Henry VIII, King of England

Family/Spouse: Elizabeth Blount. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

1. Henry Fitzroy was born about 1519 in Blackmore, Essex, England; died on 22 Jul 1536 in Westminster, Middlesex, England; was buried in Thetford, Norfolk, England.

Henry married Catherine of Aragón, Queen Consort of England on 11 Jun 1509 in Greenwich Palace, Kent, England. Catherine (daughter of Ferdinand II, King of Aragón and Isabella I, Queen of Castle and León) was born on 16 Dec 1485 in Alcalá de Henares, Castile, Spain; died on 7 Jan 1536 in Kimbolton Castle, Cambridgeshire, England; was buried on 29 Jan 1536 in Peterborough Cathedral, Peterborough, Cambridgeshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

1. Mary I, Queen of England was born on 18 Feb 1516 in Greenwich Palace, Kent, England; died on 17 Nov 1558 in London, England.

Henry married Anne Boleyn, Queen Consort of England in Jan 1533. Anne (daughter of Thomas Boleyn and Elizabeth Howard) was born about 1500 in Blickling, Norfolk, England; died on 19 May 1536 in Tower Hill, London, England; was buried in Chapel of St. Peter ad Vincula, Tower of London, London, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

1. Elizabeth I, Queen of England and Ireland was born on 7 Sep 1533 in Greenwich Palace, Kent, England; died on 24 Mar 1603 in Richmond Palace, Surrey, England; was buried in Westminster Abbey, Westminster, Middlesex, England.

Henry married Jane Seymour, Queen Consort of England on 30 May 1536 in Whitehall Palace, London, England. Jane (daughter of John Seymour and Margaret Wentworth) was born about 1509 in Wolf Hall, Wiltshire, England; died on 24 Oct 1537 in Hampton Court Palace, Richmond upon Thames, London, England; was buried in St. George's Chapel, Windsor, Berkshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

1. Edward VI, King of England

Henry married Anne of Cleves, Queen Consort of England on 6 Jan 1540. Anne (daughter of Johann III of Cleves and Maria) was born on 22 Sep 1515; died on 16 Jul 1557 in Chelsea Manor, near London, England; was buried in Westminster Abbey, Westminster, Middlesex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Henry married Catherine Howard, Queen Consort of England on 28 Jul 1540 in Oatlands Palace, Surrey, England. Catherine (daughter of Edmund Howard and Joyce Culpeper) was born between 1518 and 1524; died on 13 Feb 1542 in Tower of London, London, England; was buried in Chapel of St. Peter ad Vincula, Tower of London, London, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Henry married Katherine Parr, Queen Consort of England on 12 Jul 1543 in Hampton Court Palace, Richmond upon Thames, London, England. Katherine (daughter of Thomas Parr and Maud Green) was born about Aug 1512; died on 5 Sep 1548 in Sudeley, Gloucestershire, England; was buried on 5 Sep 1548 in Sudeley, Gloucestershire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Henry married Elizabeth of York, Queen Consort of England on 18 Jan 1486 in Westminster, Middlesex, England. Elizabeth (daughter of Edward IV, King of England and lord of Ireland and Elizabeth Woodville, Queen Consort of England) was born on 11 Feb 1466 in Westminster Palace, Westminster, Middlesex, England; died on 11 Feb 1503 in London, England; was buried in Westminster Abbey, Westminster, Middlesex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

"[C]reated Earl of Richmond 1452 and the next year declared legitimate by Parliament, received large grants of land from his half-brother King Henry VI." [The Ancestry of Charles II, King of England (citation details below)]

Edmund married Margaret Beaufort in 1455. Margaret (daughter of John Beaufort and Margaret Beauchamp) was born on 31 May 1443 in Bletsoe, Bedfordshire, England; died on 29 Jun 1509 in Westminster, Middlesex, England; was buried in Westminster Abbey, Westminster, Middlesex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

"[S]trong partisan of the cause of her son King Henry VII, worthy and high-minded, patroness of learning and of the early printed book, founder of St. John's and Christ's College, Cambridge." [The Ancestry of Charles II, King of England (citation details below)]

Edward married Elizabeth Woodville, Queen Consort of England on 1 May 1464. Elizabeth (daughter of Richard Woodville and Jacquetta of Luxembourg) was born in 1437 in Grafton Regis, Northamptonshire, England; died on 8 Jun 1492 in Bermondsey Priory, Surrey, England; was buried on 12 Jun 1492 in St. George's Chapel, Windsor, Berkshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Aft 23 Mar 1437

Notes:

Through both of her husbands, she was a great-great grandmother of English monarchical footnote Lady Jane Grey, the nine-day queen (~1536-1554).

Elizabeth Woodville = John Grey
Thomas Grey = Cecily Bonville
Thomas Grey = Margaret Wotton
Henry Grey = Frances Brandon
Jane Grey (d. 1554)

Elizabeth Woodville = Edward IV
Elizabeth of York = Henry VII
Mary Tudor = Charles Brandon
Frances Brandon = Henry Grey
Jane Grey (d. 1554)

Notes:

"[P]ossibly a member of the queen's household, received letters of denizenship in 1432 from Parliament, granted custody of a marriage and lands in Flintshire by Catherine in 1434, imprisoned after her death on account of their marriage, pardoned of all offenses in 1439, faithful to Henry VI and the Lancastrian cause, captured and beheaded after the battle of Mortimer's Cross." [The Ancestry of Charles II, King of England (citation details below)]

Owen married Catherine of Valois, Queen Consort of England between 1429 and 1430. Catherine (daughter of Charles VI, King of France and Isabeau of Bavaria) was born on 27 Oct 1401 in Hotel de St. Pol, Paris, France; died on 3 Jan 1437 in Bermondsey Priory, Surrey, England; was buried in Westminster Abbey, Westminster, Middlesex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

From Wikipedia (accessed 13 Apr 2021):

John Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset, 3rd Earl of Somerset [...] was an English nobleman and military commander during the Hundred Years War. He was the maternal grandfather of Henry VII.

[...H]e was the second son of John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset (1371-1410), the eldest of the four legitimized children of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, by his mistress Katherine Swynford. John of Gaunt was the third surviving son of King Edward III. His wife was Margaret Holland (1385-1439), a daughter of Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent, the son of Joan "the Fair Maid of Kent", a grand-daughter of King Edward I and wife of Edward the Black Prince (eldest brother of John of Gaunt) and mother of King Richard II.

In 1418 he became 3rd Earl of Somerset, having succeeded his elder brother Henry Beaufort, 2nd Earl of Somerset (1401-1418), who died unmarried, aged 17, whilst fighting for the Lancastrian cause at the Siege of Rouen in France, under the command of their uncle Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter (1377-1426).

He fought in the 1419 French campaigns of his cousin King Henry V. In 1421 he accompanied his step-father Thomas of Lancaster, Duke of Clarence (the king's younger brother) on a campaign in Anjou, France. Thomas was killed at the Battle of Baugé (22 March 1421), while Somerset and his younger brother were captured and imprisoned for 17 years. On 25 March 1425 Somerset came into his majority, but his paternal estates had to be managed by his mother for the next thirteen years of his imprisonment. He remained imprisoned until 1438 and having been ransomed, became one of the leading English commanders in France.

In 1443 John was created Duke of Somerset and Earl of Kendal, was made a Knight of the Garter and appointed Captain-General of Guyenne. He presided over a period during which England lost much territory in France and proved a poor commander. Humphrey of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Gloucester, regent for the young King Henry VI, was unable to control the administration of justice and finance, which led to widespread lawlessness. At the beginning of the second protectorate of Richard, Duke of York, Gloucester declined the office of Lieutenant-Governor, which was then accepted by Somerset, who drew from it a salary of 600 pounds.

He was appointed Admiral of the Sea to the army commander John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury, who from August 1440 besieged Harfleur, which had been in French hands for five months. King Charles VII of France sent a large army under Richemont. The English dug a double ditch rampart with only 1,000 men, while Somerset's squadron prevented a French landing by sea, using archers to pick off the enemy at short range. Having been thus frustrated the French withdrew to Paris and lifted the siege. The town surrendered to the English and was re-occupied. York was incensed that John's uncle Cardinal Henry Beaufort advised the king to sue for peace. Somerset advised King Henry that peace was humanitarian and that the king of France was determined to seize Pontoise. When York arrived in Normandy in 1441 to the campaign, Somerset had resigned. But the fall of Pontoise to Charles, Duke of Orléans in September 1441 weakened English garrisons and in Gascony the situation was even worse. The Beauforts sent Sir Edward Hull, who arrived at Bordeaux on 22 October 1442 to inform York that a huge army would arrive commanded by Somerset. York was ordered to fortify Rouen; just as the king and Dauphin of France were threatening Bordeaux and Aquitaine and seized the town of Dax Somerset dithered; York was held back as Guyenne was being lost.

Meanwhile, the Duke of York, fighting alongside the tactician Lord Talbot, had been appointed Lieutenant for all France. With the Duke of Gloucester's wife Eleanor charged with treason, Somerset took the opportunity in April 1443 to declare himself Lieutenant of Aquitaine and Captain-General of Guyenne. By then, the negotiations Somerset had started as Captain-General of Calais had failed. These two factors turned York against the Beauforts. But the last straw was the payment of £25,000 to Somerset while York remained heavily in debt. Furthermore, Guyenne was consuming precious resources otherwise destined for Normandy.

In August 1443 Somerset led 7,000 men to Cherbourg and marched south to Gascony; the duke was ill. He blundered into Guerche, a Breton town with which England had signed a peace treaty. But Somerset set all prisoners free, accepting money from the Duke of Brittany. Marching aimlessly through Maine, he returned that winter to England. His death in 1444, possibly by suicide, and that of his uncle the Cardinal, marked the end of Beaufort influence and left the door open for William de la Pole, 1st Duke of Suffolk, to dominate the government.[9] The lasting effect of these events was burning resentment between the House of York and the remaining members of the Beaufort family.

John married Margaret Beauchamp after 2 Aug 1441. Margaret (daughter of John Beauchamp and Edith Stourton) was born about 1410; died before 3 Jun 1482. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

By later marriages she became Duchess of Somerset and Countess of Kendale.

Notes:

Duke of York. Often called "Richard Plantagenet," a surname which he actually used on occasion in his own lifetime, something not done by any other Plantagenet. Killed in the Battle of Wakefield.

"[T]he most powerful subject in England, heir of the Mortimer claim to the crown, king's lieutenant in Normandy and Ireland, self-interest mingled in him with a love of justice and desire for administrative reform, he claimed the throne but was defeated and slain in battle." [The Ancestry of Charles II, King of England (citation details below)]

Noted in a footnote on page 69 of The Ancestry of Charles II, King of England (citation details below): "Nearly every source has his date of birth as 21 September. However, CP 14:642 includes a correction to CP 12(2):905, that changes the date of birth to 22 September. Johnson, Duke Richard of York, 1 n. 1, has 22 September, noting that it was on the feast of St. Maurice."

Richard married Cecily Neville before 18 Oct 1424. Cecily (daughter of Ralph de Neville and Joan Beaufort) was born on 3 May 1415; died on 31 May 1495 in Berkhamsted Castle, Hertfordshire, England; was buried in Fotheringay, Northamptonshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

The "Rose of Raby."

Notes:

Or Wydeville. Treasurer of England, 4 Mar 1466 to his death. Created Earl Rivers, 24 May 1466, and Constable of England for life, 24 Aug 1467. Following the Yorkist defeat at Edgecote Moor, he and his second son John were put through a hasty show trial and beheaded.

Richard married Jacquetta of Luxembourg before 23 Mar 1437. Jacquetta (daughter of Pierre de Luxembourg and Margherita del Balzo) was born in 1415; died on 30 May 1472. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1416

Notes:

Duchess of Bedford. Countess Rivers.