Nielsen Hayden genealogy
Notes
Matches 1,501 to 2,000 of 13,835
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| 1501 | From Massachusetts and Maine Families in the Ancestry of Walter Goodwin Davis, citation details below: The Parish of St. Edmund's, Salisbury, had been a stronghold of Puritanism since the resignation of Rev. Hugh Williams and the induction of Rev. Peter Thacher as rector by Bishop Davenport in 1622/3. Mr. Francis Dove, twice mayor of the city, was one of the wardens of St. Edmund's, and it is not surprising to find Christian Brown and her family, under his advice and protection, joining the group of their fellow parishioners who ventured forth from old Salisbury in 1638 to found a new Salisbury on the western continent where the persecution of Archbishop Laud could not follow them. The courageous widow appears on the undated list of the first settlers of Salisbury, in the Massachusetts Bay Colony, among whom the common lands of the new town were first divided. She also received lands in the divisions of 1640 and 1641. She did not long survive the hardships which her adventure must have imposed upon her, however, and her death is recorded on December 28, 1641. | Hibbert, Christian (I5682)
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| 1502 | From Massachusetts and Maine Families in the Ancestry of Walter Goodwin Davis: William Wormwood, presumably a fisherman as he is usually associated with them, is first found as a witness to an agreement, made January 10, 1639, between John Lander, a "sealer" (a hunter of seals), and John Billings, fisherman, both of Piscataqua, by which the two men, who had been partners, divided their house, land, shallop and live stock. Wormwood, his wife Catherine and their children lived in a house on four acres of land at Kittery Point which had been given him, two acres each, by Lander and Billings, as Goodwife Thomas, who was Billings's widow, testified in March, 1647. Sometime before that year Wormwood had sold the place to Thomas Crockett who, in turn, sold it to Robert Mendum on September 21, 1644. When the first General Court of the Province of Maine, at which all of the adult males were supposed to appear, was held in Saco on June 25, 1640, William Wormwood was one of fifteen Piscataqua men absent. After the sale of the Kittery Point house the Wormwoods went to Star Island in the Isles of Shoals, from where the authorities ordered them back to the mainland in 1647 because of their "improper dealings" with sailors which, from later developments, would seem to mean too free a sale of strong drink. At the Shoals, also, they fell in with one William James, a fisherman, who came back to Kittery with them, and in October, 1647, Catherine Wormwood was arrested by John Sealey and Antipas Maverick and ordered to Boston to answer an unspecified charge, probably on suspicion of adultery with James. The charge could not have been proved as she was soon back in Maine where on June 27, 1648, the court ordered that "William James and William Wormwood are for to part household and for to build another house before one yeare be ended." This remedy did not cure the situation, however. In the court of October 16, 1650, William James and William Wormwood's wife were presented for living suspiciously together, and if James did not "separate" by the next court he was to pay 40s. or have corporal punishment. Wormwood, who, perhaps naturally, had become "a common swearer and a turbulent person," now sought to take his difficult wife back to the Shoals, and the court decreed "that if the Fishermen of the Iles of Sholes will entertaine Wormewood and his wife, they have liberty to sit downe ther provided that they shall not sell neither wine, beare nor Licker." If they went James went too, for a year later on October 14, 1651, the court is still harping on separation. "William James shall hence forward separate himself from Catterne Wormewood & must forthwith pay his Fourty shillings for his breach of the last Court order about his seperation." There are few other records. In the court of June, 1648, Wormwood sued Mr. Nicholas Browne for debt, asking damages of £10 and having a bull attached as security. Mr. John Sealey walked off with the bull while it was under attachment and was fined £5 for contempt. Wormwood sued Dr. John Reynolds in the New Hampshire court in 1650 for detaining three goats and a sow for three years, and, the doctor having departed the country, won a verdict against Alexander Jones who had been Reynolds' surety. Wormwood had to sue again to enforce the verdict in 1651. Catherine Wormwood testified against Edward Colcord in court at Strawberry Bank in 1650. "Goody Wormod" was listed among the doubtful debtors of Robert Button in January, 1651, the adjective probably quite justified. | Wormwood, William (I26846)
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| 1503 | From McArthur-Barnes Ancestral Lines (citation details below): He sailed with some members of his family with the Winthrop Fleet, 29 Mar. 1630, from Cowes, Isle of Wight, supposedly on the flagship, Arbella. He was a man of means, and is thought to be the Robert Parke who wrote to John Winthrop 17 Feb. 1629/30 from Easterkale, co. Lincoln, proposing to go to New England [Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., 5th Series, 1:194]. Savage [Gen. Dict. 3:347] states that he returned to England the same year, carrying an order by Governor Winthrop to his son John in England to pay money, "which is in my possession and may be the earliest bill of exchange drafted on our side of the water." His son William, who came over later in 1630, settled in Roxbury, Mass., where he became one of the most prominent citizens, and his daughter Ann seems to have been with William at Roxbury, where she married in 1640 and died the following year. We do not know just when Robert returned to New England, but on 9 Apr. 1640 Mr. Parke was made freeman at Wethersfield, Conn., as Robert Parke served on a jury 2 July 1640 and represented that town as Deputy to the Connecticut General Court, Aug. 1642 [Col. Rec. of Conn., 1:46, 55, 73]. His son Thomas was with him at Wethersfield, and they remained together at New London and Stonington. We do not know when Robert Parke lost his first wife, the mother of his children. On 30 May 1644, the House of Deputies of Massachusetts Bay passed the following act: "The peticon of Robert Parke is graunted by ye whole Courte, and hath libtye to pceed in marriage wth Alice Tompson wthout farthr publishe" [Shurtleff's Records of Massachusetts Bay, 3:3]. She was a widow of gentry family who had come to Roxbury, Mass., with daughters. The marriage accordingly took place. [...] About 1650 Robert Parke and his son Thomas removed to Pequot, now New London, Conn. On 20 May 1652 Mr. Parkes was a Deputy for New London [Col. Rec. of Conn., 1:231]. In New London land records we find that Alice Parke witnessed a deed, 2 June 1652; Richard Blinman, pastor, conveyed to "my brother in law Thomas Parkes," 21 Mar. 1653/4; and Thomas Parke of "Misticke neere Pequot" conveyed 9 Oct. 1656 to his father, Robert Parke, Gentleman [2:9; 3:64,41]. About 1655 the family had moved to Mystic or Southerton, later included in Stonington, Conn. The family continued to own land in New London as numerous deeds attest. | Parke, Robert (I11044)
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| 1504 | From Moby-Dick, chapter 24: But if, in the face of all this, you still declare that whaling has no aesthetically noble associations connected with it, then am I ready to shiver fifty lances with you there, and unhorse you with a split helmet every time. The whale has no famous author, and whaling no famous chronicler, you will say. The whale no famous author, and whaling no famous chronicler? Who wrote the first account of our Leviathan? Who but mighty Job! And who composed the first narrative of a whaling-voyage? Who, but no less a prince than Alfred the Great, who, with his own royal pen, took down the words from Other, the Norwegian whale-hunter of those times! And who pronounced our glowing eulogy in Parliament? Who, but Edmund Burke! True enough, but then whalemen themselves are poor devils; they have no good blood in their veins. No good blood in their veins? They have something better than royal blood there. The grandmother of Benjamin Franklin was Mary Morrel; afterwards, by marriage, Mary Folger, one of the old settlers of Nantucket, and the ancestress to a long line of Folgers and harpooneers--all kith and kin to noble Benjamin--this day darting the barbed iron from one side of the world to the other. | Morrill, Mary (I17443)
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| 1505 | From Norfolk Families by Walter Rye (1911): Clere of Ormesby and Blickling, a Visitation family (see Harl. Visit, p. 74), used arms in 14:60 Arg. on a fesse az. three eaglets displayed or. The first nine generations of the early Heralds' pedigree, which begins with......"Cleremonte, assistant to William Duke of Normandy, 1066, father of the Lord Clarrey, alias Clere, alias Claremont, who by his wife, the d. of Godfrey, Earl of Patele, was father of Sir Edmund Clarrey, or Clere, who came over with the Conqueror," are all pure invention of some Elizabethan herald, and I think were first put forth on the altar tomb of Edward Clere of Blickling. I commented at length on this in the "Genealogist," vol. iv., p. 97, and came to the conclusion that the matches with the Earls of Patele, Martell, Ambefield, Molyns, Ormesby, Sneck, Westless, and Somerton were all imaginary. It is not, however, impossible, and indeed I think it highly probable, that this family may be descended from the noble family of de Clere. In 1166 Ralph de Clere held Filby (the next parish to Ormesby) of John, s. of Robert Fitz Walter, i.e., de Clare. John de Clere in the Henry III. Roll bore Arg. a fesse az., and in chief a lion passant gu. The first undoubted ancestor of this family was Robert Clere, alias Cleriz of Stokesby, in 1316, who had considerable land in Runham, Herringby, Stokesby, Filby, Somerton, and Winterton. From An Essay Towards a Topographical History of the County of Norfolk by Francis Blomefield (citation details below): Clere and quarterings as before, impaling Filby, arg. an inescotcheon in an orle of martlets gul. This Robart, in 1340, was escheator of Norfolk, Suffolk, Essex, Cambridgeshire, and Huntingtonshire, was elected one of the knights in parliament for the county of Norfolk, in the 18th of Edward III. anno 1343, and with Bartholomew Bateman his partner, had 10£. 8s. for 26 days attendance, allowed him. In 1345 he was again returned with John de Berneye, and again in 1347. He served again in the parliament held in 1351, with John de Ratlesden; and in 1356 attending only 24 days, he had 5£. for his expenses, whereas the other member, John de Berneye, attending 32 days, had 6£. 8s. for his expenses. In 1360 he was guardian of the temporalities of the see of Norwich during Bishop Percy's absence beyond sea. It seems that he and his wife rebuilt the church of Ormesby St. Margaret, for their effigies remain in the north window next the rood-loft, with this, Nos precibus Matris, salvet Sapientia Patris. Orate pro animabus Roberti Clere, et Alicie Uroris eius. They are buried under the tomb, without arms or inscription, by this window; they had also William, who married Elizabeth, daughter and heir of Thomas Newton, and another son, who married a daughter and heir of Charles, and a daughter Sarah, married to Somerton by whom she had Beatrice, who married Clememt Paston. | Clere, Robart (I30103)
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| 1506 | From Ogle and Bothal, citation details below: In 1388, James, earl of Douglas, suddenly entered England and advanced as far as Brancepeth in Durham. Ou returning he lay three days before Newcastle, during which several skirmishes took place. The Scots then marched to Ponteland, took the castle there and then marched on to Otterburn where they encamped and entrenched themselves. The English, under Sir Henry Percy, surnamed Hotspur, after a forced march of thirty-six hours, attacked them on the 19th of August; Sir Henry had divided his forces into two parts, one was to attack, and the other, under Sir Maurice, called Sir Maw with the Red Mane, and Sir Robert Ogle, was to chase. Just however, as the English had carelessly thought they had gained a victory they were charged by the earl of Douglas, who fell, but the Scots rallying defeated the English, Sir Henry Percy and his brother, Sir Robert Ogle, and many others being taken prisoners. Sir Robert Angle of Bothal and Ogle, as he has been called, is described in the ballad of the battle as follows: — The felde was his all yf yt he were take The Vmfrevyle, Grey, Ogle and Redmayne Held the felde hole yt might so for his sake And knew nothyng witherwarde he was gayn. From Complete Peerage X:26-7: Sir Robert de Ogle, knight, grandson and heir, being son and heir of Robert de Ogle and Ellen Bertram, was born at Callerton, and baptised at Ponteland, 8 December 1353. Having sued his mother in Chancery in 1373 for his maintenance for 5 years, he proved his age in 1374, and had a writ of livery of the lands of his paternal grandfather and grandmother 4 February 1374/5. In January 1375/6 he had licence for divine service in the oratory in the chapel near Ogle Castle. He served under Sir Thomas de Felton in the expedition to Brittany in 1380, and was knighted before 12 March 1385/6. He took part in the battle of Otterburn in August 1388, and was appointed on various commissions in Northumberland in 1392. In 1393 he indented as Keeper of Berwick and the East March, 30 April to May. With his wife Joan he had an indult, December 1396, for a portable altar, and in February 1397/8 was chief commissioner to audit the accounts of the officials of Waldby, late Archbishop of York, who died deeply in debt to the King. He was one of six summoned from Northumberland to attend the King in Council at Westminster on 16 August 1401. He married, before 6 September 1372, Joan, 3rd daughter and coheir of Sir Alan de Heton. He died 31 October 1409 (j). His widow died 12 October 1416. (j) Writ dated 8 Nov 1409; inquisition made 17 Apr following. On the other hand, his M.I. at Hexham; and--depicting the arms--and his will, dated there 7 Feb "1410", respectively show his death in 1410 and 1411, modern style. He desired to be buried at Whalton, but was actually interred at Hexham. He had younger sons: (i) John, upon whom, taking the name of Bertram, Bothal was settled by his grandmother, and, after her death, by his father, Feb 1405/6; (ii) Alexander, upon whom his father and mother settled the Hepple inheritance. Alexander predeceased his mother (dspm). Robert made a settlement on his daughters Margery and Elizabeth as early as 29 Sep 1374. A daughter called Margaret (query the said Margery) m. Robert, son of Nicholas de Raymes. | Ogle, Robert (I7675)
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| 1507 | From Scholl, Sholl, Shull Genealogy (citation details below): It seems likely that this family belongs to the early Scholl families of Pennsylvania, but as yet the necessary proofs have not been uncovered. It is said also, that Jonathan Shull had been previously married to a daughter of Dr. Compton, by whom he had one or more children, among them Tobias Shull of Rockingham county, Virginia, and it is certain that a son of Tobias was geographically closely associated in Frederick county with Elijah Shull, but the definite evidence in contemporary record is still lacking. Records of the distribution of Jonathan's estate have not been found, but when his widow Margaret Shull 's dower was laid off and assigned to her as "widow and relict of Jonathan Shull," December 25, 1833, at the December Term of Court, she got "five out of the twenty-six slaves belonging to the estate," namely one slave named Joshua at the sum of $500, one named Solo mon at $400, one named Philip at $225, a female slave named Sally Chapman with infant child named Matilda Jane at $350. Margaret Shull's Will devised to Harriet, wife of son Elijah Shull, "$120 due me by my son Jonathan Shull," also all property of all kinds to Harriet, and made son Elijah executor. She probably passed her last days in Elijah's family. The U. S. Census for 1810 shows that Jonathan Shull of Frederick county was then over 45 years of age, and his wife was under 45 years. There were two males and six females under 10, one male and one female between 10 and 16, two males between 16 and 26, and one between 26 and 45, and seven slaves. This shows that he was born before 1765, and she after 1767. As she outlived him many years, she was probably considerably younger than he, and may have been a second wife as claimed. The ages of the children indicate that several were born before the year 1794, and thus would belong to a previous marriage. From Charles Gander (citation details below): Perhaps our Jonathan was the son of a Henry Scholl, who is the only Scholl listed in the Frederick County Tax Records of the 1780's. Henry's household held eleven "Free White Males [including himself] aged 16 and up," and he was taxed for owning 3 "Horses, Mares, Colts, & Mules" and 6 "Cattle" in 1787. […] According to the comprehensive History of the Lower Shenandoah Valley, Jonathan "was a blacksmith, but followed farming." Living as close as he did to the Zane Iron Works, I suspect that he played some part in its operation, perhaps as a blacksmith, or maybe only in providing firewood for the furnace. […] Although nearly all of our ancestors did not abide with slave holding, Jonathan was one of the exceptions. Margaret's father and, to a lesser extent, James Moore, Sr. and Thomas Moore were the others. Jonathan owned twenty six slaves when he died, on which the appraised value was $4,890. Records of the distribution of Jonathan's estate were not located in the county courthouse, but when Margaret's dower was laid off and assigned to her on 25 December 1833 at the December Term of Court, she received five of the twenty six slaves belonging to the estate. These were Joshua valued at $500, Solomon at $400, Philip at $225, and a female slave named Sally Chapman with an infant child named Matilda Jane at $350. As her share, Margaret was also awarded $155 for any slave of the estate that would be sold at a later date. On 3 March 1834, the court amended the dower after it examined the value and ownership of certain "unproductive and burthensome" slaves. It retracted the $155 allowance, concluding that the five slaves previously awarded to her valued at $1,475, together with her additional support of the unproductive slaves "George and Daphne, is her fair and full proportion of the estate." The negroes "Jep," who was valued at $150 and listed as "Wholly useless being afflected with a permanent Rheumatism," and "Delilah an idiot" were "of course left to be divided as the Law may direct among the Heirs of said Decedant." Margaret most likely passed her final days with her son and executor, Elijah and his wife Harriet on the home farm. On 24 October 1845, she willed the $120 owed to her by her son Jonathan, as well as all her "property of Every Kind, such as beds, bedding, bedsteads, household and Kitchen Furnature and every other article of property of which I may also possess," to Harriet, whom she called "my daughter." She died shortly afterwards, as her will was proved in court only a few days later on 3 November. | Shull, Jonathan (I26015)
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| 1508 | From Stone-Gregg Genealogy (citation details below): Joseph Emerson was a Puritan minister. He was at Ipswich as early as 1638, and he preached at York, Maine, the same year. In 1653, Joseph was a resident of Wells, Maine, and took the freeman's oath on 4 July 1653. He was an inhabitant there when the commissioners took the submission of the people, the court being held in his house. He favored submission to Massachusetts in 1651-2, and was evidently a leading man in the Massachusetts party, signing a petition to Cromwell, asking the protector to confirm the jurisdiction of Massachusetts over the inhabitants of Wells. In this petition, which he probably wrote, the people of Wells refer Cromwell to their "pyous and reverend friend, Mr. John Wheelwright, sometime of us, now in England," for any desired information as to their conditionor character. Emerson soon lost his hold on the affections of the people of Wells and was presented several times for "telling of a ly" or "speaking falsely." He left Wells about 1664 and became the first minister in Milton. He was dismissed from this church after asking for an increase in salary because of his approaching marriage, and settled in Mendon, 1 December 1669, where he remained until the town was destroyed by the Indians in King Philip's war. He retired to Concord where he died. Joseph Emerson (1620-1680) = Elizabeth Bulkeley (1638-1693) Edward Emerson (1670-1743) = Rebecca Waldo (1662-1752) Joseph Emerson (1700-1767) = Mary Moody (1702-1799) William Emerson (1743-1776) = Phoebe Bliss (1741-1825) William Emerson (1769-1811) = Ruth Haskins (1768-1853) Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882) Joseph Emerson (1620-1680) = Elizabeth Woodmansey (d. <1665) James Emerson (d. 1756) = Sarah (d. 1732) Elizabeth Emerson (1687-1760) = Joseph Taft (d. 1747) Peter Taft (d. 1783) = Elizabeth Cheney (1707-1783) Aaron Taft (1743-1808) = Rhoda Rawson (1749-1827) Peter Rawson Taft (1785-1867) = Sylvia Howard (1792-1866) Alphonso Taft (1810-1891) = Louisa Maria Torrey (1827-1907) William Howard Taft (1857-1930) | Emerson, Rev. Joseph (I33408)
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| 1509 | From The Ancestry of Abel Lunt by Walter Goodwin Davis, citation details below: Mary Cutting was quite able to manage her husband's affairs while he was at sea. From an unnamed place (probably Newbury) she wrote an undated (1639?) letter to the governor, addressing him as Right Worshipfull John Winthrop : "I have made bold to desire you to establish your promise in helping mee in an un expected case which is this." She goes on to say that when living in England her husband bound a man to them for a term of eight years, brought him over this year and left him here to accompany her other seamen. While Capt. Cutting was in the Bay, Capt. Thorneback, the servant's near kinsman, arrived from Virginia and talked with him about releasing the man, which Capt. Cutting would do if compensated. The servant, without her knowledge, had gone off with his goods in her shallop to the Bay (apparently after Capt. Cutting's departure) and she asks the governor to cause Capt. Thorneback either to pay for his time, £20 being little enough for three and a half years, or help in returning him. She adds that she had acquainted the Deputy Governor with the facts more at large. [...] In 1655 Tristram Coffin testified that from five to seven years ago he heard Mrs. Cutting, as attorney for her husband who had gone to sea, bargain with Josiah Cobham and Richard Currier for two lots of meadow in Salisbury. In the same court Samuel Winsley, Sen., deposed that in this business he had gone to Charlestown to see Mr. Cutting and his wife. | Mary (I26331)
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| 1510 | From The Ancestry of Bethia Harris, citation details below: The family of Reade, of Wickford, co. Essex, presents an interesting example of a gradual rise, by the acquisition of property, from the ranks of the yeomanry to the status of gentry. There is some slight evidence that the Reades had claims to gentility before the series of wills on which we rely in visualizing them commenced in 1534. When the brothers William and Thomas Reade applied to the College of Arms in 1654, arms were not granted but confirmed to them as follows: "Azure, a griffin segreant and a canton or; crest, a griffin's head erased azure, beak and ears or." In the pedigree of the family of Mildmay the match is recorded of a Thomas Mildmay, living in the town of Chelmsford, near Wickford, in 1521, and Agnes Reade, whose parentage is unknown but who was a daughter of a fam ily which bore as arms "Vert, a griffin segreant or." Two at least of the farms owned by the Reades in Wickford and neighboring parishes, "Fryearne" and "Sopers," are still called by those names and can be easily identified. | Reade, William (I5973)
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| 1511 | From The Ancestry of Lorenzo Ackley and His Wife Emma Arabella Bosworth (citation details below): George Hubbard came to Wethersfield, Conn., 1636, presumably with the settlers from Watertown, Mass. In 1642 he removed to Milford, and about 1649 to Guilford, where he bought the lands of Jacob Sheaffe, 22 Sept. 1648, and died in Jan. 1682/3. He married Mary, who died 14 Sept. 1676. He was admitted to Milford Church, 15 Jan. 1642/3, and was dismissed to Guilford, 6 Oct. 1650; his wife Mary was admitted to Milford Church, 4 Aug. 1644. Their children, Daniel, Abigail, and Hannah, were baptized together at Milford, 26 May 1644. Repeated statements, in the Hubbard history and elsewhere, to the effect that his wife Mary was a daughter of John and Ann Bishop of Guilford, are without foundation in fact. No record proof exists, and the known ages of children of George Hubbard and of those of John Bishop show that they belonged approximately to the same generation, and a study of the dates makes it clear that George Hubbard and his wife were contemporaries in age of John Bishop and his wife. The will of John Bishop's widow gave a small legacy to her granddaughter Elizabeth Hubbard, and these erroneous statements are apparently based on this slender bit of evidence, which proves nothing until this Elizabeth Hubbard is definitely identified. Mr. Hubbard had a long career in public service. He was Deputy for Wethers ield to the Connecticut General Court, Mar. and Apr. 1638, Apr., Aug. and Sept. 1639, Apr. 1640, Feb. and Apr. 1641, and Apr. and Aug 1642; Deputy for Guilford to the New Haven General Court, May 1655, May 1657, May 1658, May 1659, Aug. 1661, and May 1662; Deputy for Guilford to the Connecticut General Court, Oct. 1665 and Oct. 1666; and Commissioner or Magistrate for Guilford, 1665, 1666, 1667, and 1670. | Hubbard, George (I33434)
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| 1512 | From The Ancestry of Phoebe Tilton (citation details below): In the spring of 1659, after several years of religious differences, a strongly conservative minority of the church at Hartford and a like-minded majority of the church at Wethersfield, under the leadership of Rev. John Russell, decided to seek a new home above Springfield, in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Peter Tilton and John Hawks of Windsor joined this group in the foundation of the town of Hadley. All of the "withdrawers," as they were called, signed an agreement on April 18, 1659, at Goodman Ward's house at Hartford. In Hadley, Peter Tilton speedily became one of the leading citizens. Strongly religious, he was one of the two original deacons of the new church, and, with apparent educational qualifications, he held the most important town offices. To lay out the land which the "withdrawers" had bought, two "town measurers" were appointed, one being Tilton, in 1660. He took the freeman's oath on March 26, 1661, and in that year he was elected the town's auditor and also town clerk which office he filled for thirty-two years, or until 1693. He served the town as selectman in 1670, 1674, 1677, 1679 and 1687, and was elected "recorder of lands" in 1663. [...] Peter Tilton's contributions to the judicial and legislative system of his town, county and colony were distinguished. In Hadley he was a commissioner to end small causes, or local justice. For Hampshire county he acted as treasurer for ten years, was a member of the Council of War during the struggle with the Indians in the years from 1675 to 1677 known as King Philip's war and by 1680 he was a justice of the Hampshire county court. He represented his town in the General Court of Massachusetts Bay in Boston in 1665, 1666, 1668 and 1670-1679. He was also a legislator in 1667 but representing the town of Chelmsford. Mr. Peter Golding of Hadley accused Tilton of packing a court in 1693 and was fined £5 for the slander. Tilton's judicial career culminated in his election in 1681 as an "assistant" of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, which position he held until the beginning of the administration of Sir Edmund Andros in 1686. The assistants to the Governor had originally executive, legislative and judicial powers and duties, but long before Peter Tilton's time their functions had become solely judicial and they acted as the final court of appeal in the colony. Having gone through the successive stages of "Mr." and "Esq." in the colonial social scale he now became "The Worshipful" Peter Tilton, which fulsome title was still a degree below "Honorable" which was sometimes granted him. The Court of Assistants met twice a year during Tilton's in cumbency, and he must have been very much at home in the provincial capital of Boston and a familiar figure in its society. The most interesting feature of Peter Tilton's history is by its very nature the most obscure. In 1660 General Whalley and General Goffe, two of the Puritan judges of the Commonwealth who had sentenced King Charles I to death, sought refuge in New England on the eve of the restoration of King Charles II. Hunted throughout the colonies by British agents, they eventually found asylum in Hadley under the protection of Rev. John Russell, the parson, and Peter Tilton, the chief layman of the town. There they remained in concealment for the remainder of their lives, possibly fourteen to sixteen years. Mr. Russell never left Hadley during those years, and Peter Tilton, frequently in Boston, acted as the agent of the family and friends of the regicides in sending and receiving information and in obtaining the necessary funds for their support. The secret was perfectly kept although it must have been known to the Russell and Tilton families and even to some others in the village. So well was it kept, in fact, that when Governor Hutchinson visited Hadley to gather facts for his History of Massachusetts, published in 1764, the people had little of memory or tradition to give him. In later days they made up for this lack, and spectacular and dramatic stories of the two generals were told, particularly of the appearance of one of them, armed and ready to lead in the defense of the town when an alarm was sounded during King Philip's war. They are all apocryphal, however. | Tilton, Peter (I25955)
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| 1513 | From The Bingham Family in the United States, citation details below: Jeremiah was born in the Franklin section of Norwich, New London Co CT where his parents, Joseph and Rachel Ween Bingham, then lived. Based upon his date of entry into military service, he was probably born on 17 Apr 1760, but the Norwich records cite the name James, and not Jeremiah. [PNH: see note below.] By 1776 Jeremiah was apprenticed to Henry Baldridge in Bennington VT, but when the army recruiting sergeant came to Bennington, Jeremiah broke his apprentice agreement and joined the army. He served his first thirty-four months in Maj. Allen's company of Col. Rufus Putnam's MA regiment of the Continental Line, 20 Feb 1777 to 31 Dec 1779. He signed up for another year and a month, consequently, his final date of service was 31 Jan 1781. He would have been almost twenty-one when he was discharged. Jeremiah returned to Bennington where he stayed until about 1784 and then followed his uncle Jeremiah to Cornwall, Addison Co VT. Jeremiah married in Cornwall, Mary Ives, 27 Nov 1786. The next month, they purchased nearly four acres adjoining their house lot. Near the end of 1788 when Jeremiah received his back military pay, he bought twenty-five acres from Edward Harris. This deed is most intriguing as it also recorded Harris's gift of five acres to Joseph Bingham. Joseph could have been Jeremiah's father or brother. The births of Jeremiah and Mary's first three children were recorded in Cornwall, but not the births of the other children. The 1800 U.S. census for Cornwall credited the family with three boys under 10, one girl under 10, and one girl 10-16. The family was also enumerated in Cornwall in 1810. Several Cornwall deeds between 1789 amd 1793 indicate that Jeremiah sold portions of his twenty-five acres. In 1794, he bought thirty-four acres from Jared Ives, but sold it five months later in 1795. That deed was the last record for Jeremiah in Cornwall. His pension application file contains a statement by his uncle Jeremiah of Cornwall that he lived "here" in 1806 and his son, Aaron, stated that he died in 1813 during the late war with England. Mary, his wife, married second, Abner Whipple, about 1820. Jeremiah's sons Reuben, Lucius and Jeremiah lived in Ontario, Canada in the late 1820, but by 1840 they had returned to the U.S. and all three lived in Knox Co IL. Son Jeremiah moved on to IA in 1845 where his mother Mary died. ***** We are a little skeptical about Donna Bingham Munger's assertion that "[b]ased upon his date of entry into military service, he was probably born on 17 Apr 1760", since, as Munger observes, "the Norwich records [for a Bingham birth on that date] cite the name James, and not Jeremiah." It seems clear from records cited by Munger herself that James Bingham was a separate individual. We find it entirely plausible that Jeremiah was born in 1761, was an apprentice at fifteen, and ran away to join the army at approximately sixteen. ***** Some online sites state that this Jeremiah Bingham fought in the War of 1812 as well as in the Revolution. We believe this is based on a misreading of son Aaron's 1849 statement, referred to in our entry for Jeremiah Bingham's wife Mary Ives, that Jeremiah "died during the late war with England in 1813." It seems clear that Aaron was merely noting the period of history during which his father died, not claiming that he father actually fought in that war. Most notably, after their mother's death, Aaron Bingham and his brothers Jeremiah, Joseph, and Lucius Augustus Bingham put a great deal of energy into proving their father's Revolutionary War service in order to obtain their portions of their mother's pension. If their father had also fought in the second war with England, this surely would have been mentioned in their various statements about his military history. Jeremiah may, however, have been a recruiter during the war of 1812. Via Barbara Nielsen, we have a photocopy of a Federal Bureau of Pensions form, undated but clearly produced between 1900 and 1909, since the pre-printed date line on top of the document reads "Washington, D.C., 190__". The top of the document is a form letter aimed at persons who have written to the Bureau in search of information about an ancestor's service in the Revolution or the War of 1812, and it requests that the correspondent please fill out the form at the bottom of the page and return it. The form at the bottom has been filled out by one Perry P. Young, requesting information about the service of this Jeremiah Bingham, and in the "additional information" space, Young writes that "family tradition" says that Jeremiah Bingham was a recruiter for the war of 1812. Young also states as a matter of fact that three of Jeremiah's sons, Calvin, Perry, and Joseph, fought in that war. | Bingham, Jeremiah (I1293)
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| 1514 | From The Bingham Family in the United States, citation details below: Joseph was only ten months old when his father, Thomas, died in 1710. His uncle Jonathan was appointed his guardian in 1713 when Joseph's father's will was probated. But his mother, Hannah, had married, second, Daniel Tracy, who became the only father Joseph would have known. At age twenty-two, Joseph married Ruth Post. They were admitted to the Second Church in Norwich, also called the Franklin Church, 4 Jan 1736. Their children Mary, Eunice, Joseph, Stephen, and Esther were also baptized in the Franklin Church. The family lived in the Franklin section of Norwich for over twenty years. Joseph fought in the French and Indian War in 1758 as a 2nd Lt, 8th company, 2nd regiment under Capt. John Durkee and Col. Nathan Whiting and in 1759 as 1st Lieutenant, 3rd company, 4th regiment under Major John Durkee. When Joseph left military service, he moved his family to Charlemont, then Hampshire Co MA, with the first party of settlers. This may have been as early as 1760 or as late as 1764. Children Lucretia, Jeremiah, and Calvin moved to Charlemont, with their parents. Esther and husband, and Lois and husband either went with Joseph and Ruth or joined them later. About 1773, the two youngest sons, Jeremiah and Calvin, went to Bennington VT where they purchased a partially cleared farm which had an unfinished house. They soon brought their parents to live with them. Joseph and Jeremiah joined the First Church in Bennington 3 May 1776. Jeremiah and Calvin were voted freeman 10 Sep 1778 and as of 21 Jan 1779 Joseph was a freeman in Bennington. At the annual town meeting 31 March 1779, the freemen voted to pay Joseph Wilkins £4.04 for keeping Joseph Bingham's wife in 1770 (sic?). When Joseph was a young man he was described as being six feet two inches tall, not fleshy, with a keen penetrating eye, an indomitable will, and uncommon muscular strength. He was a church member and deacon for many years, his conversation abounded in moral and religious instruction and he was a man of prayer. Thus it was that recovering from a broken hip at age sixty-eight, Joseph had his son Calvin carry him to town and from there called the older men, women, and children to the church and led them in prayer during the Battle of Bennington, Saturday 16 Aug 1777. Joseph's hip healed and he lived for ten more years. From Early Vermont Settlers to 1784, citation details below: Joseph enlisted as a private in Maj. William White's Company of Norwich on 12 September 1755, promoted to sergeant on 22 October, and discharged on 13 December 1755. Sgt. Joseph served now Lt. Col. William White from 5 April to 3 December 1756, and at one point was listed as sick at Fort Edward. Lt. Joseph next served "on command" [i.e. not on active duty at that date] Capt. John Durkee of Norwich in the 9th Company dated at Fort Edward on 19 October 1758 and again dated Norwich on 23 April 1759. Joseph Bingham (1709-1787) = Ruth Post (1711-1796) Jeremiah Bingham (1748-~1841) = Abigail (d. 1817) Sylvia Bingham (1778-1812) = Aaron DeLong Abigail DeLong (1799-1862) = Luman Field (1794-1846) Lucinda Field (1819-1899) = William Heath (1815-1882) James W. Heath (b. ~1847) = Alma Miranda Rhodes (1845-1904) Charles R. Heath (1872-1933) = Alice Adaline Maria Oriel (1874-1902) Charles F. Heath (1901-1980) = Nellie Marie Brandt (1900-1988) Charles Richard Heath (1938- ) = Sarah Sheeran (1940- ) Sarah Louise Heath Palin (1964- ) | Bingham, Deacon Joseph (I903)
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| 1515 | From The Bingham Family in the United States, citation details below: Joseph's birth on 14 Apr 1738 was recorded in the Norwich records, but he was baptized on 16 Apr in the Franklin church. He grew up in the Franklin section of Norwich and may have served in the militia in the French and Indian War. When he was twenty-one he married Rachel Ween 5 Jul 1759. In 1760, their first child was born and the birth recorded in the Norwich records under the name James. Joseph's other children's births are not recorded in Norwich and other records have not been found to document Joseph's life after 1760. Neither are there records for James. However, it is known that Joseph's parents moved to Charlemont MA in 1760 and to Bennington VT between 1773 and 1779 and that Joseph's son, Jeremiah 2nd, was an apprentice in Bennington in 1777. ***** A document at familysearch.org claims that "Joseph served in the French and Indian war as a Quartermaster of a troop of horses, fifth regiment in May 1757. He was Cornet in Oct 1761, and Lieutenant in Oct 1764." "The town of Bennington voted each year from 1768 to 1771 to aid Joseph who has been under confinement. This Joseph, wife Rachel, and their named children were warned out of Bennington in 1768. The town discussed moving Joseph back to Norwich and to try to recover costs from Norwich in 1770. The town, again, voted assistance for the doctoring, nursing, and board for Joseph in 1771." [Early Vermont Settlers to 1784, citation details below.] The town records of Charlemont, Massachusetts show payments in Dec 1773 to "Joseph Bingham, for work at the Road 6/ [shillings/pence], Calvin Bingham, for work at the Road 13/6, Daniel Kinsley, for work at the Road 30/6." If these Binghams are ours, this would be more likely to be this Joseph, as his father Joseph was 64 in 1773. | Bingham, Joseph (I6762)
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| 1516 | From The Bingham Family in the United States, citation details below: Thomas died age forty-two. As Thomas's widow, Hannah refused to administer his estate on 8 July 1712 when inventory was filed, brother Stephen was administrator. Thomas's will was filed 26 Sep 1713; distribution of personal and real property valued at £1401 was to wife and children. Thomas's early death compared to his siblings has caused much speculation. This genealogy, however, shows a pattern of early male death in selected heirs of Thomas. Cause of death was invariably heart disease, or more specifically, endocarditis. Evidence points in favor of a genetically transmitted rheumatic fever ending in early heart attack for those who survived childhood. | Bingham, Sgt. Thomas (I3825)
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| 1517 | From The Bingham Family in the United States, citation details below: With his brothers Reuben and Jeremiah 2nd Jr., and his mother and her second husband, Abner Whipple, Lucius Augustus and his family moved west to near Brockville, Upper Canada about 1829. None of them appeared on the NY 1830 Federal census. The group remained in Canada until the late 1830s when they decided to embrace the Mormon religion and moved to Henderson, Knox Co IL, near Nauvoo. They may have passed through Oswego Co NY where brother Aaron lived. Lucius, Reuben, and Jeremiah 2nd Jr. were all enumerated on the IL 1840 U.S. census. By 1850, part of the group had moved on to near Council Bluffs, Pottawattamie Co IA, but it is not clear what happened to Lucius Augustus. He was not named on the IA 1850 Federal census, but his oldest son was. There is also a record of a child born to him and second wife Rebecca White at Harrison Co IA in 1853. Instead of going on to Utah, Lucius Augustus remained in IA and died in 1857. | Bingham, Lucius Augustus (I2443)
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| 1518 | From The Chetwynds of Ingestre, citation details below: Adam de Chetwynd of Cublesdon, the youngest of the three brothers, was a very weathy man. He was one of those younger sons who, combining the local banker with the country lawyer, had great opportunities of enriching themselves by money-lending or by purchasing bankrupt estates, now and then. In a contemporary deed he is addressed as "Our beloved Clerk." It may have been as a means of improving his security for the repayment of loans that at the Shropshire Assizes in 1272, Robert de Momford, lord of Idsall, publickly acknowledged a debt of 50 marks due to him; Thomas Corbet of Tasley owning to another of 100s. and Robert Bolyter (Botiller) of Wem, another of £10 8s 0d. In that year he was living at Prestwood in the forest of Kinver in Staffordshire, where he was nearly caught in the meshes of the Forest Law. At the pleas of the forest in 1286 a presentment was made by his kingsman John FitzPhilip of Barlaston, the chief forester, that in 1272 Ralph de Wastenays of Tixall and Philip le Barynton of Creighton, hear Uttoxeter, had come into the forest on the Sunday after St Hilary with greyhounds and bows and arrows, and took a hind and a feccon (fawn) of a hind and carried the venison to the house of Adam de Chetwinde, who is now dead (1286). The others did not appear, but Wastnays was arrested by the sheriff and committed to prison till the case could be heard by the freeholders (the Swan-mote), but the final sentence had to be deferred till the judges came round. This was not till fourteen years later, when the offenders were fined 40s and ordered to find sureties. In March, 1274, Adam was the King's Escheator in Cheshire and North Shropshire. During his tenure of office, Ellesmere Castle escheated to the King by the death of Hamo le Strange in the service of the Cross [in Palestine], and Chetwynd was put in charge. The jurors of Pemhill, the Hundred in which Ellesmere was situated, made a presentment that Chetwynd had appropriated 100s worth of timber provided for the building (or repair) of the Caslte and carried it to his own house at Aldredescote. But if Aldredescote is Alscot or Aldrescote in Wrockwardine Hundred, which was another manor of Hamo le Strange, Chetwynd may probably be acquitted of the charge of using timber for his own purposes. In October 1275, he was employed with Roger le Ross in assessing the Fifteenth in Gloucestershire, a tax voted by Parliament; and in March, 1279, he was in a commission with William Bagod and Master Adam de Bobinton, the counsellor, to enquire into the conduct of the sheriff of Staffordshire in compelling persons to take the degree of knighthood. Adam de Chetwynd is usually designated as of Cublesdon, but it is impossible to say exactly what rights he held there. Walter Chetwynd, writing in the latter half of the 17th century, says: "The lord of Cublesdon have ever since the time of Edward I held certain lands within that manor by service of a Knight's fee and £5 of yearly rent, of the Chetwynds of Ingestre, but what lands they are or by whom first granted I have not been able to discover." Cublesdon or Cubleston (now Kibblestone) was a large manor containing a number of hamlets in the parish of Stone. It was held by the Pantulfs, barons of Wem in Shropshire, under Roger Montgomery, Earl of Shrewsbury, soon after the Conquest. One William de Pantulf gave the canons of Stone the tithes, which his predecessors had kept for themselves - for the maintenance of a priest to say mass "in his chapel at Cublesdon"; from which we may infer that the Pantulfs had a manor house there. Pantulf's son, another William, who had an estate at Hales (Sheriff Hales) in Shropshire as well as Cublesdon, died in 1253, leaving a widow, known as "Alyse Lady of Halys," and an only daughter Roesia or Rose, married to William Trussell who was slain at Evesham in 1265. William Trussell, their son and heir, was born in 1261, and was consequently a minor at his father's death, but was of full age when his mother died in 1294, and succeeded to her estates at Cublesdon and Hales. Meantime Chetwynd and his wife Eva may have been in occupation of Cublesdon, holding it of the Lady of Hales. He is found buying estates all round, as Eva did after him. William Trussell took up his residence there afterwards, for he had a park at Cublesdon in the 4th Edward II, when some of the Swinnertons were charged at the assizes with breaking in vi et armis and chasing and taking 20 bucks and does, for which William claimed £100 as damages. The same day they broke into Vivian de Staundon's park at Fenton near Stoke. The Trussells lived at Cublesdon for many generations. Another William was one of the adherents of Thomas Earl of Lancaster, and fled the kingdom, but afterwards returning with Queen Isabel, 20 Edward II, was chosen Speaker of the House of Commons. HIs grandson, Sir William Trussell, "then residing at Cublesdon," was made admiral of the fleet from the mouth of the Thames to Berwick on Tweed, and 16 Edward III was summoned to Parliament as a baron. Another, Sir John, attended the Black Prince at Poictiers, but died the same year at Cublesdon, leaving Margaret, wife of Fulc de Pembruge, his daughter and heir, then only 14 years of age. After which Sir Fulc dying childless, his estate passed to Sir Richard Vernon of Harlaston, who took the name of Pembruge, and after him to Sir William Trussell of Acton Trussell. Though Cublesdon was so long their residence there are no remains of a house, but I think there can be little doubt it stood at the bottom of the valley opposite Kibblestone Hall. . . . Adam Chetwynd also purchased rents at Hilderston in 1278 from Burnel, Bishop of Bath and Wells, for which he paid the bishop 200 silver marks. His son John was mesne-lord of Hilderston in 1284. The Hugfords were his tenants there. It afterwards passed to the Belves (33 Edward III) and from them by a daughter to Sir Robert Sheffield, Knight, Recorder of London, whose son passed to away to Gilbert Gerard, Mater of the Rolls, temp Elizabeth. Adam also bouth lands at Berry Hill and Barlaston - all lying within the compass of a day's walk from Cublesdon - from his kinsman, John FitzPhilip, the chief forester, which he settled on his son John and his heirs, with remainder to his other children in succession. We have seen him purchasing the wardship at Chetwynd, and he had two other wardships at Tixall and Ipstones. Just before his death he appeared in person before Ralph de Hengham, the Chief Justice of England, at Maer, to answer a complaint of Richard de Okeover and his wife that he had unjustly deprived them of a messuage and lands at Ipstones. He proved that the heir was in ward to him and still under age. Chewynd died in the autumn of 1282, for on the 28th December, his widow, Eva de Oswaldestre, appealed to the king at Rhuddlan Castle in North Cymru, where he was holding his first Welsh Parliament, to complain that the sheriff had unjustly deprived her of her rights. Thereupon an enquiry held at Stafford in January, and the jurors found her entitled to the custody of Tixall, Ipstones, Weston, and Chetwynd, for they all had been given her by her husband some time before his death. | de Chetwynd, Adam (I5387)
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| 1519 | From The Chetwynds of Ingestre, citation details below: Reginald de Chetwynd, the son of the first wife, was an acolyte when he was presented to the rectory of Chetwynd, but if I have rightly interpreted the Plea Roll quoted above, he must have been born prior to 1292, and at least six-and-twenty when he was inducted and allowed a year's dispensation to study. An acolyte in the Roman Catholic Church is not necessarily a boy. The term was applied to any young person whose mind was set upon Holy Orders. The practice of conferring livings on youths of even tender age, and allowing them to retire for study afterwards, was not uncommon in Langton's episcopate. We have seen how the elder Reginald surrendered his estate to his cousin in 1318. Five and twenty years later (1344) another fine was enrolled at Westminster between Sir John and his son the parson of Chetwynd. By the first settlement the younger Reginald would become next heir at his father's death, but as a priest he could neither hold land himself nor could his daughter, being held to be illegitimate, though at this time many of the English clergy were married and living with their families in their parsonages, just as their successors do now. A common legal fiction must therefore be devised to ensure the inheritance to his daughter. Accordingly, a suitable match having been first provided for the young lady, and Sir John having recognised his son's right under the former settlement, Reginald granted his estate back to his father for life, with remainder afterwards to Richard, son of Adam de Peshale, and his wife Joan. Thus the priest's daughter is ingeniously kept out of sight, and Sir John's estate, passing direct to Peshale at his death, was saved from the Church, "that great gulf," as Blackstone says, "in which all the property in the kingdom was in danger of being swallowed up." Once more we hear of Reginald when he exchanged livings with John de Downton of Kynnersley in 1351, but he returned to Chetwynd at his death. Captain Symonds describes the monument he saw in 1645--"In the middle of the chancel a flat stone, an ancient cross with floreated staff resting on a lion. On the right side of the cross a circular shield bearing the coat of Chetwynd."  Gough also saw it in 1790, and describes it as "that of a priest entitled to bear arms." The church which Gough saw was a plain brick structure adjoining the house, pulled down a few years ago. | de Chetwynd, Reginald (I2565)
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| 1520 | From The Descendants of William Hartwell, citation details below: Joseph is almost certainly the Joseph Hartwell shown on Capt. Thomas Lawrence's billeting roll in 1758, indicating that he was still in Massachusetts at that time, apparently in the Westford/Groton area, where most of the men in Thomas Lawrence's company resided (NEHGR 50 [1896]: 353). He enlisted 2 May 1758 and served 24 days for a total of 12 shillings pay. Joseph moved to Westmoreland, New Hampshire (HOA), and was in Putney, Vermont as early as 1771, where his name appears on the Vermont 1771 census (PVR 391). He was Highway Surveyor of Putney in 1780, and apparently was a member of Capt. Fish's company in 1781, although this reference gives his residence as 'Townshend' (Soldiers, Sailors and Patriots of the Revolutionary War - Vermont). | Hartwell, Joseph (I33600)
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| 1521 | From The Farwell Family: "He is buried in South Nashua, N. H. At the time of his death the town of Nashua, N. H., was a part of the old township of Dunstable, Mass. When the boundary dispute between Mass. and New Hampshire was settled this change in name was brought about. [...] Joseph Farwell is styled in the Old Dunstable records 'Ensign Farwell.' He was, immediately after his settlement in the town, employed in various offices in the town business. He was selectman in 1701, 2, 5, 7, 10, and also at earlier dates, highway surveyor in 1706, and on important committees in 1702, 7, 12, 16 and 17. In 1710 Ensign Farwell, Thomas Lund and Joseph Blanchard, selectmen, petitioned the Assembly for aid in supporting the ministry, and in 1711 it is recorded that they received £10 from the Assembly towards payment of salary of Mr. Paris. He was 'Ensign' of the Chelmsford Military Co., 1687-1695." From Diana Gale Matthiesen's site, Joseph Farwell's will. [Dated 13 Nov 1711, probated 16 Jan 1722-1723. Sourced to "the Winslow Farr Sr. Family Organization web site". It would seem to prove that Hannah Learned was alive on 13 Nov 1711, rather than dying in 1695 as I previously recorded.] In the Name of the Lord God Amen Joseph Farwell of The town Dunstable in the County of Middefs in the province of the Massachulets Bay in Newengland yeoman being of Sound and Perfect memory praise be given to god for the same yit knowing the uncertainty of this Life on Earth and being Desirous to Settle things in order Do Make and ordain this to be my Last Will and Testament. Hereby Revoking all former Wills by me made and signed to be null and of none Effect icc In Primas My Soule I give unto the hand of allmighty god that gave it in sure and certaine hopes of Eternaul Life through our alone Lord and Saiover Jesus Christ and my body to the Earth from whence it came to be Deceantly Interred at the Discretion of My Executors x hereafter Named and after my funerall expences and the Debts satisfied And Paid What Worldly goods it hath pleased god to Endow me with all I Do give and bequeath in manner as followeth Item I Do: give unto My beloved Wife Hannah Farewell all my moveable goods both within the boufe and abroad of all sorts Whatsoever to be at her disposall for ever excepting one paire of Andirons. Item I do give and bequeath to my Son Oliver ffarewel and to his Heirs executors Administrators for ever the one half of My housings and Lands which I have now in my possession when he shall Attaine to the age of twenty one years allso I do give to him one paire of Andirons: Aflso I do give and bequeath to him my son Oliver Farewell and to his Heirs the other part of all my Houfings and Lands which I have in pofselsion after my Deceafe and after the Deceafe of my Wife Hannah ffarewell if in the meanetime of our Lives he doth take the whole care of us Both And to provide all things comfortable and Necefsary for us both in sickness and in health and to bestow upon us or either of us A decent Burial: Hereby Authorizing and fully Impowering my Beloved wife Hannah If arewel and my son Henry ffarewell to be whole and sole executors Joyntly and Severally of this my Lash Will and Testament In Witness Whereof I have hereunto subscribed as Witness my hand and ieall the thirteenth Day of November Anno Domin one thousand seven hundred and eleven, and in the tenth year of her Majestie's Reighn of E ssigned sealed And published to be the Last will and testament of Joseph I farewell In presence of us Ames Chever Samuel Moody John Meriam. jr. Before signing and sealing it is to be understood that all my other Children both sons and Daughters have Received their full portions of me allready Jofeph farwell Seal | Farwell, Ensign Joseph (I2979)
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| 1522 | From The Friend, volume 69, no. 33, 7 Mar 1896, p. 258: Earliest Friends in America. While engaged upon a family genealogy I have come upon some items relating to very early Friends in this country. I send these to The Friend hoping not only that they will interest its readers, but also that some among them may be able to add to our store of information, and thus help to determine who were the earliest Friends in America. Mary Fisher and Anne Austin landed in Boston in Fifth Month (now Seventh), 1656 and were supposed to have been the first Friends to visit this country. After five weeks of imprisonment they were banished to Barbadoes, without having had any liberty or been allowed to converse with any one except their persecutors. Two days after they sailed for Barbadoes, still prisoners, eight more English Friends landed at Boston, and these also were cast into prison, where they remained for eleven weeks, when they were sent back to London. These are the first Friends of whom history tells us; but that there were Friends in fact if not in name, in the town of Sandwich, Mass., before that time there appears no doubt. In the year 1653 Edward Perry of Sandwich, was married to Mary, daughter of Edmond Freeman, by Friends ceremony. The exact date we do not know, as the leaf upon which it was afterwards recorded in the record book of Sandwich Monthly Meeting, by the clerk (Edward Perry himself), is gone from the book. But this marriage is indexed as the first in those records. The record of the marriage of the sister of Edward Perry to Robert Harper is still to be found in this old book. It reads as follows: "Robert Harper and Deborah Perry took one another in marriage in ye third moneth of ye yeare one thousand six hundred and fiftye and foure: 1654". The wording of this record would indicate that they took each other after the custom of Friends, and that they were not married by either minister or magistrate. | Perry, Deborah (I5007)
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| 1523 | From The Great Migration Begins: "John Hewes arrived in Scituate in 1632. He was a surveyer of highways in 1652 and 1653, constable in 1659. He built a 'small plain palisado house' in Scituate before September 1634, then build a second house in 1636 and sold the first one to John Cooper. (There was another John Hewes, junior to this one, in Scituate, probably the one called 'the Welshman.') "John requested admission 6 Mar 1638 and was addmitted freeman 3 Dec 1639. Hew was surveyer of highways in 1652 and 1653, constable 1659." | Hewes, John (I4859)
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| 1524 | From The Gresleys of Drakelowe by Falconer Madan (Oxford, 1899): [Peter de Gresley] married Johanna, daughter and co-heiress of Sir Robert de Stafford and a lineal descendant of the Toenis. Very shortly after her husband's death, she was forcibly abducted from her manor of Drakelowe, which had been assigned to her by her eldest son, and carried off to Swinnerton by Sir John de Swinnerton and others. There she was detained for a long time, and it is certainly noticeable that we hear nothing of her for some years after this event. Justice was slow, and not till 1321-4 was Sir John brought to trial, when he produced a pardon from the King dated May 25, 1310! However, before 1320 Johanna must have escaped, for she was then the wife of Sir Walter de Montgomery (a connexion of the Swinnertons), who died in 1322 or 1323. The violence of the times can be as well gathered from the following single incident as from a catalogue of crimes. On Sept 23, 1323, Johanna is found abetting her sons Peter and Robert de Gresley in the murder of Sir William de Montgomery, son of her late husband Sir Walter "on the high road under the park of Seal!" Philippa the widow of the murdered man procured the arrest of all three, but they were acquitted! Again in 1333 she was accused of murder and again acquitted. After these records -- and they are only samples -- one is not surprised to hear of her own strong-box being broken into at Drakelowe in 1323-4. At last in or before 1342 her turbulent life is ended. ----- [Note: Rosie Bevan, in reproducing the above passage on SGM, 24 Nov 2002, noted that Madan's death date for Sir Walter de Montgomery is incorrect and that in fact he appears to have been alive when his son William was murdered.] | de Stafford, Joan (I3333)
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| 1525 | From The Hazen Family in America (citation details below): Nothing has been learned of his marriage or death. The name of Samuel Hazen is the first of the family to have been found in New Jersey records. In an old volume at Newton appears this record: "At a court of General Sessions of the Peace held at Hardwick, County of Sussex, on the Third Tuesday in February in the year of our Lord one Thousand seven hundred and fifty five and in the Twenty eighth year of his Majesty's Reign--The King vs. Charles McConnell--Indictment for misdemeanor. The attorney general opened the cause and the following Evidences pro Rege--Mary Robins, Jane Robins, Joshua Robins, Saml. Hazen, Thomas Wolverton." Soon after this date, the names of Thomas and Daniel Hazen appear in the same book of court records, and in 1778 the name of Nathaniel Hazen [son of John]. This corroborates the general tradition among their descendants that three or four brothers came from Connecticut to New Jersey at about the same time. The only known child of Samuel is his son Samuel. | Hazen, Samuel (I34871)
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| 1526 | From The History of the County Palatine and City of Chester by George Ormerod (citation details below), volume 1, pp. 476-77: [Sir Hugh de Dutton] also had the magistracy, or rule and authority, over all the letchers and whores of all Cheshire, granted unto him and his heirs, by John constable of Cheshire and baron of Halton, as freely as the said John held the same of the earl of Chester, saving the right of the said John to him and his heirs; which are the very words of the deed, only rendered by me in English. Lib. C. fol. 154, h. So that he holds it, as it were, under the baron of Halton, who reserves his own right by a special reservation. This privilege over such loose persons was granted first under Roger Lacy constable of Cheshire, under Richard the First, by Randle, surnamed Blundevill, earl of Chester, in memory of his good service done to the earl in raising the siege of the Welsh-men, who had beset the earl in his castle of Rothelent in Flintshire; for the constable having got a promiscuous rabble of such like persons together, and marching towards the said castle, the Welsh, supposing a great army to be coming, raised their siege and fled. So saith the ancient roll of the barons of Halton. Lib. C. fol. 85, b. Monasticon Anglicanum, 2 pars, pag. 187. This roll saith, that rabble consisted of players, fidlers, and shoe-makers. The deed here toucheth letchers and whores. The privilege and custom used at this day by the heirs of Dutton, is over the minstrelsie and common fidlers, none being suffered to play in this county without the licence of the lord of Dutton, who keeps a court at Chester yearly, on Midsomer-day, for the same, where all the licenced minstrels of Cheshire do appear, and renew their licences; so that the custom seems to have been altered to the fidlers, as necessary attendants on revellers in bawdy-houses and taverns. And it is to be observed, that those minstrels which are licensed by the heirs of Dutton of Dutton, within the county-palatine of Chester, or the county of the city of Chester, according to their ancient custom, are exempted out of the statute of rogues, 39 Eliz. cap. 4. | de Dutton, Hugh (I9367)
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| 1527 | From The History of the Descendants of John Dwight (citation details below): He was a farmer and town surveyor and "a man of means," residing at Belchertown, and of a decidedly religious turn of mind, and much given to theological speculation. He left behind him many essays on religious subjects. […] Capt. Justus Dwight was a tory of the negative sort. Although thinking that the hour for colonial revolution and independence must and should one day come, he did not feel that it had arrived when those around him shouted and thundered that it had. Although remaining at home, he hired another to represent him on the battle-fields of strife. | Dwight, Capt. Justus (I18230)
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| 1528 | From The Landis Family of Lancaster County by David Bachman Landis (Lancaster, Pennsylvania, 1888): Hans was a Pietus or Mennonite preacher ... The Council of Zurich, who be it known were not Catholics, but of the Reformed church, ordered Hans' arrest, thus thinking to stop his teachings. But that good man could not be deterred from his sincere convictions, and "he was taken prisoner by his enemies and sent in irons from Zürich to the papists at Zolothurn." After being liberated by the aid of some kind-natured persons, he was again retaken and sent to Zürich, where he was rigorously examined as to his doctrine. In September, 1614, he was beheaded* with a sword, as a true follower of Christ. The authorities, then tried to persuade the common people that Hans was decapitated for his obstinacy towards them, but it remains a fact that he suffered death for religion's sake. It is interesting to know that Hans Landis was the last person to be beheaded for religious convictions in that locality. * The following extract from a letter dated July 19-29, 1659, written by a preacher at Zürich, gives a description of the execution: 'Hans Landis was tall of stature, had a long black beard, a little gray, and a masculine voice. Being led out cheerfully with a rope, to Wolfsstatt, the place of decollation, the executioner, Mr. Paul Volmar, let the rope fall [not, however, before Hans' wife and child came to him with tears in their eyes to bid him a last farewell, after which he entreated them to depart so as not to shake his resolution to meet his fate], raised both hands to heaven, and said: 'O, God of mercy, to thee be it complained, that you, Hans, have fallen into my hands; for God's sake forgive me for what I must do to you,' etc. Hans consoled the executioner, saying: 'I have already forgiven you, may God forgive you also; I am aware that you must execute the sentence of the magistracy; be undismayed, and see that nothing hinders you in this matter,' etc., whereupon he was beheaded. | Landis, Hans (I5130)
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| 1529 | From The Old Families of Salisbury and Amesbury [citation details below]: He recd. "children's land" 1659, meeting house seat 1667; signed petition of `680; "show-shoe man" 1708, etc. | Huntington, John (I5656)
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| 1530 | From The Old Families of Salisbury and Amesbury [citation details below]: William Huntington, "planter," of Salisbury and Amesbury, m. Joanna Bailey. He was commoner and taxed in S., 1650, recd. land in S. 1654; one of the first settlers of A., 1654-5, where he recd. land 1654-64, a "township" for his son, 1660; meeting house seat 1667; freed from training 1670; oath al. Dec, 1677, etc. He d. ab. 1689. Wife Joanna liv. 1662, per. dead in 1663, as Jarrett Haddon and Isaac Colby then testified to her consent to a deed. | Huntington, William (I5664)
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| 1531 | From The Origins of Some Anglo-Norman Families by Lewis C. Lloyd. Charles Travis Clay and David C. Douglas, eds. [Leeds: Harleian Society, 1951]: The family were well-known and extensive under-tenants of the Ferrers earls of Derby, and descended from Ralf [de Bachepuz] who in 1086 held of Henry de Ferrers in Berkshire and Derbyshire. The distance of Bacquepuits from Ferrieres-St-Hilaire, the caput of the Norman barony, is 35 kil., and moreover it was held of the counts of Evreux. On the other hand the count of Evreux received but little land in England at the Conquest, and in 1086 he held lands of small extent in Berkshire and Oxfordshire, on none of which were there enfeoffed under-tenants. In such circumstances it would be natural that a man from Bacquepuits seeking fortune overseas should attach himself to a neighbouring baron who had obtained such vast estates in England as had Henry de Ferrers. When to this is added the fact that no other Bacquepuits is known to exist the provenance may be considered to be reasonably certain. | de Bakepuiz, Ralph (I8742)
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| 1532 | From The Paynes of Virginia (citation details below): [Francis Payne and Susannah Jett] were reared within a half-mile of each other in homes on Muddy Creek, the present boundary between Stafford and King George Counties. The earliest record relating to him is his father's will written 1762, in which it is provided that £4 be spent on on his education. I judge from this provision that he had shown a predilection for some profession or an exceptional intelligence. 1764 suit in Fauquier Co. by John Grant vs. Francis Payne, trespass. In the same year he was on jury in that county. 1768 he was witness for John Smith in Fauquier Co.; some of the grandchildren of these two men intermarried in 1837. 1775 Francis Payne received from Lord Fairfax a lease of 233 acres in the Manor of Leeds, Fq. Co., adjacent to William Payne on branch of South Run, in which were named his wife Susannah and son William. 22 Feb 1779 he was appointed Ensign in Fauquier Co. militia, and served about two years in the Revolution. See Auditor's Journal for 1783, Richmond, Va. 1788 he received a second lease of 90 acres in Lot 212, Manor of Leeds, Fauquier Co., in which were named his sons Presley, Jesse, and Francis. 1792 he was appointed Overseer of the Poor in Fauquier Co., an office that was performed in pre-Revolutionary days by the Vestry. In the same year he was witness for John Jett of Fauquier Co. 1801 he was again made Overseer of the Poor. 1806 he was a member of the group of Overseers of the Poor who sold the glebe of Hamilton Parish, Fq. Co., to Joseph Blackwell; other members were Augustine Jennings, John Grant, James Hunton, George Marshall, James Withers, John Marr, etc. 1816 his administrator was his son Francis. His inventory shows considerable personal property, including ten slaves. | Payne, Francis (I35036)
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| 1533 | From The Scots Peerage, citation details below: ALWIN, first Earl of Lennox, though he is distinctly named in his son's charters as Alwin the elder, Earl of Lennox, is historically a very shadowy personage, but the combined evidence of a contemporary poet and of an ancient Celtic genealogy, without following the latter to its ancient and perhaps mythical beginning, makes it probable that his father was named Muredach, and his grandfather Maldouen. The latter, Mr. Skene goes so far as to suggest, was identical with Meldionneth, son of Machedeth, the 'good and discreet judge,' who, in 1128, aided in settling a dispute as to the bounds of Kirkness. Be this as it may, the evidence, so far as it goes, seems to suggest that the immediate ancestors of Alwin were not only Celtic chiefs but were Mormaors of their own district. So also probably was Alwin before he was made Earl. The date of his creation, if such a ceremony ever took place, can only be presumed, as the evidence is very meagre. One charter by King William the Lion granting the Lennox to his brother David is now accessible, and its date may be stated to be between 1178 and 1182. This writ was unknown to Mr. Skene, and it qualifies his view that David was Earl of Lennox during Malcolm's reign, as the charter conveys the earldom of Lennox ('comitatum de Leuenaus cum omnibus pertinenciis'), thus showing that the earldom bad been already constituted and its limits defined before 1178. But there is evidence that Prince David may have had the earldom earlier, as he grants the churches of Campsie and Altermunin to the monks of Kelso, by a charter which is confirmed by King William about 1177, or perhaps so early as 1173. He may therefore have had an earlier grant of the earldom. It may be noted that Prince David is nowhere styled 'Earl' of Lennox, but his occupancy complicates the difficulty of fixing the date of Alwin's possession as Earl, though it is probable it was not quite so early as 1154, the date usually assigned, while, as stated, it may have been so late as 1185. There are no charters of the first Earl Alwin known to exist in any form, but there can be little doubt that he was Earl for a time, and did grant lands to the church of Kilpatrick, though the date is uncertain. The poem by Muredach Albanach, his contemporary, adds little or nothing to our knowledge of him, except that his chief seat was at Balloch, afterwards a residence of the Earls. It is not known when he died, but it must have been before 1199. He left issue, but the name of his wife is unknown. | of Lennox, Alwin (I28935)
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| 1534 | From The Scots Peerage, citation details below: MALCOLM, fourth Earl of Lennox, It is not known when he succeeded, but it seems probable that he was a minor at his father's death. He styles Earl Maldouen his grandfather in a charter by himself confirming that Earl's grant of Arrochar to Duncan, son of Gilchrist. Earl Malcolm does not appear on record until about 1270, when he presided over the court which tried the claim made by the grandnieces of Dugald, the rector of Kilpatrick. The claimants, on receiving 140 merks from the Abbey of Paisley, renounced their rights in favour of that monastery. On 6 July 1272 he received a grant of free forestry from King Alexander III, giving him exclusive rights of cutting timber or hunting over a considerable tract of land, though the boundaries stated are now not readily to be discovered. Like his predecessors, he was liberal to the Church, and conferred lands and some special privileges and immunities on the monks of Paisley. He took part also in public affairs, and was present in the Parliament of 1284, consenting to the right of the Princess Margaret [the "Maid of Norway" —PNH] to the Crown of Scotland. In 1290, at Birgham, he consented to her marriage with Prince Edward of England. He is said to have died between this and the year 1292, but there are reasons for believing that he survived until several years later, and that it was he who, in 1292, supported the elder Bruce in his claim to the Crown. He it was who had the long controversy with the Abbot and monks of Paisley, who were summoned to the Earl's court on a question affecting their church lands of Kilpatrick. This they deeply resented, and appealed to the Bishop of Glasgow, who, in August 1294, directed the thunder of the Church and threats of excommunication against the recusant Earl, but, so far as appears, without much result, and the matter was still undecided in 1296. The Earl swore fealty to Edward I on 14 March 1295-96, and again on 28 August 1296, and he had a letter from that King on 24 May 1297, requiring him to give obedience to Treasurer Cressingham during the King's absence in France. This Earl is said to have been a friend of Sir William Wallace, and to have entertained him in the Castle of Faslane, but this rests only on the authority of Blind Harry. This Earl grants a good many charters, but they are all without date. He probably died in or about 1303. In 1305 Malcolm, Earl of Lennox, petitioned King Edward I that the 100 merks paid for his relief might be allowed in his ransom and the balance discharged, which suggests that he had then not long succeeded to the earldom, and was paying the usual casualty to the superior. Margaret, Countess of Lennox, in or about September 1303, wrote to the English King desiring aid against John Comyn of Badenoch, then in arms against Edward. It is probable that, as she wrote in her own name, she was then a widow. The name of the fourth Earl's wife was Margaret, but her parentage has not been ascertained. | of Lennox, Malcolm (I28938)
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| 1535 | From The Story of an Old Farm, or, Life in New Jersey in the Eighteenth Century by Andrew D. Mellick, Jr. (Somerville, New Jersey: The Unionist-Gazette, 1889): Edward Slater, another old settler [of Piscataway], seems early to have come to grief; we learn from the town records that he was imprisoned in 1681 for having "uttered very pnishouse and Squerillouse* words Rendering the Government of the province, the Governor and Counsell Odyous in the Eyes and hearts of the people." Judging from the above entry odd rules as to the use of capital letters must have prevailed. Why should eyes have been honored with a capital, while that more important organ, the heart, was forced to beat with a small letter! Slater did not, apparently, remain in durance very long, as in 1683 he was again apprehended on the suspicion of being an escaped criminal from England, and in the same year was presented by the grand jury in an indictment of nine counts, "as a common nuisance and offence." Notwithstanding the tribulations of Edward Slater, by 1685 he seems to have been entirely restored to public favor. In that year he, with Hopewell Hull, John Fitz-Randolph, and others, was appointed one of a committee to superintend the building of a church edifice [...] * TNH conjectures, very plausibly, that these are remarkable spellings of "pernicious" and "scurrilous". | Slater, Edward (I35516)
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| 1536 | From The Winthrop Woman, a historical novel by Anya Seton (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1958): "There's Will now," Elizabeth cried, suddenly catching sight of his tall figure standing at the gate and talking to someone. "Isn't he splendid in that new scarlet coat? I had a time getting the everlasting leather jerkin off him." Anneke laughed. "Bess, you look at your husband, eager as a girl vith her first sveetheart. And at your age, lieveling!" "Aye -- " said Elizabeth breathing deep. Then she added slowly, "Why, he's talking to the young widow Thorne, she seems to be the first arrival." Anneke glanced sideways at her friend, and knowing Elizabeth as she did, sensed a withdrawal, though Elizabeth's face showed nothing. Anneke examined the widow Thorne who was very pretty, had dark curly hair, and a roguish smile. She was demurely droved in black, with a plain white collar. She looked about twenty-five. Anneke had never seen the young woman before and was struck by a resemblance to someone. In a moment she realized to whom. In coloring, and height, in the tilt of the head while laughing up at Will, there was a suggestion of Elizabeth as she had been when Anneke first met her in Watertown over twenty years ago. "Do you see much of this widow Thorne?" asked Anneke, carefully counting the stitches on her needle. "From time to time," said Elizabeth, and went on with some incoherence. "Susannah Thorne lives over in Maspeth with her father Mr. Booth, rather lonely for her, and she comes to visit the girls. The Thornes were Dorset folk so Will and Susannah often reminisce too. I expect she'll marry soon again." "No doubt," said Anneke, knitting fast while she had an uneasy thought. Will Hallet was only thirty-nine, and men of about that age were susceptible. Her Toby was much younger than she, but it did not matter, since romantic passion had never been their bond, and she neither inquired nor cared what he did on his voyages. When Will and Susannah Thorne walked over to them, Anneke favored the pair with a sharp stare. But Will gave his wife his usual warm attentive look, while Susannah cried in sincere pleasure, "Oh, Mrs. Hallet, I'm so glad to see you! What a wonderful day for Hannah's fete!" Elizabeth smiled, and pressed Susannah's hand with extreme cordiality because the thoughts which had just occurred to Anneke, she had already suffered many times; ever since she had first seen the pretty young widow, and the resemblance to her younger self, and Will's unconscious response to it. ----- William Hallet was the third and final husband of Elizabeth Fones, who had previously been married to Henry Winthrop and Robert Feake. After Elizabeth died in 1655, William Hallet married Susanna (Booth) Thorne, as her second husband. The marriage ended in divorce in 1674. | Booth, Susannah (I6821)
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| 1537 | From Van Zee, Babcock, Brooks, Valentine and related families by Valentine Van Zee (citation details below): "RICHARD VALENTINE was most likely a young man between twenty-five and thirty years when he arrived at Hempstead, as one of the earliest settlers. He died there between October 1683 and 1685. Whether or not he was married at the time he arrived cannot be determined by the few remaining records; if not, he would have married soon after. No record has ever surfaced which give us the name of his wife. Over the years her first name has been given as Jane, Mary and Deborah. Some of the confusion may have originated with the census of 1698 which lists the "Widow Valentine as head of household, residing with her is her son Nathan, and a Jane Valentine, (unidentified). Mary, probably stems from the Cheesman connection, see below. The best guess is that her name was DEBORAH; not only is it also presented by earlier researcher, but in addition is a name carried down through subsequent generations. She was still living in 1704/5, when her son, Richard, made certain provisions for her. "It has been suggested that Richard may have been born in Lancashire County, England. Various researchers on the subject have stated he was a lineal descendant of Richard Valentine (Valentyn/Le Valentyn) of the Parish of Eccles, Lancashire, England, a proven ancestor of the New England Valentines. It has been proposed that he came to this country with the Winthrop-Saltonstall party to Watertown, Massachusetts. Said to have settled first at Wethersfield, Hartford County, Connecticut in 1634, from where he joined the New Haven colony and crossed the Long Island sound to Hempstead in 1644. To date no records have been found that substantiate any of these claims." | Valentine, Richard (I1803)
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| 1538 | From VCH Lancaster (citation details below): First [Richard de Torbock] married Margaret, by whom he had three daughters--Emma, Ellen, and Alice, who were minors at his death. Later he repudiated her and espoused Maud de Standish at the door of the church of Ormskirk, having by her a son (perhaps posthumous) named Henry. Both Margaret and Maud survived him and married again, the former to Henry Russell of Chester and the latter to Henry son of Bernard. In 1337 John de Holland claimed from Emma and her sisters, from their feudal guardians the Lathoms, from Margaret 'late wife of Richard de Torbock chivaler,' and others an annual rent of 3s. 4d. from the manor of Tarbock and a robe worth 20s. of the suit of his esquires which he alleged had in 1334 been granted to him by Richard de Torbock. At the same time John de Dutton (or Ditton) claimed from them a rent of 40s. and a robe (with a hood) of the value of 20s. by the year. In 1341 Maud, then wife of Henry son of Bernard, sought dower against Katherine, formerly wife of Robert de Lathom, and Sir Thomas de Lathom, the guardians of the lands and heir of Sir Richard de Torbock, and against Henry Russell and Margaret his wife. The defence was that Maud was never legally married to Richard, and the question being referred to the bishop of Lichfield for inquiry he reported that there was no lawful marriage. Five or six years later there was a contest between Katherine de Lathom and her son Thomas and Henry Russell of Chester as to the custody of the heirs. In the summer of 1344 the daughter Alice had 'entered into religion in the order of the [Gilbertine] nuns at Watton' in the East Riding; while Emma, the eldest daughter, had married Sir William Carles, probably a Shropshire man, and fresh suits were instituted and a settlement of the property made. Henry, son of Maud, put forward his claims about 1363, when he must have been nearly thirty years of age. In November, 1364, Urban V sent his mandate to the archbishop of York to take order touching the case of Henry de Torbock, son of Richard de Torbock, knight, who died intestate, and of Maud, now also deceased, who duly married the said Richard; Henry had been defamed by William Carles, knt., and his wife Emma, who, in order to exclude him from his inheritance, said that he was illegitimate. The prior of Burscough was accordingly delegated to inquire, and at Prescot in July, 1365, declared Henry to be legitimate. At the beginning of 1365 the king directed the rolls to be searched with reference to the former claim by Maud for her dower; and in July sent a statement of Henry's claim to the bishop of Lichfield, commanding him to inquire into the legitimacy of the claimant. In November a further letter was sent by the king to the bishop on the petition of Sir William Carles and his wife Emma. The bishop's reply does not seem to have been preserved; being again directed to make inquiry, in November, 1372, on the following 25 April he certified to the justices at Westminster that upon diligent inquiry it was found that Henry de Torbock was legitimate. In the meantime a decision had been given in the king's court. In 1365 Sir William Carles and Emma his wife complained that Henry de Torbock and others had ousted them from their manor of Tarbock. Henry replied that he was the lawful son and heir and had therefore done no injury or disseisin, for Emma was a bastard and had no right in the manor. The recognitors acquiesced in the above decision that Henry was born in lawful wedlock and was the true and right heir of Richard de Torbock, and accordingly gave judgement that the claim of William and Emma was a false one. | de Torbock, Richard (I15193)
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| 1539 | From VCH Lancaster (citation details below): The marriage arranged for him in infancy [to Margaret de Atherton, sister of Henry de Atherton] did not prove altogether satisfactory; and his wife Margaret afterwards sought maintenance before the bishop of Lichfield, her husband having unlawfully allied himself with Katherine de Cowdray. Katherine was the name of his wife in 1354. [From footnote 30:] He seems to have been violent and lawless in other respects also. His brother Gilbert, who agreed with him as to land in Halsall in 1346, had previously (in 1343) accused him of taking his goods, and though Otes was acquitted of this charge, he was convicted of assault and sent to gaol [...] He was charged with other offences, including that of putting Adam de Barton and his wife in, the stocks at Ormskirk [...] Afterwards, however, he appears to have reformed. He might have pleaded that his neighbours were violent also; he charged John de Cunscough and Adam his son with having set fire to his houses in Halsall. In 1359 he received from Henry duke of Lancaster a grant of free warren in all his demesne lands of Halsall and Renacres, unless they were within the metes of the duke's forest. In 1361 he had from the bishop licence for two years for an oratory. He was a knight of the shire in 1351, and was still living in 1377. | de Halsall, Otes (I35933)
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| 1540 | From a page at www.monmouthhistory.org, no longer online: "Henry H. Seabrook was one of the founders, and served as managing director and treasurer of the Keyport [New Jersey] and Middletown Point Steamboat Company. The Keyport and Middletown Point Steamboat Company was incorporated in 1852 by Mr. Seabrook, DeLafayette Schenck, and Thomas V. Arrowsmith. He also served as Keyport's second Postmaster from 1841-1856. Mr. Seabrook also had other business interests in Keyport." | Seabrook, Henry Hendrickson (I22149)
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| 1541 | From ASF, great-granddaughter, in email: Joseph D Kopsho and his brother Albert ran a movie theater in Denver, starting sometime around 1906. In 1916 they were doing at least one showing on the road, using a car for power. Albert was the projection engineer. The theater appears to have been called the Electric Theater Co. He appears to have been living in Lodge Pole, Nebraska, and visiting his family in Buckingham, CO in 1911. His movements are a little confusing - he's listed as being "of Esmond, Illinois" in 1912. […] They had two children, Lucy and Joe. Joe was born in Denver in 1923. By the 1930's they were in Anaheim, CA. Sometime in the 1940s he went to Stanford as a graduate student in electrical engineering. He was certainly there in 1948, helping to run the radio station. | Kopsho, Joseph David (I31288)
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| 1542 | From Bonnie Johnson, Susanna North Martin: During the first 23 years of her marriage, Susanna's name appears twice in public records. In 1647 or 48 she was fined 20 shillings for an unnamed offense and in 1667 her husband George objected to her seat placement in the meeting house. Perhaps he felt it was below her station. From Wikipedia: In 1669, Susannah was first formally accused of witchcraft by William Sargent, Jr. In turn, George Martin sued Sargent for two counts of slander against Susannah, one for accusing her of being a witch, and another for claiming one of her sons was a bastard and another was her "imp". Martin withdrew the second count, but the Court upheld the accusation of witchcraft. A higher court later dismissed the witchcraft charges. From Bonnie Johnson, op. cit.: George [Martin] was awarded (in what appears to be a public insult) the amount of "a white wampam peague (colonial currency) or the eighth part of a penny damage" by the magistrates. From Kate Murphy, Susannah Martin: At the same time as the first accusations of witchcraft Susannah and her husband were involved in a series of legal battles over her inheritance. In [1667] her father, Richard North, died leaving two daughters, a granddaughter and his second wife to share his sizable estate. To the surprise of Susannah and her sister, they received only a tiny portion while the bulk of the estate passed to his second wife, who died soon after her husband. Susannah's stepmother left the majority of North's estate to his granddaughter, continuing the exclusion of Susannah and her sister. From 1671 to 1674 Susannah's husband and her sister pursued a series of appeals, all of which were ultimately unsuccessful. From Rebecca Beatrice Brooks, Susannah Martin: Accused Witch from Salisbury: [W]ith the death of her husband in 1686, Susannah was left a poor, defenseless widow. When she was accused of witchcraft for the final time in 1692, she had no one to come to her rescue. According to Susannah's arrest warrant, she was accused by the afflicted Salem village girls: Mary Walcott, Abigail Williams, Ann Putnam, Jr., and Mercy Lewis. Since they lived in different villages, it is not known how these girls knew Susannah, but it is possible they heard about her bad reputation from others and made the decision to accuse her. After her arrest in Amesbury on May 2, Susannah was brought to Salem where she was questioned by Judge John Hathorne and Judge Corwin and twice underwent a humiliating physical examination in an effort to find a witch's teet that prosecutors believed witches used to feed their familiars. No such mark was found but the examiner did make a note that "in the morning her nipples were found to be full as if the milk would come," but later in the day "her breasts were slack, as if milk had already been given to someone or something." From Kate Murphy, op. cit.: During the course of her examination and trial 15 of Martin's neighbors accused her of afflicting them through her specter, by pinching them or causing their farm animals to die. The Reverend Cotton Mather believed her to be "one of the most impudent, scurrilous, wicked Creatures in the World." Brave and outspoken, Martin refused to allow her accusers to shake her convictions. Standing in the courtroom, confronted by girls seemingly writhing from "afflictions" they blamed on her, Martin maintained that she only "desire[d] to lead my self according to the word of God." Asked what she then made of the afflicted girls, she courageously suggested that they might be the ones under the devil's influence, reminding the judges that, "He [the devil] that appeared in the sam[e] shape a glorifyed saint can appear in any ones shape." Her vehement denials made no difference; the court only took her defiance as proof of her reprobate character. See also the testimony against her by William Brown (1615-1706) and Jarvis Ring (1658-1728). From Bonnie Johnson, op. cit.: On Tuesday, July 19, 1692 Susanna Martin, Sarah Good, Rebecca Nurse, Sarah Wilde, and Elizabeth Howe were taken from their cells, put into a cart, and driven to Proctor's Ledge. While Rebecca Nurse prayed, Rev. Nicholas Noyes exhorted Sarah Good to confess saying, "You are a witch, and you know you are a witch." She replied, calling him a liar and saying that she was no more a witch than he was a wizard and...if you take away my life, God will give you blood to drink." Tradition says that Rev. Noyes died of an internal hemorrhage, bleeding profusely from the mouth. From David L. Greene, "Salem Witches III: Susanna Martin", citation details below: In 1711, the General Court granted compensation to many of the victims or their heirs, but Susanna's children made no application to the authorities and they received nothing. Susanna was not among those whose attainder was lifted. From John Greenleaf Whittier, "The Witch's Daughter": "Let Goody Martin rest in peace; I never knew her harm a fly, And witch or not, God knows -- not I. "I know who swore her life away; And as God lives, I'd not condemn An Indian dog on word of them." | North, Susanna (I5796)
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| 1543 | From Britannica.com (accessed 11 Sep 2020): Richard Dyer-Bennet, (born October 6, 1913, Leicester, Leicestershire, England—died December 14, 1991, Monterey, Massachusetts, U.S.), British-born American tenor and guitarist who helped to revive the popularity of folk music through his concert performances, recordings, compositions, and teaching. Though born in England, Dyer-Bennet grew up in Canada and California and attended the University of California at Berkeley (1932–35), where he studied English and music. (He became a naturalized U.S. citizen in 1935.) After visiting Swedish folklorist Sven Scholander in 1935, Dyer-Bennet adopted Scholander's trinity of song interpretation—poetry, melody, and lute accompaniment. In 1944, though, he switched to the Spanish guitar and gave the first of what would become annual solo concerts at New York City's Town Hall; the impresario Sol Hurok signed him for national and foreign tours for many years. He gained a cult following with his approximately 800 songs (including about 100 of his own composition) that ranged through British and French ballads, European medieval songs, Swedish shepherd tunes, and American cowboy songs. Curiously, though identified as a folk singer, he preferred the label minstrel or troubadour. Dyer-Bennet stopped giving concerts after a stroke in 1972 limited use of his left hand. From 1970 to 1983 he taught at the State University of New York at Stony Brook. | Dyer-Bennet, Richard (I30258)
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| 1544 | From C. V. Collier, "Documents at Burton Agnes," citation details below: 28 July, 1353. Power of attorney from William de Kelk and Agnes his wife, to Thomas Beaucole, to receive seizin of a messuage and a bovate and a half of land in Great Kelk, and of a toft and a bovate of land in Gemelyng, and a bovate of land in Foston, and of a messuage in Roston and 2 bovates except 7 acres in Killom which had been given them by Richard Spynes of Naffreton, and John, son of John de Louthorpe , chaplain. | Wellwicke, Agnes (I5334)
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| 1545 | From C. V. Collier, "Documents at Burton Agnes," citation details below: Thursday after the Translation of S. Thos., Martyr, 1312. Grant in tail by Roger de Somervyle, Lord of Burton Annays, to Walter de Kelk and Margery his wife, of a plat of turbary and marsh in Burton Annays called Thorneholm Ker, lying in length between the field of Grauncemor called Thornholm, and the head (capud) of Milnebergh towards the north, and in breadth between the...tert'am) of Milneber, and the fields of Little Kelk and Great Kelk as appears by the meets and bounds placed there, and also a plat of meadow called Whithulle, as it lay near the field of Grauncemor called Thorneholm on the west, at a yearly rent of 20s. Power to the grantees to spread (ad spargendam) dry and stack (tassandam) their turves in the said turbury and marsh on the grantor's...(tert'am) of Milneberg. Witnesses -- Sir John de Heselarton, Sir Geoffrey de St Quintin, Sir Robert de Boynton, Kts.; William de Schirburn, John de Schirburn, Teobald de Brigham, Robert de Sywardby, William Mahew of Langtoft, Richard de Lascy, John Hirnyng, Norman de Kernetby, John de Gemelying. | Family F3318
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| 1546 | From Charles Gander (citation details below): It has been reported that David and his brother George walked from the neighborhood of Capon Springs, Virginia (now West Virginia), to Muskingum County, Ohio, in 1827. George, who had migrated to Ohio in 1814, evidently had returned to Virginia to guide his younger brother and his small family to the Ohio frontier. David had been the last of the known male descendants of his grandfather Peter Gander to move from the Valley of Virginia to Ohio. Construction on the National Road in Ohio (now U.S. route 40) had begun only two years earlier. Although all of the roads followed by David on his journey to Zanesville were unpaved and especially difficult when wet, the Ohio segment along Zanes Trace still was only a little better than a path through forests beaten down by men and animals; most fordable streams were unbridged. David had a dog that also accompanied the family to Ohio, but shortly after arriving in Muskingum County, the dog decided to leave. He swam the Ohio River and when he arrived back in the former neighborhood in Virginia, his paws were raw. He was taken over and cared for by one of David's former neighbors. […] In July of 1863, the Confederate forces under General John Morgan made a raid into southern Ohio, advancing the farthest north of any Confederate force during the Civil War. Warned of this raid, David and his youngest son, David Cross, hid almost all of their horses in a bush-covered gully. Two of David's other sons were away serving in the Union Army. The Confederate forces came through the farm, took the one unhidden horse and some food and proceeded further north. The horse was never returned. When about 43 years of age, David was converted (possibly from Baptist or Reformed beliefs) and joined the Methodist Episcopal Church, and is listed as one of the "early members" of the Bethel M.E. Church. | Gander, David (I26011)
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| 1547 | From Charles Gander, citation details below: The first record located on Stephen was in the Hampshire County Personal Property Tax List in which he was taxed for his ownership of one horse. He continued to be taxed for one horse up to 1805, when he acquired a second horse and was taxed 24¢. He was never a slave owner. […] Stephen and his huge family "migrated from Hampshire County to Guernsey County, Ohio, during the late 1820's" according to an article on the history of the Hickle family in The West Virginia Advocate located in the Handley Library in Winchester, Virginia. It might appear that the family had moved west shortly after selling on 2 April 1828, as it is recorded that at that time Stephen and Susannah both "personally appeared" and acknowledged to a Hampshire County Justice of the Peace that they sold their 294 acre farm to Daniel Funkhouser. Perhaps they were only visiting at that time. However, "about 1827" was the date of their migration listed in Wolfe's Stories of Guernsey County, Ohio, and that may be reinforced by the interesting contract in the Gallery with his minister of five years at the Hebron Lutheran Church, drawn up in Guernsey County apparently before 1828. | Hickle, Stephen (I26579)
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| 1548 | From Chris Phillips, Some Corrections and Additions to The Complete Peerage: Alice was a kinswoman of Queen Eleanor, presumably through a descent of her father from the queen's Fiennes cousins [J. C. Parsons, The Court and Household of Eleanor of Castile in 1290 (Toronto, 1977), pp. 48-50]. John and Alice were married by 28 March 1287 [ibid., p. 50, citing P.R.O. SC 1/45/46], and Alice was still living in Easter Term 1309 [M. S. Arnold, ed., Select Cases of Trespass from the King's Court, 1307-1399, vol. 1 (Selden Society 100, 1985), pp. 126, 127]. Alice is one of a group of four "damsels" of the chamber who appear frequently throughout Queen Eleanor's wardrobe account book for 1289-90 and in one entry are described as kinswomen of the queen. That Alice's kinship came through her father is indicated by a reference in 1286 to the lord (dominus) de la Plaunche as a kinsman of the queen [Parsons, loc. cit., p. 50, citing P.R.O. E 101/352/4, m. 4]. A descent from the queen's Fiennes cousins is suggested by the later presence of a family known as "de Fiennes de la Plaunche" in the Boulonnais, bearing arms similar to those of the Fiennes family. | de la Plaunche, Alice (I2387)
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| 1549 | From Donald Lines Jacobus, "The Four Spencer Brothers -- Their Ancestors and Descendants" (citation details below): Michael(1) Spencer, baptized at Stotfold, Beds, England, 5 May 1611, died at Lynn, Mass., in 1653; married Isabel ______, who died at Salem, Mass., 9 Oct 1674, having married second, Thomas Robbins, a carpenter, of Salem, born about 1618, living 1681. Robbins married second, 11 Mar 1674/5, Mary (Gould), widow of Richard Bishop. Michael is the only one of the four brothers of whose family we lack a complete account. Administration on his estate was granted, 29 Nov 1653, to Gerard Spencer, who was also then living in Lynn, and Gerard was called his brother when he brought in the inventory. The estate was small and was ordered sold "for the bringing up of Michael's children." On 30 Nov 1654 we read that Thomas Robbins of Salem had some of the estate and, with the consent of Gerard Spencer, was to keep it, as Robbins had a child of the deceased to bring up, Michael, aged six years. This is almost certain evidence that Michael's widow had married Robbins, especially as in 1657 she is mentioned as having a young son. It is possible that Isabel was not the first wife of Michael Spencer, and that he had more children than have been discovered. His proved son Michael settled in East Greenwich, R.I., where a John Spencer had earlier settled. That, and the fact that John named a son Michael, establishes a presumption that John was an older son of Michael of Lynn. There is, moreover, some direct evidence. The will of Michael(2) of East Greenwich in 1723 named his friend and kinsman Major Thomas Fry and Thomas Spencer overseers. The latter was a son of John(2), and obviously chosen because he was a relative. Major Thomas Fry was a prominent man, later Deputy-Governor. Michael Spencer witnessed a deed, 11 Mar 1688/9, which this Thomas Fry of East Greenwich had from his father, Thomas Fry, Sr. On 14 July 1710, Thomas Fry deeded to his "cousin" John Spencer, for love, 13 1/2 rods for a burial place. This was John(3) Spencer Jr., son of John(2). It thus appears that both Spencer families of East Greenwich, those of John and Michael, were related in some way to Thomas Fry. The notion that John Spencer of East Greenwich was nephew of John Spencer of Newbury has already been considered and dismissed as false in the first chapter of our account. We conclude that John was son of Michael(1). | Spencer, Michael (I2931)
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| 1550 | From Donald Lines Jacobus, "The Four Spencer Brothers -- Their Ancestors and Descendants," citation details below: The recorder in entering the burial of Ann Spencer, widow, paid her respect by the following tribute: "the good hospitality keeper; and she did give to the towneship of Edworth ii of her best bease [beasts] to be lett to ii pore folks in the towns for iii s. a cow & the parson & churchwarden to have the letting of them & the distributing of the money to the poor & to se the stock maintained etch of them to have iii d. of the vi s. for the panes to se this truly done acording to her last will." Her will, dated 13 June 1560, proved 21 Apr 1561, calls her Widow, in Edworth, Beds., and names her son Gerard (aged 17); son Michael, to have the chest that was his brother John's; John Spencer, son Michael's child, to have £20; Elisabeth Lymer, to have £4 at marriage; Alice Aystin, to have a calf; servants; for the mending of "London Brygge waye," 10 s.; brother Edward's children, to have the £1 that he borrowed of her, and the barley he gave her sons to his children; Nicholas Merryll and John Merryll his brother, to have the barley their father gave her sons; and the poor of Edworth, to have the gift already mentioned. Michael Spencer was a witness. From this will we gain the impression that our Spencer family at that period was of the yeoman class, and somewhat better off than the average village family of the time and place. Whether they were in origin a younger branch of an older gentry family, or a more humble clan which by industry and good fortune had improved its lot, we are not in a position to affirm. It would be necessary to prove the parentage and more remote ancestry of John Spencer, Sr., by documentary evidence, before claiming any specific connection with any other Spencer family in England. From the terms of the will, it would seem that Anne's brother was Edward Merryll or Merrill, and that this was her maiden name. A search of Merrill wills might confirm this conjecture. | Clark, Anne (I936)
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| 1551 | From Edythe Alma (Pearsall) Palmer (citation details below): Your great grandmother [Carolyn Green] […] I only knew her for a few months when we lived with her and grandpa Mead in their Albion MI apartment. She had dimples, a giggle, and pretty blue eyes. She was a professional baker as per her photo (in 1896) from a Detroit baker's convention. When she and her future husband attended the same school, she became quite upset when this hulking fellow kept annoying her by untying her blue sash, right in school! And of course, until very recently, no one really knew that she had been an orphan, and was adopted by an elder sister's husband, after her father Captain John Green, was killed in the Civil War. (I have his photo.) Her mother was already gone. Upon her adoption her name changed from Green to Lansing, and upon her marriage to Edwin Mead, she became Caroline Green Lansing Mead. There is much information about the Lansings in Lansing, MI, state archives. | Green, Carolyn (I27682)
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| 1552 | From Floyd County, Kentucky Circuit Court Records 1808-1824, on familysearch.org Circuit Court Book C p. 309: 1819-July 21: Ruth Ford, wife of Joseph Ford. By evidence of several witnesses at an inquest held July 21, 1819 on the Public Square at Prestonburg: Ruth Ford is about 50 years of age and has been for about 15 years a lunatic which we supposed to have been occasioned by trouble from the case of two of her children and that she has very few lucid intervals and that she has from a fall from a horse been a cripple in one of her legs for the last three years--that she has no property real or personal...except that of her husband's land...property value not to exceed $20. He is upwards of 50 years old...and pays no attention to said Ruthe Forde his wife's support. Ruth Ford is allowed $25 per quarter for one year. | Phillips, Ruth (I34807)
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| 1553 | From his Find a Grave page: He bought land in Hartford in the colony of Connecticut in 1708 from John Butler. He was one of the most prominent sea captains in Hartford. On May 30, 1741, during one of his voyages, he was taken prisoner by the Spanish, being held prisoner for almost a year at Crokus before he was released and returned home. His last voyage took place when the colonies and Capt. Jonas sailed his sloop Rebeckah on the Cape Breton expedition. In his will which was written before the voyage, he committed his "body to the grave either in the land or sea…" and it was during the voyage that he died in about 1745. From A Digest of the Early Connecticut Probate Records (citation details below), volume 3, page 562: Gross, Capt. Jonah, Hartford. No inventory found. Will not dated. I, Jonah Gross of Hartford, do make this my last will and testament, hereby revoking all former wills by me made and done: First, recom mending my soul unto the hands of God, and my body to the grave either in the land or sea, hoping for the pardon of all my sins through ye merits of Jesus Christ, not doubting of the resurection of my body on the last day, and touching my worldly goods God has given me: First and prin cipally, I give my well-beloved wife Susannah Gross my house and land in Hartford, to be to her and her heirs and assigns forever, she paying my just debts and legacies. And also I give to my sd. wife my interest in the sloop Rebeckah, and all my moveable estate of what kind soever, to be to her and her heirs forever. I give to each of my children, Samuel, Susan nah, Lucretia, Rebeckah and Lorenzo, each of them 20 shillings money, to be paid them by my wife. It is my will that my wife do her best en deavor to bring up my children until they arrive to be able to shift well and get a living for themselves. And I do hereby constitute and appoint my wife Susannah Gross to be sole executrix to this my last will and testa ment. As witness my hand and seal this day. JONAH GROSS, LS. Signed, sealed, delivered, published and declared by Capt. Jonah Gross to be his last will, before us: John Austin, Abigail Howard, Ruth Howard. Court Record, Page 1 — 3 December, 1745: The last will and testament of Capt. Jonah Gross, late of Hartford, was now exhibited by Susannah Gross, widow and executrix. Will proven. Page 5 — 26 February, 1745-6: Lorenzo Gross, a minor, 16 years of age, son of Capt. Jonah Gross decd, (at Cape Breton), now before this Court made choice of his mother Susannah Gross to be his guardian. Recog., £500. | Gross, Capt. Jonah (I30446)
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| 1554 | From his Find a Grave page [citation details below]: He was a private in Captain Wood's Company, Colonel Hubbard's Massachusetts Regiment and was transferred in December 1775 to Captain Gridley's Company, Colonel Gridley's Regiment of Artillery. He served for eight months. He then enlisted in the spring of 1776 in Lyman, ME and served four months as a private in Captain Wells' Company which was in the regiment led by Colonel Francis of Massachusetts. His pension was granted based on this service on 7 Aug. 1832 | Evans, Benjamin (I26822)
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| 1555 | From his obituary in the Washington Post (citation details below): Dr. van Gigch came to Washington in 1963 as an economist with the Organization for American States. He joined the World Bank in 1968 and was a manager in the West Africa region before leading the Latin American agricultural sector. He was the World Bank's country manager in Bangladesh from 1986 to 1989. He retired in 1990. Francis Santiago van Gigch was born in Buenos Aires and graduated from the University of Buenos Aires in 1956 with a bachelor's degree in agricultural engineering. He received master's and doctoral degrees in agricultural economics from Michigan State University in 1960 and 1968, respectively. Dr. van Gigch lived in Fairfax County before retiring to Savannah, Ga., and later to Delray Beach. He won many senior-level tennis championships. From his obituary in the Palm Beach Post: His last post was as Chief of Mission of the Bank in Dhaka, Bangladesh with the rank of Ambassador. After retirement, he lived fifteen years in Savannah, Georgia where he became the diocesan representative to the Episcopal Relief and Development Agency. He also played USTA tennis at the local, state, regional and national level. On the tennis court, he was known as both a keen competitor and true gentleman. After moving to Florida he competed briefly until illness prevented his playing. He also tutored students in French and Spanish at "Paul's Place," an after-school program for at-risk students. | Levy van Gigch, Francis Santiago (I9198)
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| 1556 | From Jacobus, The Bulkeley Genealogy: "Mr. Anthony Irby was first cousin of Olive Irby, the wife of Rev. Edward Bulkeley, and mother of Rev. Peter Bulkeley. Mr. Irby's wife, Alice Welby, was sister of Richard Welby who was married at Whaplode in 1595 to Frances Bulkeley, daughter of Edward and Olive and sister of Peter. Hence, Peter Bulkeley not only was cousin of the Irbys of Whaplode, but his brother—in-law (Richard Welby) was brother of Mrs. Anthony Irby, the wife of the head of that house. "Mr. Irby studied law, was a member of Lincoln's Inn, and was admitted to the bar, 10 Feb. 1577/8. He represented Boston, co. Lincoln, in Parliament three times during Elizabeth's reign, and in 1603 (1 James I), and was one of the Masters in Chancery in the reign of King James I. "It has been foolishly asserted in Thompson's History of Boston, in Collins' Peerage, and other works, that he purchased the manors of Moulton, Fitzwalter and Medietas Dominorum from Robert Radcliffe (Lord Fitzwalter and Earl of Sussex) on 13 Oct. 1538. This date was at least several years before he was born. The purchase could apply to his grandfather Anthony Irby (died 1552), but it seems quite evident that the Moulton lordship came by inheritance through the later Anthony's mother from the Serjeant family." [Note that in fact Alice Welby was Richard Welby's half-sister, not sister, a fact unavailable to Jacobus when The Bulkeley Genealogy was written.] | Irby, Anthony (I12294)
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| 1557 | From Jesse Adams's application for a Revolutionary War pension, 20 Sep 1832: "[S]tates he was mustered into service at Kingston in the state of North Carolina under Capt John Whitley and Matthew Crellars Lieutenant under Col Wm Caswell and marched monks corner in South Carolina thence to the White Cliffs in view of Augusta and down through Augusta and down near the mpouth of Briar Creek in pursuit of the British and when they got there they had taken up the bridge and that our enemy was stationed between Briar Creek and the Savannah River until the British army marched -- and marched around and came down on the back of our troops; that he was sick at the time of the battle of Briar creek and was not at the same -- he then returned home to Franklin co North Carolina 1781." From the Hammonds Family Tree page: "In 1769 there is a record of deed of land in Bute Co., N.C. (Also shows deeds in 1774 and 1777 where he sold land.) Jesse Adams served in the Revolutionary War. He applied for a pension in 1832 while living in Humphreys Co., TN. In 1810 he is in the Nash Co., NC census. He moved that same year and is in the Smith Co., Tn census. In 1820 they are still in Smith Co. "They then moved to Humphreys Co., TN shortly after that because Jesse Hammonds and his wife Martha Mourning Adams married there in 1823. Jesse Adams died in Humphreys Co., TN on Dec 6, 1835, he was 82 years old! Nancy Alice (Nica) continued to live there until some of her children along with Jesse and Mourning moved to Gibson Co. around 1850. She then lived with some of her children. They had 12 children and they migrated through TN, KY, GA, AL." Note that Bute County, North Carolina was carved out of Granville County in 1764. | Adams, Jesse (I7275)
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| 1558 | From John Thomas Bullock (citation details below): Stephen was well acquainted with the Indian language and was often employed as an interpreter. He served in King Phillip's War in 1675/6 at the time of the Great Swamp Fight, and was one of the soldiers who shared in the Voluntown grant made by the State in 1696. He was probably the Quartermaster for the Connecticut troops. On May 18, 1676, the Colonial Council authorized him to sell arms in his possession in part payment for his services. Minor's Diary, December 15, 1675, says: "Coneticut Annie Set forth from mr. Richardsons," and June, 1676, "Thursday, the 15. wee were to meet all the soldiers at steeven Richardsons house." Stephen was made a freeman in 1679. […] According to Richard Anson Wheeler, in his book History of the Town of Stonington, County of New London, Connecticut, in 1687 Stephen was elected to and held the office of Representative under the Charter Of King George II, as his father did before him and his son after him. Nile's History is the authority for the statement that on July, 1689, "Mr. Stephen Richardson shot dead on the spot one William Trimming, a notorious English decoy in the service of the French privateers." Trimming had secreted himself in a house on Fisher's Island, and Richardson, with sixteen other men, went there to capture him. He was censured by some for his action, as they wanted to take him alive. | Richardson, Stephen (I30131)
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| 1559 | From Leo van de Pas: Béla was born about 1016, the third son of Vazul (Basil) 'the Blind' of Hungary, and younger brother of András I, who was crowned king after the Vatha pagan rising. In 1048 András conferred on Béla one third of Hungary as appanage ('Tercia pars Regni'), making him Duke of the Nitrian Frontier duchy, with Nitra its capital, and which included the southern Slovakian Nitrian principality and the north-eastern historic Hungarian Bihar region (not identical to the later Bihar). The two brothers shared power without incident until 1053, when András fathered a son Salomon. Thereafter András became determined to secure the throne for his son and to displace his brother. András therefore had Salomon, Béla's nephew, crowned future king in 1057. According to legend, András placed before Béla a crown and a sword, representing royal and ducal power, respectively, and asked Béla to take his choice. Knowing that choosing the crown would mean his life, Béla instead selected the sword. In 1059 Béla fled to Poland where he was received by his brother-in-law Kazimierz I Karol, king of Poland, brother of Béla's wife Richeza. Béla and Richeza had eight children, of whom five would have progeny, and two, Geisa I and Lászlo I, would be kings of Hungary. In 1060 Béla returned to Hungary and defeated András I to become the new king. After András' death, Béla was crowned king on 6 December 1060. During his brief reign he concerned himself with crushing pagan revolts in his kingdom. In 1063 Béla died in an accident when his throne's canopy collapsed. After his death the Holy Roman Emperor Heinrich IV installed András I's son Salomon as the new king, and Belá's sons had to flee to Poland again. | Béla I King of Hungary (I850)
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| 1560 | From Leo van de Pas: Gerberge was the wife of Heinrich von Schweinfurt, Markgraf auf der Nordgau. According to the chronicle of Thietmar von Merseburg, Gerberge was the sister of an otherwise unidentified Otto, and that is evidently the slender thread on which various authors have tried to base her ancestry. The statement that she was the daughter of Heribert, Graf im Kinziggau, assumes that this Otto was Otto von Hammerstein (a plausible, but unproven, conjecture), and other guesses as to the identity of this Otto can lead to other guesses for her parentage. "Unknown" would appear to be the safest choice. | Gerberge (I5044)
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| 1561 | From Leo van de Pas: Harald was only fifteen when he fought beside his half-brother at the battle of Stiklestad. He fled from Norway to Gardariket (Russia) then travelled on to Constantinople, known to the Vikings as Miklagard, where he served in the emperor's personal guard. In 1034 he returned to the Nordic countries a wealthy man. He gave some of his wealth to King Magnus, and as a reward he was given part of Norway. In 1047 when Magnus died, Harald became king of both Norway and Denmark. However in 1064, after numerous battles, he had to part with Denmark. In trying to make the Norwegian Church more independent from the archbishop of Bremen, Harald allowed his bishops to be ordained in England and France. From Harald's time both the Orkneys and Hjaltland were ruled from Norway. After the death of the English King Edward 'the Confessor', Harald raided England but he was beaten by Edward's successor King Harold II and died in the Battle of Stamford Bridge on 25 September 1066. | Hardrada, Harald King of Norway (I25472)
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| 1562 | From Leo van de Pas: Mahaut was born in the mid to late 1160s, the only child of Archambaud VIII de Bourbon and Alix 'Ducissa' de Bourgogne. Her father, the heir apparent to Bourbon, died in 1169 without ever inheriting the lordship. Her grandfather Archambaud VII, sire de Bourbon, died in 1173. Since Mahaut was his only surviving grandchild, she inherited Bourbon in her own right. Before 1183 Mahaut married Gaucher IV de Vienne, sire de Salins et de Bracon, son of Gérard I, comte de Mâcon et de Vienne, and Guyonne de Salins. After he returned from the Third Crusade, they frequently quarrelled. In the end he became violent and had her locked up. She fled to her grandmother's estate in Champagne. During her escape she allegedly also used violence, and for this she was excommunicated by Archbishop Henri de Sully of Bourges. After she arrived in Champagne, she asked Pope Celestine III for a divorce from her husband, arguing that Gaucher IV and she were close relatives and that the marriage therefore had been inadmissible. The pope charged the bishops of Autun and Troyes and the abbot of Monthiers-en-Argonne with investigating her claim. These men found that Mahaut and her husband were third cousins, as they were both great-great-grandchildren of Guillaume I, comte de Bourgogne, and that therefore her claim that they were too closely related was justified. The pope granted the divorce and also lifted the excommunication. Mahaut and Gaucher had a daughter Marguerite who became the second wife of Guillaume I, comte de Forcalquier, and then married Josserand, sire de Brancion, but did not have progeny. In September 1196, only a few months after her divorce, Mahaut married Guy II de Dampierre, seigneur de Montluçon, son of Guillaume I de Dampierre and Ermengarde (Basilie) de Mouchy. Thus the Bourbonnais fell to the house of Dampierre. Mahaut and Guy had six children, of whom Archambaud VIII, Guillaume, Philippe (Mahaut) and Marie would have progeny. The marriage lasted 20 years, Guy dying in 1216. Mahaut died on 18 June 1228, twelve years after her husband. After her death, her daughter Marguerite from her first marriage claimed the lordship of Bourbon. Guy had initially recognised Marguerite as heir to Bourbon, but he later claimed the lordship for his oldest son Archambaud VIII. In the end Archambaud prevailed. | de Bourbon, Mahaut I (I12874)
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| 1563 | From Leo van de Pas: Ratpoto I was a count in the Upper Traun valley (Traungau). His years of birth and death are not recorded. In 977 he received properties through the Church in Salzburg and he is mentioned on 1 October that year. His holdings were confirmed by Emperor Otto III on 8 October 984. He was the founder of the house of Ratponids (Ratpotonen). Little is recorded about his life. The Ratponids were counts in the Traungau and Nordgau, related to many noble families of southeastern Germany, including the house of Hohenstaufen, of the Welfs and of Zähringen. The Ratponids were among the most powerful and influential families in the Holy Roman Empire through the 11th and until the mid-12th centuries. They owed their rise above all to the Salian emperors. Their power started to wane with the transfer of imperial authority to the Hohenstaufen. | Ratpoto I (I5815)
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| 1564 | From Leo van de Pas: Robert, lord of Béthune in the historic land of Artois, is the progenitor of the house of Béthune. He lived at the turn of the 10th and 11th centuries. By the year 1000 Dominus Robertus Faisceuls Bethuniae founded the church of Saint-Barthélemy in Béthune. This is the only historical reference to him. His son Robert II confirmed the foundation a few years later. Robert's nickname 'Fasciculus' is derived from 'fasces', a bundle of rods containing an axe, borne before Roman magistrates as an emblem of power, in this case as a law-speaking patron (advocate) of the abbey of Saint-Vaast at Arras. However, only his descendants were established in this position as of right. | Fasciculus, Robert I (I24773)
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| 1565 | From Leo van de Pas: Tancred was born in 1135, the illegitimate son of Roger, duke of Apulia, and Bianca di Lecce, daughter of Accardo, conte di Lecce. He inherited the title of 'Count of Lecce' from his grandfather, and is consequently often referred to as Tancred of Lecce. He was crowned king of Sicily in January 1190 in succession to Guglielmo II who had died the previous year. He was supported by the chancellor Matteo d'Ajello and the official class, while the rival claims or Roger II's daughter Costanza and her husband Heinrich VI, king of the Romans, were supported by most of the nobles. Tancred was a good soldier, though his tiny stature earns from Peter of Eboli the nickname 'Tancredulus.' But he was ill-supported in his task of maintaining the Norman kingdom, faced with general apathy and threatened by a baronial revolt, and in addition, Richard 'the Lionheart', at Messina in 1190, threatened him with war. Heinrich VI, skilfully winning over Pisa, Genoa and the Roman Commune, isolated Tancred and intimidated Pope Celestine III, who on 14 April 1191 crowned him Holy Roman Emperor in Rome. However Heinrich failed to capture Naples in August and retired north, leaving garrisons along the frontier of the Regno. Tancred now sought to win over the towns by extensive grants of privileges, and at Gravina (in June 1192) he was recognised by the pope, whose ineffectual support he gained by surrendering the royal legateship over Sicily. In 1192 and 1193 he commanded personally and with success against the Apulian barons, but his death at Palermo (on 20 February 1194) a few days after that of Roger, his son and joint-king, made Heinrich's path clear. Tancred's wife Sibilla d'Aquino maintained a regency for her second son Guglielmo III, but on Heinrich's final descent, Naples surrendered almost without a blow in May 1194, and the rest of the Regno followed. Sibilla and the loyal Margarito of Brindisi, the great admiral of Sicily, prepared to defend Palermo, but the citizens admitted the emperor on 20 November 1194. Tancred's family, and Margarito, fell into Heinrich's hands. Claiming that a conspiracy on behalf of Guglielmo had been detected, he had the young Guglielmo blinded and castrated while all those nobles present at Tancred's coronation were burnt alive. Guglielmo seems to have died in Germany in 1198. Tancred and Sibilla had a daughter usually called Elvira or Albiria, who married Gauthier III de Brienne, prince of Tarente, comte de Brienne. At the time of their marriage, she and her family were exiles in France, trying to find allies to reclaim the kingdom of Sicily from the young King Fadrique (the future Friedrich II, Holy Roman Emperor). Their son Gauthier IV would have progeny to continue the line of counts of Brienne. | Tancred King of Sicily (I28849)
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| 1566 | From Leo van de Pas: The first members of the Roquefeuil family appear around 900, and can be traced to the counts of Barcelona, who ascended to the throne of Aragón. In this era the family owned extensive lands in the department of Aveyron, Gard and Hérault in the Languedoc region of the south of France, and its men referred to themselves as barons de Roquefeuil and vicomtes de Creyssels. _Le Spicilège_ of Charles-Louis Montesquieu refers to a Roquefeuil who was an important figure in the time of Hugues Capet. Under a codicil of 21 February 1002, Henri de Roquefeuil founded the hospital of Notre Dame du Bonheur on the mountain of l'Espérou. In 1032 Séguin de Roquefeuil gave to the abbey of Saint-Guilhem-du-désert, diocese of Lodève, extensive lands in the counties of Lodève and the Rouergue. In 1080 Raymond de Roquefeuil made a large donation to the same abbey. This first house of Roquefeuil continued until Geoffroy de Roquefeuil, who had a daughter Adelais but no male heirs. About 1150 Adelais married Bertrand d'Anduze, sire d'Anduze, seigneur d'Alais, son of Bernard IV d'Anduze, sire d'Anduze, de Leques, de Portes. A condition of the marriage was that the children born of it would in perpetuity carry the name and arms of Roquefeuil. Adelais and Bernard had two sons, Bernard VI and Raymond I, both of whom would have progeny. The elder son Bernard continued the line of Anduze, while the second son Raymond inherited from his mother and founded the second house of Roquefeuil. The Anduze were a powerful dynasty established in the Cévennes. It was probably a branch of the house of the counts of Toulouse. Like the Anduze, their cousins the Roquefeuil struck their own coins in the mint works of Sommières around 1236. The related branch of the Roccaful served the kings of Aragón and participated in the 'Reconquista' of the Spanish against the Moors. | de Roquefeuil, Adelais (I12669)
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| 1567 | From Leo van de Pas: The oldest representative of the house of Arpajon, one of the great families of Rouergue in the Middle Ages, was Bernard I d'Arpajon et Calmont-Plantcage, a younger son of Hugues I, vicomte de Lodève, comte de Rodez, and Ermengarde de Creissels. He is mentioned in the cartulary from 1200 of the abbey of Bonnecombe, to which he made several donations, and which was in the jurisdiction of his brother Hugues comes Arpajon, bishop of Rodez. He is also mentioned in the agreement reached near Capdenac in 1180 between Raymond VI, comte de Toulouse, and Pierre, abbot of Aurillac. In 1170 Bernard confirmed the donation made by his mother Ermengarde to the monastery of Nonenque. He was present at the investiture of his father Hugues as Count of Rodez, and the mortgaging of several castles in 1208 to Raymond VII, comte de Toulouse. | d'Arpajon et Calmont-Planteage, Bernard I (I12694)
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| 1568 | From Ormerod's History of Cheshire: Hamon Massey, the first baron of Dunham-Massey, held the towns of Dunham, Bowdon, Hale, Ashley and half of Owlarton, in Bucklow Hundred, under Hugh Lupus, earl of Cheshire, in the reign of William the Conqueror; all which one Edward held formerly, as appears in the Doomsday Book. This Hamon also had Maxfield Hundred, Bronhale and Podinton in Wirrhall Huncred, at the same time, and other lands. He also had a son, also named Hamon, who was his son and heir, and a second son named Robert Massey who witnessed the first Randle's charter of confirmation to the abby of St. Werburge in Cheshire, about 1124. | de Massey, Hamon (I7133)
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| 1569 | From Patrick Foley (citation details below): Oldest child of John Foley and Honora Fleming Foley, John Joseph ("Jack") Foley lived in San Jose most of his life. He was baptized John Foley at St. Joseph's Church on July 29, 1871, with William Foley and Bridget Dempsey as his godparents. He attended Catholic schools--a convent school at San Fernando and San Pedro streets and "St Joseph's College," apparently a high school in Santa Clara. In 1889, at age 18, he was no longer in school, but worked as a teamster and lived at home. The following year he was listed in the city directory as a "laborer." He apparently found this style of life unsatisfactory, for he moved to Oakland, where in 1892 he lived at 567 Eighth Street and worked as a clerk with P. J. Flynn. In 1893 he was a salesman with T. M. O'Halloran & Co., and in 1894 he was a clerk with James A. Joyce. By 1897 he had moved to a building at 855 Washington known as the "Clarendon." He remained at this address, and at his employment with Joyce, until 1899. In that year or the next he left Oakland. He was married to a Miss Jewett during this period, but for unknown reasons the marriage terminated. He returned to San Jose where, in 1898, he went to work for Leopold Hart, owner of a "corner cash store" at Market and Santa Clara streets--an association which was to be lifelong. He married Bessie Yagle. | Foley, John Joseph "Jack" (I31234)
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| 1570 | From Skillington et al., citation details below: Emett, whose brother, William Welle, was in holy orders, belonged to the old school of churchmanship; she not only left the customary fourpence to Lincoln Cathedral and to her local church, but she endowed a mass and left other money to Cossington church. It is not difficult to picture the day of her funeral: family and friends were early at church for the dirge and mass that preceded the burial and then went home for breakfast. After the meal a little party of relatives and neighbours went through the three rooms of the house valuing its austere equipment, and out onto the land to price the stock and implements. Then they would return to the house, gather round the table again, the one among them who could write occupying the only chair, and so make out the inventory. | Welle, Emett (I17761)
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| 1571 | From Skillington et al., citation details below: John Webster III, whose domestic life was punctuated by a pathetic succession of lyings in and layings out, appears to have married shortly after his grandmother's death. His bride, Isabel, died in childbed within a year and he married again very soon, for another babe was laid in the churchyard before sixteen months were out. In those days, when no man could run a farm or a business without a helpmeet, he would not be accused of inconstancy. He prospered in business; the accounts show that he ranked extra land and that he was taxed quite highly for parish purposes. He became, after the squire and the parson, a leading man in the village; in fact, his name appears next after theirs in the articles of agreement made in 1585. It is interesting to note that these rules, that were "to conynew for ever," were drawn up at a time when England was in greater peril than she was ever to be again until 1940. | Webster, John (I17755)
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| 1572 | From Skillington et al., citation details below: [William Webster's] eldest son, John, took up his freedom in 1509/10, when he would probably be in his early twenties. He paid the Lay Subsidy in Syston in 1524 and his name appears on the Musters there in 1540. John Webster I became tenant, under the priory of Ulverscroft, co. Leicester, of a farm in Cossington about 1535, and in 1544 he went to law about it. His opponents, Thomas Chamberlain and William Chamberlain, were probably his friends, who joined him in a collusive suit to secure his title. It is significant that Thomas Chamberlain and William Chamberlain were witnesses to the will of Emett Webster, John's widow. In 1554 John bought this house and farm, where he had lived for some years. His name appears twice in the churchwardens' accounts: in 1545 he paid rent for a piece of land (a butte) and in 1549 he held the office of churchwarden. | Webster, John (I17759)
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| 1573 | From Stott, "The Higginson Family" (citation details below): He was baptized at St. Giles Cripplegate, London, 25 October 1565, the son of "Mr. Overton," as recorded in the parish register. Valentine's father was likely a near relative of Bishop William Overton, who presented Valentine with positions within his diocese. [...] Valentine matriculated at Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 17 November 1581, at the age of 16. He received a B.A. 30 March 1587 and M.A. 9 July 1590. He was installed prebendary of Tarvin, Cheshire, by William Overton, Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield, on 31 October 1592. He was installed vicar of Bedworth, Warwickshire, by Bishop Overton on 5 July 1600. Valentine held this position until his death. He was also Archdeacon of Derby from 1603 to 1617. During Britain's Civil War, he was one of thirty Puritan ministers who took refuge in the city of Coventry to escape Royalist persecution. He was described by his son-in-law, Rev. Samuel Clark, as "a constant, and painful Preacher of God's Holy Word." Clark described Isabel as "a gracious Woman, and an excellent Huswife, who took oft the whole burden of Family affairs, both within, and without Doors from her Husband, that he might with the more freedom attend his Holy Calling." | Overton, Rev. Valentine (I14850)
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| 1574 | From the Dictionary of Mormon Biography: "Allen, Charles Hopkins, 1830-1922 [...] Born at Burton, Cattaraugus County, New York, 1830. Father converted to Mormonism and family moved to Kirtland, Ohio, c. 1835-36. Left for Missouri but for want of means stayed in Illinois. Living in vicinity of Springfield when visited by Joseph Smith and party, c. 1843. Lived near Carthage in June, 1844. Baptized, 1844. Family moved to Nauvoo after martyrdom. Visited Carthage Jail on the way. Stopped at Camp Creek for a while. Moved to Iowa, 1846. Spent some time at Winter Quarters. Farmed at Keg Creek near Kanesville, 1847-52. Brother served in Mormon Battalion. Operated ferry across Missouri River, 1849. Operated mill another season. Traveled to Utah, 1852. Mountaineer at Ft. Bridger offered them $1,000 for first bushel of grain matured in Salt Lake Valley. "Settled at Provo City. Operated David W. Roger's sawmill. Built fort at Blacksmith Fork. Released from that mission and returned to Provo, 1853. Ordained teacher, 1853. Journeyed to San Bernardino, 1855. Trouble with meddlesome Indians en route. Freight trip to Salt Lake City, c. 1857. Returned to California. Trip to Carson Valley via San Francisco. Spent winter there. Discovery of Comstock Lode. Returned to San Bernardino. Visit to Utah, 1862. Traveled to Florence to bring company of immigrants west, 1863. Returned to California to sell property, 1863-64. "Settled in Cache Valley, Utah. Married Elizabeth Adelaide Hoopes, 1864. Lived in Richmond several years, then moved to ranch. Ordained elder, went to temple. Presided five years over Coveville Branch. Advised to move to warmer climate. Settled at Mesa, Arizona, 1882. President and director of Mesa Canal Company. Ordained high priest, 1882. Member of Maricopa Stake High Council. Apparently also counselor to stake president. Served in Lamanite mission fifteen years. President of high priests' quorum, 1885--. Trips to Logan Temple. Death of wife, 1889. Married Annie Eliza Jones, 1890. Allen family reunion, 1898. Second anointing, 1900." | Allen, Charles Hopkins (I10941)
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| 1575 | From the Bowne House Historical Society: "...[W]e do not know what caused John Bowne with his father, Thomas, and sister, Dorothy, to leave Lime Tree Farm in Matlock, Derbyshire, England to travel to Boston in 1649. After a few years, John left Boston for New York, and by 1661 had built his home in Flushing on land purchased from the Matincock Indians for eight strings of wampum (about $14). He married Hannah Feake, the niece of Governor John Winthrop of Massachusetts and cousin of Governor Robert Winthrop of Connecticut. John and Hannah had 8 children. After Hannah's death in 1677, he married again and had 8 more children. "John Bowne is best known for his courageous defense of religious freedom. Flushing was then part of the colony of New Netherland, and its town charter, granted by the Dutch West India Comapny in 1645 guaranteed 'liberty of conscience.' When Governor Peter Stuyvesant prohibited the practice of religions other than the Dutch Refored Church, town leaders delivered the Flushing Remonstrance to Stuyvesant, challenging his edict, which was aimed chiefly at Quakers. In 1662, John Bowne openly defied the ban and allowed Quakers to hold services in his home. Bowne was arrested and imprisoned, and when he refused to pay a fine or plead guilty, Stuyvesant banished him to Holland, where he argued his case successfully before the Dutch West India Company. Stuyvesant was ordered to permit dissenting faiths to worship freely. John Bowne returned home victorious in 1664, and the principle of religious freedom was established in the New York Colony. His actions and those of his fellow residents of Flushing established principles that evolved into the Bill of Rights of the United States Constitution." [POSTSCRIPT: I like how the hero of the tale is John Bowne, who "openly defied the ban and allowed Quakers to hold services in his home," rather than his wife Hannah Feake, who ACTUALLY HELD THE DAMN SERVICES. Hannah was a Quaker preacher and had converted her husband. As ever, thoughtless writing leads to a version of the story in which the woman's efforts are inconsequential. --pnh] | Bowne, John (I5997)
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| 1576 | From the Find a Grave page for Ann "Nancy" Lee Hayden: Ann "Nancy" Lee was the daughter of Philip Lee, who kept a diary of the Maryland League, and Susannah (Thompson) Lee. Ann Lee first married Captain Samuel Willett, 1753-1793, in Nelson County, Virginia (now Marion County, Kentucky) on August 12, 1786. James Morrison was the surety (bondsman) on the their marriage bond dated August 12, 1786. Philip Lee, father of the bride, filed a written consent with this bond. They were married by the Rev. William Taylor, a Baptist minister. Mrs. Ann (Lee) Willett married secondly to Wilfred Hayden on June 6, 1793 by the Rev. Father William DeRohan, the Roman Catholic priest at the Pottinger's Creek Catholic Settlement (now Holy Cross) in Nelson (now Marion) County, Kentucky. Henry Hayden was the bondsman/surety for their bond dated the same day and William Hayden, father of the groom, and Philip Lee, father of the bride, filed consents with this bond. These records are on file in the Nelson County Clerk's Office in Bardstown, Kentucky. Ann "Nancy" (Lee) Willett Hayden died testate. She wrote her will on April 4, 1835 and it was probated and recorded on April 27, 1835 in Washington County, Kentucky Will Book #F, on page 171 in the County Clerk's Office in Springfield, Kentucky. She left legacies to: her sons, William Hayden, James L. Hayden, Henry Hayden, and Philip Hayden; to her granddaughters: Elizabeth Roby, Martha Eleanor Linten, Nancy Hayden, daughter of my son Philip, Amelia daughter of my son James Lee Hayden and an unnamed granddaughter, daughter of her son Henry Hayden; legacies to her grandsons: children of my daughter, Wilfred Hays, Henry Hays, Thomas Hays, and Philip Hays. She named John Janes as her executor. This will was witnessed by George Grundy and Thomas Reed. | Lee, Ann C. "Nancy" (I3591)
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| 1577 | From the Catholic Encyclopedia (1913), citation details below: Knight of St. John, martyr, b. about 1476, executed 10 July, 1539. He belonged to the Salden branch of the great Devonshire family of Fortescue, and was a true country gentleman of the period, occasionally following the King in the wars with France (1513 and 1522), not unfrequently attending the court, and at other times acting as justice of the peace or commissioner for subsidies. He was knighted in 1503 (Clermont; but D.N.B. gives 1528), attended the Field of the Cloth of Gold (1520), and late in life (1532) became a Knight of St. John. When Anne Boleyn became queen, Sir Adrian (whose mother, Alice Boleyn, was Anne's grand-aunt) naturally profited to some extent, but, as we see from his papers, not very much. The foundations of his worldly fortunes had been laid honourably at an eartier date. He was a serious thrifty man painstaking in business, careful in accounts, and a lover of the homely wit of that day. He collected and signed several lists of proverbs and wise saws, which, though not very brilliant, are never offensive or coarse, always sane, and sometimes rise to a high moral or religious level. All of a sudden this quiet, worthy gentleman was overwhelmed by some unexplained whim of the Tudor tyrant. On 29 August, 1534, he was put under arrest, no one knows why, but released after some months. On 3 February, 1539, he was arrested a second time and sent to the Tower. In April he was condemned untried by an act of attainder; in July he was beheaded. No specific act of treason was alleged against him, but only in general "sedition and refusing allegiance". The attainder, however, went on to decree death against Cardinal Pole and several others because they "adhered themselves to the Bishop of Rome". Catholic tradition was always held that Sir Adrian died for the same cause, and modern Protestant critics have come to the same conclusion. His cultus has always flourished among the Knights of St. John, and he was beatified by Leo XIII in 1895. | Fortescue, Adrian (I35718)
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| 1578 | From the Complete Peerage: William de Vescy, son and heir, by 1st wife, adopted his mother's name of Vescy, by which he and his successors were known. He was Sheriff of Northumberland, 1157-70, and of the Honor of Lancaster, 1166-70. At the Inquest of 1166 his carta showed that his tenants held of him 26 knights' fees, plus one third and one seventh of a fee. When William the Lion invaded Northern England in 1174 and laid siege to de Vescy's own castle of Alnwick, he was one of those who, after a forced march, raised the siege, 13 July, and took the Scottish King prisoner. On 16 Mar 1176/7, when Henry II arbitrated between the Kings of Castile and Navarre, he was among the witnesses of the award. He was a benefactor of many religious houses. William de Vescy married, before 1169-71, Burga, daughter of Robert de Stuteville, by his wife Helewise. Having taken the habit of a monk at Alnwick Abbey, he died shortly before Michaelmas 1183 and was buried near the door of the Chapter House there. His widow, who was living in 1185, was buried with him. | de Vescy, William (I26668)
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| 1579 | From the Dictionary of Canadian Biography, entry on his daughter Marguerite Bourgeoys: By her father, a master candle-maker and a coiner in the mint at Troyes, as well as by her mother Guillemette Garnier, Marguerite belonged to the 17th-century French bourgeoisie. The detailed inventory of Mme Bourgeoys's estates and jewellery, and an examination of the Garnier family, give proof of the high quality of the social relations maintained by the parents and of the comfortable circumstances in which they lived. | Bourgeoys, Abraham (I6360)
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| 1580 | From the Dictionary of Canadian Biography: Pierre Desportes probably came to Quebec in 1614 with Abraham Martin: their wives were sisters. Desportes' occupation is not known, but he must have had some standing in the community and sufficient education to be able to write, for he signed on behalf of the inhabitants the document of 1621 appealing to the king. No other facts are known about him. (He is not to be confused with Pierre Desportes de Liguère, to whom the Compagnie de la Nouvelle-France ceded Île Royale (Cape Breton) in 1636.) | Desportes, Pierre (I5863)
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| 1581 | From the Dictionary of Canadian Biography: RICHARD, dit Lafleur, GUILLAUME (styled Sieur de La Fleur), soldier of the Carignan-Salières regiment, captain of the Canadian militia, and at one time churchwarden; b. 1641, son of Jean Richard, seedsman, and his wife, Anne Meusnier, of Saint-Léger, bishopric of Saintes, France; d. 1690. A strong family tradition states that Richard was the descendant of John Richards, a Welshman, who, as a member of the king's bodyguard, assisted the French king, Charles IX, to escape through the back gardens of the palace during the frightful massacre of St. Bartholomew, 14 Aug. 1572. Richard entered the French army as a young man, joining the Carignan-Salières regiment at its formation in 1664. On the last day of May of the following year he embarked for New France with his regiment, as a soldier in the company of Roger de Bonneau de La Varenne, arriving at Quebec on 19 August, after a long and tempestuous voyage. Two years later, when his regiment returned to France, Richard chose to remain in Canada. Shortly thereafter he was appointed sergeant in the Canadian forces, in which rank he accompanied governor Frontenac to Cataracoui where Fort Frontenac was founded in 1673. He remained at the new post as its first commandant when the French returned to Quebec. Richard continued in that capacity until the return of Cavelier de La Salle in 1675, and was still at the fort in September 1677, according to a census of its garrison. Shortly thereafter he was appointed sergeant of the garrison at Montreal. By 1684 he was lieutenant of the vanguard company of that post and later he was captain of militia in the parish of Pointe-aux-Trembles de Montréal, where he had maintained his residence since 1679. Guillaume Richard, dit Lafleur, met a soldier's death on 2 July 1690, near Bout-de-l'Île de Montréal, when his small party of 25 was overwhelmed by a band of Iroquois warriors. Six days later the bodies of the fallen were buried hurriedly where they fell. In 1694 their remains were exhumed and reinterred in the cemetery of Pointe-aux-Trembles. | Richard de Lafleur, Guillaume (I8190)
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| 1582 | From the Dictionary of Canadian Biography: About this only son of Canada's first settler little is recorded except an occasional instance of his helping the priests in their relations with the natives. Since he had inherited half his father's land, which included some acres on the St. Charles as well as the original site above the cliff, it is to be assumed that his chief occupation during his short life was the cultivation of his fields. He was but a little boy when he came to Quebec with his parents in 1617, and therefore probably still in his twenties when he died in 1639. | Hébert, Guillaume (I32041)
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| 1583 | From the Dictionary of Welsh Biography: RHYS ap TEWDWR (d. 1093), king of Deheubarth; grandson of Cadell ab Einion ab Owain ap Hywel Dda. In 1075 he took possession of Deheubarth on the death of his second-cousin, Rhys ab Owain ab Edwin. In 1081 he was dislodged by Caradog ap Gruffydd , but later in the year, with the help of Gruffudd ap Cynan, he was firmly reinstated after the historic battle of Mynydd Carn. In the same year William the Conqueror made a demonstration of power in South Wales, traversing the land as far as S. Davids; it is reasonably certain that during the visit the two kings came to an agreement as to their future good relations, which lasted to the end of William's reign. A few years later it is recorded that Rhys is paying the king £40 a year for Deheubarth, thereby becoming a vassal of the Norman Crown and establishing a precedent with lasting consequences on Anglo-Welsh relations. Henceforth, with the exception of the closing tragedy of his career, Rhys had only to contend with the jealousies of his fellow princes. In 1088 he was attacked by the young rulers of Powys and was obliged to seek refuge in Ireland, but he soon returned and, with Danish help, decisively defeated his opponents (see Madog, Rhiryd, and Cadwgan ap Bleddyn). Again in 1091 he was opposed by a group of his own vassals in Dyfed, who sought to restore the kingship to the senior line of Hywel Dda in the person of Gruffydd ap Maredudd ab Owain. At Llandudoch (S. Dogmaels) on the Teifi the rebels were defeated and Gruffydd killed. Meanwhile the Norman conquest of the south had gathered a new momentum after William's death in 1087, and among the territories then being over-run was the old kingdom of Brycheiniog. It was while resisting the Norman advance in this all-important approach to his own dominions that Rhys was killed in uncertain circumstances near Aberhonddu (Brecon). He was virtually the last of the ancient kings of Deheubarth, and it was in a different political setting that the power of the dynasty was eventually revived by his grandson -- Rhys ap Gruffydd. He m. Gwladus, daughter of Rhiwallon ap Cynfyn. He was survived by two sons, Gruffydd ap Rhys and Hywel, and by a daughter, Nest. | ap Tewdyr, Rhys King of Deheubarth (I8443)
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| 1584 | From the New York Genealogical and Biographical Record, July 1942, p. 162: Henry Glover = Helena Mercy Glover = Maj. Moses Mansfield Abigail Mansfield = John Atwater Abigail Atwater = Thomas Hall Thomas Hall = Lydia Curtis Ambrose Hall = Mehitable Beach Ambrose Hall = Clarissa Willcox Clarissa Hall = Leonard W. Jerome Jennie Jerome = Randolph Churchill Winston Churchill From Reverend John Beach and John Sanford and Their Descendants by Rebecca Donaldson Beach (1898): The first records of our branch of this family open at once on an interesting early controversy and an intimate connection with some of New Haven's most notable colonists, Henry Glover, who was at once supporter and critic of the governmental system, and prominent in the growing business interests of the town. Dr. Bacon, in his "Historical Discourses," writes: "Concerning Henry Glover's seeking reconciliation with the Church, for the scandalous evils for which he was cast out, and the Church's receiving of him again, the 11th day of the 6th month 1644. Henry Glover having acquainted the elders with his desire of being reconciled e/c e/c," a long and intricately worded setting forth follows, the gist of which being that his case is brought before the elders, and the next Lord's day he is appointed to speak before them. After morning service, the ruling elder rose and desired the rest of the elders would remain; this being done, the door was closed and the matter brought forward, and Henry Glover, who still stood without, was invited in to plead his cause; he "acknowledged the several facts for which he was cast out, and the rules he had broken, and showed also how many temptations he had been exercised with from Satan since he was cast out,...and also expressed his earnest desire of being reconciled to the Church." So they conferred together as to whether his repentence was genuine and how he had borne himself, and neighbors were asked to testify. Goodman Chapman "spoke something tending to clear him," but no one accused him; however, they decided to wait over another week and see that everything was as it should be. The wisdom of this hesitation may be evidenced by the manner of its reception by the impatient sinner, for the report goes on to say: "Henry Glover, standing up by a pillar, went hastily down, when he saw it was deferred till the next Lord's day, and he let some words fall which had the appearance of discontent." However, he again apologized, and was finally received in full, an address, a long prayer, and the following absolution pronounced by the pastor, Mr. Davenport: "Henry Glover, I do in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ, and by power delegated from Jesus Christ to his Church, pronounce thee absolved and set free from the sentence of excommunication under which thou hast stood bound, and do restore thee to the liberties and privileges of this Church which thou formerly did'st enjoy." Dr. Bacon says: "I know not where to look for a more copious illustration of the duties performed by the ruling elder in the primitive New England churches." Doubtless it would now call a smile could we discover the catalogue of sins for which Mr. Glover was forced to make so complete a humiliation. | Glover, Henry (I17530)
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| 1585 | From the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (citation details below): Drummond, Margaret (d. 1502), royal mistress, was the eldest of the six daughters of John Drummond of Cargill, first Lord Drummond (d. 1518), and his wife, Elizabeth Lindsay. James IV may have met Margaret when he visited Drummond Castle on 25 April 1496, and she appears to have succeeded Marion Boyd as James's mistress about this time. Coupled with the growing influence of Archibald Campbell, second earl of Argyll, whose sister Isabel was Drummond's daughter-in-law, Margaret's affair with the king helped in the advancement both of her father, who held the office of justiciar from February 1495 until 1501, and of his kinsman Walter Drummond, dean of Dunblane, who became clerk register in 1497. Official acknowledgement of the relationship came on 3 June 1496, when James installed Margaret in apartments in Stirling Castle; a reference by the Spanish ambassador, Don Pedro de Ayala, to a lady being kept by the king in great state in a castle describes this arrangement. Margaret Drummond lived at Stirling Castle under the care of its keeper, Sir John Lundy, and of his wife until 30 October 1496, when she was moved to Linlithgow, possibly to give birth to the daughter, also called Margaret, whom she bore the king. The liaison effectively ended in March 1497, when Margaret and her daughter were sent home to Drummond, but although James IV had embarked on his long-running affair with Janet Kennedy in 1498, Margaret received a crown lease for nine years of lands in the earldom of Strathearn, dated 23 January 1498, possibly at the time of her marriage—according to de Ayala she was married off after her return to Drummond, although there is no supporting evidence for this. The king certainly seems to have accepted a measure of responsibility for his erstwhile mistress, as payments to her of £21 and 41s. for her daughter's nurse were made as late as June 1502. When Margaret died, towards the end of 1502, James had their daughter Margaret brought from Drummond Castle to Stirling, where royal children were traditionally brought up, and he paid a quarterly fee until at least 1508 for two priests in Dunblane Cathedral to sing masses for Margaret Drummond. A number of stories concerning Margaret Drummond's time as royal mistress appear in the eulogistic history of the Drummond family which William Drummond, later first viscount of Strathallan, completed in 1681. He states that the king had known Margaret since 1488 and had desired to marry her, but in 1502 some courtiers, determined to help the king to a far more advantageous marriage, and fearing that his infatuation with Margaret would prevent this, caused her and two of her sisters, with whom she happened to be dining, to be poisoned. There is no contemporary evidence for these stories, and official records attest a much briefer and less dramatic liaison than the exaggerated account presented by William Drummond. | Drummond, Margaret (I27276)
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| 1586 | From the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress (citation details below): BECKHAM, JOHN CREPPS WICKLIFFE, (Grandson of Charles Anderson Wickliffe and cousin of Robert Charles Wickliffe), a Senator from Kentucky; born in Wickland, near Bardstown, Nelson County, Ky., August 5, 1869; attended the Roseland Academy at Bardstown and Central University, Richmond, Ky.; high school principal; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1889 and commenced practice in Bardstown in 1893; member, State house of representatives 1894-1898, serving as speaker in 1898; lieutenant governor of Kentucky in 1899, becoming Governor upon the death of the Governor, February 3, 1900; subsequently elected Governor for the unexpired term ending December 8, 1903, and reelected for the term 1903-1907; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate in 1914 and served from March 4, 1915 to March 3, 1921; unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1920; chairman, Committee on Expenditures in the Department of Labor (Sixty-fourth and Sixty-fifth Congresses); resumed the practice of law in Louisville, Ky.; unsuccessful candidate for Governor of Kentucky in 1927; unsuccessful candidate for nomination to the United States Senate in 1936; died in Louisville, Ky., January 9, 1940; interment in Frankfort Cemetery, Frankfort, Ky. From Wikipedia (accessed 1 Nov 2020): John Crepps Wickliffe Beckham […] was the 35th Governor of Kentucky and a United States Senator from Kentucky. He was the state's first popularly-elected senator after the passage of the Seventeenth Amendment. Descended from a prominent political family, Beckham was chosen as Democrat William Goebel's running mate in the gubernatorial election of 1899 despite the fact that he had turned 30, the minimum age for governor, during the campaign. Goebel lost the election to Republican William S. Taylor, but the Kentucky General Assembly disputed the election results. During the political wrangling that followed, an unknown assassin shot Goebel. A day later the General Assembly invalidated enough votes to give the election to Goebel, who was sworn into office on his deathbed. Taylor claimed the election had been stolen by the Democratic majority in the General Assembly, and a legal fight occurred between him and Beckham over the governorship. Beckham ultimately prevailed and Taylor fled the state. Beckham later won a special election to fill the remainder of Goebel's term, since less than half the term had expired, and an election in his own right in 1903. During his second term as governor, in 1906, Beckham made a bid to become a US senator. His stance in favor of prohibition cost him the votes of four legislators in his own party, and in 1908 the General Assembly gave the seat to Republican William O. Bradley, who had been governor from 1895 to 1899. Six years later, Beckham secured the seat by popular election, but he lost his re-election bid in 1920, largely because of his pro-temperance views and his opposition to women's suffrage. Though he continued to play an active role in state politics for another two decades, he never returned to elected office, failing both in his gubernatorial bid in 1927 (with suspected electoral fraud) and his senatorial campaign in 1936. He died in Louisville on January 9, 1940. Beckham County, Oklahoma, is named for him. | Beckham, John Crepps Wickliffe Governor of Kentucky; Senator from Kentucky (I12160)
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| 1587 | From the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress (citation details below): WICKLIFFE, CHARLES ANDERSON, (grandfather of Robert Charles Wickliffe and John Crepps Wickliffe Beckham), a Representative from Kentucky; born near Springfield, Washington County, Ky., June 8, 1788; completed preparatory studies; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1809 and commenced practice in Bardstown; served in the War of 1812; was aide to General Winlock; member of the State house of representatives in 1812 and 1813; again entered the Army as aide to General Caldwell; again a member of the State house of representatives in 1822, 1823, and 1833-1835, and served as speaker in 1834; elected as a Jackson Republican to the Eighteenth Congress; reelected as a Jacksonian to the Nineteenth through the Twenty-second Congresses (March 4, 1823-March 3, 1833); chairman, Committee on Public Lands (Twenty-first and Twenty-second Congresses); was not a candidate for renomination; one of the managers appointed by the House of Representatives in 1830 to conduct the impeachment proceedings against James H. Peck, United States judge for the district of Missouri; Lieutenant Governor in 1836; became Governor upon the death of Governor Clark and served from October 5, 1839, to September 1840; Postmaster General from October 13, 1841, to March 6, 1845; sent on a secret mission by President Polk to the Republic of Texas in 1845; member of the State constitutional convention in 1849; member of the peace conference held at Washington, D.C., in 1861 in an effort to devise means to prevent the impending war; elected as a Unionist to the Thirty-seventh Congress (March 4, 1861-March 3, 1863); did not seek renomination; unsuccessful candidate for Governor in 1863; delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1864; died near Ilchester, Md., October 31, 1869; interment in Bardstown Cemetery, Bardstown, Ky. | Wickliffe, Charles Anderson Governor of Kentucky; U.S. Representative from Kentucky; Postmaster General of the United States (I12169)
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| 1588 | From the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress (citation details below): WICKLIFFE, ROBERT CHARLES, (grandson of Charles Anderson Wickliffe and cousin of John Crepps Wickliffe Beckham), a Representative from Louisiana; born in Bardstown, Ky., May 1, 1874, while his parents were on a visit to relatives in that State; attended the public schools of St. Francisville, La.; was graduated from Centre College, Danville, Ky., in 1895 and from the law department of Tulane University, New Orleans, La., in 1897; was admitted to the bar in 1898 and commenced practice in St. Francisville, La.; member of the State constitutional convention in 1898; enlisted as a private in Company E, First Regiment, Louisiana Volunteer Infantry, during the Spanish-American War; was mustered out of the service in October 1898; returned to West Feliciana Parish; district attorney of the twenty-fourth judicial district of Louisiana 1902-1906; elected as a Democrat to the Sixty-first and Sixty-second Congresses and served from March 4, 1909, until June 11, 1912, when he was killed while crossing a railroad bridge in Washington, D.C.; interment in Cave Hill Cemetery, Louisville, Ky. | Wickliffe, Robert Charles U. S. Representative from Louisiana (I12173)
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| 1589 | From the Breckinridge (KY) News, February 2, 1898: Mr. Joseph Lewis, father of Henry J. Lewis of this city, is lying critically ill at the home of Mr. Sexton Newton on the pike. He is not expected to survive many more days, and is in his Eighty-fifth year. From the Breckinridge (KY) News, March 2, 1898: Mr. Joseph Lewis, father of Henry J. Lewis who resides in this city, died at the home of Sexton Newton Sunday morning at 6 o'clock. Mr. Lewis had possibly reached the four score mark. He had been in feeble health for some time and the end was expected. His remains were taken to Hardinsburg Monday and interred in the Catholic cemetery. [Both via Selma Sam Wiesenberg. Sexton Newton (1848-1920) was Henry Isaac Newton's brother.] | Lewis, Joseph O. (I11487)
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| 1590 | From the Find a Grave page for John Baptist Dant (citation details below): John Baptist Dant, a native of St. Mary's County, Maryland, was the son of John Dant. He inherited a plantation styled "Hopewell from his father in 1763. He was the brother of, at least: Ann (Dant) Spalding, Charles Dant, J. Francis Excol Dant, and Mary Ann (Dant) Mills. [...] In his will he mentions these grandchildren: Polly Dant, Eliza Elliott, Teresa Dant, Susannah Elliott , and Ann Elliott. He mentions slaves named: Sucky, Steven and his wife Dianna, Mary, and Steven. He mentions "the 100 acres on which I now live." He mentions crops and farm animals. He makes his son James Dant, his executor. The witnesses to this will were: John Lancaster, Thomas Shircliff [Jr.], Wilfred Newton, and John Riggs. This will can be seen in Washington County, KY Will Book "A" on page 478 in Springfield, KY. | Dant, John Baptist (I2081)
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| 1591 | From the Find a Grave page for William Mitchell Taylor (citation details below): During the early history of St. Francis County, Taylor's Creek, which later developed into Colt when the Iron Mountain railroad was constructed through that area, was widely known because it was on the famous Military Road. Taylor's Creek got its name from W. Mitchell Taylor, one of the first settlers about where Colt is now. He was born in Franklin Co., N. Carolina. He built a large log house on what is known as the Blaylock Place, one mile south of Colt, now owned by Fred McCollum, Sr. The house was built of hand hewn poplar logs, cut on his place and hewn with a whipsaw and put together with wooden pegs filled between the logs with small pieces of wood, mud, and mortar. The stage coach traveling the Military Road with the mail stopped there to change horses. Mr. Taylor married Nancy Casbeer in 1827 and had 14 children. After her death he married Mrs. Mary Temple in 1852 and had six children. He also had two step children. He had an exceptionally brilliant mind and made many trips by horseback to Little Rock to transact business for friends and relatives. He owned about 1500 acres of land, extending down to Dark Corner. When one of his children married, he gave them their choice of 80 acres of land or one thousand dollars. He built the school house and church, non-denominational, known as Oak Hill. The church was constructed of lumber made by his whipsaw. The seats were poles, cut flat on one side with pegs for legs. Mr. Taylor was eighty at the time of his death, Dec. 11, 1884. His surviving descendants include six grandchildren, 23 great grandchildren, 32 great-grandchildren and four great-great-grandchildren. This information was compiled by Mrs. P. S. Stapleton, great granddaughter of Mr. Taylor's. As mentioned above the present town of Colt at the north end of St. Francis County on Highway 70 and the Missouri Pacific, was established in 1882, when the old Iron Mountain Railroad put a station there. It was called Colt Station for the railroad conductor of that name who built the railroad through that section of the county. Numerous residents at that time thought the new town should be called Taylor in honor of Mitchell Taylor, but he asked them to name it for the railroad contractor. The town of Colt was incorporated in 1816. At the time Colt was incorporated it had two cotton gins, six general stores, one drug store and two saw mills. In 1954 Colt now has two stores, one filling station and one gin. The town has two churches, Methodist and Baptist. | Taylor, William Mitchell (I35203)
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| 1592 | From the Louisville, Kentucky Catholic Advocate, 4 Sep 1847: "Died, at her residence, near Owensboro, Ky., on Tuesday, 22d August, Mrs. Rachel Coomes, in the 74th year of her age. The deceased was relict of the late Wm. Coomes. "The deep anguish and pain felt by her relations and acquaintances, will be much relieved when they reflect on her many virtues, and the manner in wich she prepared herself for her final dissolution. After a long life spent in the practice of religion, finding her end approaching, she called for her confessor, who administered to her all the last rites of her holy religion. On the evening of the 23d she was interred in the county cemetery, in the presence of the pastor of the congregation and a large collection of relations and acquaintances, who will long remember the pious example she has left for their imitation. May she rest in peace." From Combs-Coombs &c: Rachel m. William COOMES. Sept.3, 1796 (Nelson Co, KY Marriage Bonds) William COOMES-Rachel COOMES Bond -- Richard COOMES 08 May 1834 -- Jun 1844 (Davies Co KY) Will of William Combs. 8 May 1834, wife Rachael, children: Charles, Mary, Elizabeth, Felix, Benedict, William Peter, Trese WALLACE, ex: Felix Combs wit: Henry & Benjamin READ (Abstracted by Combs Researcher Jean Smallwood who also provided the following:) From "Davies County Kentucky Records #1, Marriages 1815-1848, Deaths 1852-1861, Wills 1815-1850" by Researchers:" Will of William COOMES -- written May 1834 -- probated Jun 1844. Wife Rachel. Daughters: Tesesy WALLACE, Mary Margaret, and Elizabeth COOMES. Sons: Charles, Felix, Benedict and William Peter COOMES Notes: Combs Researcher Joe Lewis adds that Rachel's husband, William, was the s/o William COOMES, Sr. b in Charles Co MD, who came to KY (Harrods Station) in spring of 1775. A submission to "Kentucky Ancestors," KY Historical Society quarterly, vol. 30 #2, 1994-1995, page 79, ROSTER OF FIRST KENTUCKY ANCESTORS, submission by Researcher Henry D. Paine, includes birth dates of 13 March 1769 for William and 9 Oct 1775 for Rachel, his source unknown. | Coomes, Rachel (I7733)
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| 1593 | From the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: Craghead, Robert (c. 1633–1711), minister of the Presbyterian General Synod of Ulster and author, was born in Scotland to unknown parents and graduated MA from the University of St Andrews in 1653. In 1658 he commenced his ministry in Donoughmore, co. Donegal. In 1661 he was one of thirty-six Presbyterian ministers in Ireland ejected from his parish for refusing to conform to the established church. He remained with his people and contrived to exercise an effective ministry among them. The troubles of 1689 drove him and his family into the besieged city of Londonderry, and from it to Glasgow, where for a time he ministered in a congregation. On 1 July 1690 he was called to be minister of the Presbyterian congregation in Londonderry, and remained there until his death. The bishop of Derry from 1691 to 1702 was William King, afterwards archbishop of Dublin. King had already crossed swords with Joseph Boyse, minister of Wood Street congregation in Dublin, on the subject of Presbyterian worship, hoping to persuade his readers to follow his own pilgrimage from Presbyterianism to Anglicanism. His representations of Presbyterian practice were factually incorrect, and Craghead felt impelled to answer them in two pamphlets, An Answer to a Late Book Intituled 'A Discourse Concerning the Inventions of Men in the Worship of God' (1694) and An Answer to the Bishop of Derry's Second Admonition to the Dissenting Inhabitants of his Diocese (1697). Neither work reveals Craghead as a particularly effective controversialist. His replies to King are orderly, thorough, and factual. They contain a wealth of information about Presbyterian life and spirituality, and especially about Presbyterian public worship. They confirm the very large numbers attending Presbyterian services in north-west Ulster at this time. While Boyse and Craghead display common purpose in their defence of Presbyterian forms of worship, it is fascinating to discern contrasting views on points of detail. Boyse reflects the broader and more English practice of Dublin Presbyterianism, while the stricter Ulster-Scot ethos of northern congregations is firmly embodied in Craghead's work. Craghead's pamphlets lack the grace of Boyse's writing, and the fire of good polemic, but are none the less an important contribution. Craghead's other writings were of a devotional and practical kind. His Advice for the Assurance of Salvation (1702) and the posthumous Walking with God (1712) have both been lost to posterity. His Advice to Communicants was first published in Glasgow in 1695, and was reprinted several times. It was an attempt to deal with many of the problems and difficulties felt by the ordinary people with whom Craghead worked as a pastor. It is a rich treasure house of Christian devotion and evidences the scrupulous care given by Craghead and others of his generation to the doubts and questions of his people. Through all his writings runs a firm Calvinist theology. Craghead married Agnes, daughter of the Rev. John Hart, minister of Taughboyne, and they had three sons: Thomas, Robert, and Samuel. Craghead died in Londonderry on 22 August 1711. | Craighead, Rev. Robert (I20496)
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| 1594 | From the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: Pantulf, William (d. 1112?), baron, was one of Roger de Montgomery's tenants in the district of Hièmes in the diocese of Sées. The tenurial relationship between these two families existed as early as 1027 - 35. His mother's name was Beatrice, and she held lands 'apud Fossas' (not identified). Pantulf received large grants of land, and held authority in Roger's earldom of Shrewsbury, founded after 1071, but his lands were worth considerably less than those of the earl's other major tenants: the sheriff, Picot, and the Corbet family. He held eleven manors in Hodnet hundred, and Wem was their head. In 1073-4 Pantulf was in Normandy, and gave the two churches of Noron, near Falaise, to the abbey of St Evroult, with 40 marks to establish a priory at Noron, and tithes of all the churches which belonged to him. The monks of St Evroult contributed £16 to a pilgrimage to the shrine of St Giles, near Nîmes, which he was about to make. On 23 October 1077 he was present with William I at the consecration of the church at Bec, and then went with Robert, a former abbot of St Evroult, to serve Robert Guiscard in Apulia. He was treated with honour, and was offered a gift of three cities if he would stay, but he returned to Normandy. In 1077 Earl Roger suspected Pantulf of complicity in the murder of the Countess Mabel, Roger's wife, who had deprived Pantulf of his castle of 'Piretum' (Peray en Saonnais). Pantulf had had dealings with the murderer, Hugh d'Iglé, and took refuge with his family in the monastery at St Evroult. He submitted to the ordeal of hot iron before the king's court at Rouen, was acquitted, and gave four silk altar cloths from Apulia to St Evroult as a thank-offering. After the murder his estates had been confiscated by Earl Roger, but in 1086 he was in possession of twenty-nine manors in Shropshire, and others in Staffordshire and Warwickshire. After the death of William I, in 1087, Pantulf revisited Apulia, and in June 1092 gave the relics of St Nicholas to Noron. After becoming earl of Shrewsbury in 1098 Robert de Bellême deprived him of his lands, but when Bellême rebelled in 1102, Pantulf offered him his services. They were rejected, and he turned to Henry I, who put Stafford Castle in his custody with 200 soldiers. Pantulf detached Bellême's Welsh ally, Iorwerth ap Bleddyn, by negotiation, and he persuaded the garrison of Bridgnorth to surrender to the king. The king restored Pantulf's lands and gave him the fief of Roger de Courcelles as his reward for these services. | Pantulf, William (I1797)
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| 1595 | From the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: Saltonstall, Sir Richard (1521?–1601), merchant and local politician, was born in Halifax, Yorkshire, the second son of Gilbert Saltonstall, a yeoman, and was apprenticed to Richard Stanfield, a prosperous member of the Skinners' Company, of which he became free in 1551. By 1571 he was well established as one of the leading exporters of cloth to the Low Countries, but his activities extended beyond their traditional bilateral trade with northern Europe, making it serve broader multilateral interests. He became one of the largest traders with Spain, and elbowed his way into membership of the Spanish Company in 1577. His partnership's imports from Iberia were valued at £2956 in 1584, but he continued to import large quantities (as much as £6000-worth from Hamburg and Stade in 1587–8) from northern Europe in the later 1580s. Saltonstall was also a member of the regulated companies trading to Turkey (1580), Russia (1586), and the Levant (1592), although it is not clear whether he was an active trader in these areas. In later years he became involved in customs administration, securing the lucrative post of customer of London by 1598, in which he was assisted by his son Samuel. His subsidy assessments suggest that he was numbered among the top seventy-five citizens in terms of his wealth, and he was reported to be worth £20,000 in the 1590s. [...] He was active in both the management of the Company of Merchant Adventurers and the Skinners' Company and in the government of the city. He assisted John Marsh, governor of the merchant adventurers, in negotiations with Alva's government in the Netherlands in 1570, and was himself acting as governor of the company by 1585, and undertook the delicate negotiations with Stade and Hamburg over the location of the English staple in 1587 and 1588. First elected warden of the Skinners' Company in 1568, he served as its master four times (1589–90, 1593–4, 1595–6, and 1599–1600), though on the last occasion he required a deputy because of his deteriorating health. He was a common councillor from 1571, and served as a governor of St Thomas's Hospital from 1571 to 1578 and as its treasurer from 1575 until 1577. His business acumen ensured that he was frequently called on by the privy council to arbitrate commercial disputes and (especially in the 1590s) to assist in the provision of exchange facilities for the crown. He also served as MP for the city of London in 1586. He was elected alderman of Aldgate ward on 26 September 1588 and moved to Tower ward in 1592, where he served until his death. He held the office of sheriff in 1588–9 and of lord mayor in 1597–8. By the time of his mayoralty the worst of the difficulties of the 1590s had passed, and he oversaw the implementation of the new poor law legislation which led to a doubling of the rates in London. However, the war in Ireland continued to make demands on the city's resources, and much of the administration's energies during this time was consumed in the pursuit of tax defaulters. | Saltonstall, Richard Lord Mayor of London (I15763)
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| 1596 | From the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (citation details below): Bryan, Sir Thomas (d. 1500), judge, was born in obscure circumstances, though he assumed arms containing three piles in allusion to those of Sir Guy Bryan (d. 1390) whose barony became extinct in 1456. His early career suggests that he was the son of a Londoner, and the most probable lineage is that of John Bryan (d. 1395), citizen and fishmonger, whose son John (d. 1418) owned property in various parts of London, Buckinghamshire, Middlesex, and Essex. Sir Thomas likewise had property in London and Buckinghamshire. […] On the accession of Edward IV in 1471 Bryan was appointed chief justice of the common pleas, and in 1475 was created a knight of the Bath. In 1472 he received a remarkable patent of reappointment 'during good behaviour', the usual form of judicial appointment being 'during the king's pleasure'. The plea roll for Hilary term 1477 contains a badly defaced drawing which shows Bryan, in robes, receiving an amended version of this patent from the king. His tenure of the chief justiceship, which lasted for a little over twenty-nine years until his death, was the longest ever, though his lasting influence was staid rather than innovative. He always maintained that the common law should be guided by equity and justice, and he was not unaware of social changes: for instance, he favoured the new-found protection of the copyholder against his lord by an action of trespass. Nevertheless, in a period when the king's bench, under Hussey and Fyneux, was developing new remedies and becoming a rival court for court of common pleas, Bryan's judicial conservatism set the court of common pleas on a course which by the end of the sixteenth century would seem distinctly reactionary. Bryan did not favour the current movement to find a means of barring entails. Although the doubts which he expressed in Taltarum's case (1472) failed to prevent the common recovery from becoming established in the early years of his presidency, he was scrupulous to protect the interests of leaseholders and remaindermen. Such considerations seem to have weighed less with his fellow judges, but the legacy of his cautious approach was the elaborate scheme of double and triple vouchers developed in the following century. In Hulcote's case (1493) he stopped counsel from disputing the 'common learning' that a landowner's freedom to dispose of the fee simple could not be restrained by condition, while in the same case approving a condition against barring an entail: this distinction encouraged a spate of 'perpetuity clauses', to counter the common recovery, which were not finally declared ineffective until 1613. Bryan was also opposed to the circumvention of wager of law by means of actions on the case, the issue later to provide the main source of contention between the two benches. | Bryan, Thomas (I12354)
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| 1597 | From the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (citation details below): His own name, later Gaelicized as Somhairle, is Scandinavian--appropriately meaning 'summer warrior'--and his father's and grandfather's names are Gaelic, indicative of the hybrid Gaelic–Norse culture of the west highlands and islands at that time. [...] It is difficult, in fact, to detach the historical Somerled from the Somerled (Somhairle Mor mac Gille-Brigde) of later Gaelic tradition, in which he is associated with his most famous descendants, the MacDonald lords of the Isles; it was there claimed that his forebears had been lords in Argyll, but had been dispossessed in the time of his grandfather. Tradition also portrayed Somerled as a great champion of the Gael against Scandinavian dominion. This last is certainly misleading. Whatever his paternal ancestry, it is clear that the milieu in which he operated was as much Scandinavian as Gaelic, and that his lordship should be compared with that of rulers of Orkney, Dublin, and the Isle of Man, all of undoubted Scandinavian ancestry, as much as with Gaelic kings and rulers. The first contemporary mention of Somerled, described as regulus of Argyll, occurs in 1153, when he rebelled against the new king of Scots, Malcolm IV (r. 1153–65). However, as Somerled rose with his nephews, the sons of Malcolm Macheth, the dispossessed claimant to Moray, who had been imprisoned since 1134, it is clear that he must already have been a man of mature years. It has been conjectured that Somerled may have been present at the battle of the Standard in 1138, when the men of Argyll are known to have supported David I, and this is not unlikely. During King David's reign (1124–53) Somerled, like Fergus, prince of Galloway, seems to have acknowledged the king's strong lordship. Somerled remained opposed to King Malcolm for several years, but reached a settlement with him in 1160, when a royal charter to Kelso Abbey is dated 'in Natali Domino post proximo concordiam Regis et Sumerledi' (Regesta regum Scottorum, 1, no. 175). It must have been on the occasion of this reconciliation that Somerled received the sobriquet 'sit-by-the-king'. Three years earlier, in 1157, Malcolm MacHeth had been released from prison and made earl of Ross in compensation for Moray. In the meantime Somerled had extended his rule into the kingdom of Man and the Hebrides, at that time subject to a rather shadowy Norwegian overlordship. He married Ragnhild, daughter of Olaf (d. 1153), son of Godred (or Godfrey) Crovan, and they had three sons, Dugald, Ranald, and Angus, and perhaps a fourth, Olaf. For forty years until his death in 1153 Ragnhild's father ruled the kingdom of the Isles, which encompassed the Isle of Man and the Hebrides, extending from the Calf of Man to the Butt of Lewis. Olaf adopted the Latin style rex insularum in his charters, a translation of the Gaelic title ri? Innse Gall (literally 'king of the foreigners' isles'), which had been in use since the late tenth century. Olaf's son Godred proved an unpopular ruler. A leading chieftain, Thorfinn, son of Ottar, came to Somerled offering to make his son Dugald king in Godred's place. A naval battle ensued between Godred and Somerled in January 1156, as a result of which Godred agreed to part with half of his kingdom. Judging from the territories later under the control of his descendants, Somerled's share included the Mull and Islay groups of islands at least, and perhaps also the Uists and Barra. In 1158 he expelled Godred from the Isles altogether. Godred did not return until after Somerled's death, and then only to a divided kingdom. Like his father-in-law, Olaf of Man, and Fergus of Galloway, Somerled was a patron of the church. In 1164 he tried to persuade Flaithbertach Ó Brolchain, the successor of St Columba in Ireland, to come to Iona as abbot, but was unsuccessful. He may also have founded the Cistercian monastery of Saddell in Kintyre, although the credit for this more probably belongs to his son Ranald. Somerled's daughter Bethoc became the first prioress of the Benedictine nunnery of Iona. In 1164 Somerled rose again in opposition to Malcolm IV. He launched a major expedition with men drawn from the Hebrides, Argyll, Kintyre, and Dublin, and sailed up the Clyde with many galleys before landing at Renfrew. The purpose of this expedition is unknown. Could Somerled have been rising in favour of Donald MacWilliam (d. 1187), grandson of Duncan II and claimant to the Scots throne? In the Carmen de morte Sumerledi, composed by one William, who alleged he was an eyewitness, resistance to Somerled was led by Herbert, bishop of Glasgow. Somerled was killed at the very outset of battle, and his head, severed by a clerk, was brought to the bishop, who wept and gave credit for the victory to St Kentigern. Later Gaelic tradition, however, claimed that he died by treachery. The continuator of the annals of Tigernach styles Somerled 'king of Innse Gall and Kintyre' at his death. Somerled was probably buried on Iona, rather than at Saddell Abbey as has sometimes been suggested. | Somerled King of the Hebrides (I34763)
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| 1598 | From the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "[A] Norman who made a great fortune for himself in the conquest of England. He and his brother Ilbert, from whom the Lacys of Pontefract were descended, shared a Norman estate centred on Lassy, from which they were named and which they held as men of the bishop of Bayeux. In England, however, they were independent operators, and Walter, who clearly already had a military reputation, was set up by King William in the southern Welsh marches alongside Earl William fitz Osbern in 1067. [...] "On the rebellion of Roger de Breteuil in 1075, Walter de Lacy remained loyal to the king and helped ensure that the revolt failed, no doubt being additionally rewarded in the aftermath. From 1075 he was the leading baron in the region [...] A benefactor of Gloucester Abbey, he also founded and endowed the collegiate church of St Peter in Hereford. Walter died on 27 March 1085, perhaps (as later family legend had it) falling off the scaffolding while inspecting the building works at another favoured church in Hereford, St Guthlac's. He was buried in the chapter house at Gloucester Abbey." | de Lacy, Walter (I4000)
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| 1599 | From the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "[H]ead of a Northumberland family that had held Ogle in the barony of Whalton since the mid-twelfth century. Because for seven generations the eldest son was named Robert there are difficulties attributing exploits to the correct individual. Robert Ogle or his father, Robert (b. c. 1280), acted as messenger for stocking Mitford Castle in August 1318. Similarly one or other was pardoned in 1329 by Edward III for acts committed in the late rebellion (of Henry, earl of Lancaster). [...] In 1335 he was a commissioner of array both in Northumberland and in the regalian liberty of Hexhamshire, where he was bailiff. This was revoked in May in respect of Newcastle, where the community had agreed with the king to serve at sea against the Scots. Meanwhile Robert was amassing land throughout the county. In May 1341 Edward III granted him as 'king's yeoman' licence to crenellate his house at Ogle, with free warren in all his demesnes. The same year he was one of the commissioners to assess and levy the ninth in Northumberland. Whether he was responsible for an assault on the army of David II, king of Scots, that was laying siege to Newcastle in November 1341, has been doubted. In May 1344 he was commissioned to array the men of Northumberland against the Scots, renewed in April 1345. It may have been this Robert Ogle, or more likely his son with Isabel Fernielaw, Robert (III), who participated in the defence of Cumberland in 1345 with the bishop of Carlisle and Sir Thomas Lucy, and served as seneschal of Annandale for William de Bohun, earl of Northampton and constable of Lochmaben. It was the elder Robert who was thanked by Edward III for his part in the battle of Neville's Cross on 17 October 1346 and commissioned to bring down to the Tower of London Scottish prisoners captured there. These included the earl of Fife, Henry Rameseye, and Thomas Boyd, whom he was reputed to have captured personally. Conjointly with Robert Bertram, father-in-law to his son, he was also to deliver John Douglas, brother to the earl. [...] On 10 December 1346 Robert Ogle senior was ordered to attend a council at Westminster to consider business concerning the state of England and war in Scotland. In 1355 he was in charge of Berwick, under Lord Greystoke, where his son, Robert, was killed in the attack whereby the Scots captured the town but not the castle. | de Ogle, Robert (I4175)
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| 1600 | From the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "[S]on of the Roger de Lacy disinherited and banished in 1096. He had succeeded his father on the family's Norman estates of Lassy and Campeaux by 1133. He returned to England and was with King Stephen at Easter 1136, but was disappointed of any hope of recovering those of his father's extensive lands in the Welsh borders [...] "In the civil war Lacy sided with the empress: in 1138 his kinsman Geoffrey Talbot fortified Weobley (one of Lacy's chief castles) unsuccessfully against Stephen; the two then led an army which attacked Bath. [...H]e profited from the anarchy which prevailed in the southern marches and in the end recovered most of his father's lands. [...] "In 1158 or 1159 Lacy resigned his lands to his eldest son, Robert (who was himself succeeded by his brother Hugh de Lacy in 1162), and joined the templars. At Whitsuntide 1160 he was in France with the templars who guaranteed the peace treaty between Henry II and Louis VII. Later in 1160 or 1161 he had reached Jerusalem and he became preceptor of his order in the county of Tripoli, where in 1163 he was among the leaders of a crusader army resisting Nur-ad-Din." | de Lacy, Gilbert (I162)
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| 1601 | From the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: A leading supporter of Simon de Montfort, earl of Leicester (but no relation), [Peter de] Montfort was technically not a baron, for he held little directly from the king. He was, however, a substantial magnate. His chief seat was at Beaudesert, a low hill above Henley in Arden in Warwickshire, where extensive earthworks of the family castle still remain. Another important base was at Preston in Rutland. In 1166 Montfort's great-grandfather, another Thurstin de Montfort, had held ten fees from the earl of Warwick, which made him the second greatest of his tenants. The connection with the earls of Warwick, however, played no discernible part in Peter's career, partly because the earldom was held from 1242 until 1263, in right of his wife, by a Poitevin favourite of the king, John de Plessis, who established few local roots. Much more important for Montfort was the family of his grandfather William (I) de Cantilupe (d. 1239), whose principal residence was at Aston Cantlow, only 4 miles from Beaudesert. His father died in 1216 and Montfort spent many years as Cantilupe's ward, developing what was to be a lifelong friendship with his son Walter de Cantilupe, bishop of Worcester from 1238 to 1266. The fleurs-de-lis of the Cantilupe coat of arms were incorporated into Montfort's seal. It was probably ties of neighbourhood that drew both Montfort and Walter de Cantilupe into the circle of Simon de Montfort, for Beaudesert and Aston Cantlow are respectively 9 and 12 miles distant from Kenilworth, after 1244 Earl Simon's great base in England. In 1248 Montfort was in Earl Simon's retinue when the latter went out to Gascony as seneschal and thereafter there are numerous instances of the close connection between the two men. Peter de Montfort attested many of the earl's charters and was probably often in his company; in 1259 he was named as an executor of Simon de Montfort's will. His faithful service was rewarded with a grant of the manor of Ilmington in Warwickshire. Part of that service was doubtless to help Earl Simon build up his following of midlands knights, for Montfort was well connected locally -- in 1260-62 six knights of Warwickshire and Leicestershire acted as his pledges. From 1254 onwards, while Montfort remained close to Earl Simon, his career developed independently. He was employed by Henry III on diplomatic missions, was given an important command in the Welsh marches, and by 1257 was on the royal council. He was also closely connected with Edward, the king's son, whom he had accompanied to Spain for his marriage to Eleanor of Castile in 1254. Fear of being ousted from Edward's entourage by the king's Poitevin half-brothers perhaps gave him a personal interest in the political upheaval of 1258, which began with the half-brothers' expulsion from England. In that upheaval Peter de Montfort played a leading part. He was one of the seven magnates whose confederation in April 1258 began the revolution; he was one of the baronial twelve who were to draw up the plans of reform; and he was one of the council of fifteen set up by the provisions of Oxford to govern England in the king's name. In all these capacities Earl Simon was a colleague. However, unlike the earl (who withdrew to France), Peter de Montfort accepted the king's recovery of power in 1261, and in the following year served the king and Edward as custodian of Abergavenny, which he tried in vain to protect from the attacks of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd. None the less, when Earl Simon returned to England in April 1263 and raised once more the standard of the provisions of Oxford, Peter de Montfort joined him. This time he was to remain with him to the end. When the civil war commenced in March 1264, he was in command of the Montfortians in Northampton and was captured when the town fell to the king on 5 April. Released after Earl Simon's great victory at Lewes (14 May), Peter de Montfort was one of the council of nine imposed on the king (June 1264) and thenceforth played a major part in the direction of central government. In September he was one of those appointed to negotiate with the king of France and the papal legate in the abortive hope of finding some political settlement. His rewards during this period of power included a grant from the king of the manor of Garthorpe in Leicestershire. Montfort accompanied Earl Simon throughout his final campaign and died with him at the battle of Evesham on 4 August 1265. [...] The support Peter de Montfort gave Earl Simon was of the first importance. While a close personal friend and follower, he also enjoyed his own power base in the midlands and an independent career in the service of the king and his son Edward. He possessed considerable abilities as a soldier, diplomat, and councillor. It is highly significant that Earl Simon retained the loyalty of such a man to the last. | de Montfort, Peter (I2835)
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| 1602 | From the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: Fitzgerald, Gerald fitz Maurice (d. 1204), magnate, was a son of Maurice Fitzgerald (d. 1176). He accompanied his father to Ireland and he and his brother Alexander were with him when the Norman garrison in Dublin was besieged in 1171 by Ruaidri " Conchobair, king of Connacht and claimant to the high-kingship. John, son of Henry II, as lord of Ireland confirmed to fitz Maurice c. 1185 - 9 the half cantred of Uí Fáeláin which included Uí Máel Rubae, Rathmore, Maynooth, Laraghbryan, Taghadoe, and Straffan (in Kildare), which had been granted to him by his brother William (d. c. 1199); and also lands in Uí Glaisin in the kingdom of Cork which had devolved to him as heir of his brother Alexander, who had been enfeoffed by Robert fitz Stephen. At some time between 1194 and 1204 Philip of Worcester made to fitz Maurice grants of land in what are now counties Limerick and Tipperary. Gerald fitz Maurice married Eva (d. c. 1225), daughter and heir of Robert of Bermingham, who had been granted Uí Failge (Offaly) by Richard fitz Gilbert, earl of Pembroke and lord of Striguil (known as Strongbow), and succeeded to the lordship of Offaly in right of his wife. He died before 15 January 1204, when Meiler fitz Henry, justiciar, was ordered to give wardship of his heir, custody of his castles, and lands (including the castles of Lea and Geashill in Uí Failge) to William (I) Marshal as lord of Leinster. He was to be succeeded by his son, Maurice Fitzgerald (d. 1257), who had come of age by 1215. His widow, Eva, married Geoffrey fitz Robert (d. 1211), lord of Kells, and Geoffrey de Marisco, justiciar. Gerald fitz Maurice Fitzgerald was ancestor of the earls of Kildare, later dukes of Leinster. | fitz Maurice, Gerald (I1859)
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| 1603 | From the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: He was probably of age by 1222, which suggests a date of birth about 1200, and first appears in royal service in 1233-4 as constable of St Briavels, Gloucestershire. He joined the royal curia, and was appointed knight-deputy to the earl marshal and marshal of the household. The Gascon campaign of 1242–3 proved a turning point in Langley's career. On his return he was given custody of the honour of Arundel. From late 1244 to early 1250 he was associated with the general forest eyre conducted under the headship of Robert Passelewe (d. 1252). On 4 March 1250 he was made chief justice of the forest on both sides of the Trent, an office which he exercised for two and a half years until 25 October 1252. As a forest justice he earned some notoriety. According to Matthew Paris, Langley had gained a reputation for parsimony while marshal of the household. Now he was to be particularly zealous in the interests of the king. Langley's northern eyre was a very lucrative one, and undoubtedly caused murmurings. By 1252 Langley was at the height of his power and high in royal esteem, being a particular favourite of the queen. A member of the council, he functioned as a guardian of the king's young daughter, Margaret, queen of Scots, during 1252–3, but made himself unpopular in Scotland and was removed. Then in March 1254 he took responsibility for the English and Welsh lands of the young Prince Edward. This proved to be a disaster, however, for he provoked the Welsh rising of November 1256. Paris says that he conducted himself here in a typically high-handed manner, while the Dunstable annalist writes of him as trying to bring Wales under English law, and ordering the introduction into that country of shires and hundreds, while boasting before the king and queen that he had the Welsh in the palm of his hand. Out of favour with the king, he was eventually pardoned on 14 February 1258. In 1262 he was one of the auditors investigating the accounts of Prince Edward's bailiffs. He was unpopular, however, with the opposition baronage, and was among those royalists whose lands were pillaged in the spring of 1263. | de Langley, Geoffrey (I3307)
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| 1604 | From the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: Henry Heydon, also a common lawyer, was knighted at Henry VII's coronation in 1485 and married Anne (d. 1510), daughter of Sir Geoffrey Boleyn of Blickling, Norfolk. He was survived by three sons, the eldest of whom, John Heydon (1468–1550), inherited the Norfolk and Kent estates, and five daughters, for whom he arranged good marriages. Many prominent sixteenth-century East Anglian families (such as the Townshends, Pastons, and Jenneys) owed their rise to a successful fifteenth-century lawyer of humble origins, but even by these standards the rapid ascent of the Heydons is remarkable and owed much to the opportunities and tenacity of the first John Heydon. In the pedigree devised by Clarenceux king of arms for Sir Christopher Heydon in 1563, the family tree before the first John Heydon is fictitious: and the arms of Sir Christopher himself were derived from those of the Hertfordshire Heydons, who were unrelated to the Norfolk family. | Heydon, Henry (I21126)
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| 1605 | From the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: Her short life was dominated by her illustrious elder brother, the godly gentleman John Bruen, who had care of Katherine and ten of her siblings, bringing them up in an atmosphere of strict household discipline and rigorous religious observance. About 1599 Katherine married another of the self-professed godly, William Brettergh of Brettergh Holt, near Liverpool, with whom she had one child, Anne. The two shared an extraordinarily pious lifestyle at Little Woolton in Childwall, Lancashire, reading at least eight chapters of the Bible every day and hearing two sermons on Sundays whenever possible, and she appears to have stiffened his resolve in withstanding the hostility, mockery, and harassment of the parish's strong Roman Catholic minority, organized by a local seminary priest, Thurstan Hunt, and the lord of the manors of Speke and Garston, Edward Norris. In turn, William Brettergh's attempt as high constable of West Derby hundred to apprehend recusants within the parishes of Huyton and Childwall in May 1600 provoked not only a full-scale riot but the maiming of Brettergh's cattle on two separate occasions over the following months. However, it is Katherine's premature and agonizing death rather than her short life which brought her most fame, and which provoked the biographies that provide virtually all the evidence of her godly lifestyle. At the age of twenty-two she succumbed to an unknown illness, and on her deathbed suffered from a terrible crisis of faith, during which she raged against God's unmercifulness and threw her Bible repeatedly to the floor. She died on 31 May 1601. Her agonies formed the centrepiece of a polemical account of her embattled life appended to the two sermons preached by William Harrison and William Leigh at her funeral in Childwall church on 3 June 1601, published together in 1602 as Death's Advantage Little Regarded, of which five editions had appeared by 1617 and a further two by 1641. Harrison in particular attempted to explain her deathbed anguish as the consequence of a diabolical assault on her virtue rather than a providential punishment for sin and hypocrisy. As a result her death became not only a gigantic struggle between God and Satan for her soul, but also, through a pamphlet exchange (of which the Catholic side has unfortunately not survived), a furious debate between Romanists and puritans over which religion could promise the more merciful death. From this perspective the conspicuous absence of any reference to Katherine's deathbed crisis in William Hinde's elaborate biography of her older brother, published in 1641, seems striking, perhaps even deliberately evasive. From the 1885-1900 Dictionary of National Biography: Her biographers are indignant at the imputation that she died despairing. She was buried at Childwall Church on Wednesday, 3 June, as appears from the title of the little book which forms the chief authority as to her life: Death's Advantage little Regarded, or the Soule's Solace against Sorrow, preached in two funerall sermons at Childwall, in Lancashire, at the buriall of Mistris Katherine Brettergh, 3 June 1601. The one by William Harrison, the other by William Leygh, B.D., whereunto is annexed the christian life and godly death of the said gentlewoman, London, 1601. There is a portrait of her in Clarke's second part of the Marrow of Ecclesiastical History, book ii., London, 1675, p. 52, from which it seems that her puritanism did not forbid a very elaborate ruff. The face is oval, the features refined, the hair closely confined by a sort of skull-cap, over which towers a sugarloaf hat. | Bruen, Katherine (I15974)
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| 1606 | From the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: Jollan de Neville's first involvement in public affairs took a military form, when in 1230 he went on Henry III's expedition to Brittany. In 1234–5 he served as a justice itinerant in Yorkshire and Northumberland, on the circuit led by William of York. Later in 1235 he was an assessor of that year's aid from knights' fees in Lincolnshire. Engagement in royal business did not prevent Neville's attending to his own affairs. Between 1233 and 1236 he engaged in litigation in defence of the franchises of his manor of Shorne, while in 1238/9 he was sued by both the king and Richard, earl of Cornwall, over the marriage of a ward. In January 1241 Neville was appointed to inspect the king's castles in Lincolnshire. But he was soon once more employed on judicial business, serving as a justice itinerant under Robert of Lexinton in the west and north of England between April and November 1241. In July it was ordered that he be paid 20 marks for his expenses. In Michaelmas term 1242 he became a justice of the common bench at Westminster, a position he appears to have retained until his death. But he also acted as a justice of assize and gaol delivery in Nottinghamshire and Lincolnshire in 1243, and as a justice itinerant in Middlesex in 1244, and in Norfolk and Suffolk in 1245. A fine records his presence in the bench on 20 January 1246, but he was dead by 5 October following. […] The suggestion that the elder Jollan de Neville gave his name to the collection of exchequer records known by 1298 as the Testa de Nevill appears to have been first made in Dugdale's Baronage of England (1675). No evidence survives to support it, and in any case Jollan's expertise was judicial rather than financial. | de Nevill, Jollan (I30293)
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| 1607 | From the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: Mortimer, Roger (I) de (fl. 1054 - c. 1080), magnate, may never have set foot in England but was the progenitor of the Mortimer family whose importance in English history lasted until the male line died out in the early fifteenth century. His parentage is not certain, and different theories have been put forward to account for the evidence, in particular a charter attestation by a 'Roger, son of Ralph de Warenne', and the statements of the earliest genealogist of the family, Robert de Torigny, in the early twelfth century. Most plausibly Roger was the son of Ralph (I) de Warenne and his wife, Béatrice, who is shown to have been a niece of Duke Richard of Normandy by the later statement of Archbishop Anselm that the Warennes and the dukes then shared an ancestor four generations back on one side and six on the other. That parentage would make Roger (I) de Mortimer a second cousin once removed of Duke William, the conqueror of England. In any case he was certainly related in some way to the ducal house. From Complete Peerage IX:266-7: Roger de Mortemer, Seigneur of Mortemer-sur-Eaulne in Normandy, was one of the leaders of the Norman forces at the battle of Mortemer in 1054, but having assisted the escape of one of the French prisoner, Ralph, Count of Montdidier, to whom he had done homage, he was exiled and his lands confiscated. He was afterwards reconciled to Duke William and some of his lands were restored to him, though not Moretmer, which had been given to his consanguineus William de Warrene; Saint-Victor-en-Caux thereupon became the caput of the Norman honour of the family. He is said to have founded the abbey of Saint-Victor-en-Caux. He was living in 1078 or later, but was dead in 1086, when his son Ralph appears in Domesday Book. He married Hawise (c). (c) Hawise and Ralph her son gave land in Mers in the diocese of Amiens to the abbey; in 1192 Theobald, Bishop of Amiens, confirmed this gift at Mers. The fact that Hawise held land at Mers in Le Vimeu explains the homage done by Roger de Mortimer to Ralph, Count of Montdider, and suggests that the marriage was earlier than 1054, the date of the battle of Mortemer. Since Hawise and her son join in this gift, she appears to have survived her husband. | de Mortimer, Roger (I10194)
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| 1608 | From the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: Sir David Lindsay, normally styled 'of Crawford', Sir Alexander's eldest son, had earlier been captured by the English with his brothers Alexander and Reginald, and he remained in prison until late in 1314, when he was probably exchanged for an Englishman taken at Bannockburn. Already a knight by that date, he was a witness to several important documents, notably the declaration of Arbroath in 1320, the truce with England of 1323, and the treaty of Edinburgh of 17 March 1328. Lindsay obtained various grants of land in Annandale from Robert I, and is recorded as keeper of Berwick in 1329. After the renewal of Anglo-Scottish hostilities, he was forfeited by Edward III in 1337 of his lands of Byres and of tenements at Chamberlain-Newton in Roxburghshire. He was never close to David II, but rather was an associate of Robert the Steward, his likely kinsman, who as guardian of Scotland appointed him constable of Edinburgh Castle in 1346, after the king's capture at Nevilles Cross. Lindsay was, however, granted several safe conducts to visit England to negotiate for David's release. | Lindsay, David (I27288)
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| 1609 | From the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: Wode, Sir Thomas (d. 1502), judge, was perhaps the most obscure chief justice of the Tudor period. Although some of the heralds placed his origins in Fulbourn, Cambridgeshire, and others have placed him in Cheshire and Suffolk, the armorial evidence shows all those families to have been different; the lawyer's distinctive arms, granted in the reign of Edward IV, included three demi-woodmen carrying clubs, in allusion to his name. Sir Thomas seems rather to have originated in the south of England, since he mentions Salisbury in his will as his mother church, and his first known retainer was as counsel to Winchester College in Hampshire from 1475 to 1485. He is mentioned as a gentleman of London in 1473, suggesting that he was born in the 1450s or earlier, and the inn of court to which he belonged by the 1470s may be supposed (by elimination) to have been the Middle Temple, for which there is no list of benchers from this period. Wode's name occurs as counsel in the year-books for 1477, and the following year he became a justice of the peace for Berkshire and member of parliament for Wallingford. By then he had acquired an estate at Childrey in the same county, and he later married Margaret, née Delamare (d. 1499), widow of Robert Leynham (d. 1491) of Tidmarsh. She had a young son, Henry, from her first marriage, who was still a minor when Wode died and whom he treated generously in his will. In 1486 Wode was called to the degree of the coif, and two years later made one of the king's serjeants; many of his arguments are reported in the year-books and in Caryll's reports. It may be supposed that he became a member of Serjeants' Inn, Fleet Street, next to the Whitefriars (Carmelites) because he made a bequest to keep a white friar of London a scholar for seven years. On 24 November 1495 he was appointed one of the puisne justices of the common pleas, and on 28 October 1500 was advanced to the chief justiceship of the same court, with a knighthood the next year. As an assize judge he went on the western circuit from 1487 to 1500, but as chief justice he took the home circuit. Wode's presidency of the common pleas was short and unremarkable, ending with his death on 31 August 1502. In accordance with his last will, made three days earlier, he was buried near the lady chapel of Reading Abbey, which was demolished in the sixteenth century. He left a gold ring with a ruby and two books to Thomas Frowyk, serjeant-at-law, who succeeded him as chief justice before the following term. His sole daughter and heir, Elizabeth, married Sir Thomas Stukeley of Affeton in Devon. | Wode, Thomas (I30503)
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| 1610 | From the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: [...] William was still under age in 1256, but had begun to earn his sobriquet of le Hardi, 'the Tough', by 1267, when he was severely wounded defending his father's house. Before 1288, when he was a widower, he had married Elizabeth, daughter of Alexander Stewart and sister of James Stewart, both stewards of Scotland. In that year, at Tranent in Haddingtonshire, he seized Eleanor de Lorain, the widow of William de Ferrars, who was in Scotland to take sasine of her third of Ferrars's sixth of the lordship of Galloway. Imprisoned in Leeds Castle (Kent) in 1290, Douglas fined for £100 on 18 February 1291 for the marriage of the lady. He was not named in the Great Cause of 1291–2, except that he swore fealty to Edward I as overlord, near Dunbar on 5 July 1291. During these two years, when three men of John de Balliol came to Douglas Castle, William threw them into the dungeon, beheaded one, allowed another to die, and (most unwisely) let the third escape to John, now king. Douglas was fined for absence from John's first parliament in February 1293, but attended the August 1293 parliament to answer for his misdeeds. About 1292 he had refused to deliver her terce (or widow's portion) to his mother, and when she successfully took legal action against him, he seized the justiciar's officials who had come from Lanark to Douglas Castle to levy damages of 140 merks and to deliver sasine to the lady, detained them overnight, promised to release them, but still delayed doing so; his excuse was that he needed time to raise the money. Whatever fine was imposed on this trouble-maker did not prevent his being placed in command of Berwick Castle in 1295 by the council set over King John to resist Edward I. When the town fell quickly to Edward I's invading army on 30 March 1296, the castle garrison of 200 surrendered for life, limb, lands, and goods, but Douglas was to be attached to Edward's household until the campaign ended. On 10 June 1296 he swore fealty to Edward, the fourth rebelling magnate to do so, and on 28 August his lands were restored. On 24 May 1297, along with other barons, he was told to hear and obey the king's agents in Scotland—doubtless to join Edward in service in France. The threat of that service may have been the factor which pushed Douglas, before the end of May, into joining the rising of William Wallace by attacking the king's justiciar at Scone. Robert Bruce, earl of Carrick (the future Robert I), to prove his loyalty to the king, ravaged Douglasdale and seized William's wife and children, but soon launched his own rebellion with James Stewart; William Douglas, possibly to save his family, joined them, both in rebelling and in their submission at Irvine on 7 July 1297. Surrendered to the English by his allies, Douglas was taken to Berwick, and, 'very wild and very abusive', was imprisoned in Berwick Castle in irons. His gaoler begged the king 'let him not be freed, not for any profit or influence', and he was indeed transferred south for safe keeping after the English defeat at the battle of Stirling Bridge in September. From 13 October 1297 he was a prisoner in the Tower of London, attended by one valet, until he died there on 9 November 1298. The story in Barbour's Bruce that Edward I had him poisoned (after spending 4d. per day keeping him alive) is to be dismissed; but Edward certainly gave his estate of Douglas to Sir Robert Clifford, perhaps while he was still alive. It was a suitably dismal end of the road for a career of political expediency and physical violence. | Douglas, William (I28971)
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| 1611 | From the Workman compilation by Allan Baumbach from Dr. Banks's Cates files: 1776 Election of delegates from Orange county to the fourth Provincial Congress. JOHN WORKMAN voted as a landowner. From Article on the Antioch Baptist Church, by Dr. Banks R. Cates, Jr. "William Lindsey Durham, as well as his sons Isaac, William Junior and John Durham were active in the Haw River Mountain Baptist Church. Also active were Richard Cate-5, son of Richard of Haw river, and Thomas Workman, son of Cane Creek Baptist Trustee JOHN WORKMAN & HIS WIFE SYLVIA CATE. Thomas Workmans' wife was Mary, daughter of Richard Cate of Haw River." 14 Dec 1778 land entry for JOHN WORKMAN, 190 acres on the waters of Little Cain Creek adjoining Burnett Cate & Mary Sikes. (Orange Co. Land Entries) 1779 Orange Count Tax List: No listing for JOHN WORKMAN. 13 Aug 1779 - Land entry for Barnett Cate, 350 acres on little Cain creek, a branch of Haw River, adjoining Thomas Cate & John Cate, and including his own improvement; and including a 100 acre claim purchased from JOHN WORKMAN. entry Taker: John Butler. (Ibid) 1781 Orange County Tax list, Caswell District: JOHN WORKEMAN, 540 pds, no land listed, 1 horse, 9 cattle. 1782 Orange County Tax List, Caswell District: JOHN WORKMAN, 190 acres, 2 horses, 4 cattle. 1783 Orange County Tax List, Caswell District: JOHN WORKMAN, 190 acres, no slaves, 3 horses, 7 cattle. 1785 Orange County Tax List, Caswell District: JOHN WORKMAN, 190 acres, 1 free pole, no black poll. 15 Oct 1786 - Entry for Thomas Cate, 225 acres on Cain Creek, adjoining Jno. Cates, JNO. WORKMAN, Fred K. William, and his own land.(North Carolina Land Grants) 1787 Orange County Tax List, Caswell District: JOHN WORKMAN, 190 acres, 1 free poll, no black poll. 1787 Orange County Court of Pleas & Quarter Sessions: Wm. Riley was appointed Overseer of Road from the old trading Road by Abner Tapp's to Woody's road at or near JNO. WORKMAN'S, and the following persons were to work under him: JNO. WORKMAN, Frederick Williams, Joseph Weeks, Phillip Austin, Joshua Witty, Abner Tapp, James Watson, James Riley, Jun., and Thomas Bailiff. 1788 Orange County Tax List, Caswell District: JOHN WORKMAN, 190 acres, 1 free poll, no black poll. 20 Aug 1789 - Thomas Durham of Orange Co. deeded to Thomas Cate,preacher, Thomas Cate, Robert Cate, John Strother, Richard Cate, JOHN WORKMAN, Barnard Cate, Joseph Cate, Mary Christmas jointly trustees of Orange co. for twenty shillings, one acre, for use of building a meeting house to hold public meetings & Thanksgivings for the Meanes & Blessing of Almighty God, on the old path joining, John Strouther's line wit: Thomas Basket & Mark Cooper. S/ Thomas Durham. 1790 Orange County Tax List, Caswell District: JOHN WORKMAN, 1 white poll, 100 acres. 7 Jan 1791 - Thomas Cate & Elizabeth Cate deeded to Thomas Basket 28 acres on John Basket"s line, on Robett Cate's Spring Branch. Wit: John Fawcet, Robert Cate & JOHN WORKMAN. 1791 Orange County Tax List, Caswell District: JOHN WORKMAN, 100 acres, 1 free poll, no black poll. 1792 Orange County Tax List, Caswell District: JOHN WORKMAN, 100 acres, 1 free poll, no black poll. 24 Dec 1793 - Joseph Cate signed his will in Orange County. He named as legatees his wife Ann; his sons Stephen, Charles and Solomon; his daughters Elizabeth and Sale. His land was on Cane Creek, John Cate's line, at mouth of Hogg Branch, down to below mouth of Turkey Hill Creek, adjacent James Kirk, Thomas Basket, Thomas Durham. Exec: brother Thomas Cate, wife Ann Cate. Wit: John Cate, Elizabeth Cate & JOHN WORKMAN. (Orange Co. Wills) 1794 Orange County Tax List, Caswell District: JOHN WORKMAN, 100 acres, 1 free poll, no black poll. 23 Dec 1794 - Survey for Barnard Cate, 25 acres on the waters of Little Cane Creek adjacent Thomas Lindley & JOHN WORKMAN. S.C.B:Robert Moore & Moses Austin. Surveyor: Charles Christmas, D.S. 14 Mar 1795 - Thomas Lindly signed a bond in Orange County for marriage to Marian Laws. Bondsman: JOHN WORKMAN. 22 May 1795 - Joseph Weeks and wife of Orange County deeded to JOHN WORKMAN of same 100 acres on little Cain Creek adjacent Widdow Parker(now Chamber's line) and Luis Thomas (now Thomas Linnly) Wit: Thomas Cate & Isaiah Cate. (Orange Co. NC Deeds) 1796 Orange County Tax List, Caswell District: JOHN WORKMAN, 350 acres, 1 free poll, no black poll. 1797 Orange County Tax List, Caswell District: JOHN WORKMAN, 325 acres, 1 free poll, no black poll. 16 June 1798 - Barnard Cate made oath before Archibald Campbell, Justice of the Peace for Orange County, that he had entered a claim with John Butler, Entry Taker, for 250 acres, had paid the purchase money and had purchased a claim from JOHN WORKMAN for 100 acres. 31 May 1799 - Thomas Cate, Newberry Co. South Carolina, deeded to John Cate of Orange Co. NC 320 acres on both sides of Bear Creek, adjoining Thomas Baskett, Robert Cate, John Cate, Johnston, Frederick Williams & JOHN WORKMAN; "only I accept to myself three rod square concluding the grave yard." Wit: Elisha Cate, Charles Cate & Thomas Baskett.(Ibid) 27 Aug 1799 - Barnard Cate deeded to JOHN WORKMAN 130 acres on the bank of Cain Creek, on John Cates' line. Wit: Charles Christmas & John Crutchfield. (Ibid) 28 Feb 1800 - Robert Cate & Sarah Cate deeded to JOHN WORKMAN 220 acres in Orange Co. adjoining Sackfield Brewer, Thomas Baskett, Robert Cate's Spring branch, Bear Creek to John Cate's land, along Thomas Cate's line, "a tract that I purchased of Thomas Cate dated 1790 and a tract that I surveyed 17 Nov 1790" Wit: Elisha Cate & David Williams.(Ibid) 1800 Orange Co. NC Census, M32-34, Pg. 606 John Workman, 45 & over,2 males 10-16, 2 males 0-10, 1 female 26-45, 2 females 16-26, 1 female 10-16, 3 & females 0-10. 1800 Orange County Tax List, Caswell District: JOHN WORKMAN not listed. Rich'd Workman listed. 1801 Orange County Tax List, Caswell District: JOHN WORKMAN, 550 acres, 1 free poll, no black poll. 26 Oct 1801 - JOHN WORKMAN deeded to David Williams 220 acres on Sackfield Brewers corner, Thomas Baskets line, Robert Cates Spring branch, up Bare Creek, adjoining John Cates land, Thomas Cates line. Wit: Charles Wortham & Timothy Woods. (Orange co. Deeds) 9 Mar 1803 - William F. Strudwick of Orange County deeded to JOHN WORKMAN of same 30 acres on Hog branch of Cain Creek. Witness: Samuel Benton. 1806 State of North Carolina deeded to JOHN WORKMAN 100 acres on Cain Creek adjoining John Crutchfield, Benjamin Crutchfield & James Chambers. 23 Feb 1806 - Bernard Cate, Junior, deeded to JOHN WORKMAN 39 acres in Orange County on Cain creek adjacent Barnard Cate, Senior, Charles Cate, William Wood John Sykes. Witnesses: Peter Williams & Barnard Cate. Oct 1807 - Cane Creek Meeting House was represented at the annual meeting of the Sandy Creek Baptist association at Unity meeting House in Randolph County by Thomas Cate & JOHN WORKMAN. (History of Sandy Creek Bapt. Church) 1810 Orange Co. Census: JOHN WORKMAN, 45, 1 male 16-26; 1 male 10-16;2 females 10-16; 2 males 0-10; 1 female 0-10. (No FEMALE over 45 listed.) 28 Oct 1815 - Cane Creek Meeting House was represented at the annual meeting of the Sandy Creek Baptist Assoc. at Rock Spring Meeting House in Chatham County by Charles Cate & JOHN WORKMAN. 1816 Federal Direct Tax for Orange County: JOHN WORKMAN, Cain Creek; 573 acres; $1,280. 5 Mar 1818 - JOHN WORKMAN deeded to Samuel Holaday Jun of Chatham County 160 acres on the south side of Haw River on the side of the river. Witnesses: Jos Holaday & Thomas Workman. Oct 1816 - The Cain Creek Meeting House was represented at the annual meeting of the Sandy Creek Baptist Association, at Brush Creek Meetinghouse in Randolph County, by JOHN WORKMAN, Aaron Durham, Elisha Kirk &R. Mabry. 5 Mar 1818 - JOHN WORKMAN deeded to Samuel Holaday Jun of Chatham County 160 acres on the south side of Haw river on the side of the river. Witnesses: Jos Holaday & Thomas Workman. 1820 Orange County Census: JOHN WORKMAN, male over 45; FEMALE over 45; 1 female 16-45; 1 male 18-26; 1 male 10-16; 1 female 10-16; 1 male 0-10; 2 females 0-10. 28 Jun 1823 - Joseph Allison deeded to JOHN WORKMAN 164 3/4 acres on Cane Creek on the old Strudwick line. witnesses: Thomas Tinnen & John Armstrong. 3 Mar 1824 - Barnard Cate signed his will in Orange co. Exec. John Sykes, Robert Hastings & William Thompson Wit: JOHN WORKMAN, William Workman & W. Thompson. (Orange co. Wills) 9 Jun 1824 - JOHN WORKMAN deeded to Bartley Wolden 81 acres & 24 poles on the south side of Haw river adjacent Samuel Woody, Thomas Workmans line, Samuel Holladays corner. Witnesses: Nathaniel Newlin & Jacob Newlin. Nov 1826 - The will of Barnard Cate was probated, Orange County Court,by oath of JOHN WORKMAN & William Workman. Robert Hastings qualified as executor. May 1829 - Minutes of the Cane Creek Baptist Church: Saturday before the 4th Sunday in May AD 1829. Complaint brought against Brother Robert Cheek for fighting. Appointed Brother JOHN WORKMAN to sight him to next meeting. Jun 1830 - Minutes of Cane Creek Baptist Church: Bro JOHN WORKMAN to invite Azariah Reaves to attend next meeting. Nov Term 1831 - John Cate, Thomas Cate, Richard Cate, Mary wife of Burke Walker, Nancy wife of William Holt(Mountain), and Martha Cate requested the Court of Pleas & quarter Sessions of Orange Co. to appoint 5 commissioners to divide the tract of land that had belonged to John Cate, who died in 1828. This consisted of 447 1/2 acres on Cain Creek Adjacent JOHN WORKMAN, John Sykes & John Crutchfield. The jacket of the document listed the names of Thomas Brewer, Joel Parish,Wm. Thompson, Jno. Caruthers & David Roach as Commissioners.(Inventories of Estates & Wills Orange Co. NC) Dec 1831 - Minutes of Cain creek Baptist Church: Brethren Oldham, JOHN WORKMAN, & Robert Watson were appointed to visit with Susan Sykes &know her reason for not coming to church meeting. 14 Jan 1832 - Thos. Brewer, Joel Parish & J. Caruthers, Commissioners,filed their report on parititioning of the land of John Cate, Senr.,Decd. A survey by Hugh Mulholland, Survr. divided the land into two tracts. Tract A, 469 acres "wheron he lived at his death" was bounded by Bear Creek, Cain creek, Hog branch, Barnard Cate, John Crutchfield,John Sykes, JOHN WORKMAN & Elisha Cate. 17 Nov 1837 - JOHN WORKMAN, SEN., deeded to James Workman 50 acres on Cain Creek adjacent John Crutchfield & Thomas Cate. witnesses: Thomas Cate & Wiatt Cate. 25 Dec 1837 - Keziah Cates deeded to James Cates 8 acres on Cain Creek adjacent Burke Walker, JOHN WORKMAN & William Thompson. Wit: Wiatt Cate & Huldah Cate. (Orange Co. NC Deeds) 1840 Orange County Census: JOHN WORKMAN, 80-90; FEMALE 80-90; 2 females 20-30; 2 females 15-20. 1840 "names of female members of Cane Creek Church" for May the 31st 1829 lists SILVIA WORKMAN, with the notation that she died in 1840. Aug 1840 Minutes of the Cane Creek Baptist Church: Church met in conference opened the way for reception of members JOHN WORKMAN Cynthy Crutchfield Elizabeth Howard Nancy Howard Waddy O Daniel Milly Sykes William Thomas John C. Workman Susana Cheek William Cheek Mary Ann Cate Nash Cheek Sally Howard Elvis Bishop came foreward & were received for Baptism. 10 Oct 1842 - JOHN WORKMAN of Orange County deeded to Thomas Workman of Chatham County 110 acres in Orange County on North side of Cain Creek adjacent John Cates & James Workman. Witnesses: Thomas Workman &Sarah Workman. DEATH: 5 Jun 1847 Orange Co. NC (Source: Sharon Workman Straight) Aug 1847 - Weatt Cato Adm of William Walker decd. vs. Jesse Workman & other heirs at Law of John Workman decd. Whereas a justice executions has been returned to this Court levied on John Workman's interest in a tract of land lying on Cain creek in Orange County adjoining the lands of Hannah Walker, Weatt Cato, Thomas D. Cato & others & containing one hundred acres more or less at the insistance of Weatt Cato adm of William Walker decd for the sum of one dollar & five cents with interest from the 19th of July 1845 & cost. And whereas the said John Workman has died since the levying of the above execution but before Notice was served on him according to law. You are therefore hereby commissioned to make known to Jesse Workman, David Williams, Jesse Pickard, David Cato, Rhoda Workman, Sarah O'Daniel, Thomas Workman, Richard Workman, William Workman, Green Workman, Jonathan Workman, Charles Austin & Moses Carroll heirs at law of John Workman decd that they be & appear at the next term of our court of pleas and Quarter session to be held for the county of Orange at the Court House in Hillsboro on the fourth Monday of November next. To November Term 1847 made know to Jesse Workman, David Williams, Jesse Pickard & Rhoda Workman. The others not to be found. -- Turrentine Sheriff. 30 Mar 1848 - Sheriff sold to Thomas S. Cate 144 acres adjacent JNO. WORKMAN, Jno Crutchfield & the Great Road the land where widow Hannah Walker now lives on Cain Creek adjacent Wyat Cate & Frederick Reever: and 50 acres adjacent Allen Petty, Thos Cate & Jno Crutchfield. The Sheriff had a judgement against Sidney W. Walker, Julia Ann Walker & George W. Walker, heirs of William Walker, decd, by James Webb, Jr. & Long Webb. Thomas S. Cate was the highest bidder. (Orange Co. NC Deeds) 1850 "Names of Male Members of Cane Creek Church" of May the 31st 1829 lists JOHN WORKMAN, with the notation that he died about 1849. Undated roster of around 1843-1854 states that JOHN WORKMAN was baptised 1840, died 1850. 28 Nov 1850 - Sheriff sold to Thomas J. Cate 100 acres on Cain Creek adjacent Hannah Walker, Wyat Cate, Thomas B. Cate and others. The sheriff had a judgement against the heirs of JOHN WORKMAN, DECD, with interest since 3 April 1847, discovered by Thomas Workman. Thomas J. Cate was the highest bidder. | Workman, John (I10709)
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| 1612 | From W. J. Hardy, "Essex Charities." The Home Counties Magazine, 1:300, 1899: Inquisition taken at Kelvedon, 7 August, 42 Elizabeth. The jury say that John Marler, late of Kelvedon, gentleman, by his will, dated 20 June, 7 Henry V., A.D. 1419, devised that two "rentayres" wherein "Petronell and one John Owen did then inhabit," should for ever be upheld and repaired "to harbour and lodge poor people," and if they should not be so kept, then he willed that two new "rentayres" lately [built] between the tenement late John Gerard's, and the garden called Brendhouse Garden extending towards Kelvedon church, being then in the hands of his feoffees and executors, should remain and be so employed to the upholding of the two "rentayres." And also one acre of meadow lying in Broad Mead in Kelvedon, which was purchased of Robert Durward. And also 5s. yearly rent out of the lands formerly John Graye's, lying near Inford Mill; and 4d. yearly rent out of the lands of John Tunbye lying at Boundshill. The which acre of meadow, two tenements, newly erected as aforesaid, to be let to farm without any income taken, and the rents employed as follows, viz.: -- "To pay the friars, to sing mass at his obit day 2s., and to rehearse his name in the pulpit, and Joan his wife, and Alice at Fenn, his mother, and the sexton to ring ever end to the solempe mass ever more lasting, 6d.; the parish clerk and the holy water clerk to help to say the mass and to sing by note, either of them, 4d. And if they be out of the way or do it not, then not to have it. The over plus of the said rents issuing out of the said lands, etc. (the almshouses being maintained in good repair, "with the well at Keldon Tye and porch over it and ropes and buckets to it,") to be bestowed by the executors to the poor of the parish of Kelvedon, "as well to such as for shame cannot ask, as to others within the parish of Kelvedon." Which lands and rents he willed should never be sold, nor the profits taken to the use of John his son, but "ever more lasting" remain in the hands of six honest and sufficient men of the parish of Kelvedon. The jury found that the two new rents called Starborowes, the acre of meadow in Broad Mead, the 5s. rent out of land called Grayes, and the 4d. rent out of the land of John Tunbye, were not employed to the uses specified but to private uses, viz.: -- Mr. Beston holds the two new tenements, Leonard Aylett the acre of meadow, John Aylett part of the lands called Grayes, and ----- Pitman, "in the right of a child," holds the tenement, sometime John Tunbye's, now called Wren Park; and that the two said "rentayres," were not repaired by the executors of the said John [Marler] according to his will. An order was made at the Lion at Kelvedon 19 January, 43 Elizabeth, by which it was found that Richard Blennerhasset and others were surviving feoffees of the premises, and that they permitted the profits to be mis-employed, carried away, and converted to the private uses of Thomas Beston and Leonard and John Aylett, contrary to the gift of the said Marler. It was ordered that the claim of the said Beston and the others in the premises, should be immediately vested in the said surviving trustees, to hold to the intent that the profits should be employed to the charitable purposes above mentioned. It was further ordered that the said 5s. rent from the said tenement, etc., called Grays, and the said 4d. from Boundshill should for ever be paid by the landsholder of the premises to the said Blennerhasset and the others, "and to the overseers of the poor people of the parish of Kelvedon," at the Annunciation of our Lady and at Michaelmas; and that the same rents should be employed according to the true intent of the said John Marler. | Marler, John (I3326)
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| 1613 | From Walter Goodwin Davis (citation details below): The village of Pebmarsh in the county of Essex is not far from the compact and busy little town of Halstead, but the winding lanes by which it is approached give it a feeling of remoteness. It is a purely agricultural parish, divided, as are many Essex parishes, into several small manors which are not more than large farms in extent. In such a parish yeoman families seem often to have acquired considerable wealth, and a position, through leasing the manors of absentee landlords, comparable to that of the provincial gentry. Of such were the Cookes and the Sydays of Pebmarsh. Their holdings were large, not only in their own parish, but in the neighboring villages of Alphamston, Lamarshe, Bures-at-Mount and in the town of Halstead, and during Cromwellian times their Puritan leanings, added to their wealth, brought them into prominence. In the Visitation of Essex, 1684, the Cookes entered a pedigree, stating that their first Pebmarsh ancestor had come from the Essex parish of Horkesley and that "the ancient arms of this family of Cooke remaineth on a grave stone in Horkesley Church where one of the Ancestors lieth buried with the said arms." This coat was: Sable, three bendlets argent; Crest: a cockatrice statant argent, wings or, beaked and combed gules, and thus it may still be seen, not in the church of Horkesley but in that of Pebmarsh. It was exemplified or confirmed by the Clarencieux King of Arms in 1585 to John Cooke of Little Stambridge, son of Robert Cooke of Pebmarsh, with the difference of a field azure. JOHN COOKE is stated in the Visitation pedigree to have come from Horkesley to Pebmarsh and to have married a daughter of the family of Newton. This would have been in the last years of the fifteenth century or early in the sixteenth. John Cooke, Senior, witnessed the will of John Syday, whose daughter married Cooke's son, in 1589. | Cooke, John (I31171)
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| 1614 | From Wikipedia ("John Twynyho", retrieved 12 Sep 2018): "John Twynyho (c.1440 - 30 September 1485) (alias Twynyhoe, Twynihoe, etc.) of Cirencester, Bristol, and Lechlade, all in Gloucestershire, was a lawyer and wealthy wool merchant who served as Recorder of Bristol, as a Member of Parliament for Bristol in Gloucestershire in 1472-5 and in 1484 and for the prestigious county seat Gloucestershire in 1476. In 1478 he was Attorney General to Lord Edward (the future King Edward V), eldest son and heir of King Edward IV." | Twynyho, John (I17651)
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| 1615 | From Wikipedia ("William Greville", retrieved 12 Sep 2018): "William Greville (died 1 October 1401) (alias Grevel, Graville, Grevill, etc.), of Chipping Campden in Gloucestershire and a Citizen of the City of London, was a prominent wool-merchant and is the ancestor of the present Greville Earls of Warwick. The Latin inscription on his ledger stone in Chipping Campden Church, which he rebuilt at his own expense, describes him as flos mercatorum lanar(iorum) tocius (totius) Angli(a)e, "the flower of the wool-merchants of all England". [...] He was amongst the richest and most influential wool merchants of his era and was the leading purchaser of wool from the Cotswold Hills." | Greville, William (I17645)
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| 1616 | From Wikipedia (accessed 1 Feb 2019): He matriculated as a sizar of Christ's College, Cambridge, in November 1565, and graduated B.A. 1571, M.A. 1574. He was appointed lecturer at Wethersfield, Essex, about 1577. In 1583 he, with twenty-six others, petitioned the privy council against Archbishop John Whitgift's three articles, and against Bishop Aylmer's proceedings on them at his visitation. Whitgift suspended all the petitioners. After a suspension of eight months Rogers resumed his preaching, and was restored to his ministry through the intervention of Sir Robert Wroth. Rogers espoused the presbyterian movement under Thomas Cartwright, and signed the Book of Discipline. He is mentioned by Richard Bancroft as one of a classis round Braintree side, together with Culverwell, Gifford, and others. In 1598 and 1603 he was accordingly again in trouble; on the former occasion before the ecclesiastical commission, and on the latter for refusing the oath ex officio. He owed his restoration to the influence of William Knollys, 1st Earl of Banbury. Under the episcopate of Richard Vaughan, bishop of London between 1604 and 1607, he enjoyed considerable freedom; but under Vaughan's successor, Thomas Ravis, he was again in trouble. | Rogers, Rev. Richard (I23360)
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| 1617 | From Wikipedia (accessed 1 Nov 2020): Robert Charles Wickliffe […] was Lieutenant Governor and the 15th Governor of Louisiana from 1856 to 1860. He was born in Bardstown, Kentucky at Wickland to Governor (and later U.S. Postmaster General), Charles A. Wickliffe. His maternal grandfather was the famed Colonel Crips, an Indian fighter in Kentucky. Wickliffe attended several schools including St. Joseph's College in Bardstown and Augusta College. He graduated from Centre College in Danville, Kentucky in 1840 and resided in Washington, DC during his father's tenure as Postmaster General in the Tyler Administration. He studied law under United States Attorney General Hugh Lagare and was admitted to the Kentucky bar. In 1843, Wickliffe married Anna Dawson, the daughter of Louisiana Congressman John Bennett Dawson and niece of Louisiana Governor Isaac Johnson. In 1846, the Wickliffes moved to St. Francisville, Louisiana so Robert could recover from pneumonia at his wife's family's plantation, Wyoming. Wickliffe ran for the Louisiana State Senate in 1851 as a Democrat and won. Reelected in 1853, he is appointed Chairman of the Commission on Public Education, and became President Pro Tempore of the Louisiana Senate when W. W. Farmer became Lieutenant Governor. When Farmer died in office in 1854, Wickliffe, as President Pro Temp, became Lieutenant Governor. In 1855, Wickliffe was nominated as the Democratic candidate for Governor of Louisiana. He went on to defeat Charles Derbigny, son of former Governor Pierre Derbigny, who was running on the Know Nothing ticket. In winning, Wickliffe drew 3,000 more votes than Derbigny and carried 31 of 48 parishes. In his inaugural address in Baton Rouge, Governor Wickliffe advocated a united Democratic South to protect state's rights and he championed the expansion of American power to the Caribbean, Mexico, Cuba and Central America in order to protect slavery in the United States. His administration continued the trend of railroad building, but critics claimed he ignored public education. The Panic of 1857 caused unrest and depression throughout the country and Louisiana was hard hit. Governor Wickliffe blamed a loosely managed Board of Currency in Louisiana. As a consequence, he ordered banks to make weekly statements to the Board of Currency. The unrest changed to violence in New Orleans, which was under Know Nothing control, and Wickliffe was forced to dispatch the militia to ensure the validity of the 1858 elections. After his term as Governor ended, Wickliffe returned to planting and the practice of law in St. Francisville. In the Presidential election of 1860, Wickliffe joined Senator Pierre Soulé in backing Stephen A. Douglas. The other Louisiana Senator, John Slidell, backed former Vice President John C. Breckinridge from Kentucky. Wickliffe was selected to be a delegate for Douglas at the Democratic National Convention in Baltimore, Maryland. In 1861, Wickliffe did not actively support secession and during the Civil War he tried to act as an intermediary between the Confederacy and the Union. After the war was over, in 1865, Wickliffe was elected to the United States House of Representatives representing Louisiana's 3rd congressional district. He was not seated as Louisiana was deemed "not reconstructed." Wickliffe married his second wife, Anna Davis Anderson in 1870. He was elected a delegate to the Democratic National Convention supporting Samuel J. Tilden in 1876 and in 1884 was delegate supporting Grover Cleveland. In 1892, he reentered electoral politics when he was nominated for Lieutenant Governor by the Louisiana Lottery faction of the Democratic Party. Wickliffe lost to anti-lottery Democrats led by Murphy James Foster. Wickliffe died while visiting relatives in Kentucky on April 18, 1895. | Wickliffe, Robert Charles Governor of Louisiana (I12171)
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| 1618 | From Wikipedia (accessed 13 Apr 2021): John Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset, 3rd Earl of Somerset [...] was an English nobleman and military commander during the Hundred Years War. He was the maternal grandfather of Henry VII. [...H]e was the second son of John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset (1371-1410), the eldest of the four legitimized children of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, by his mistress Katherine Swynford. John of Gaunt was the third surviving son of King Edward III. His wife was Margaret Holland (1385-1439), a daughter of Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent, the son of Joan "the Fair Maid of Kent", a grand-daughter of King Edward I and wife of Edward the Black Prince (eldest brother of John of Gaunt) and mother of King Richard II. In 1418 he became 3rd Earl of Somerset, having succeeded his elder brother Henry Beaufort, 2nd Earl of Somerset (1401-1418), who died unmarried, aged 17, whilst fighting for the Lancastrian cause at the Siege of Rouen in France, under the command of their uncle Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter (1377-1426). He fought in the 1419 French campaigns of his cousin King Henry V. In 1421 he accompanied his step-father Thomas of Lancaster, Duke of Clarence (the king's younger brother) on a campaign in Anjou, France. Thomas was killed at the Battle of Baugé (22 March 1421), while Somerset and his younger brother were captured and imprisoned for 17 years. On 25 March 1425 Somerset came into his majority, but his paternal estates had to be managed by his mother for the next thirteen years of his imprisonment. He remained imprisoned until 1438 and having been ransomed, became one of the leading English commanders in France. In 1443 John was created Duke of Somerset and Earl of Kendal, was made a Knight of the Garter and appointed Captain-General of Guyenne. He presided over a period during which England lost much territory in France and proved a poor commander. Humphrey of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Gloucester, regent for the young King Henry VI, was unable to control the administration of justice and finance, which led to widespread lawlessness. At the beginning of the second protectorate of Richard, Duke of York, Gloucester declined the office of Lieutenant-Governor, which was then accepted by Somerset, who drew from it a salary of 600 pounds. He was appointed Admiral of the Sea to the army commander John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury, who from August 1440 besieged Harfleur, which had been in French hands for five months. King Charles VII of France sent a large army under Richemont. The English dug a double ditch rampart with only 1,000 men, while Somerset's squadron prevented a French landing by sea, using archers to pick off the enemy at short range. Having been thus frustrated the French withdrew to Paris and lifted the siege. The town surrendered to the English and was re-occupied. York was incensed that John's uncle Cardinal Henry Beaufort advised the king to sue for peace. Somerset advised King Henry that peace was humanitarian and that the king of France was determined to seize Pontoise. When York arrived in Normandy in 1441 to the campaign, Somerset had resigned. But the fall of Pontoise to Charles, Duke of Orléans in September 1441 weakened English garrisons and in Gascony the situation was even worse. The Beauforts sent Sir Edward Hull, who arrived at Bordeaux on 22 October 1442 to inform York that a huge army would arrive commanded by Somerset. York was ordered to fortify Rouen; just as the king and Dauphin of France were threatening Bordeaux and Aquitaine and seized the town of Dax Somerset dithered; York was held back as Guyenne was being lost. Meanwhile, the Duke of York, fighting alongside the tactician Lord Talbot, had been appointed Lieutenant for all France. With the Duke of Gloucester's wife Eleanor charged with treason, Somerset took the opportunity in April 1443 to declare himself Lieutenant of Aquitaine and Captain-General of Guyenne. By then, the negotiations Somerset had started as Captain-General of Calais had failed. These two factors turned York against the Beauforts. But the last straw was the payment of £25,000 to Somerset while York remained heavily in debt. Furthermore, Guyenne was consuming precious resources otherwise destined for Normandy. In August 1443 Somerset led 7,000 men to Cherbourg and marched south to Gascony; the duke was ill. He blundered into Guerche, a Breton town with which England had signed a peace treaty. But Somerset set all prisoners free, accepting money from the Duke of Brittany. Marching aimlessly through Maine, he returned that winter to England. His death in 1444, possibly by suicide, and that of his uncle the Cardinal, marked the end of Beaufort influence and left the door open for William de la Pole, 1st Duke of Suffolk, to dominate the government.[9] The lasting effect of these events was burning resentment between the House of York and the remaining members of the Beaufort family. | Beaufort, John (I16402)
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| 1619 | From Wikipedia (accessed 19 May 2021): John Whitgift [...] was the Archbishop of Canterbury from 1583 to his death. Noted for his hospitality, he was somewhat ostentatious in his habits, sometimes visiting Canterbury and other towns attended by a retinue of 800 horses. Whitgift's theological views were often controversial. He was the eldest son of Henry Whitgift, a merchant, of Great Grimsby, Lincolnshire, where he was born, probably between 1530 and 1533. The Whitgift family is thought to have originated in the relatively close Yorkshire village of Whitgift, adjoining the River Ouse. Whitgift's early education was entrusted to his uncle, Robert Whitgift, abbot of the neighbouring Wellow Abbey, on whose advice he was sent to St Anthony's School, London. In 1549 he matriculated at Queens' College, Cambridge, and in May 1550 he moved to Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, where the martyr John Bradford was his tutor. In May 1555 he was elected a fellow of Peterhouse. Whitgift taught Francis Bacon and his older brother Anthony Bacon at Cambridge University in the 1570s. As their tutor, Whitgift bought the brothers their early classical text books, including works by Plato, Cicero and others. Having taken holy orders in 1560, he became chaplain to Richard Cox, Bishop of Ely, who collated (that is, appointed) him to the rectory of Teversham, just to the east of Cambridge. In 1563 he was appointed Lady Margaret's Professor of Divinity at the University of Cambridge, and his lectures gave such satisfaction to the authorities that on 5 July 1566 they considerably augmented his stipend. The following year he was appointed Regius Professor of Divinity, and became master first of Pembroke Hall (1567) and then of Trinity in 1570. He had a principal share in compiling the statutes of the university, which passed the great seal on 25 September 1570, and in the November following he was chosen as vice-chancellor. While at Cambridge he formed a close relationship with Andrew Perne, sometime vice-chancellor. Perne went on to live with Whitgift in his old age. Puritan satirists would later mock Whitgift as "Perne's boy" who was willing to carry his cloak-bag – thus suggesting that the two had enjoyed a homosexual relationship. Whitgift's theological views were controversial. An aunt with whom he once lodged wrote that "though she thought at first she had received a saint into her house, she now perceived he was a devil". Thomas Macaulay's description of Whitgift as "a narrow, mean, tyrannical priest, who gained power by servility and adulation..." is, according to the author of his 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica entry, "tinged with rhetorical exaggeration; but undoubtedly Whitgift's extreme High Church notions led him to treat the Puritans with exceptional intolerance". In a pulpit controversy with Thomas Cartwright regarding the constitutions and customs of the Church of England, his oratorical effectiveness proved inferior, but was able to exercise arbitrary authority: together with other heads of the university, he deprived Cartwright of his professorship, and in September 1571 Whitgift exercised his prerogative as master of Trinity to deprive him of his fellowship. In June of the same year Whitgift was nominated Dean of Lincoln. In the following year he published [The Admonition to the Parliament], which led to further controversy between the two churchmen. On 24 March 1577, Whitgift was appointed Bishop of Worcester, and during the absence of Sir Henry Sidney in Ireland in 1577 he acted as vice-president of Wales. In August 1583 he was appointed Archbishop of Canterbury to replace Edmund Grindal, who had been placed under house arrest after his disagreement with Queen Elizabeth over "prophesyings" and died in office. Whitgift placed his stamp on the church of the Reformation, and shared Elizabeth's hatred of Puritans. Although he wrote to Elizabeth remonstrating against the alienation of church property, Whitgift always retained her special confidence. In his policy against the Puritans and in his vigorous enforcement of the subscription test he thoroughly carried out her policy of religious uniformity. He drew up articles aimed at nonconforming ministers, and obtained increased powers for the Court of High Commission. In 1586, he became a privy councillor. His actions gave rise to the Martin Marprelate tracts, in which the bishops and clergy were strongly opposed. By his vigilance the printers of the tracts were discovered and punished, though the main writer Job Throkmorton evaded him. Whitgift had nine leading presbyterians including Thomas Cartwright arrested in 1589–90, and though their trial in the Star Chamber for sedition did not result in convictions they did agree to abandon their movement in return for freedom. Whitgift took a strong line against the Brownist movement and their Underground Church in London led by Henry Barrow and John Greenwood. Their services were repeatedly raided and members held in prison. Whitgift repeatedly interrogated them through the High Commission, and at the Privy Council. When Burghley asked Barrow his opinion of the Archbishop, he responded: "He is a monster, a miserable compound, I know not what to make him. He is neither ecclesiastical nor civil, even that second beast spoken of in revelation." Whitgift was the prime mover behind the Act against Seditious Sectaries which was passed in 1593, making Separatist Puritanism a felony, and he had Barrow and Greenwood executed the following morning. In the controversy between Walter Travers and Richard Hooker, he prohibited the former from preaching, and he presented the latter with the rectory of Boscombe in Wiltshire, to help him complete his Ecclesiastical Polity, a work that in the end did not represent Whitgift's theological or ecclesiastical standpoints. In 1587, he had Welsh preacher John Penry brought before the High Commission, and imprisoned; Whitgift signed Penry's death warrant six years later. In 1595, in conjunction with the Bishop of London and other prelates, he drew up the Calvinist instrument known as the Lambeth Articles. Although the articles were signed and agreed by several bishops they were recalled by order of Elizabeth, claiming that the bishops had acted without her explicit consent. Whitgift maintained that she had given her approval. Whitgift attended Elizabeth on her deathbed, and crowned James I. He was present at the Hampton Court Conference in January 1604, at which he represented eight bishops. He died at Lambeth at the end of the following month. He was buried in Croydon at the Parish Church of St John Baptist (now Croydon Minster): his monument there with his recumbent effigy was practically destroyed when the church burnt down in 1867. Whitgift is described by his biographer, Sir George Paule, as of "middle stature, strong and well shaped, of a grave countenance and brown complexion, black hair and eyes, his beard neither long nor thick." He left several unpublished works, included in the Manuscripts Angliae. Many of his letters, articles and injunctions are calendared in the published volumes of the State Papers series of the reign of Elizabeth. His Collected Works, edited for the Parker Society by John Ayre (3 vols., Cambridge, 1851–1853), include the controversial tracts mentioned above, two sermons published during his lifetime, a selection from his letters to Cecil and others, and some portions of his previously unpublished manuscripts. In his later years he concerned himself with various administrative reforms, including fostering learning among the clergy, abolishing non-resident clergy, and reforming the ecclesiastical courts. Whitgift set up charitable foundations (almshouses), now The Whitgift Foundation, in Croydon, the site of a palace, a summer retreat of Archbishops of Canterbury. It supports homes for the elderly and infirm, and runs three independent schools – Whitgift School, founded in 1596, Trinity School of John Whitgift and, more recently, Old Palace School for girls, which is housed in the former Croydon Palace. Whitgift Street near Lambeth Palace (the official London residence of the Archbishop of Canterbury) is named after him. A comprehensive school in his home town of Grimsby, John Whitgift Academy, is named after him. The Whitgift Centre, a major shopping centre in Croydon, is named after him. It is built on land still owned by the Whitgift Foundation. | Whitgift, John Archbishop of Canterbury (I35258)
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| 1620 | From Wikipedia (accessed 19 May 2021): Jonathan Cilley [...] was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Maine. He served part of one term in the 25th Congress, and died as the result of a wound sustained in a duel with another Congressman, William J. Graves of Kentucky. Cilley was a native of Nottingham, New Hampshire, and was educated at Atkinson Academy and Bowdoin College. He settled in Thomaston, Maine, where he studied law and attained admission to the bar in addition to editing the Thomaston Register newspaper. A Democrat, Cilley served in the Maine House of Representatives from 1831 to 1836, and was Speaker in 1835 and 1836. In 1836, Cilley was elected to the United States House of Representatives. He served part of one term, and died as the result of a gunshot wound caused when he engaged in a duel with Representative William J. Graves. They fired at each other with rifles three times, and on the third shot, Graves hit Cilley's femoral artery, causing blood loss which resulted in Cilley's death. He was temporarily interred at Congressional Cemetery, and later reinterred at Elm Grove Cemetery in Thomaston. Jonathan Cilley was born in Nottingham, New Hampshire, and was the son of Jane (Nealley) Cilley and Greenleaf Cilley. He was the brother of Joseph Cilley, grandson of Major General Joseph Cilley, and nephew of Bradbury Cilley. Cilley attended Atkinson Academy and Bowdoin College. He was a member of Bowdoin's famed class of 1825, which included Nathaniel Hawthorne and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. While at Bowdoin, Cilley also became close friends with future U.S. President Franklin Pierce, a member of the class of 1824. Deciding to stay in Maine after graduating from Bowdoin, Cilley studied law with John Ruggles, was admitted to the bar in 1828, and practiced in Thomaston. In 1829, Jonathan Cilley married Deborah Prince, the daughter of local businessman Hezekiah Prince. Jonathan and Deborah had five children, two of whom died very young. Their surviving children were Greenleaf (b. 1829), Jonathan Prince (b. 1835), and Julia (b. 1837). Jonathan Prince Cilley became a Brigadier General by Brevet in the Union Army during the Civil War. Greenleaf was a career officer in the United States Navy. He married Malvina Vernet, the daughter of Luis Vernet, a former Argentinian governor of the Falkland Islands in Montevideo, Uruguay in 1861 and died in San Isidro, Buenos Aires in 1899. Julia was the wife of Ellis Draper Lazell (1832-1875). [...] Cilley died in office after sustaining a fatal wound in a duel with Congressman William J. Graves of Kentucky. The climate surrounding the Twenty-fifth U.S. Congress was one of increasing political partisanship. Majority Democrats fought with minority Whigs over the response to the Panic of 1837, which was generally blamed on the policies of Democratic President Martin Van Buren. Underlying this conflict was lingering bitterness over the decision of Van Buren's predecessor, Democrat Andrew Jackson, not to re-charter the Second Bank of the United States. One of the pillars of the Whig press was the New York Courier and Enquirer, a newspaper edited by James Watson Webb. Democrats, including Jonathan Cilley, considered Webb's coverage of Congress to be biased and unfair; Cilley vented some of his party's bitterness in remarks made on the House floor, and suggested that Webb's change from opposing to supporting the re-chartering of the bank came about because Webb received loans from the bank totaling $52,000. Webb, who considered himself insulted by Cilley's suggestion of quid pro quo corruption, persuaded a Whig friend, Congressman William J. Graves, to deliver Webb's challenge to a duel. Cilley refused to accept the letter, in terms which Graves decided were an insult to his honor; Graves then challenged Cilley, and Cilley felt honor bound to accept. Dueling was prohibited within the boundaries of the District of Columbia, so the participants and their seconds – George Wallace Jones for Cilley and Henry A. Wise for Graves – arranged to meet on February 24, 1838, at the Bladensburg Dueling Grounds, just outside the city limits and inside the Maryland border. As the challenged party, Cilley had the choice of weapons. Because of Graves' reputation as an expert pistol shot, Cilley selected rifles, with the distance between the duelists to be 80 yards, a distance far enough apart to negate Graves' supposed shooting skill; in actuality, the marked off distance was 94 yards. After their first fire missed, the participants shortened the distance and fired again, but again both shots missed. On the third exchange of shots, Graves fatally wounded Cilley by shooting him through the femoral artery. Cilley bled to death on the dueling ground within a matter of minutes. He was buried at Congressional Cemetery, and re-interred at Elm Grove Cemetery in Thomaston, Maine. There is a cenotaph to Cilley's memory located at Congressional Cemetery. After Cilley's death, longtime friend Nathaniel Hawthorne published two biographical sketches of him. His colleagues paid tribute to him by passing a Federal law on February 20, 1839, which strengthened the strict prohibition against dueling in Washington, D.C. by making it a crime to issue or accept a challenge within district limits, even if the actual duel was to take place outside the district. Jonathan Cilley, by Nathaniel Hawthorne (1838): The subject of this brief memorial had barely begun to be an actor in the great scenes where his part could not have failed to be a prominent one. The nation did not have time to recognize him. His death, aside from the shock with which the manner of it has thrilled every bosom, is looked upon merely as causing a vacancy in the delegation of his State, which a new member may fill as creditably as the departed. It will, perhaps, be deemed praise enough to say of Cilley, that he would have proved himself an active and efficient partisan. But those who knew him longest and most intimately, conscious of his high talents and rare qualities, his energy of mind and force of character, must claim much more than much a need for their lost friend. They feel that not merely a party nor a section, but our collective country, has lost a man who had the heart and the ability to serve her well. It would be doing injustice to the hopes which lie withered upon his untimely grave, if, in paying a farewell tribute to his memory, we were to ask a narrower sympathy than that of the people at large. May no bitterness of party prejudices influence him who writes, nor those, of whatever political opinions, who may read! Jonathan Cilley was born at Nottingham, N.H., on the 2d of July, 1802. His grandfather, Col. Joseph Cilley, commanded a New Hampshire regiment during the Revolutionary war, and established a character for energy and intrepidity, of which more than one of his descendants have proved themselves the inheritors. Greenleaf Cilley, son of the preceding, died in 1808, leaving a family of four sons and three daughters. The aged mother of this family and the three daughters are still living. Of the sons, the only survivor is Joseph Cilley, who was an officer in the late war, and served with great distinction on the Canadian frontier. Jonathan, being desirous of a liberal education, commenced his studies at Atkinson Academy, at about the age of seventeen, and became a member of the freshman class of Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Me., in 1821. Inheriting but little property from his father, he adopted the usual expedient of a young New-Englander in similar circumstances, and gained a small income by teaching a country school during the winter months both before and after his entrance at college. Cilley's character and standing at college afforded high promise of usefulness and distinction in afterlife. Though not the foremost scholar of his class, he stood in the front rank, and probably derived all the real benefit from the prescribed course of study that it could bestow on so practical a mind. His true education consisted in the exercise of those faculties which fitted him to be a popular leader. His influence among his fellow-students was probably greater than that of any other individual; and he had already made himself powerful in that limited sphere, by a free and natural eloquence, a flow of pertinent ideas in language of unstudied appropriateness, which seemed always to accomplish precisely the result on which he had calculated. This gift was sometimes displayed in class meetings, when measures important to those concerned were under discussion; sometimes in mock trials at law, when judge, jury, lawyers, prisoner, and witnesses were personated by the students, and Cilley played the part of a fervid and successful advocate; and, besides these exhibitions of power, he regularly trained himself in the forensic debates of a literary society, of which he afterwards became president. Nothing could be less artificial than his style of oratory. After filling his mind with the necessary information, he trusted every thing else to his mental warmth and the inspiration of the moment, and poured himself out with an earnest and irresistible simplicity. There was a singular contrast between the flow of thought from his lips, and the coldness and restraint with which he wrote; and though, in maturer life, he acquired a considerable facility in exercising the pen, he always felt the tongue to be his peculiar instrument. In private intercourse, Cilley possessed a remarkable fascination. It was impossible not to regard him with the kindliest feelings, because his companions were intuitively certain of a like kindliness on his part. He had a power of sympathy which enabled him to understand every character, and hold communion with human nature in all its varieties. He never shrank from the intercourse of man with man; and it was to his freedom in this particular that he owed much of his subsequent popularity among a people who are accustomed to take a personal interest in the men whom they elevate to office. In few words, let us characterize him at the outset of life as a young man of quick and powerful intellect, endowed with sagacity and tact, yet frank and free in his mode of action, ambitious of good influence, earnest, active, and persevering, with an elasticity and cheerful strength of mind which made difficulties easy, and the struggle with them a pleasure. Mingled with the amiable qualities that were like sunshine to his friends, there were harsher and sterner traits, which fitted him to make head against an adverse world; but it was only at the moment of need that the iron framework of his character became perceptible. Immediately on quitting college, Mr. Cilley took up his residence in Thomaston, and began the study of law in the office of John Ruggles, Esq., now a senator in Congress. Mr. Ruggles being then a prominent member of the Democratic party, it was natural that the pupil should lend his aid to promote the political views of his instructor, especially as he would thus uphold the principles which he had cherished from boyhood. From year to year, the election of Mr. Ruggles to the State legislature was strongly opposed. Cilley's services in overcoming this opposition were too valuable to be dispensed with; and thus, at a period when most young men still stand aloof from the world, he had already taken his post as a leading politician. He afterwards found cause to regret that so much time had been abstracted from his professional studies; nor did the absorbing and exciting nature of his political career afford him any subsequent opportunity to supply the defects of his legal education. He was admitted an attorney-at-law in 1829, and in April of the same year was married to Miss Deborah Prince, daughter of Hon. Hezekiah Prince of Thomaston, where Mr. Cilley continued to reside, and entered upon the practice of his profession. In 1831, Mr. Ruggles having been appointed a judge of the court of common pleas, it became necessary to send a new representative from Thomaston to the legislature of the State. Mr. Cilley was brought forward as the Democratic candidate, obtained his election, and took his seat in January, 1832. But in the course of this year the friendly relations between Judge Ruggles and Mr. Cilley were broken off. The former gentleman, it appears had imbibed the idea that his political aspirations (which were then directed towards a seat in the senate of the United States) did not receive all the aid which he was disposed to claim from the influence of his late pupil. When, therefore, Mr. Cilley was held up as a candidate for re-election to the legislature, the whole strength of Judge Ruggles and his adherents was exerted against him. This was the first act and declaration of a political hostility, which was too warm and earnest not to become, in some degree, personal, and which rendered Mr. Cilley's subsequent career a continual struggle with those to whom he might naturally have looked for friendship and support. It sets his abilities and force of character in the strongest light, to view him, at the very outset of public life, without the aid of powerful connections, an isolated young man, forced into a position of hostility, not merely with the enemies of his party, but likewise with a large body of its adherents, even accused of treachery to its principles, yet gaining triumph after triumph and making his way steadily onward. Surely his was a mental and moral energy which death alone could have laid prostrate. We have the testimony of those who knew Mr. Cilley well, that his own feelings were never so imbittered by those conflicts as to prevent him from interchanging the courtesies of society with his most violent opponents. While their resentments rendered his very presence intolerable to them, he could address them with as much ease and composure as if their mutual relations had been those of perfect harmony. There was no affectation in this: it was good-natured consciousness of his own strength that enabled him to keep his temper: it was the same chivalrous sentiment which impels hostile warriors to shake hands in the intervals of battle. Mr. Cilley was slow to withdraw his confidence from any man who he deemed a friend; and it has been mentioned as almost his only weak point, that he was too apt to suffer himself to be betrayed before he would condescend to suspect. His prejudices, however, when once adopted, partook of the depth and strength of his character, and could not be readily overcome. He loved to subdue his foes; but no man could use a triumph more generously than he. Let us resume our narrative. In spite of the opposition of Judge Ruggles and his friends, combined with that of the Whigs, Mr. Cilley was re-elected to the legislature of 1833, and was equally successful in each of the succeeding years, until his election to Congress. He was given successive years as the representative of Thomaston. In 1834, when Mr. Dunlap was nominated as the Democratic candidate for governor, Mr. Cilley gave his support to Gov. Smith, in the belief that the substitution of a new candidate had been unfairly effected. He considered it a stratagem intended to promote the election of Judge Ruggles to the senate of the United States. Early in the legislative session of the same year, the Ruggles party obtained a temporary triumph over Mr. Cilley, effected his expulsion from the Democratic caucuses, and attempted to stigmatize him as a traitor to his political friends. But Mr. Cilley's high and honorable course was ere long understood and appreciated by his party and the people. He told them, openly and boldly, that they might undertake to expel him from their caucuses; but they could not expel him from the Democratic party: they might stigmatize him with any appellation they might choose; but they could not reach the height on which he stood, nor shake his position with the people. But a few weeks had elapsed, and Mr. Cilley was the acknowledged head and leader of that party in the legislature. During the same session, Mr. Speaker Clifford (one of the friends of Judge Ruggles) being appointed attorney-general, the Ruggles party were desirous of securing the election of another of their adherents to the chair; but, as it was obvious that Mr. Cilley's popularity would gain him the place, the incumbent was induced to delay his resignation till the end of the term. At the session of 1835, Messrs. Cilley, Davee, and McCrote being candidates for the chair, Mr. Cilley withdrew in favor of Mr. Davee. That gentleman was accordingly elected; but, being soon afterwards appointed sheriff of Somerset County, Mr. Cilley succeeded him as speaker, and filled the same office during the session of 1836. All parties awarded him the praise of being the best presiding officer that the house ever had. In 1836, he was nominated by a large portion of the Democratic electors of the Lincoln Congressional District as their candidate for Congress. That district has recently shown itself to possess a decided Whig majority; and this would have been equally the case in 1836, had any other man than Mr. Cilley appeared on the Democratic side. He had likewise to contend, as in all the former scenes of his political life, with that portion of his own party which adhered to Mr. Ruggles. There was still another formidable obstacle, in the high character of Judge Bailey, who then represented the district, and was a candidate for re-election. All these difficulties, however, served only to protract the contest, but could not snatch the victory from Mr. Cilley, who obtained a majority of votes at the third trial. It was a fatal triumph. In the summer of 1837, a few months after his election to Congress, I met Mr. Cilley for the first time since early youth, when he had been to me almost as an elder brother. The two or three days which I spent in his neighborhood enabled us to renew our former intimacy. In his person there was very little change, and that little was for the better. He had an impending brow, deep-set eyes, and a thin and thoughtful countenance, which; in his abstracted moments, seemed almost stern; but, in the intercourse of society, it was brightened with a kindly smile, that will live in the recollection of all who knew him. His manners had not a fastidious polish, but were characterized by the simplicity of one who had dwelt remote from cities, holding free companionship with the yeomen of the land. I thought him as true a representative of the people as ever theory could portray. His earlier and later habits of life, his feelings, partialities, and prejudices, were those of the people; the strong and shrewd sense which constituted so marked a feature of his mind was but a higher degree of the popular intellect. He loved the people, and respected them, and was prouder of nothing than of his brotherhood with those who had intrusted their public interests to his care. His continual struggles in the political arena had strengthened his bones and sinews: opposition had kept him ardent; while success had cherished the generous warmth of his nature, and assisted the growth both of his powers and sympathies. Disappointment might have soured and contracted him; but it appeared to me that his triumphant warfare had been no less beneficial to his heart than to his mind. I was aware, indeed, that his harsher traits had grown apace with his milder ones; that he possessed iron resolution, indomitable perseverance and an almost terrible energy; but these features had imparted no hardness to his character in private intercourse. In the hour of public need, these strong qualities would have shown themselves the most prominent ones, and would have encouraged his countrymen to rally round him as one of their natural leaders. In his private and domestic relations, Mr. Cilley was most exemplary; and he enjoyed no less happiness than he conferred. He had been the father of four children, two of whom were in the grave, leaving, I thought, a more abiding impression of tenderness and regret than the death of infants usually makes on the masculine mind. Two boys -- the elder, seven or eight years or age; and the younger, two -- still remained to him; and the fondness of these children for their father, their evident enjoyment of his society, was proof enough of his gentle and amiable character within the precincts of his family. In that bereaved household, there is now another child, whom the father never saw. Mr. Cilley's domestic habits were simple and primitive to a degree unusual, in most parts of our country among men of so eminent a station as he had attained. It made me smile, though with any thing but scorn, in contrast to the aristocratic stateliness which I have witnessed elsewhere, to see him driving home his own cow after a long search for her through the village. That trait alone would have marked him as a man whose greatness lay within himself. He appeared to take much interest in the cultivation of his garden, and was very fond of flowers. He kept bees, and told me that he loved to sit for whole hours by the hives, watching the labors of the insects, and soothed by the hum with which they filled the air. I glance at these minute particulars of his daily life, because they form so strange a contrast with the circumstances of his death. Who could have believed, that with his thoroughly New-England character, in so short a time after I had seen him in that peaceful and happy home, among those simple occupations and pure enjoyments, he would be stretched in his own blood, -- slain for an almost impalpable punctilio! It is not my purpose to dwell upon Mr. Cilley's brief career in Congress. Brief as it was, his character and talents had more than begun to be felt, and would soon have linked his name with the history of every important measure, and have borne it onward with the progress of the principles which be supported. He was not eager to seize opportunities of thrusting himself into notice; but, when time and the occasion summoned him, he came forward, and poured forth his ready and natural eloquence with as much effect in the councils of the nation as he had done in those of his own State. With every effort that he made, the hopes of his party rested more decidedly upon him, as one who would hereafter be found in the vanguard of many a Democratic victory. Let me spare myself the details of the awful catastrophe by which all those proud hopes perished; for I write with a blunted pen and a head benumbed, and am the less able to express my feelings as they lie deep at heart, and inexhaustible. On the 23d of February last, Mr. Cilley received a challenge from Mr. Graves of Kentucky, through the hands of Mr. Wise of Virginia. This measure, as is declared in the challenge itself, was grounded on Mr. Cilley's refusal to receive a message, of which Mr. Graves and been the bearer, from a person of disputed respectability; although no exception to that person's character had been expressed by Mr. Cilley; nor need such inference have been drawn, unless Mr. Graves were conscious that public opinion held his friend in a doubtful light. The challenge was accepted, and the parties met on the following day. They exchanged two shots with rifles. After each shot, a conference was held between the friends of both parties, and the most generous avowals of respect and kindly feeling were made on the part of Cilley towards his antagonist, but without avail. A third shot was exchanged; and Mr. Cilley fell dead into the arms of one of his friends. While I write, a Committee of Investigation is sitting upon this affair: but the public has not waited for its award; and the writer, in accordance with the public, has formed his opinion on the official statement of Messrs. Wise and Jones. A challenge was never given on a more shadowy pretext; a duel was never pressed to a fatal close in the face of such open kindness as was expressed by Mr. Cilley: and the conclusion is inevitable, that Mr. Graves and his principal second, Mr. Wise, have gone farther than their own dreadful code will warrant them, and overstepped the imaginary distinction, which, on their own principles, separates manslaughter from murder. Alas that over the grave of a dear friend, my sorrow for the bereavement must be mingled with another grief, -- that he threw away such a life in so miserable a cause! Why, as he was true to the Northern character in all things else, did he swerve from his Northern principles in this final scene? But his error was a generous one, since he fought for what he deemed the honor of New England; and, now that death has paid the forfeit, the most rigid may forgive him. If that dark pitfall -- that bloody grave -- had not lain the in midst of his path, whither, whither, night it not have led him! It has ended there: yet so strong was my conception of his energies, so like destiny did it appear that he should achieve every thing at which he aimed, that even now my fancy will not dwell upon his grave, but pictures him still amid the struggles and triumphs of the present and the future. | Cilley, Jonathan Longfellow U.S. Representative from Maine (I35343)
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| 1621 | From Wikipedia (accessed 19 May 2021): Joseph Cilley (1734 – August 25, 1799) was a New Hampshire state senator and general. Cilley was born in 1734 at Nottingham, Province of New Hampshire, to Captain J. Cilley of the Isles of Shoals and his wife Alice Rawlings. In 1758 he joined Rogers' Rangers and served in northern New York and Canada. On December 15, 1774 he was with John Langdon and John Sullivan in the raid on Fort William and Mary at New Castle, New Hampshire. At the start of the American Revolutionary War, Cilley was appointed major of the 2nd New Hampshire Regiment. After the Siege of Boston, he was promoted to Lt. Col. in the 1st New Hampshire Regiment, and he and the regiment were sent to reinforce the Continental Army in Canada fighting at the Battle of Trois-Rivières. With the defeat of the Continental Army in Canada the 1st New Hampshire was sent to New Jersey and Gen. George Washington's main army. Cilley took part in the Battle of Trenton and the Battle of Princeton. With the resignation of John Stark, Cilley took command of the 1st New Hampshire and led them during the Saratoga Campaign of 1777, and the Battle of Monmouth and the Battle of Stony Point in 1778. Henry Dearborn was among the officers under his command. In 1779, Cilley and the 1st New Hampshire were with Gen. Sullivan in his campaign against the Iroquois and Loyalists in western New York. On March 19, 1779, the New Hampshire Assembly voted unanimously, "that the worthy Col. Jos. Cilley be presented with a pair of pistols as a token of this State's good intention to reward merit in a brave officer." These pistols are now housed at the Museum of New Hampshire History in Concord, New Hampshire. Cilley retired from the Continental Army on January 1, 1781. After the war, he was appointed major general of the 1st Division of New Hampshire Militia, June 22, 1786. Later that year, he commanded troops who put down the Paper Money Riot. Cilley was elected to the New Hampshire Senate and Treasurer, Vice President and President of the Society of the Cincinnati in New Hampshire. Cilley died on August 25, 1799, at his home in Nottingham. Cilley married Sarah Longfellow on November 4, 1756. They had ten children, including Greenleaf Cilley, whose sons Joseph Cilley and Jonathan Cilley would become a U. S. Senator and a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, respectively. Mount Cilley in the White Mountains is named for him. | Cilley, Gen. Joseph (I35334)
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| 1622 | From Wikipedia (accessed 19 May 2021): Joseph Cilley [...] was a United States Senator from New Hampshire. Cilley was born in Nottingham, New Hampshire, the son of Greenleaf Cilley and his wife Jane Nealy. He was also the grandson of Revolutionary War officer Joseph Cilley, after whom he was named. He was the nephew of Bradbury Cilley and brother of Jonathan Cilley. Cilley was educated at Atkinson Academy and joined the Army to fight in the War of 1812 as an officer in the 21st Infantry Regiment, seeing action at the Battle of Sackett's Harbor and Battle of Chrysler's Farm. Joseph Cilley was severely wounded at the Battle of Lundy's Lane; he was shot through the leg by a musket ball causing a compound fracture. He attained the brevetted rank of captain, was the quartermaster of the New Hampshire Militia in 1817, and was the division inspector in 1821. After his military service Joseph Cilley became an aide-de-camp to Governor Benjamin Pierce in 1827. In 1846, a Whig–Liberty Party–Independent Democrat coalition assumed power in New Hampshire state government. Whig Anthony Colby was elected Governor, Independent Democrat John P. Hale was elected Speaker of the State House of Representatives, and Cilley was elected to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Levi Woodbury. Cilley served from June 13, 1846 to March 3, 1847. He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1846, after which he retired to his farm in Nottingham. | Cilley, Col. Jonathan Senator from New Hampshire (I35342)
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| 1623 | From Wikipedia (accessed 2 Sep 2020): Richard Smith was an English merchant in the West Indies trade, and director of the East India Company. Smith was born in Whitehaven, then in Cumberland, or Appleby, Westmorland. He was a merchant and slave owner in the West Indies. When he moved back from Barbados, where he was a plantation owner, to London, he brought five enslaved people with him. Smith's business assets included a warehouse in Cheapside, and Lys Farm near Bramdean in Hampshire, once used for cattle-breeding. Having bought the farm in 1769, he began to transform it into a gentlemanly estate, Brockwood Park, building a country house; a wing was added to the house in 1774, and at the end of his life it was a family home. It is now the site of the Krishnamurti Centre, as Brockwood Park. Smith's will left a number of enslaved persons, by name, to his grandchildren. The drafting of the will was intended to keep a substantial estate in trust for Smith's grandchildren; but the effect was otherwise. It was the subject of Chancery proceedings until 1813, when the estate was much diminished. This case has been suggested as one of the inspirations for Jarndyce and Jarndyce in Charles Dickens's Bleak House. Benjamin Smith, the younger son, bought sugar plantations in 1781, to provide income from the trust arising from the will. Covered by the will was the advowson for St Mary's Church, Islington, which Richard Smith had purchased in 1771. | Smith, Richard (I16993)
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| 1624 | From Wikipedia (accessed 22 May 2020): Gershom Bulkeley was an early graduate of Harvard University, receiving his bachelor's degree in 1655 and possibly his master's degree in 1658. After receiving his master's degree he might have married Sarah Chauncy, daughter of then Harvard President, Charles Chauncy. In 1661 became the minister of the Congregational church in New London, CT, where he served for roughly 5 years. He then became minister of the Congregational church in the town of Wethersfield, Connecticut where he served until 1677. He left the ministry and practiced as a physician in Glastonbury, CT. When the Salem Witch Trials spread from Massachusetts to Connecticut in the autumn of 1692, he expressed considerable scepticism about the evidence, saying that he had heard nothing of any weight to convince him that anyone was guilty of witchcraft. In particular he argued that Marcy Disborough, one of the only two women accused in Connecticut who actually stood trial for witchcraft, was the victim of the malice of her neighbours. Mercy was founded guilty and sentenced to death, but received a reprieve. She was set free and died some time after 1709. | Bulkeley, Rev. Gershom (I13369)
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| 1625 | From Wikipedia (accessed 22 Oct 2020): Nicholas Patrick Hayden, nicknamed "The Kentucky Kid", was an American professional motorcycle racer who won the MotoGP World Championship in 2006. Hayden began racing motorcycles at a young age. He began his road racing career in the CMRA before progressing to the AMA Supersport Championship and then to the AMA Superbike Championship. He won the AMA title in 2002 and was approached by the Repsol Honda team to race for them in MotoGP. In his first season he performed well, finishing fifth in the championship and winning the Rookie-of-the-year award. However, this was followed by a difficult second season in which he managed eighth overall. Hayden then rallied in the 2005 season by scoring his first Grand Prix win at Laguna Seca, and finishing third in the standings at the end of the season. The next year, 2006, would be Hayden's greatest in motorcycle racing as he won the 2006 MotoGP world title, breaking Valentino Rossi's five-year consecutive streak. He remained with Honda for two more seasons without a world title, before moving to Ducati for 2009. Hayden had five largely unsuccessful seasons at Ducati, with his highest finishing championship position a seventh place in 2010. He subsequently moved to the Honda Aspar team in 2014 where he raced for two seasons before making a move to the Superbike World Championship with the Ten Kate Racing Honda team. Hayden finished fifth in his first season in the World Superbike Championship with the highlight of his season being a win in Malaysia. For 2017 Hayden continued with the Red Bull Honda team (formerly Ten Kate Racing team). On May 17, 2017, Hayden was hit by a driver while riding his bicycle in Italy. He suffered a traumatic brain injury and died five days later in a local hospital. Hayden was posthumously inducted into the AMA Motorcycle Hall of Fame in 2018. [30 more screens of Wikipedia article follow.] | Hayden, Nicholas Patrick (I7561)
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| 1626 | From Wikipedia (accessed 24 Jun 2020): Sir Simon Fraser of Oliver and Neidpath was a Scottish knight who fought in the Wars of Scottish Independence, for which he was hanged, drawn, and quartered in 1306. Fraser was captured during the Battle of Dunbar on 27 April 1296 and was sent to a prison in England. He was forfeited of his lands. He was released to serve King Edward I of England's expedition in Flanders in 1297. Fraser was made a household knight - effectively, a member of the royal bodyguard - and gifted a horse by Edward before the Battle of Falkirk. Fraser was thus among the English cavalry divisions that defeated the army of William Wallace. On 27 March 1299, in recognition of his good service, he was restored his lands and titles. He was the Keeper of Selkirk Forest, and was at the Siege of Carlaverock on the side of the English in 1300. He switched to the Scottish side in mid-1301 and led the Scottish victory at the Battle of Roslin in 1303, alongside John III Comyn, Lord of Badenoch (also known as "Red Comyn"). Here Fraser killed Ralph Manton, an English treasury clerk, whom Fraser accused of embezzling King Edward of funds and neglecting to pay Fraser's wages when he was in English service. Consequently, the English King Edward I marched north through Stirling taking Perth. As Edward approached Dunfermline, the Bishop of St. Andrews and the bishop of Glasgow along with Red Comyn met his army and submitted. Fraser refused to swear fealty to the English King and did not attend. In March 1304, Fraser and Wallace were ambushed by English forces at the Action at Happrew and defeated. By June Fraser had deserted Wallace and accepted Edward's peace terms. In January 1305 he was employed, along with all other Scottish knights, to hunt down his former comrade Wallace. In March 1306 Fraser once again broke faith with King Edward and defected to Robert the Bruce. He escaped from the defeat at the Battle of Methven, but was captured during the summer of 1306 at a subsequent engagement at Kirkencliff near Stirling by Sir Thomas de Multon and Sir John Jose. King Edward had commanded all captured supporters of King Robert executed and, in particular, the lands of Simon Fraser harried and burnt. The prisoner was sent to London, and hanged, drawn, and quartered in September 1306. His head was impaled on a spike on London Bridge, along with Wallace's. | Fraser, Simon (I28987)
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| 1627 | From Wikipedia (accessed 5 Sep 2021): He immigrated to Maryland in about 1635. On June 19, 1641, Neale received 1000 acres (4 km2) of land for having transported himself and five servants into the Province of Maryland. He assigned these acres to Thomas Hebden. In a warrant dated July 25, 1641 in London from Lord Baltimore, Neale was granted another 2000 acres (8 km2) on October 31, 1642 for a manor which would be called Wollaston. The manor would prove to be the principal seat of the Neale family for several generations and was situated in what would later be called Charles County, Maryland. Neale was a member of the Maryland Council 1643 and again in 1644. By 1647 he had returned to England leaving his father-in-law, Benjamin Gill, as his attorney and representative in Maryland. During his absence from Maryland he resided in Spain and Portugal, where he engaged in commerce, and was also employed in various affairs by the King and the Duke of York. In 1660 he was agent of Lord Baltimore at Amsterdam to protest against the settlement of Dutch upon the Delaware. On January 9, 1659/60 Lord Baltimore issued a special order, reciting that whereas Neale, formerly an inhabitant of Maryland, has been absent from the province for some years, and now desires to return with his family there to reside and inhabit, he has full leave to do so as also to possess such lands as he has a right to, and to enter and trade freely in any port in Maryland. [...] Many of Neale's descendants became Jesuit priests, including Bennett Neale, Archbishop Leonard Neale, Francis Neale, Charles Neale, and William Matthews. One of his descendants, William Gaston Lewis, became a Confederate general in the Civil War. Undated letter to the Washington Post from Gervaise A. Neale Jr.: In 1635-36, Neale had a warrant of 1,000 acres in Maryland. He raised crops of that period and dealt in commerce with the Indians. Several years later, Lord Baltimore (Cecil Calvert) instructed his brother Leonard to assign 2,000 acres to Neale, thus granting him manorial privileges under English law. His holdings included all the land on the peninsula from Cuckhold Creek to Cobb Island on the Potomac river. He performed many commissions for the governor in addition to his service as member of the assembly as one of the governor's Privy Council and as commissioner the treasury. Just before his return to England in 1643 to assist his king in the war against the Cromwellian forces, an incident occurred that brought indictments against Neale for aiding in the escape of Richard Ingle, said to have been a pirate. Ingle was captured during a dispute over the ownership of Kent Island by a Virginian named Claibourne and for attempting to do trade at various Maryland ports without a license. With war raging in England and Maryland's desire to remain neutral, it was considered prudent not to create a political incident, and Ingle was allowed "to escape" to his ship and flee. Charges against Neale were quickly dropped. Neale was in England from about 1644 to 1660 to fight for King Charles I and to serve Charles II and the Duke of York (later James II) on emergent matters in Spain and Portugal. Neale's wife, Anne Gill, was a lady in waiting to the Queen Henrietta Marie. Neale also represented Lord Baltimore in Amsterdam to protest the encroachment of the Dutch on the Delaware River. The commissioners of the Dutch West India House threatened war with Maryland if English colonists tried to remove the Dutch from their territory. When Neale returned to Maryland, Lord Baltimore instructed him to mount an expedition to expel the Dutch, but before hostilities began, New Amsterdam fell to English warships. The Dutch then considered their position on the Delaware River untenable and halted the takeover of additional land. About three years after Neale's return to the province with his family, he petitioned the Privy Council for the naturalization of his five children. His request was approved, and the descendants of Capt. James Neale became one of the first families of Maryland and Virginia. | Neale, James (I35748)
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| 1628 | From Wikipedia (accessed 6 Nov 2020): John Dwight […] was one of the first settlers of Dedham, Massachusetts and progenitor of the Dwight family. Dwight […] came to Massachusetts in 1635. He originally settled in Watertown, Massachusetts before becoming one of the original incorporators of Dedham, Massachusetts the following year. He brought his wife, Hannah, and children, including Timothy Dwight. He was married twice, first to Hannah, with whom he had five children: Hannah, Timothy, John, Mary, and Sarah. Hannah was named for her mother, and Timothy was possibly named for a family member or for their minister, Timothy Dalton. Mary was born while at sea on their way to Massachusetts. After Hannah died on September 5, 1656, Dwight married Elizabeth Ripley on January 20, 1658. They did not have any children together, and she died on July 17, 1660 by drowning herself. Dwight died January 24, 1661. As a high ranking family man with strong religious convictions, Dwight was awarded 12 acres of land when he first settled in Dedham, the maximum allowed. As a selectman, he received large grants of land. As was typical of long serving selectmen, Dwight was comparatively well off. He was able to give his son a house and plot of land as a gift and yet still die with an estate valued at £500. He was able to acquire the wealth due his high standing in the community, marked by service to the town and church. It made him one of the richest men in Dedham. His estate grew to be quite sizable by the time he died, giving his heirs more than they possibly could have imagined had the family remained in England. He passed on both his wealth and prestige to his son Timothy, marking the start of one of a family that was known for both and wealth and prestige. His brother, Timothy, traveled from England to Dedham shortly after Dwight. He lived in Dedham until 1650 when he became one of the first settlers of Medfield, Massachusetts and built the Dwight-Derby House. When Timothy moved to Medfield, Dwight purchased Timothy's most valuable lands to be ale to finance the move. Dwight was on the very first Board of Selectmen in Dedham. He served for 16 years with his final term ending in January 1653/54. He was "one of the highest ranked men" in the town. Dwight was one of just ten men, or 5% of the population, who made up 60% of the leadership of the town. Though service on the board was not always continuous, with men taking the occasional year or two off, they were always asked to contribute to important projects or committees during those times. He also served as tax surveyor, suyveyor of highways, fence viewer for East Street, and in a number of other positions. Tradition holds that either Dwight or John Rodgers, both signers of the petition seeking the establishment of the town, asked the Great and General Court to name to name the town Dedham--not Contentment, as was originally asked--after their hometown of Dedham, Essex. Dwight was a part owner of a mill on Mother Brook, the first man-made canal in America. In 1642, John Elderkin, who built the mill, sold half of his rights to Nathaniel Whiting and the other half to John Allin, Nathan Aldis, and Dwight. They operated the mill "in a rather stormy partnership" until 1649 when Nathaniel Whiting became the sole owner. The Town was displeased with the "insufficient performance" of the mill under Whiting's management. In 1652, Whiting sold his mill and all his town rights to Dwight, Francis Chickering, Joshua Fisher, and John Morse for £250, but purchased it back the following year. | Dwight, John (I18251)
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| 1629 | From Wikipedia (accessed 9 Sep 2020): Richard Field (1561–1616) was an English ecclesiological theologian associated with the work of Richard Hooker. Whereas Hooker, eight years Field's senior, had written his Lawes of Ecclesiastical Polity to defend conformity against non-conformity, Field's major work, Of the Church (1606/10), was a defence of the Protestant Church of England under its Elizabethan settlement against the charge of Romanist opponents that it was no church at all. Field maintained that Anglican piety and polity continued the pre-Tridentine Catholic conciliar tradition. He argued that all the essential doctrinal points of Protestantism had been averred and defended constantly by certain theologians of the Roman Church throughout the preceding centuries, but that this fact had been increasingly overshadowed by the influence of the prevailing papist faction. Thus in essence, when viewed according to its roots in the apostolic gospel as defended by the decreasing minority of faithful spokesmen, the Church of Rome had always been a Protestant church — but that this had been overwhelmed by the ever-worsening papist/Romanist (Field used both terms) errors. Although in his personality he was known as having an amiable and peaceable disposition, his writings against the papists, particularly Robert Bellarmine and Stapleton, rose to heights of implacable polemicism. | Field, Richard (I30163)
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| 1630 | From Wikipedia, accessed 1 Nov 2020: John Bennett Dawson […] was an American politician who served as a Democrat in the United States House of Representatives from the state of Louisiana. Born near Nashville, Tennessee on March 17, 1798, he went to Centre College in Danville, Kentucky. He moved to Louisiana and became a planter residing at Wyoming Plantation; he was also interested in the newspaper business. He married Margaret Johnson and together they had four children. His daughter Anna Ruffin Dawson married Robert C. Wickliffe who would serve as Lieutenant Governor and Governor of Louisiana in the 1850s. From 1823-1824, Dawson was a member of the Louisiana House of Representatives representing Feliciana Parish. He unsuccessfully ran for Louisiana Governor in 1834. He was defeated by Whig candidate Edward D. White. In 1840, Dawson was elected as a Democrat representing the Second District in the 27th Congress. He was re-elected in 1842 and represented the Third District in the 28th Congress. He served from March 4, 1841, until his death on June 26, 1845. He defeated James M. Elam (Whig) in the election of 1843. He served as major-general in the State militia, judge of the parish court in West Feliciana Parish, and U.S. postmaster at New Orleans from April 10, 1843, until December 19, 1843. | Dawson, John Bennett U. S. Representative from Louisiana (I12177)
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| 1631 | From Wikipedia: Almost continually engaged in the wars in France, he was seriously wounded during the Siege of Harfleur (1415), where his father died from dysentery. Later that year his older brother Michael, 3rd Earl of Suffolk, was killed at the Battle of Agincourt, and William succeeded as 4th Earl. He became co-commander of the English forces at the Siege of Orléans (1429), after the death of Thomas, Earl of Salisbury. When that city was relieved by Joan of Arc in 1429, he managed a retreat to Jargeau where he was forced to surrender on 12 June. He remained a prisoner of Charles VII of France for three years, and was ransomed in 1431. After his return to the Kingdom of England in 1434 he was made Constable of Wallingford Castle. He became a courtier and close ally of Cardinal Henry Beaufort. His most notable accomplishment in this period was negotiating the marriage of King Henry VI with Margaret of Anjou in 1444. This earned him a promotion from Earl to Marquess of Suffolk. However, a secret clause was put in the agreement which gave Maine and Anjou back to France, which was partly to cause his downfall. His own marriage took place on 11 November 1430, (date of licence), to (as her third husband) Alice Chaucer (1404–1475), daughter of Thomas Chaucer of Ewelme, Oxfordshire, and granddaughter of the notable poet Geoffrey Chaucer and his wife, Philippa Roet. With the deaths in 1447 of Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester and Cardinal Beaufort, Suffolk became the principal power behind the throne of the weak and compliant Henry VI. In short order he was appointed Chamberlain, Admiral of England, and to several other important offices. He was created Earl of Pembroke in 1447, and Duke of Suffolk in 1448. However, Suffolk was later suspected of being a traitor. On 16 July he met in secret with Jean, Count de Dunois, at his mansion of the Rose in Candlewick street, the first of several meetings in London at which they planned a French invasion. Suffolk passed Council minutes to Dunois, the French hero of the Siege of Orleans. It was rumoured that Suffolk never paid his ransom of £20,000 owed to Dunois. Lord Treasurer, Ralph Cromwell, wanted heavy taxes from Suffolk; the duke's powerful enemies included John Paston and Sir John Fastolf. Many blamed Suffolk's retainers for lawlessness in East Anglia. The following three years saw the near-complete loss of the English possessions in northern France. Suffolk could not avoid taking the blame for these failures, partly because of the loss of Maine and Anjou through his marriage negotiations regarding Henry VI. On 28 January 1450 he was arrested, imprisoned in the Tower of London and impeached in parliament by the commons. The king intervened to protect his favourite, who was banished for five years, but on his journey to Calais his ship was intercepted by the Nicholas of the Tower. Suffolk was captured, subjected to a mock trial, and executed by beheading. He was later found on the sands near Dover, and the body was probably brought to a church in Suffolk, possibly Wingfield. Suffolk was interred in the Carthusian Priory in Hull by his widow Alice, as was his wish, and not in the church at Wingfield, as is often stated. The Priory, founded in 1377 by his grandfather the first Earl of Suffolk, was dissolved in 1539, and most of the original buildings did not survive the two Civil War sieges of Hull in 1642 and 1643. | de la Pole, William (I19010)
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| 1632 | From Wikipedia: Archelaus Smith was a tanner, shoemaker and early settler of Barrington, Nova Scotia. [...] In the spring of 1760 Smith began planning to move his family from their home in Chatham to a new home in Barrington, Nova Scotia. He was to be one of the earliest settlers in the area, along with Solomon Smith, Jonathan Smith, and Thomas Crowell. He spent the summer of 1760 fishing, and during that time, determined native hostility in the Barrington area was too threatening, and so he changed his mind about moving. However, his wife Elizabeth was unaware of his change of heart, and took it upon herself to travel to Barrington with her family before her husband returned to Chatham. It is possible that they crossed paths, but certainly he was delayed in returning to Barrington. When he finally got there, he found his family being cared for by friendly natives, the same people he had feared. Smith was one of the original proprietors in the area, settling at Barrington Head in the fall of 1760. In fact, the first three houses at Centreville were called "the Housen", and belonged to Archelaus Smith, Simeon Gardner, and Jonathan Covell. "Housen" was Anglo-Saxon for houses. Smith's home was nearly opposite the old meeting house. In 1773 he moved to Cape Sable Island, where he and his family occupied almost all the land from Northeast Point to West Head (a distance of five miles). He also held a tract of land at Lower Clark's Harbour, Cape Sable Island (known then as Stumpy Cove), a large part of Hawk Point, and a great meadow in the centre of the island. He took over land that had been forfeited and abandoned by Joseph Worth, and built a home near the shore, a little north of where the Centreville Baptist Church would later stand. Around 1776 he moved to a house near the shore on Cape Sable Island, near the spot where just before 1981 Job Kenney would build the house that stands today. It is a short distance from the Centreville Baptist Church. Smith had a fair education, and was highly respected by other settlers. He was known as a "good, quiet, easy, patient man", and was chosen over several years to be clerk of the proprietors, as well as a community magistrate and a surveyor. By trade he was a tanner and a shoemaker, using lime made from mussel shells to cure leather. He was very religious, belonging to the Presbyterian church, and no food was cooked in his house on Sundays. Before a minister came to the island he conducted prayers for the community, and when necessary, buried the dead. Smith died 3 April 1821 in Centreville, Cape Sable Island, Nova Scotia. He is probably buried in the Centreville Cemetery, but his grave is unmarked, so in 1998 a stone in honour of Smith and his wife was erected there. In addition, a museum on Cape Sable Island has been established in his memory, containing historical artifacts, photos, and genealogical data of area families (largely compiled by Margaret Messenger). | Smith, Archelaus (I20146)
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| 1633 | From Wikipedia: Col. Joseph Whipple Sr. was a wealthy merchant in the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, and active in the civil affairs of the colony during the first half of the 18th century. The son of John Whipple and Sarah Whipple, who were early settlers of Dorchester in the Massachusetts Bay Colony and later of Providence, Whipple was born in Providence, the 10th of 11 children. He began his public service to the colony in 1698, selected as a Deputy from Providence, and served in that capacity for a majority of the years until 1728. He also served on the Providence Town Council for 15 years between 1703 and 1729, and was an Assistant in 1714. From 1719 to 1720 he was Colonel of the regiment of militia for the mainland. In 1696 he and others were granted a lot on which to build a schoolhouse, and in 1710 he was licensed to keep a public house, paying 20 shillings for the privilege. Whipple died in 1746, leaving a sizable estate to his children and grandchildren. He was buried in the North Burial Ground in Providence. | Whipple, Col. Joseph (I16294)
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| 1634 | From Wikipedia: Deacon Edward Convers was an early Puritan settler in the Massachusetts Bay Colony, and was one of the founders of Woburn, MA. He built the first house and first mill in Woburn. Convers was very active in town affairs, serving as one of its first selectmen. He served on "every committee and had a part in every movement that had this new settlement in view." He also helped establish Charlestown. He was one of the colony's wealthy landowners, and was a farmer, miller and surveyor. [...] He also founded the First Church of Charlestown, and established the first ferry from Charlestown to Boston. The ferry operated where the Charles River Bridge is now located, and was referred to as the "Great Ferry" (to distinguish it from a smaller ferry operating between Charlestown and Winnisimmet). Convers died on August 10, 1663, in Woburn, Massachusetts. | Converse, Edward (I15013)
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| 1635 | From Wikipedia: Early in the reign of Henry VII he became associated with Edmund Dudley in carrying out the King's rigorous and arbitrary system of taxation, and in consequence he became very unpopular. Retaining the royal favour, however, he was knighted at the creation of the future Henry VIII as Prince of Wales on 18 February 1504, and was soon High Steward of the University of Cambridge,and Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, but his official career ended with Henry VII's death in April 1509. Thrown into prison by order of the new King, Henry VIII, he was charged, like Dudley, with the crime of constructive treason, and was convicted at Northampton in October 1509. His attainder by Parliament followed, and he was beheaded on 17 August 1510. In 1512 his elder son, Thomas, was "restored in blood", meaning that his father's attainder was reversed so far as it affected him, by Act of Parliament. | Empson, Richard Speaker of the House of Commons (I21115)
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| 1636 | From Wikipedia: Gui Guerrejat ("the warrior") was the fifth son of William VI of Montpellier. When still a boy, in 1146, he inherited the castles of Paulhan and le Pouget from his father. After the death of his brother William VII, around 1172, Gui served jointly with John of Montlaur, bishop of Maguelonne, as guardian of his nephews, particularly of William VIII who had inherited the lordship. In this capacity Gui and John attended the conference at Mezouls in 1174 at which Raymond V of Toulouse and Alfonso II of Aragon negotiated an agreement with the young William VIII. In October 1174 Gui was at Alfonso II's court at Lerida. In 1176 he was among those present when the will was read of Ermessende of Pelet, countess of Melgueil. In 1177 he joined Bernard Ato V of Nîmes and Agde, Countess Ermengarde of Narbonne, and his nephews William VIII and Gui Burgundion, in an alliance in opposition to Raymond V of Toulouse, who now ruled Melgueil as widower of Ermessende of Pelet. According to her Occitan vida (in the Biographies des Troubadours), the trobairitz Azalais de Porcairagues was the lover of Gui Guerrejat; her one surviving poem seems to be addressed to him. | de Pouget dit Guerrejat, Guy (I12577)
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| 1637 | From Wikipedia: He was born in East Williams Township, Upper Canada, the son of John Alexander Macdonald and Jane Grant, and was educated there, in Hamilton, in Toronto and at the University of Toronto. Macdonald continued his studies at Knox College, where he became editor of the Knox College Monthly. After graduating in 1887, he continued to be editor and also served as college librarian. In 1890, Macdonald married Grace Lumsden Christian. He was ordained a Presbyterian minister in 1891 and assigned to Knox Presbyterian Church in St. Thomas. In 1896, Macdonald was named principal of Presbyterian Ladies' College in Toronto. He also became editor of a new Presbyterian monthly, the Westminster. In 1902, Macdonald also became editor of a new weekly Presbyterian. In 1903, he became editor of the Globe, continuing in that role until 1915. Macdonald also served as a director of the Canadian Associated Press and for the University of Toronto, as a trustee for the Toronto General Hospital. A pacifist, he was a director of the World Peace Foundation and participated in rallies against American involvement in World War I. Later concluding that German aggression needed to be stopped, Macdonald emphasized that the intent of war should be to restore peace. He died in Toronto at the age of 61. Macdonald published two collections of essays, Democracy and the Nations in 1915 and The North American Idea in 1917, proposing closer ties between Canada and the United States. In the latter year he suffered from both physical and mental breakdowns. These events caused his retirement. From the Dictionary of Canadian Biography (citation details below): MACDONALD, JAMES ALEXANDER, editor, Presbyterian minister, school principal, orator, social reformer, and author; b. 22 Jan. 1862 in East Williams Township, Upper Canada, son of John Alexander Macdonald, a farmer, and Jane Grant; m. 11 June 1890 Grace Lumsden Christian in Oil City, Ont., and they had two sons and a daughter; d. 14 May 1923 in Toronto. James A. Macdonald traced his ancestry to Glen Urquhart in the Highlands of Scotland. His great-great-grandfather had survived the battle of Culloden in 1746, immigrated to North Carolina, and fought with his sons on the side of the British in the American revolution. The family subsequently moved to Pictou County, N.S., and then to East Williams. Gaelic was the first language for many in the community where Macdonald grew up. | Macdonald, Rev. James A. (I35002)
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| 1638 | From Wikipedia: Ignatius Jordain was an English merchant and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1621 and 1629. Jordain was born at Lyme Regis, the son of William Jordain and his wife Elizabeth Ryder. He was baptised at Lyme Regis on 17 August 1561. When he was young he was sent by his friends to Exeter, to be brought up as merchant. In 1576, his employer sent him to Guernsey, where he was converted to puritanism. In 1599 he was appointed bailiff of Exeter. He became a member of the corporation in 1608 and was receiver of Exeter in 1610 and Sheriff of Exeter in 1611. In 1617 he became mayor of Exeter. He was also J.P. for 24 years. In 1621, he was elected Member of Parliament for Exeter. He was deputy mayor in 1624 when all the magistrates fled the city because of the plague. He was re-elected MP for Exeter in 1625, 1626 and 1628 and sat until 1629 when King Charles decided to rule without parliament for eleven years. In parliament, Jourdain succeeded in having bills passed penalising adultery, Sabbath-breaking and swearing. Jordain was a devout puritan. He was said to have read the Bible at least 20 times and Acts and Monuments seven times. He attempted to introduce temperance legislation and was considered the scourge of the alehouses in Exeter. When the proclamation regarding rebellious practices in Scotland was read in Exeter Cathedral in 1639, he was one of three men who put their hats on in protest. Jordain was also indifferent to worldly wealth and proud of his humble origins. He claimed "I came, but with a six-pence in my purse to this city; if I had had a shilling in my purse, I had never been mayor of Exeter." He dismissed threats of lawsuits that would leave him with a groat by saying that would be only two pence less than he had when he arrived in the city. | Jourdain, Ignatius Mayor of Exeter (I18367)
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| 1639 | From Wikipedia: John Cotton (4 December 1585 – 23 December 1652) was a clergyman in England and the American colonies and, by most accounts, the preeminent minister and theologian of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. He studied for five years at Trinity College, Cambridge and another nine at Emmanuel College, Cambridge. He had already built a reputation as a scholar and outstanding preacher when he accepted the position of minister at Saint Botolph's Church in Boston, Lincolnshire in 1612. As a Puritan, he wanted to do away with the ceremony and vestments associated with the established Anglican Church and preach in a simpler manner. He felt that the English church needed significant reforms, yet he was also adamant about not separating from it; his preference was to change it from within. Many ministers were removed from their pulpits for their Puritan practices, but Cotton thrived at St. Botolph's for nearly 20 years because of supportive aldermen and lenient bishops, as well as his very conciliatory and gentle demeanor. By 1632, however, the Anglican church had greatly increased its pressure on the non-conforming clergy, and Cotton was forced to go into hiding. The following year, he and his wife boarded a ship for New England. Cotton was highly sought as a minister in Massachusetts and was quickly installed as the second pastor of the Boston church, sharing the ministry with John Wilson. He generated more religious conversions in his first six months than had been made the previous year. Early in his Boston tenure, he became peripherally involved in the banishment of Roger Williams, who blamed much of his troubles on Cotton. Soon after, Cotton became embroiled in the colony's Antinomian Controversy, when several adherents of his "free grace" theology (most notably Anne Hutchinson) began criticizing other ministers in the colony. He tended to support his adherents through much of that controversy; near its conclusion, however, he realized that many of his followers held theological positions that were well outside the mainstream of Puritan orthodoxy, which he did not condone. Following the controversy, Cotton was able to mend fences with his fellow ministers, and he continued to preach in the Boston church until his death. A great part of his effort during his late career was devoted to the governance of the New England churches, and he was the one who gave the name Congregationalism to this form of church polity. A new form of polity was being decided for the Anglican Church in the early 1640s, as the Puritans in England gained power on the eve of the English Civil War, and Cotton wrote numerous letters and books in support of the "New England Way". Ultimately, Presbyterianism was chosen as the form of governance during the Westminster Assembly in 1643, though Cotton continued to engage in a polemic contest with several prominent Presbyterians on this issue. Cotton became more conservative with age. He battled the separatist attitude of Roger Williams, and endorsed severe punishment -- including death -- of those whom he deemed heretics, such as Samuel Gorton. He was a scholar, an avid letter writer, and the author of many books, and was considered the "prime mover" among New England's ministers. He died in December 1652 at age 67, following a month-long illness. His grandson Cotton Mather also became a prominent New England minister and historian. | Cotton, Rev. John (I27012)
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| 1640 | From Wikipedia: John Paston was the son of William Paston, Justice of the Common Pleas, and Agnes Berry. After he succeeded his father in 1444, his life was marked by conflict occasioned by a power struggle in East Anglia between William de la Pole, 1st Duke of Suffolk, and John Mowbray, 3rd Duke of Norfolk, and by his involvement in the affairs of his wife's kinsman, Sir John Fastolf. A number of his letters survive among the Paston Letters, a rich source of historical information for the lives of the English gentry of the period. [...] In 1455 he was elected as one of the Knights of the Shire for Norfolk, but did not take a seat in Parliament as the Duke of Norfolk 'insisted on his own nominees being returned'. In 1457 he paid a fine for declining a knighthood. In 1458 Paston, his brother William and others were accused of 'riotous behaviour', and the Duke of Norfolk headed a commission charged with arresting them. From 1460–6 he was Justice of the Peace for Norfolk, and was elected as a member of parliament in 1460 and again in 1461. In 1461, as a result of conflict with Sir John Howard, then Sheriff of Norfolk, he was briefly imprisoned in the Fleet. In 1464, in connection with his involvement in the estate of the late Sir John Fastolf, he was accused of trespass, outlawed, and imprisoned in the Fleet.[12][1] In 1465 he was imprisoned in the Fleet for the third time, again in connection with Fastolf's estate. Much of Paston's time from the mid-1450s had in fact been taken up by his position as adviser to his wife's kinsman, 'the ageing, wealthy, and childless Sir John Fastolf'. In 1456 he was appointed one of the feoffees of Fastolf's lands. In June 1459 Fastolf made a will which provided that his ten executors found a college in Caister. However, after Fastolf died on 5 November 1459, Paston claimed that on 3 November Fastolf had made a nuncupative will giving Paston exclusive authority over the foundation of the college, and providing that, after payment of 4000 marks, Paston was to have all Fastolf's lands in Norfolk and Suffolk. Relying on the nuncupative will, Paston took possession of the Fastolf estates, and resided at times at Fastolf's manors of Caister and Hellesdon. Paston's claim to the Fastolf lands was challenged by the Duke of Norfolk, who seized Caister in 1461; by Sir William Yelverton and Gilbert Debenham, who claimed the manors of Cotton in Suffolk and Caldecott Hall near Fritton; by John de la Pole, 2nd Duke of Suffolk, who claimed two Norfolk manors, Hellesdon and Drayton, in 1465; and by Lord Scales, who in January 1466 forced officials of the city of Norwich to seize Paston's property there in the king's name, alleging that Paston was a 'serf of the crown'. In 1464 a legal challenge to Paston's executorship under the nuncupative will was mounted by William Yelverton, one of the ten executors who had been appointed under Sir John Fastolf's written will; however the case was still undecided at the time of Paston's death. During the latter years of his life, Paston fell out with his eldest son and heir, John. He died at London on 21 or 22 May 1466, and was buried at Bromholm Priory, Norfolk. | Paston, John (I21130)
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| 1641 | From Wikipedia: Little is recorded about Thorgil in historical texts. Most of what was recorded is in reference to his children, two of whom were parents of royalty. Thorgil's cognomen Sprakalägg can be translated into English as "Strut-leg". In the Icelandic Knýtlinga saga he is also called "the fast". In the 11th century, English historian John of Worcester provided a pedigree for earl Beorn Estrithson that made his grandfather 'Spraclingus' a son of 'Ursius' (i.e. urso, Latin for bear or Bjørn in Danish, Björn in Swedish). Two 13th-century writers relate folklore that derives Thorgil from the mating of a bear with a noblewoman. Danish historian Saxo Grammaticus recorded that the son born to such a union was 'named after his father' (i.e. called 'bear' - Ursius/Björn) and in turn became father of 'Thrugillus, called Sprageleg'. The Gesta Antecessorum Comitis Waldevi copies John of Worcester's pedigree but makes the Ursius, father of 'Spratlingus', an actual white bear. The 14th-century chronicle sometimes attributed to John Brompton tells a very similar tale relating to the birth of Björn, called Boresune (bear's-son), father of Siward, Earl of Northumbria, and this may represent the original form of the longer, chronologically impossible pedigree of Siward found in the Gesta that erroneously identifies Björn Boresune with Thorgil's grandson, Beorn Estrithson. It has been suggested that the role of a bear in their immediate ancestry may represent a tradition shared by relatives rather than that two independent families at about the same time both co-opted the same ancient Norwegian legend for their immediate ancestry, that Björn Boresune and Thorgil may have been brothers. In the 18th century, Danish historian Jakob Langebek suggested this bear story was allegorical, and that the brutish 'Wild' Björn, father of Thorgil, was a reference to Jomsviking brigand leader Styrbjörn the Strong (Styrbjörn Starke), depicted by sagas as the son of Olaf Björnsson, king of Sweden. Styrbjörn's wife in the sagas is stated to have been Tyra of Denmark, the daughter of Harold Bluetooth, king of Denmark and Norway. No primary source supports this royal ancestry for Thorgil, a connection almost impossible to maintain because of the chronological inconsistencies. | Sprakalaeg, Thorkill (I8663)
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| 1642 | From Wikipedia: Niklot or Nyklot (1090 – August 1160) was a pagan chief or prince of the Slavic Obotrites and an ancestor of the House of Mecklenburg. He became chief of the Obotrite confederacy, including the Kissini and the Circipani, between the years 1130 and 1131. He remained in this position until his death in 1160. At the same time he was Lord of (Herr zu) Schwerin, Quetzin and Malchow. For nearly 30 years he resisted Saxon princes, especially Henry the Lion during the Wendish Crusade. He fought the conversion of the pagan Polabian Slavs to Christianity. | Niklot Prince of the Obotrites (I25442)
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| 1643 | From Wikipedia: Pribislav (German: Pribislaw) was an Obotrite prince and the first Prince of Mecklenburg (1167–1178). Pribislav was one of three sons of the Obotrite chieftain Niklot, who was killed in 1160 during a joint campaign by Duke Henry the Lion of Saxony and King Valdemar the Great of Denmark. The territory of the Obotrites was largely partitioned between Saxon lords, but Pribislav continued to fight against Henry from the fortification at Werle on the River Warnow near Rostock, the only territory remaining to Pribislav and his brother Wertislav. Niklot's sons engineered a widespread revolt against Saxon rule in 1163. While Wertislav and much of the Slavic nobility were imprisoned by Henry during the siege of Werle, Pribislav destroyed many of the former Obotrite castles including Mecklenburg where all the male Fleming (settlers from Flanders) defenders were slaughtered. After Pribislav recaptured Malchow and Quetzin, Henry the Lion suppressed the revolt with much bloodshed. Wertislav was publicly hanged at Malchow. Supported by a Danish fleet, the Saxon army defeated the Slavs in the bloody Battle of Verchen in 1164. Pribislav fled to Pomerania afterward, but later led raids into the counties of Schwerin and Ratzeburg. The Cistercian missionary Berno of Amelungsborn convinced Pribislav to side with the Christians against the pagan Slavs. In conflict with the Saxon nobility and seeking an ally, Henry restored Pribislav to power in 1167 as the Prince of Mecklenburg, Kessin, and Rostock; the County of Schwerin remained in Frankish Saxon control. Pribislav's restoration to power established an originally Slavic dynasty in Mecklenburg that lasted until 1918. In comparison, the lands of the Polabians and Wagrians to the west had been taken over by Saxon lords. The date of Pribislav's conversion to Christianity is disputed; it has been dated to before the death of Niklot in 1160 or to the prince's restoration to power in 1167. Allied with the Saxon duke, Pribislav fought against the pagan Rani of Rügen. Pribislav founded the monastery of Doberan in 1171 and endowed the Bishopric of Schwerin. He participated in a pilgrimage to Jerusalem with Henry the following year. The prince also negotiated a marriage between his son Henry Borwin I and a daughter of Henry's. He married Woizlava, daughter of Wartislaw I, Duke of Pomerania. Pribislav died from a wound received at a tournament in Lüneburg on Dec. 30, 1178, and his body was interred in St. Michaelis Church, Lüneburg. In 1219 his remains were transferred by his son Heinrich Borwin to the newly completed Doberan Minster, where they lie in a sarcophagus in the Chapel of Pribislav. | Przybyslaw Prince of the Obotrites (I25441)
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| 1644 | From Wikipedia: Sargent was one of the largest landholders in Gloucester. He served as a colonel of militia before the Revolutionary War and was a justice of the general session court for more than thirty years. In 1744, he was Gloucester's representative in the General Court of Massachusetts. In 1760, two years before his death, he had his portrait painted by John Singleton Copley. It's now in the National Gallery in Washington, DC. | Sargent, Epes (I15982)
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| 1645 | From Wikipedia: Sir John de Wingfield was chief administrator to Edward the Black Prince. He and both his brothers fought at Crecy in 1346. He fought in the Normandy campaign from 1347-48. He was appointed 'governor of the prince's business' (in effect business-manager) to Edward the Black Prince round about 1351. In 1356 Wingfield fought at Poitiers capturing the head of the French King John II's bodyguard, Sire D'Aubigny. Edward III purchased this captive from Wingfield for £833. Wingfield died round about 1361, possibly of the second outbreak of the Black Death. His will provided for the founding of Wingfield College in 1362. The college was endowed by the Black Prince. Sir John Wingfield's only child, his daughter and heiress, married Michael de la Pole, later 1st Earl of Suffolk and lived at Wingfield Castle in Suffolk. | Wingfield, John (I19029)
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| 1646 | From Wikipedia: When the Connecticut Charter of 1662 forced the New Haven Colony to merge with Connecticut in 1665, Treat led a group of dissidents who left the colony. They moved to New Jersey in 1666 where they were joined by other dissidents from Branford, Connecticut, another part of the former New Haven Colony. The dissidents from Branford were led by Abraham Pierson, Sr. Robert Treat wanted the new community to be named Milford, New Jersey. Pierson, a devout Puritan, preferred the name New Ark, and this place is now known as Newark. Robert himself returned to Milford, Connecticut in 1672 and lived there the rest of his life. Treat headed the colony's militia for several years, principally against the Narragansett Indians. This included participating in King Philip's War in 1676. He served on the Governor's Council continuously from 1676 to 1708. First elected Governor in 1683, Treat was supplanted by Sir Edmund Andros in 1687, making Connecticut part of the Dominion of New England. Treat is credited with having a role in concealing the state's charter in the Charter Oak, and resumed his job as governor when the dominion scheme fell apart in 1689. He was re-elected annually until being defeated by Fitz-John Winthrop in 1698. | Treat, Robert Governor of Connecticut (I14497)
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| 1647 | From Wikipedia: William Bradford was an English Separatist originally from the West Riding of Yorkshire. He moved to Leiden in Holland in order to escape persecution from King James I of England, and then emigrated to the Plymouth Colony on the Mayflower in 1620. He was a signatory to the Mayflower Compact and went on to serve as Governor of the Plymouth Colony intermittently for about 30 years between 1621 and 1657. His journal Of Plymouth Plantation covered the years from 1620 to 1657 in Plymouth. [...] William Bradford's most well-known work by far is Of Plymouth Plantation. It is a detailed history in journal form about the founding of the Plymouth Colony and the lives of the colonists from 1621 to 1646. Bradford's journal is described as a retrospective account of his recollections and observations. The first work was written in 1630; the second was never finished, but "between 1646 and 1650, he brought the account of the colony's struggles and achievements through the year 1646." As Walter P. Wenska states, "Bradford writes most of his history out of his nostalgia, long after the decline of Pilgrim fervor and commitment had become apparent. Both the early annals which express his confidence in the Pilgrim mission and the later annals, some of which reveal his dismay and disappointment, were written at about the same time." In Of Plymouth Plantation, Bradford drew deep parallels between everyday life and the events of the Bible. As Philip Gould writes, "Bradford hoped to demonstrate the workings of divine providence for the edification of future generations." In 1888, Charles F. Richardson referred to Bradford as a "forerunner of literature" and "a story-teller of considerable power." Moses Coit Tyler called him "the father of American history." Many American authors have cited his work in their writings; for example, Cotton Mather referred to it in Magnalia Christi Americana and Thomas Prince referred to it in A Chronological History of New-England in the Form of Annals. Even today it is considered a valuable piece of American literature, included in anthologies and studied in literature and history classes. It has been called an American classic and the pre-eminent work of art in seventeenth-century New England. The Of Plymouth Plantation manuscript disappeared by 1780, "presumably stolen by a British soldier during the British occupation of Boston"; it reappeared in Fulham, London, England. Philip Gould states, "In 1855, scholars intrigued by references to Bradford in two books on the history of the Episcopal Church in America (both located in England) located the manuscript in the bishop of London's library at Lambeth Palace." A long debate ensued as to the rightful home for the manuscript. Multiple attempts by United States Senator George Frisbie Hoar and others to have it returned proved futile at first. According to Francis B. Dedmond, "after a stay of well over a century at Fulham and years of effort to [e]ffect its release, the manuscript was returned to Massachusetts" on May 26, 1897. | Bradford, William Governor of the Plymouth Colony (I19976)
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| 1648 | From Wikipedia: Nathaniel Butler [...] ]was an English privateer who later served as the colonial governor of Bermuda during the early 17th century. He had built many structures still seen in Bermuda today including many of the island's coastal fortresses and the State House, in St. George's, the oldest surviving English settlement in the New World (the State House, completed in 1620, was the first purpose-built building to house the Bermudian parliament). He also has the distinction of introducing the potato, the first seen in North America, to the early English colonists of Jamestown, Virginia. First serving in the service of the Earl of Warwick during his early sailing career, he was later appointed as governor of Bermuda, then administered by the Somers Isles Company (an offshoot of the Virginia Company), a post which he served from 1619 to 1622. During this time, he salvaged guns from a shipwrecked vessel and used them to arm the island forts then under construction including Southampton Fort and those of Smith's and Paget Island in 1620 (the incident would later be recorded by John Smith in 1624). While Governor of Bermuda, he played an indirect role in the development of the Bermuda rig, when he employed a shipwrecked Dutch boat-builder. He would also be the first to introduce the potato to North America when, in 1621, he had a cargo of potatoes shipped to Governor Francis Wyatt of Jamestown. He was the third governor of Bermuda. After a brief stay in Jamestown the following year, during which he published a report entitled "Unmasked Face of Our Colony in Virginia as it was in the winter of the Year 1622" later presented to the Privy Council upon his return to London, Butler was made an Admiral of the Providence Island colony, at the age of 61. He later found employ with the Providence Island Company during 1639 and 1640. While on a privateering expedition in mid-1639 along the Spanish Main, he successfully captured a Spanish frigate at the harbour of Trujillo, and was later paid 16,000 pesos in ransom. However, the frigate alone was considered a poor prize by the standards of the time and, suffering from inexperienced officers unfamiliar with the region (including future privateer James Riskinner), the expedition followed a very erratic course throughout the Caribbean and failed to capture anything else of value by the time of their return to Providence in September 1639. | Butler, Nathaniel Governor of Bermuda (I26474)
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| 1649 | From: 'Colleges: Wolverhampton, St Peter', A History of the County of Stafford: Volume 3 (1970), pp. 321-331: Throughout the 13th century the royal chapels were struggling to establish their exemption from episcopal jurisdiction. The church of Wolverhampton secured this privilege with less difficulty than other royal chapels of the diocese. It owed its success principally to Giles of Erdington who first appears as Dean of Wolverhampton in 1224. Erdington made his career in the royal service and became one of the most distinguished of Henry III's judges. His legal skill is evident in the agreement he negotiated with the new Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield, Alexander Stavensby, immediately after the bishop's consecration in 1224. This formalized the traditional but unwritten privileges asserted earlier by Peter of Blois. It recognized the dean's right to appoint to the prebends in his church, institute his clergy, and correct them; it admitted the bishop's intervention only on neglect of correction and after an official admonition, and even then allowed him no right to procurations. On the other hand it recognized that the bishop was entitled to be received with honour, to celebrate, preach, and confirm in the church, and to hear difficult cases and appeals from the parish. Under the protection of this agreement Wolverhampton enjoyed its privileges unchallenged during the episcopates of Stavensby and his successors until 1260 when Bishop Meuland attempted visitation. Erdington obtained a royal prohibition and in order to defend the agreement of 1224 invoked a papal bull which Henry III had obtained in 1245, exempting royal chapels from episcopal jurisdiction. The dispute ended finally in 1292 when the bishop recognized that all seven royal chapels of his diocese were exempt from ordinary jurisdiction and directly subject to Rome, and reserved only his right to be received with honour, to preach, ordain, consecrate, and confirm in them. Erdington also defended the financial interests of the college. He had boundaries perambulated, transactions recorded, and property rights defended in the courts. In 1258 he obtained from the king the valuable grant of a weekly market and an annual fair to be held at Wolverhampton. He secured the goodwill of local landowners by concessions of privilege and of land and promoted good relations with the townsmen by granting his burgesses in 1263 the right to hold their burgages freely by hereditary title with the same privileges and liabilities as the burgesses of Stafford. Perhaps the last benefit the college received from Erdington was an endowment for the maintenance of a chaplain at Wolverhampton. He died probably at the end of 1268, after having held the deanery for at least 44 years. | de Erdington, Giles Dean of St. Peter College (I2151)
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| 1650 | From: 'Parishes: Tickencote', A History of the County of Rutland: Volume 2 (1935), pp. 275-281: TICKENCOTE, The tenant holding at all events a part of the manor of the Grimbalds was Henry, son of Richard de Tickencote, who was granted 6 bovates of land here for a fifth of a fee. Henry de Tickencote had licence to export bread in 1224. Before 1234, however, the manor had passed to William le Daneys, who, with his overlord Robert Grimbald, consented to the presentation to the church of Tickencote by the abbot of Owston (co. Leic.). William had married as his second wife Mabel, who was apparently heiress of the Tickencotes, as on the death of William in 1250 his widow Mabel had the custody of the manor until the majority of the heir, John, which occurred in 1253. John in that year had seisin of the manor, which had been in the king's hands on account of the debt owing from William de Plessetis, who had a lien on the manor from William le Daneys, saving the dower of Mabel. John le Daneys seems to have died without issue before 1263, when lands in Tickencote were settled on Mabel for life with reversion to William, son of Richard le Daneys, brother of Mabel's husband William. William, son of William son of Richard, had a son Brice le Daneys, who with Isabel his wife was holding lands in Tickencote in 1287. Brice held aquarter of a fee and Hugh de Bussey half a fee there in 1305. Before 1311, however, Brice had acquired the manor, which he settled in that year on himself and Joan, probably his second wife. Brice was knight of the shire for Rutland in 1312 and took a prominent part in the affairs of the county. In the same year he was involved in a suit against Grimbald, son of Grimbald Pauncefort, heir of Brice's cousin, Ella le Daneys, as to lands in Hildesham. Brice died before 1344, when Oger Daveys (Daneys) released to his brother Roland all claim to the manor of Tickencote and all other lands which formerly belonged to Brice in Empingham. | le Daneys, William (I8751)
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| 1651 | John P. Ravilious quotes from Keats-Rohan's Domesday Descendants, regarding her son Richard de Camville: "His mother was a daughter of Alberic de Vere (cf. Rot. de Dom. 84 an note; Comp. Peer. x, App. J., n. j.), as may be inferred from the descent of his Domesday manor of Hildersham as the marriage portion of Matilda de Ros, daughter of Richard; Matilda granted land there to Clerkenwell priory, c. 1190 when her daughter Beatrice became a nun and the grant was confirmed by Alberic III de Ver (Cart. Clerkenwell, 24-26)." "[Alberic de Ver was father] possibly also of a daughter who was mother of Richard de Camville." [K. S. B. Keats-Rohan, Domesday People] | de Vere, (Unknown) (I3055)
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| 1652 | John Watson, 2 Dec 2010 post to SGM: From memory (which gets worse over the years). Robert de Grey, holder of Rotherfield in 1166, had two or possibly three younger brothers, Anketil (II), William and probably Thomas. I would think that the more likely candidates for the father of John de Grey bishop of Norwich and his sister Hawise are either William or Thomas. Hawise married a Mr. somebody-or-other and had at least three children, Robert, Walter (Abp. York) and Eve (married Wm. Brito). Her children took their mother's name of de Grey - probably to stop the family name dying out - her two sons, Robert and Walter being the only male heirs of Anketil (I) de Grey who held Rotherfield at Domesday. Anketil (II)'s heir was his granddaughter Eve, daughter of his son John, who married Ralph Murdac. In this scenario - Robert and Walter de Grey would be the first cousins of Eve Murdac. Now if we could only work out who Mr. somebody-or-other was, the picture would be complete. | (Unknown de Grey) (I6054)
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| 1653 | John Watson, soc.genealogy.medieval, 5 June 2017: William de Beauchamp (died 1170) confirmed Walter his father's grant of land and tithes to Worcester Cathedral priory, including a virgate of land held by Alfred, chaplain of Urse d'Abetot, his grandfather. William's mother was a daughter of Urse d'Abetot, but I have not seen any contemporary evidence that her name was Emmeline. Dugdale identified her from a register of the dean and chapter of Worcester which is now lost. "Willelmus de Bello campo omnibus ministris suis et ballivis de Wirecestre scira salutem, Sciatis me concessise et confirmasse donationem illam, quam pater meus Walterus fecit Priori et Monachis de Wirecestria de una virgata terrae quam Elfredus capellanus Ursonis de Abbetot avi mei tenuit. Et volo, ut teneant eam liberam et quietam de geldis et omnibus secularibus exactionibus, sicut elemosinam patris mei et matris meae. T. Isnardo, Rogero de Lenz &c." William Hale Hale, Registrum sive Liber Irrotularius et Consuetudinarius Prioratus Beatae Mariae Wigorniensis (London, 1865), 92a. | d'Abetot, Emmeline (I2721)
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| 1654 | Joseph Fogle, lunatic ARCHIVES OF MARYLAND ONLINE VOLUME 213, PAGE 73 Passed Feb. 6 1832 An act for the benefit of Joseph Fogle, of the state of Kentucky, a lunatic. Preamble, WHEREAS, it appears to the General Assembly, by the memorial of James Hancock, of Nelson county, in the state of Kentucky, and the several documents and proofs therewith exhibited, that Joseph Fogle, of the same county and state, has been duly found to be a lunatic, as well by an inquisition duly taken by the circuit court of Nelson county, in the state of Kentucky aforesaid, as also by an inquisition taken according to law by the county court of Frederick county in this state, sitting as a court,of chancery, that the said James Hancock, was duly appointed and qualified as the trustee of the estate of said lunatic, lying and being in Kentucky, as well as of his person, and that a certain William Fischer, of Frederick county aforesaid, was also duly appointed the trustee of the estate of the said lunatic, lying and being in this state; that the said William Fischer took upon himself the burthen of the said trust, having executed his bond for the faithful performance thereof in the penalty of eight thousand dollars, and is now in possession of all the property of the said lunatic in this state, consisting of about four thousand dollars in money; that the said William Fischer is willing to be discharged from the further performance of the said trust, and to pay over the funds in his hands to another trustee who may be authorised to receive it, and to execute a valid acquittance for the same; and it appears right and proper that the whole estate of the said lunatic should be put within the control of the court having jurisdiction of his person, and where his family also resides — Therefore, Trustees to pay & receive. Section 1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Maryland, That the county court of Frederick county aforesaid, sitting as a court of chancery, be and it is hereby authorised and empowered to order and direct the saidn William Fischer, trustee as aforesaid, or any future trustee of the above mentioned Joseph Fogle, within the jurisdiction of said court, to pay over and transfer any money or property belonging to the estate of the said Joseph Fogle, to any trustee that may now or hereafter be appointed by the circuit court of Nelson county aforesaid, in the state of Kentucky, to receive the same; Provided, that the said court of Frederick county sitting as aforesaid, shall be satisfied that the trustee applying for any money or other property by virtue of this act, has executed a bond to the state of Kentucky, with security approved by the said court in Kentucky, conditioned, as well for the faithful conveyance of such money or property, or the value thereof in money, to the person or persons entitled to receive the same, as for the performance of his trust in that state. [Much, much more at A Fogle Family History.] | Fogle, Joseph (I6745)
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| 1655 | Kentucky Historical Marker #1946, 3/4 miles east of Browder on KY 70: Capt. Henry Rhoads, Jr. 1739-1814 (Obverse) This house was built ca. 1792 by Henry Rhoads, Jr., a capt. in Rev. War under Gen. John Muhlenberg. Rhoads led settlers from Penn. to Green River area of Ky. in 1785. He laid out town of Rhoadsville, now called Calhoun. In 1798, as state legislator, he proposed name of Muhlenberg for new county. Presented by Rhoads Descendants. (Reverse) Capt. Henry Rhoads, Jr. - Before moving to Ky., Henry Rhoads served as captain in Pennsylvania militia during Revolutionary War. He was a delegate to Pennsylvania state constitutional convention of 1776. As member of Kentucky state legislature, he suggested that newly formed county be named for his beloved commander, Gen. John Muhlenberg. He became this county's first state legislator (1798-1800). | Rhoads, Capt. Henry (I34790)
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| 1656 | Louisville Times, 27 May 1915: Joseph Anderson Fuqua, steward of the Central State Hospital at Lakeland and father-in-law of United States Senator, J. C. W. Beckham, succumbed to cardiac asthma at 4 o'clock Wednesday afternoon, at his apartment at the hospital. The funeral will be conducted from the institution at 2 o'clock tomorrow afternoon and at 3:30 o'clock at the grave at Cave Hill Cemetery. The Rev. Dr. Henry Sluyter, pastor of the Anchorage Presbyterian Church, will officiate. Mr. Fuqua had been confined to his room three weeks. His health had been declining several months. He was sixty-six years of age and a native of Cumberland, Va., being a son of Dr. William Fuqua. When of age he went to Owensboro, Ky., and engaged in the tobacco business. Later he represented P. Lorillard & Co., of New York, in the tobacco trade in that city. He was appointed steward at the asylum in 1905. He was a member of the Owensboro Lodge of Elks, the Owensboro Commandery, Knights Templar, and Kosair Temple, Nobles of the Mystic Shrine. He is survived by his wife, Mrs. Eleanor R. Fuqua; four sons, Hampden Fuqua, of Owensboro; Joseph A. Fuqua, Jr., of Jacksonville, Fla.; George M. Fuqua, of Owensboro; Thomas L. Fuqua, of this city, and two daughters, Mrs. J. C. W. Beckham, of Frankfort, and Mrs. W. E. Gardner, of Louisville. Three sisters also survive, Mrs. Bryant Strother, of Chester, Va.; Mrs. Mamie W. Vaughan and Mrs. Ellen J. Embrick, the latter two of Cumberland, Va. | Fuqua, Joseph Anderson (I9129)
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| 1657 | Mark Crocker's will, from tn-roots.com: I give unto my wife the following property (viz) one good horse and one side saddle, I give her also the following notes of hand, (and direct my executor to collect the same and pay it over to my wife as soon as convenient after they fall due) our note on I. H. Day & R C Henley for Ten dollars due the 9th of Oct 1857 our note on W N Hammonds for Twelve dollars due 26th Dec. 1857 our note on C C Hammonds Seventy dollars & 30 cents due 26th December 1857 our note on J W Conner & David Conner fourteen dollars & 60 cents due 26th December 1857 our note on A. M. Will & C C Hammonds for four dollars & 17cents due 26th Dec 1857 our note on J M Witherspoon & A G Pearco Two dollars and 20 cents due 25th December 1857 our note on J B Driskill for one dollar and 20 cents due 25th December 1857 and our note on Thomas H Witherspoon for forty dollars due 22nd July 1857 all of Said note were taken for property sold,belonging to my wife before our marriage. give and bequeath unto my said wife in addition to the above, three beds Steads, and furniture sufficient for the three beds Six choice chairs one folding table, one cupboard & one bureau (the ones that she brought to my house) all the table and kitchen furniture that she brought to my house after our marriage | Crocker, Mark (I943)
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| 1658 | Note attached by "stashyc" to William Hayden in her public ancestry.com tree: Basil Hayden Sr. and his brother William Hayden, sons of George Hayden (d. 1754) were living in Kentucky at the time of their mother Charity's death. Neither were mentioned in Charity's will of 1791. Elizabeth Hayden (d. 1761), the boys' grandmother, left [land to] just the two oldest children of her deceased son George [...] "Item I bequeath to my two grandsons William Hayden & Basil Hayden sons to George all that part or parcell of Land whereon William Morgan now lives known by the name of Shankes Resque containing 102 acres more or less to be divided Equally between my two grandsons as above mentioned". According to the Rent Rolls (43:105) Basil sold his share to his brother William on 9/17/1767. Accompanied his brother Basil to Kentucky in 1785. Deed recorded 3/31/1789 (Deed 2:59-60) in Nelson County, Virginia (became the state of Kentucky in 1792) records William Hayden['s] purchase of 400 acres of land "...beginning in James Cloyds line..." (on Pottinger's Creek). William Hayden's will was proved null and void in the case "Hayden Heirs vs Hayden Executors" files 1794. The names of all of William Hayden's heirs were given in the court case (A:191-192) in Washington County, on 2/22/1796. When the heirs sold William Hayden's land, Bennett Hayden was not named as he had given whatever was to come to him from his father's estate "to my sister Mary Hayden" - dated 4/10/1794 (Deed A:178 Washington Co., KY). | Hayden, William (I1344)
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| 1659 | Owensboro Messenger, 7 Apr 1907, page 9: EIGHT CHILDREN IN EIGHT YEARS Is Record of Young Curdsville Couple. Among them are three sets of twins -- Four Boys and Four Girls If All People Followed Their Example Owensboro Would Extend From Hardinsburg to Henderson. Whether there is race suicide in process of perpetration in this country or whether there is not, there is a young couple in Daviess county, eight years married and parents of eight children. If their example were followed by all the people in Daviess county this section would shortly be such a city that Main street would extend from Hardinsburg to Henderson. It would be a city that could furnish wives for the womanless of the West and soldiers for the armies of the world. These young people are Mr. and Mrs. Clarence Hayden of the Curdsville neighborhood. Mr. Hayden is the son of Mr. and Mrs. J. S. Hayden, his wife was, before her marriage, Miss Fannie Newton. Both are members of well known and highly respected families. Mr. Hayden is a farmer by occupation and is prosperous. Of their children four are boys and four are girls. Among them there are three pairs of twins. The first was a boy, then came twins, then a girl and then came twins again, two boys. Saturday, on the eighth anniversary of their marriage, a third pair of twins came, bringing the total number of children to eight. The latest twins are girls. Mr. Hayden is thirty-three years old and weighs 125 pounds. His wife is twenty-nine years old and weighs 150 pounds. This record has probably never been surpassed in Daviess county. There is a case on record of a couple in this same section of the county who had five children in a year—but this was maintained for only one year. It was nearly forty years ago. In January, twins were born to them, and in December of the same year triplets were born. But Mr. and Mrs. Hayden have the record for recent years. The father of Mr. Hayden brought the news of the birth of the latest pair of twins to Owensboro yesterday afternoon. Owensboro Messenger, 9 Feb 1908, page 9: YOUNG FARMER DIES And Leaves a Widow and Eight Children Clarence Hayden died of heart trouble at 1 o'clock Saturday afternoon at his home at Rome, after an illness of several months. His death, while sudden, was not unexpected. He had been in poor health for some time. Mr. Hayden was twenty-eight years old and a respected farmer of the Rome section. His wife, who was before her marriage Miss Newton, survives him, with eight children. The funeral will take place at 9 o'clock Sunday morning from St. Raphael's church. The interment will be in the church cemetery. | Hayden, Clarence Eugene "E. C." (I4248)
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| 1660 | Owensboro Twice-a-Week Messenger, 3 Jul 1915, p. 8: Claudia [sic] Hayden. A telegram received by Robert Hayden, of the Curdsville neighborhood, announced the death of his brother, Claudia [sic] Hayden, which occurred Thursday morning in the National Soldier's Home in Washington, D. C. Mr. Hayden was thirty-seven years of age, a son of Mr. and Mrs. Jas. S. Hayden, deceased. He was born and reared near West Louisville. He left Daviess county seventeen years ago and enlisted in the army, where he served until he was forced to retire on account of ill health, two years ago. Mr. Hayden was ill with heart trouble, the cause of his death. His remains will be shipped here for burial, which will take place in the St. Alphonsus Catholic Church burying grounds. Mr. Hayden is survived by his sister, Mrs. Pete Clark [sic — his sister Teresa was married to Philip Ernest Clark], West Louisville; four brothers, Robert Hayden, Curdsville; William Hayden, Cradford Hayden [sic — Crawford], and Ivo Hayden. | Hayden, Jerome Claude (I4629)
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| 1661 | Post to SGM, 26 Aug 2007, by Alan Grey: To this could be added the Maud who married Thomas de Tolethorpe (died c. 1290). She is said to have been the daughter of Brice Daneys [VCH Rutland, Vol. 2, p. 238] but I have not seen a primary source for the statement. The chronology of the Tolethorpe family would indicate to me that if Maud was of the Daneys family, then she was the sister, rather than daughter, of Brice. Her son William de Tolethorpe was in possession of the knight's fee in Tolethorpe in 1291 (i.e., born before 1270),and so Maud was born before (probably several years before) 1255, I suppose. For his part, Brice cannot have been born much before 1250 if he flourished from 1272, but lived until after 1318/21, especially since he was the great-grandson of a man whose brothers still flourished in the 1240s and whose children (Brice's grandfather's generation) were born in the 1230s (as per your post). Thus, Brice cannot be Maud's father, but perhaps he could be a brother. | le Daneys, Maud (I1124)
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| 1662 | Quoted in G. Andrews Moriarty, "Genealogical Research in England: Lothrop", The New England Historical and Genealogical Register 84:437, October 1930: From the Records of the Court of Star Chamber [Preserved in the Public Record Office, London] Petition [undated] of James Carter and his wife Agnes and Thomas Layton and his wife Isabell states that they are seised of one acre of customary land in the manor of South Dalton, co. York, with appurtenances in Chery Burton, co. York, called Coke Merys, as of fee in right of Agnes and Isabel, whereon in 24 Henry VIII [1532-33] they sowed good wheat, which prospered till it was ready to be reaped, and that they then reaped a great part of the wheat, bound it in sheaves, and made thirty stooks, each containing twelve sheaves, according to the custom of that country, and intended to reap the rest. But now John Lawthrop, William Bynkys, Robert Lawthrop, William Patton, and John Burne, of their malicious and riotous minds, with clubs, staves, swords, daggers, pikes, etc., by force of arms, about Monday sennight next after the Feast of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin [15 August], 25 Henry VIII [1533-34], entered the land, took away the wheat which had been reaped, and reaped and carried off the rest, making assault upon James Carter, beating and wounding him, and putting him in jeopardy of his life. Petitioners pray for a writ of subpoena for Lawthrop and the rest to appear before the King's Court at Westminster. (Star Chamber Proceedings, Henry VIII, vol. 9, no. 61.) Answer [undated] of John Lowthorp to the petition of James Carter and the others sets forth that the matter of the petitioners is determinable within the Court of the Provost of Beverley, within his lordship of South Dalton, as the land specified is a parcel of the manor of South Dalton. Said Lowthorp denies that he is guilty of any riot or any other misdemeanor. Further, if he had committed any such riot or misdemeanor, the King, by authority of Parliament, has pardoned to all his subjects all riots and misdemeanors committed before 3 November last, before which time the riot is said to have taken place. He prays that the petition be dismissed with costs. (Ib., Henry VIII, vol. 9, no. 62.) | Lowthroppe, John (I1206)
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| 1663 | Rosie Bevan, 29 Mar 2015, post to SGM: I can offer a few more details into the disputed inheritance and Geoffrey's ancestry. In 1346-48 Henry of Pytchley, a monk at Peterborough, compiled a register of the abbey holdings from which there is an account of the disputed inheritance. The following is a précis. Geoffrey de la Mare married three wives. From the first he had two sons, Geoffrey and Brian, and two daughters, Joan and Mabel. His second wife had a daughter named Maud, afterwards wife of Hugh de Cressy. However, because it was said that his son, Geoffrey, had previously had a pre contract with his second wife and had known her carnally, Geoffrey senior procured a divorce through the archdeacon of Essex. Afterwards Geoffrey junior and Brian died during the lifetime of their father. He married a third time, Cecily, who bore him another son named Geoffrey, posthumously. In 1345 the daughters and their husbands brought a suit for the de la Mare inheritance claiming that there could not have been a divorce because the second wife was mad so she could not authorise a deed of proxy, therefore Geoffrey was illegitimate. In the fine that ensued Hugh de Cressy and Maud recognised that Maxey and other tenements were the right of Geoffrey and quitclaimed their interest in them to him for 200 pounds. [W. T. Mellows, ed., Henry of Pytchley's Book of Fees (Northamptonshire Record Society, 1927), p.35-40.] Geoffrey senior's ancestry can be gleaned from a plea in the Court of Common Pleas in the Michaelmas term of 1294 of Geoffrey de la Mare against the abbot of Peterborough claiming his right to the office of constable as held by his predecessors. Geoffrey gave the following descent from his great grandfather Brian de la Mare, from whom it descended to Geoffrey as his son and heir. From Geoffrey it descended to Brian his son and heir. Brian died without issue and it descended to Peter his brother and heir. Peter died without issue so it descended to his brother and heir Ralph. Ralph died without issue so it descended to Geoffrey his brother and heir. Geoffrey died without issue so it descended to Peter his brother and heir (evidently there were two brothers named Peter in the family). From Peter it descended to his son and heir Geoffrey, the plaintiff. In the ensuing quitclaim of 1296 Geoffrey describes himself as "Galfridus de la Mare miles filius domini Petri de la Mare in Makeseye" confirming this paternity. [Sandra Raban, ed., The White Book of Peterborough (Northamptonshire Record Society, 2001), pp.1-2.] | de la Mare, Geoffrey (I12033)
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| 1664 | Santa Maria Times, 20 Apr 1889: Death of Grandma Thorne. A few weeks since in company with her daughter and son in law, Mr and Mrs Samuel Conner, Grandma Thorne left this city for Central City, Nebraska; her intended future home. Five days after her arrival, it is said that she placed her head in her hands and passed peacefully away. Grandma was 92 years old and the trip was too great for such an aged body. Had she remained in California it is quite probable that she would have lived to the great age of 100 years. Mrs Thorne was the mother of Mrs Curtis of Santa Maria. She was born in Vermont in 1797. At the age of 20 years she was married to Harry Nicholson and shortly afterward moved to Pennsylvania, where they lived for many years, rearing a family of five children. While there Mr Nicholson died and a few years later she married Richard Thorne and shortly (about 1880) she removed to California. where she resided until a few weeks since and where she was a second time left a widow. | Martindale, Mercy (I312)
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| 1665 | St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 1 Jan 2001: SCHMITZ, ALBERT J., fortified with the Sacraments of Holy Mother Church, on Friday, December 29, 2000; loving husband of the late Frances S. Schmitz (nee Newton); loving father of Stephen (Sarasue) Schmitz, Mark (Virginia) Schmitz and Barbara (Michael) Downing; loving grandfather of Tommy, Benjamin, Mark, Elizabeth, Allison Schmitz and Molly and Maureen Downing; dear brother-in-law, uncle, cousin and friend to many. Mr. Schmitz is preceded in death by 4 brothers and 5 sisters. The Stygar Family of Funeral Service is caring for the Schmitz family. Funeral Wednesday, January 3, 2001, 9:15 a.m. from STYGAR MID RIVERS Funeral Home, 5987 Mid Rivers Mall Drive (St. Charles, MO) to St. Sebastian Catholic Church (Dellwood) for a 10 a.m. Mass. Interment Sacred Heart Cemetery, Florissant, MO. Memorials to the Children's Home Society of Missouri preferred. Visitation Tuesday, January 2, 5-9 p.m. | Schmitz, Albert Joseph (I26502)
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| 1666 | Steven M. Lawson: In 1649, as the "widow Marshfield," she resided at Springfield, MA, being previously from Windsor, CT, and having three children -- including one married daughter. She was accused of being a witch, and brought court action against Mary Parsons for making a false accusation. Mary was sentenced to be whipped, and to pay £3 to Goody Marshfield "or and towards the reparation of her good name." —— The "Mary Parsons" mentioned above was the wife of Hugh Parsons. | Mercy (I230)
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| 1667 | Stewart Baldwin, at The Henry Project, states that "The parentage of Ida remains unknown": While it had been known for some time that the mother of William was a "countess" Ida, her identity was only recently proven. As one of two known contemporary English countesses named Ida, the wife of Roger Bigod had already been a prime candidate [see Paul C. Reed, "Countess Ida, mother of William Longespée, illegitimate son of Henry II", TAG 77 (2002), which was going to press just as the crucial discovery was made]. Convincing proof of her identity as the wife of Roger Bigod was only recently discovered by Raymond W. Phair, who announced his discovery in the soc.genealogy.medieval newsgroup on 3 July 2002, and then published it in The American Genealogist [Raymond W. Phair, "William Longespée, Ralph Bigod, and Countess Ida", TAG 77 (2002), 279-81], citing a list of prisoners after the Battle of Bouvines in 1214, in which Ralph Bigod was called a brother of the earl of Salisbury. The parentage of Ida remains unknown, but see Reed (2002) for the possibility that she might have been a daughter of Roger de Toeni and Ida of Hainault. Douglas Richardson's Royal Ancestry (2013) gives Ida de Tony as a daughter of Ralph de Tony and Margaret of Leicester. Richardson set forth his arguments for this in a 2008 post to soc.genealogy.medieval, reproduced below: From: Douglas Richardson Subject: Ida de Tony, wife of Roger le Bigod, Earl of Norfolk, and mother of William Longespee, Earl of Salisbury Date: Wed, 3 Dec 2008 06:32:55 -0800 (PST) [...] For conclusive evidence that Ida, wife of Earl Roger le Bigod, was a member of the Tony family, see Morris, The Bigod Earls of Norfolk in the 13th Century (2005): 2, who cites a royal inquest dated 1275, in which the jurors affirmed that Earl Roger le Bigod had received the manors of Acle, Halvergate, and South Walsham, Norfolk from King Henry II, in marriage with his wife, Ida de Tony (citing Rotuli Hundredorum 1 (1812): 504, 537). Morris shows that Earl Roger le Bigod received these manors by writ of the king, he having held them for three quarters of a year at Michaelmas 1182 (citing PR 28 Henry II, 1181-1182 (Pipe Roll Soc.) (1910):64). This appears to pinpoint to marriage of Ida de Tony and Earl Roger le Bigod as having occurred about Christmas 1181. For evidence that Ida de Tony was the mother of William Longespee, Earl of Salisbury (illegitimate son of King Henry II of England), see London, Cartulary of Bradenstoke Priory (Wiltshire Rec. Soc. 35) (1979): 143, 188, which includes two charters in which Earl William Longespee specifically names his mother as Countess Ida. Furthermore, among the prisoners captured at the Battle of Bouvines in 1214 was a certain Ralph [le] Bigod, who a contemporary French record names as "brother" [i.e., half-brother] to William Longespée, Earl of Salisbury [see Brial, Monumens de Règnes des Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 1 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 17) (1878): 101 (Guillelmus Armoricus: "Isti sunt Prisiones (capti in bello Bovinensi)...Radulphus Bigot, frater Comitis Saresburiensis"); see also Malo, Un grand feudataire, Renaud de Dammartin et la coalition de Bouvines (1898):199, 209]. As for Countess Ida's parentage, it seems virtually certain that she was a daughter of Ralph V de Tony (died 1162), of Flamstead, Hertfordshire, by his wife, Margaret (b. c.1125, living 1185), daughter of Robert de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Leicester [see C.P.7 (1929): 530, footnote e (incorrectly dates Ralph and Margaret's marriage as "after 1155" based on the misdating of a charter --correction provided by Ray Phair); C.P. 12(1) (1953): 764 - 765 (sub Tony); Power, The Norman Frontier in the Twelfth and Early Thirteenth Centuries (2004): 525 (Tosny pedigree)]. For evidence which supports Ida's placement as a child of Ralph V de Tony, several facts may be noted. First, Countess Ida and her husband, Roger le Bigod, are known to have named children, Ralph and Margaret, presumably in honor of Ida's parents, Ralph and Margaret de Tony [see Thompson, Liber Vitae Ecclesiae Dunelmenis (Surtees Soc. 136) (1923): fo.63b, for a contemporary list of the Bigod children]. Countess Ida was herself evidently named in honor of Ralph V de Tony's mother, Ida of Hainault. Next, William Longespee and his descendants had a long standing association with the family of Roger de Akeny, of Garsington, Oxfordshire, which Roger was a younger brother of Ralph V de Tony (died 1162) [see C.P. 8 (1932): chart foll. 464; 14 (1998): 614; Loyd, Origins of Some Anglo-Norman Fams. (1951): 2; VCH Oxford 5 (1957): 138; Harper-Bill, Dodnash Priory Charters (Suffolk Rec. Soc. 16) (1998): 34 - 37, 39 - 40, 72 - 73; Fam. Hist. 18 (1995 - 97): 47 - 64; 19 (1998): 125 - 129]. Lastly, Roger le Bigod and his step-son William Longespée both had associations with William the Lion, King of Scots, which connection can be readily explained by virtue of King William's wife, Ermengarde, being sister to Constance de Beaumont, wife of Countess Ida's presumed brother, Roger VI de Tony [see C.P. 12(1) (1953): 760 - 769 (sub Tony)]. William the Lion was likewise near related to both of Countess Ida's presumed parents, her father by a shared descent from Countess Judith, niece of William the Conqueror, and her mother by a shared descent from Isabel de Vermandois, Countess of Surrey. Roger le Bigod and William Longespee were both present with other English relations of William the Lion at an important gathering at Lincoln in 1200, when William the Lion paid homage to King John of England [see Stubbs, Chronica Magistri Rogeri de Houedene 4 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1871): 141 - 142]. Thus, naming patterns, familial and political associations give strong evidence that Ida, wife of Earl Roger le Bigod, was a daughter of Ralph V de Tony. A later post from Richardson in the same thread: From: Douglas Richardson Subject: Re: Ida de Tony, wife of Roger le Bigod, Earl of Norfolk, and mother of William Longespee, Earl of Salisbury Date: Mon, 8 Dec 2008 11:28:47 -0800 (PST) Morris says that Ida de Tony was a ward of the king when the king married her to Roger le Bigod. That presumably means she was not yet 21 at her marriage, which occurred at Christmas 1181. If so, she would have to have been born no earlier than 1160. Also, to be a ward of the king, your father would have been a tenant in chief of the king who left a minor heir in custody. The only requisite Tony male in this time period that would appear to fit that description would be Sir Ralph de Tony (husband of Margaret de Beaumont), who died in 1162, leaving a minor son, Roger. An estimate for a birth of Sir Ralph de Tony is hard to determine, but he was conceivable born as early as 1130, and probably no later than 1135. We know his parents were married in the reign of King Henry I who died in 1135. As for the chronology of other parts of the Tony family. Sir Ralph de Tony's sister, Godeheut de Tony, wife of William de Mohun, had a grandson and heir, Reynold de Mohun, born about 1185. So Godeheut de Tony was born say 1135, give or take. Sir Ralph de Tony's younger brother, Sir Roger de Tony, had his son and heir, Baldwin, born about 1170. So Sir Roger was born say 1140, give or take. In any case, the fact that Ida de Tony was a ward at the time of her marriage would seem to clearly indicate her parentage. An email from Todd A. Farmerie to Marianne Dillow, reproduced in the same thread as Richardson's two posts above (the archives of the thread are somewhat jumbled, making it hard to tell the exact order of posts). It summarizes Farmerie's reservations about Richardson's identification of Ida de Tony's parents. In the scheme that Farmerie considers equally probable, Ida's parents would be Ralph de Tony's father Roger de Tony and Roger's wife Ida de Hainault: I think you already had others point you to the group archives. Let me just say that this is not about confidence in an individual's work. It is a legitimate difference of opinion, two people, each equally qualified, using the same data, and reaching different conclusions. I didn't want to get into another round of argument in the group, as it has been argued several times before. Briefly, though, everything that has been said about her being child of Ralph would also apply to her being sister of Ralph. All of the names, all of the associations, etc. Whether she was daughter or sister comes down to how old you think she is, and we have no evidence. Thus, virtual certainty is a bit of an exaggeration. That she was of this immediate family is pretty safe, but which generation, there is room for doubt. Let me also say this, and I just offer it at face value. This is not the first 'near certainty' that has been proclaimed with regard to her parentage. For years it was argued that it was almost certain she was a completely different person. Then a new piece of evidence comes out and we have seamlessly switched to a different near certainty. Basically, when someone says that something is a virtual certainty, they are doing it either because they think it is absolutely certain, and are simply recognizing that all history has a minute chance of revision, or alternatively, because they know it isn't certain, but they have convinced themselves that it is the right answer and are trying to make it sound better than it really is. This is not a 99.99% certainty, it is a 75% likelihood, coupled with a strong gut feeling and some gilding of the lily. That, at least, is my view. I guess my real point is, don't take anything at face value. Mr. Richardson has made some insightful hypotheses. As far as I know, he was the first to guess that Ida, wife of Roger de Toeny was identical to Ida, mother of William Longespee. He had no evidence for it - it was just a strong gut instinct that led him to the right answer when proof was found a decade later. He has also reached some conclusions that are nothing but wishful thinking (such as his first 'certain' ancestry of Ida, which we now know is completely false). Both were expressed with equal certainty. Mr. Richardson is not unique in this. The same is true of others here, myself included. Don't just accept what anyone says. Look at all of the different opinions and ignore who is saying what, just take what seems the best solution from it, no matter who offers it. Even if only one person has suggested a connection, look at the evidence and try out some other possibilities and see if they will fit as well. No one is right all the time - everyone has their biases, and to be good at this, it is important to move beyond the individual opinions and reach your own conclusions from the original data. (Sorry to preach.) Finally, a post from the same thread setting forth a chronological argument for Richardson's position, and giving a reasonable guess as to her year of birth: From: mississippienne@gmail.com Subject: Re: Ida de Tony, wife of Roger le Bigod, Earl of Norfolk, and mother of William Longespée, Earl of Salisbury Date: Mon, 8 Dec 2008 10:54:13 -0800 (PST) [...] Girls as young as 12 were considered marriageable during this time period, and since we have no firm dates for either Ida's birth or that of her son William, she might've been as young as 15 or as old as her twenties by the time she gave birth to him. Unless someone happens upon a charter in which William de Longspee helpfully provides his exact date of birth and that of his mother, we will probably never know for sure. All we know is that she went onto have at least eight children with Roger Bigod; assuming no twins, Ida was bearing children at least until about 1190. As M. Sjostrom points out, it's stretching the chronology to the breaking point to get Ida de Tony to be the daughter of Ida of Hainault. I think a reasonable time for Ida de Tony would be a birth c. 1160, her son William born 1175-1180, marriage to Roger Bigod in 1181, at which point she was bearing his children until the early 1190s or thereabouts, when she would've been in her thirties. | de Tony, Ida (I683)
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| 1668 | The following is a transcript of a paper written by genealogical researcher and 5th great grandaughter of Frances Jane Coomes, Rita Mackin Fox: While conducting research on the life of Kentucky pioneer Frances (a.k.a. Jane) Coomes (a.k.a. Combs, Coombs, Coombes)--Kentucky's first teacher, among other achievements--the status of women in American history became very clear. I experienced firsthand the frustration of trying to discover the story of one Kentucky pioneer who had the misfortune of being born a second-class citizen--a woman. For Frances and other women in American history, very few historical documents exist to tell us what their lives were like. When a woman's accomplishments were deemed noteworthy enough to be included in a civil document or historical record, she usually was referred to in connection with her husband's name because, upon marriage, almost all women in colonial and Federal America were viewed as being one legal entity with their husbands. While Frances Coomes had many historical accomplishments in her own right, she is referred to in most state history books only as Mrs. William Coomes. Her maiden name is unknown. Some researchers believe her to be a Lancaster, others a Greenleaf or Greenwell, and yet others a Mills. But I have yet to see any solid proof for any of these surnames. I hope one day to find her marriage record--which is probably in Maryland or Virginia--but I know many other Coomes researchers have already tried and failed to turn up such evidence. Kentucky historians and Coomes researchers can't even agree on her given name--Frances or Jane. There was a plaque erected in her honor during the 1930s at Fort Harrod State Park in Harrodsburg (also referred to in this paper as Harrod's Town, its original name), Ky., which referred to her as Jane. Several deeds in Nelson County, Kentucky, the first of which was dated 10 March 1789, refer to her as Frances. To illustrate the confusion, at Frankfort's Department of Libraries and Archives, there are two biographical sketches on her in the vertical files--one under Jane, the other Frances. The "Jane" file lists her achievement as being Kentucky's first schoolteacher. The "Frances" file describes her role as Kentucky's first woman physician. Both mention her being the first Anglo in Kentucky--woman or man--to manufacture salt. Because she is called Frances in the only primary documents I have found, I will use that name, unless citing a source that names her otherwise. With that established, let me share what I have learned of my ancestor, Frances Coomes, my maternal fifth-great-grandmother. In the process, I hope to give my reader a glimpse of the life of a pioneer woman on the Kentucky frontier. Frances makes her marks on Kentucky history Frances's husband William is credited, along with Dr. George Hart, an Irishman and physician, as being one of the first Catholics in Kentucky. Of course, they actually were the first Catholic males, as the entire Coomes family emigrated at the same time. Along with Frances, their nine children are overlooked as being among the first Catholics in Kentucky. All of their children were born before the family emigrated to Kentucky circa 1775-76. Like so many other questions yet to be answered, the exact date of Frances and William's arrival at Harrod's Town is in dispute. Martin Spalding and others give 1775 as the year. However, Frances's arrival is not included in the following passage from Allen's History of Kentucky: "In September 1775, three more ladies arrived in Kentucky, and, with them their husbands and children settled in Harrodsburg, to wit: Mrs. Denton, Mrs. McGary, and Mrs. Hogan." The Fort Harrod entry in the Kentucky Encyclopedia reads: "Among the pioneers who arrived in 1776 were Jane Coomes, who started a school and taught for the next nine years...." But all sources agree that the Coomes family was in Kentucky by 1776, the year Kentucky County, Virginia, was created by the Virginia Assembly. Harrod's Town served as the county seat. Frances began to make her place in Kentucky history soon after entering the region. Spalding, writing in 1844, cites information provided by Frances's son, Walter A. Coomes, who said he was about 16 years old when he arrived at Harrod's Town. Spalding reports that William Coomes was born in Charles Co., Md., and later moved to the south branch of the Potomac River in Virginia. (It is not yet known if they were married in Maryland or Virginia.) The Coomes family emigrated from Virginia to what is now Kentucky together with Abraham and Isaac Hite. Spalding shares this glimpse of Frances's first historically noteworthy activity: "On their way through Kentucky to Harrod's Station, the party encamped for seven weeks at Drilling's (sic) Lick, in the neighbourhood of the present city of Frankfort. Here Mrs. Coomes, aided by those of the party who were not engaged in hunting, employed herself in making salt--for the first time, perhaps, that this article was manufactured in our State." George Morgan Chinn describes the salt-making event as follows (although her being Irish is not yet proven): "While the party was camped near Drennon's Lick, Mrs. Coomes, a resourceful Irish Catholic...collected a few kettles and directed the boiling of salt water from the spring. The Indians had long used this method for obtaining salt, but for the early settlers it was hardly a practical solution. Even if heavy and precious iron kettles large enough for the project could be obtained, it took from 800 to 1000 gallons of the salty spring water and days of feeding the hot fires under the boiling kettles to produce one bushel of salt--comparable in value to 20 British shillings, a good cow and calf, or 1000 pounds of tobacco." Needless to say, Frances was an invaluable person to have along on the Wilderness Trail from Virginia, through the Cumberland Gap, and into Kentucky. She proved even more valuable once she arrived at Harrod's Town. According to one biographical file in the Library Extension Division, she is credited as being the first woman physician in Kentucky. The sketch reads: "There she practiced medicine and surgery, and she was in wide demand on the frontier as an obstetrician....From Maryland she had brought her meager supply of medicines. These she supplemented by making her own from herbs. She dispensed calomel, her principal drug, sparingly. As a substitute, she boiled an extract of white walnut until it became a sirupy (sic) mass, and then made pills of it." This biography, which cites Dr. John A. Ouchterlony's Pioneer Medical Men and Times of Kentucky as its source, also describes two examples of Frances's healing practices. She successfully treated a case of clubfoot in one of her grandchildren, who had been born with her or his toes touching the shin bones. Frances bandaged the deformed feet daily until they were normal. Another treatment is described in greater detail: "... that of a man who came to her from Virginia for treatment of an ulcer. She informed him the treatment would be severe, but he consented. She provided an operating table of hewn timber, constructed to enable the patient to be strapped down. She used clay to fashion a dam around the diseased tissues and then applied a powerful escharotic (sic) by pouring hot boiling lard over the affect[ed] surface. It was a crude procedure, but the principle was sound. And the patient was cured." Dr. Ouchterlony is quoted as writing that Frances "certainly was the first female who ever practiced medicine in Kentucky, and according to some was the first of either sex to exercise the beneficent functions of the healing art in our State." The sketch stated (though it did not attribute the statement to Ouchterlony) that "it is assumed she may have practiced medicine before her neighbor, Dr. Hart, had an opportunity to do so, although it is believed that she had the benefit of his instruction and perhaps the use of whatever medical library he possessed." At Harrod's Town, the Coomes family lived outside the fort, but used the fort for protection during sieges and attacks by Indians, which continued long after the Coomes family moved on to Nelson County. The first of the attacks began in March 1777, when the fort came under continuous attack by Indians. Several Kentucky histories, including Spalding's, recount the narrow escape of William Coomes in an attack outside the fort in which one of his Harrod's Town companions was killed. Frances occupied part of her time in Harrod's Town as a teacher and is credited with being Kentucky's first educator. "Mrs. Coomes, at the urgent request of the citizens, opened a school for the education of children." The need was great, according to a fall 1777 census of the fort that shows nearly one-third of Fort Harrod's population was under the age of ten--58 white and seven black children. (It is not known if the black children, possibly slaves, were provided instruction.) Present-day Kentucky historian Thomas D. Clark described Mrs. Coomes' school as "nothing more than a dame school without significant implications of the English system of education. Her youngsters of Fort Harrod were taught to read and write from paddles with the alphabet inscribed upon them and from the Bible texts." The Library Extension Service biographical sketch quotes a Lexington Herald story about the school as follows: "Her texts were the New Testament and crude wooden paddles, which took the place of horn books of Queen Elizabeth's time, on which the letters of the alphabet and figures were printed. It was a blab school where all studied aloud, their swaying bodies keeping time to the tune of their A B Cs. A dunce stool stood in a corner; a rod for chastising the negligent nearby. The seats were made of puncheons or logs cut lengthwise, set up on peg legs, there were no backs. That little school room was built of round logs with no chinking between them. It had a dirt floor, only one window, covered with a doe-skin instead of glass, and a slab door hung on deer throngs." Kathryn Harrod Mason describes horn books as "a paddlelike affair made of clapboard and a piece of horn, which was steamed and flattened to provide a smooth writing surface." Mason adds the following anecdote: "Mrs. Coomes called the children with a brass bell that had once hung around the neck of a cow she had brought across the Wilderness Road." While Frances left no diary behind, we can get a glimpse of her daily life in this description of the typical pioneer woman in Kentucky: "Woman was something more than man's helpmate on the frontier ... 'it is not known whether the man or woman be the most necessary.' ... She was both mistress and servant, matron and nursery maid, housekeeper and charwoman, dairy-maid and cook....Custom and necessity united to lay upon her the duty of providing for every household need that the rude agriculture of the period did not supply, and in all the multifarious activities which engaged her skill and energy, she labored unaided by labor-saving machinery. And so she milked the cows in all weather, while sturdy men and boys watched an operation too effeminate to enlist their service; churned the butter and pressed the cheese; carried the tube to the spring and caught rain-water for the weekly 'washing' from the eaves in troughs and barrels; made her own soft-soap; washed, picked, carded and dyed the wool; pulled, broke, hatcheled and bleached the hemp; spun the thread; and wove the cloth; contrived and made the garments; reared her children; nursed the sick, sympathized with the distressed and encouraged the disheartened laborer at her side. In all this, and above it all, woman was the tutelar saint of the frontier." Frances in later years Spalding reports that Frances and William remained at Harrod's Town for nine years. By 1783, William had obtained a grant for 1,000 acres in Jefferson County on the Cox's and Stewart's creek watercourses. This land helped form Nelson County in 1784. William was deeded this land in December 1784. He became a prominent Catholic landowner in this area and is mentioned often in deeds, court records, and the marriage bonds of his daughters and sons. Frances seems to have slipped into obscurity, only mentioned by given name in a few deeds between 1789 and 1813 and identified as William's wife. The Coomes family Bible gives the date Frances died as 25 April 1816. William passed away on 6 Nov 1824. No will was probated nor is there a record of their estate being settled in Nelson County. Several of their children had moved on to Daviess and other counties, so it is possible they did not die in Nelson County. But they might not have had any property left to be divided. In 1813, William and Frances divided 1,646 acres of their land among eight of their nine children, excluding only Nancy Ann. While this paper has to come to an end, my search for Frances's story goes on. Primary records, particularly marriage, deed and will records may hold many clues, if only I can find them. Perhaps I'll even find mention of her in the diaries and records of her neighbors. But I already am quite proud of all Frances managed to accomplish--not the least of which is the feat of getting her name mentioned in any record in our state's male-authored history books. | Frances Jane (I6678)
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| 1669 | The mysterious Theophilus Whale[y]: From The Genealogical Dictionary of First Settlers of New England by James Savage, volume IV: Theophilus Whale, Kingston, R. I., came from Virginia with wife Elizabeth about 1676, had Joan, Ann, Theodosia, Elizabeth, Martha, Lydia, and Samuel; but it is thought that if not more, the eldest two were born in Virginia. Great uncertainty attaches to almost everything he said or did, as is found often in regard to those who emigrated from a distant country and lived to great age. Potter says he knew Hebrew, Greek, etc. and died about 1719/20, aged about 104. It would have been strange if more than one myth had not sprung out of his grave. My first exercise of caution would be to examine the means of reducing his years by 20 or near, for his only son, it is said, died about 1782, and it is quite improbable that when he was born the father was much beyond 70. Beside that his wife died 8 or 10 yrs. before her husband. Dr. Stiles in the exuberance of his conjecture that was requisite to sustain his credulity supposes he may have been one of the regicides. But we know the names of all who acted in that tragedy, as well as of those who were nominated and declined to act or withdrew as did several after participating some hours in the mockery of trial before its end, among all of whom is not that of Theophilus Whale. Some of those misguided men would have resorted to any other part of the world, sooner than Virginia. Samuel Whale, only son of Theophilus, had two wives, first a Hopkins, then a Harrington, as Potter reports; and that his children were seven: Thomas, Samuel, Theophilus, James or Jeremy, John and two daughters, and that he died about 1782. From Barnum Family Genealogy, 1350 to the Present, a little more willing to credit various legends and suppositions: Theophilus Whalley/Whaley came to Rhode Island from Rappahannock County, Virginia, where he sold his plantation in 1665. He was university-educated and born of wealthy parents, waited upon hand and foot by servants until the age of 18, by his own reported testimony. He was in Virginia before he was 21, and served there as a military officer. He returned to England to serve in the Parliamentary army under Oliver Cromwell, who may have been a close relative. If his real identity has been deduced correctly (see below), his regiment took part in the execution of Charles I in 1649, and its commander, an officer named Hacker, was later executed. Some sources suggest that Theophilus was actually Robert Whalley--brother of Edward Whalley, one of the two regicide judges who fled England and were concealed for some time in--among other places--Hadley, Massachusetts. If this is true, "Theophilus" was an assumed name, designed to cover his past after the ascension of Charles II to the throne in 1660. About that time, "Theophilus" returned to VA and bought land there, where he married Elizabeth Mills (1645-1715) and where two or three of their children were born. Sometime between 1665 and 1680 he came to Rhode Island, settling at the head of Pettaquamscutt Pond in Narragansett. He never spoke of his past while living in Rhode Island and made his living there by fishing, weaving, and teaching (he knew Greek, Latin and Hebrew). He seems to have avoided public notice and public office, though he sometimes penned deeds and other legal documents for less literate neighbors. Mysterious visits to his home by distinguished men from Boston and elsewhere enriched the humble life he had chosen to lead. During Queen Anne's War, a warship dropped anchor in Narragansett Bay and its captain, a kinsman of Theophilus Whaley bearing the same surname, sent a boat to Whaley's landing to invite him aboard for dinner. Whaley at first accepted, but changed his mind and did not go, explaining to a friend afterward that he feared a trap had been laid to take him back to England. This story seemed to confirm the suspicions of his contemporaries that he was himself one of the regicide judges--a suspicion that inexplicably persisted long after the movements of fugitive judges Goffe and Edward Whalley had become well known. He was on the tax rolls of Kingstown in 1687 and on 6 September of that year he was taxed 35s 11d. He acquired 120 acres at East Greenwich on 30 Jan 1710, conveyed to him from the proprietors of the tract of land now comprising West Greenwich. On 20 Feb 1711 he and his wife Elizabeth deeded to their only son Samuel for love, etc., that same 120 acres. He moved, in the latter part of his life, to the house of his son-in-law Joseph Hawkins.He was buried with military honors near the home of that son-in-law in West Greenwich. Theophilus Whaley's children were Joan, Ann, Theodosia, Elizabeth, Martha (b. 1680), Lydia, and Samuel. Only Martha's birth date is known for certain, but all the children were born after his return to Virginia about 1660. From the site of the Jamestowne Society: Oct 17, 2012 NOTE: In years past, Mr. Whalley was accepted as a Qualifying Ancestor for the Jamestowne Society. However, evidence of his residency/service does not meet current standards of proof. Therefore, ancestry from Mr. Whalley is no longer sufficient for membership in the Society. The story here of the early years (before 1680) of Theophilus Whaley (Whalley, Whale), who died around 1720, is based to a large extent on information gathered by Reverend Ezra Stiles, later president of Yale College, in interviews with persons who had known him in their youth. This narrative was included in a volume listed below published in 1794. A particular cause of this inquiry was the fact that one of the judges or regicides who condemned King Charles I was named Edward Whalley, and the possibility that Edward and Theophilus might be the same person fueled much speculation. The assembled recollections gathered indicated that Theophilus Whalley had been born in England to a wealthy family in 1616, received a university education, arrived in Virginia before 1637 and served as an officer in the Indian Wars, returned to England during the Civil War and was an officer in the Parliamentary Army in a regiment that was present at the execution of Charles I. (A book entitled The Army List of the Roundheads and Cavaliers, 1642, published in 1863 lists a Theophilus Willey as an ensign in the regiment of Sir William Fairfax of the Parliamentary Army.) At the time of the Restoration he returned to Virginia, married Elizabeth Mills and had children, and around February 1680 left Virginia and subsequently settled for the rest of his life in the Narragansett area of Rhode Island. His stated reason for this move was the pressure of religious differences as he was a Baptist in an Anglican colony. Notations in the records of Old Rappahannock County relevant to the search for Whaley's Virginia years include (1) the will of John Mills in 1665 bequeathing a cow to his daughter Elizabeth; (2) a March 30, 1674 sale by Theophilus and Elizabeth Whale of a parcel of land that they had been granted by Governor Berkeley; and (3) a September 1674 grant by Governor Berkeley to Theophilus Whale and another person of 400 acres of land, which was then sold January 2, 1675. The will of Richard Clark in January 1677 made Theophilus Whale his executor, gave Whale his "woodland ground" and gave his goddaughter, Elizabeth Whale, a cow calf. Further, Whale was involved in two land transfers in January 1680, and finally in the following month he conveyed to Robert Beverley all of his land in Rappahannock County including the place where he had been living, and appointed an attorney to confirm the same, signing the action "Theophilus Wealle". After arriving in Rhode Island in 1680, the records show in 1710 a grant of 120 acres of land in East Greenwich, Rhode Island, where Whale died and was buried shortly before 1720. With regard to his possibly being the regicide Edward Whalley, that issue appeared to have been put to rest at the time of the American Revolution when Thomas Hutchinson, the last royal governor, stated that Edward Whalley had died and was buried in Hadley, Massachusetts. References: "Theophilus Whaley of Virginia and Rhode Island", by G. Andrews Moriarty; Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol 66, pages 76-79. History of Three of the Judges of Charles I, Major General Whaley, Major General Goffe, and Colonel Dixwell and with an account of Mr. Theophilus Whaley of Narragansett by Reverend Ezra Stiles, 1794. | Whaley, Theophilus (I9306)
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| 1670 | The text below is from the Combs-Coombs &c. site, which is in general an exemplary work of cooperative genealogy. Nothing is known of Richard Coombs' ancestry, and very little about his early years. According to Maryland transport records, he was transported in 1676 by one Edward COOKE, Mariner (Lib 15, fol. 383) It remains unknown to whom Richard was actually indentured in Maryland (assuming he was indentured). According to both Kelly's "Hamilton Family," page 14, and Sr. Mary Donnelly's "Imprints," Richard married an Anne SHIRCLIFFE, but the source for this statement remains unknown. Richard was born ca 1653/4 according to depositions he gave in Charles county in the early 1700s (see that county) and died before 1747 (Land Liber Z-2, p. 160). He has yet to be found in any records with any other Combs other than his own descendants, even though his descendants are found owning land originally owned by Phillip Combes of Charles County (by 1656), and associating with the same families as the Combes of St. Mary's County (descendants of Abraham Combes and Enoch Combes). In 1703, twenty-seven years after his arrival in Maryland, Richard purchased 200 acres of Green's Inheritance from Robert and Mary GREEN (Land Lib Z-1, fol. 70). He also acquired the tract "Addition" from William GREEN (as repayment of a debt?), and purchased part of the tract, "Christian Temple Manor." Richard's children, none of whom are proven other than William who inherited his land, are believed to be: William, b ca 1700, d. Sept. 1783, Charles County, Maryland, m. Winifred ENSEY (d/o John and Winnefred) Richard, Jr., d. Jan. 1752, Frederick County, Maryland Thomas, d. Jan. 1753, Charles County, Maryland, m. Elizabeth WHARTON Jane Sarah Leonard Eleanor, died Frederick County, Maryland, married (1) Dennis DOHENY, and (2) John CLEMENT | Coomes, Richard (I10630)
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| 1671 | Todd A. Farmerie, 26 Apr 2016, post to soc.genealogy.medieval: I would suggest for Iberia that the cutoff for the most stringent level of evidence with every generation solidly documented would be at Ramiro I in Asturias; Gonzalo, father of Count Fernan Gonzalez in Castile; Garcia, father of Sancho I in Pamplona; Galindo, father of Count Aznar I in Aragon; Lope, father of Raymond I of Ribagorza and Pallars; and Sunifred, father of Wifred I in Catalonia. | Iñiguez, Garcia I King of Pamplona (I1178)
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| 1672 | Todd A. Farmerie, 26 Apr 2016, post to soc.genealogy.medieval: I would suggest for Iberia that the cutoff for the most stringent level of evidence with every generation solidly documented would be at Ramiro I in Asturias; Gonzalo, father of Count Fernan Gonzalez in Castile; Garcia, father of Sancho I in Pamplona; Galindo, father of Count Aznar I in Aragon; Lope, father of Raymond I of Ribagorza and Pallars; and Sunifred, father of Wifred I in Catalonia. | Galindo (I3140)
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| 1673 | Todd A. Farmerie, 26 Apr 2016, post to soc.genealogy.medieval: I would suggest for Iberia that the cutoff for the most stringent level of evidence with every generation solidly documented would be at Ramiro I in Asturias; Gonzalo, father of Count Fernan Gonzalez in Castile; Garcia, father of Sancho I in Pamplona; Galindo, father of Count Aznar I in Aragon; Lope, father of Raymond I of Ribagorza and Pallars; and Sunifred, father of Wifred I in Catalonia. | Ramiro I King of Asturius (I9740)
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| 1674 | Todd A. Farmerie, 9 Jun 2002, post to SGM: Eustachie was suggested by Charles Evans to be illegitimate daughter of Eustace, son of King Stephen. This conclusion was based on onomastics and kinship. Eustachie is specifically stated to have been a kinswoman of King Henry II, and is found in several modern sources as Eustachie of Champagne. Eustachie being the female form of Eustace, Evans argued that the only time that Eustace/Eustachie was associated with Champagne was following the marriage of King Stephen to Matilda of Boulogne, daughter of Eustace III of Boulogne. He then chose Eustace, Stephen's son (and Henry II's second cousin) to be father of Eustachie. (It is unclear why Eustace was preferable to Evans over his brother William.) That, anyway, is Evans' suggestion. The problem with this is that I have traced back her being called Eustachie "of Champagne", and cannot find anything contemporary that calls her this. Where does it come from, then? (One possibility is that this somehow derived from a misunderstanding regarding the nickname of her husband, Anselme "Campdaveine.") If "de Champagne" is non-contemporary, then the primary reason for attaching her to the Champagne/Boulogne family disappears. It is in this context that we can view the suggestion of Kathleen Thompson, (apparently again based on onomastics and kinship), that Eustachie was daughter of William Gouet (III) by his wife Mabel. This would make her, on her father's side, granddaughter of Eustachie, wife of William Gouet (II), explaining her given name, and on her mother's side, granddaughter, through an illegitimate daughter Mabel, of King Henry I, making her (half-) first cousin of King Henry II. Thus this solution accounts for both the kinship and onomastics. The take-home message here is that Evans based his conclusion on scant evidence, at least some of which appears to have been flawed. There is an alternative that explains the existing material at least as well, and doesn't require the invention of an illegitimate child of Eustace IV of Boulogne, otherwise thought to have d.s.p. | Eustachie (I10042)
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| 1675 | Unsourced and unattributed note posted to familysearch.org on 27 Feb 2014: The origin and immigration data for the Richard Hardy of Stamford, CT is unknown. It is believed that he may be the same person as the Richard Hardy who was in Concord, Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1639. There is speculation that his first wife, name unknown, died in Concord after giving birth to twins. Information concerning whether these twins survived cannot be located, but in Family Tree there is an unsourced record, with no parents listed, for a Richard Hardy born in Concord in 1639. Richard Hardy was probably a fairly early settler of Stamford, Fairfield County, Connecticut, and gave name to the low grounds just west of the harbor, which was known as "Hardy's Hole." In 1642 he owned land "adjoining a lot sold to James Swead." In 1645 Richard Hardy sold John Holly, Sr, seven acres of land at Norwaton River with house thereon. Richard Hardy was married to Ann Huested or Husted of Stamford prior to 1650. They were parents of one son and seven daughters In 1662 he was declared a "freeman" of Connecticut. In 1666 he was elected as Selectman, for the community of Stamford and served three years. He also represented Stamford three years in the General Court of Hartford. In March, 1682-1683, he he gave his son Samuel a house and land. In his will, on record at Fairfield, CT, dated 21 July 1683 and probated in November, 1684, he made bequests to his daughters: Mrs. Elizabeth Pearson, Hannah Austin, Susanna Sherman, Sarah Close, Ruth Mead, Mary and Abigail. | Hardy, Richard (I11579)
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| 1676 | Will of John Medley: In the name of God Amen, I JOHN MEDLEY, SR. of St. Mary's County in the province Maryland being in health of body and of sound and perfect mind and memory praise therefore give unto almighty God for the same, do make and ordain this my Last Will and Testament in manner and form following that is to say -- first, and principally I commend my Soul into the hands of almighty hoping through the merits of [illegible] and passion of my Saviour Jesus Christ to have full and [illegible] and forgiveness of all my sins and to inherit Everlasting Life and my body I commit to the Earth to be decently buried at the discretion of my Executors, hereafter named and as touching the disposition of all my [illegible] Temporal Estate as it hath pleased almighty God to bestow upon me I give and dispose thereof as follows 1st First I will that my Just debts and funeral charges shall be paid and discharged -- Item I give and bequeath unto Thomas Greenwell my son in Law, all that parcel of Land whereon he now Lives, during his natural Life, and after his decease, I give and bequeath, the said Land with all its appurtenances unto my grandson, GEORGE GREENWELL, and the male heirs of his body Lawfully begotten from him and for want of such heirs, then to JAMES MEDLEY, Son of JAMES MEDLEY, and his heirs forever Item I give and bequeath unto my son JOHN MEDLEY one shilling sterling in full of his part of my Estate, Item I give and bequeath unto my son GEORGE MEDLEY heirs and the rest of his children, one shilling sterling in full of their part of my Estate -- Item I give and bequeath unto my son WILLIAM MEDLEY one shilling sterling in full of his part of my Estate Item I give and bequeath unto my son THOMAS MEDLEY one Shilling Sterling it being in full of his part of my Estates Item I give and bequeath unto my Son JAMES MEDLEY one shilling sterling it being in full of his part of my Estate. Item I give and bequeath unto the heirs of my daughter MARY one Shilling Sterling it being in full of their part of my Estate, Item I give and bequeath unto my Daughter ANN COLE, one feather bed and that being in full of her part of my Estate Item I give and bequeath unto my Loving wife, Sarah Medley, one third part of all my personal Estate, and all the Rest and Residue of my personal Estate goods Chattles, whatsoever I so give and bequeath unto my three children CLEMENT JANE and HENRIETTA MEDLEY and their heirs forever -- and I do hereby appoint, my Loving wife Sarah Medley and Loving Son CLEMENT MEDLEY my whole and sole Executor and Executrix of this my Last Will and Testament and I do hereby Revoke disallow and declare void all former wills and Testaments by me heretofore made -- In witness whereof I the said JOHN MEDLEY to this my Last Will have hereunto set my hand seal, this second Day of December, one thousand seven hundred and forty three. [Signed in the presence of Thomas Waughop, Enoch Combs, and Cornelius Manning.] | Medley, John (I10462)
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| 1677 | A Genealogical and Historical Record of the Descendants of John Pease says that he "sickened in the midst of making preparations for building, and died 'suddenly,' July 8, 1689. His wife had died just ten days before; his daughter Abigail died one day later, July 9. This many deaths so close together suggests the possibility of a fast-moving infectious disease. | Pease, John (I17363)
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| 1678 | A Genealogical Sketch of the Early Lombards has him as "Thomas Lumbert" and makes him a son of Jedediah and a grandson of Thomas. | Lombard, Thomas (I14017)
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| 1679 | A Genealogy of the Ingersoll Family in America states that he was indeed baptized "aged near fifty." He was driven from Falmouth by the ongoing conflicts with the natives, removed for a time to Charleston, and came to Gloucester soon after 1700, where he worked as a shipwright. | Ingersoll, Samuel (I16068)
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| 1680 | A History of Northumberland, Volume XII, by Madeleine Hope Dodds (1926, citation details below) gives this Robert de Felton as a son of a "John l'Estrange of Litcham, Norfolk". Chris Phillips is dubious: From: "Chris Phillips" Subject: Early Feltons (was: The Grey sisters of Heton) Date: Sun, 23 Jun 2002 10:13:30 +0100 [quoting his own post of 17 June] > The vol. 12 pedigree also shows a father for Robert and William: > "Robert (of Felton), to whom his father granted in 1260/1 half > the manor of Litcham, saving the manor house" [citing Eyton, > Shropshire, vol.x, p.274]. Robert has a sister "Alice, to whom > her father granted half the manor of Litcham and the advowson." > The father of Robert and Alice is shown as "John L'Estrange of > Litcham, Norfolk" [citing the Hunter Blair article, p.76]. A bit more searching shows that this suggestion, that the father of William and Robert de Felton was Robert, son of John Lestrange, is actually rather a bizarre one. The text accompanying the "revision" of the pedigree in the History of Northumberland turns out to be lifted, more or less word-for-word, from the article by Hunter Blair in Archaeologia Aeliana, 3rd series, vol.20. The basis of the claim is: (1) that on heraldic evidence the Feltons of Northumberland were closely connected, "either by blood or by marriage" with the Stranges of Knockin, and that "therefore they took their name from Felton (now West Felton) near that place". (2) John L'Estrange about 1260/1 gave his daughter Alice half his manor of Litcham, Norfolk, with the advowson of the church, and the other half to his son Robert [citing Eyton, vol.10, p.274, a reference I haven't seen]. Hunter Blair continues "It seems to me either that Robert was surnamed of Felton, which appears the more probable, or else that Alice had married a Felton, of which I can find no proof." What makes this bizarre is that, as far as I can see, the John L'Estrange who made a grant to his son Robert and daughter Alice about 1260/1 -- if that date's correct -- must have been John Lestrange III of Knockin (d. bef. 26 March 1269)* [Complete Peerage, vol.12, pt 1, pp.350,351]. [* John Lestrange II was already dead, and the son and heir of John Lestrange IV was not born until around 1254.] John Lestrange III did have a son Robert (d. on or before 12 October 1276) [CP vol.12, pt 1, p.341], but this Robert is well documented as the ancestor of the Lords Strange of Blackmere. He was succeeded first by his son John (d. 1289), then by another son Fulk (b. c.1267). I can't see any indication that Robert called himself "Robert de Felton", or that he had sons called Robert or William. Instead, the Complete Peerage explains the Strange connection by saying that Robert, the presumed elder brother of William de Felton, married Hawise (elsewhere called Maud), a daughter of John Lestrange IV [CP vol.5, p.290]. The later inquisition post mortem of Thomas de Felton (1381) is abstracted by CP as "the only authority for the pedigree", and says that John Lestrange gave the manor of Litcham to Robert de Felton and Maud his wife, and their heirs male (with reversion to the Stranges), and that Roger Lestrange in 1381 was s and h of Roger, s and h of John, s and h of John, s and h of the John who made the gift - that sequence implies the gift was made by John IV. The CP scheme looks reasonable enough, although from the CP account it looks as though there's nothing in the sources to specify Hawise's relationship to the John Lestrange who made the grant. It is a bit odd that Robert's wife is called Hawise in the contemporary records but Maud in Thomas's inquisition post mortem. The other point is that It would leave the Feltons of Edlingham without a descent from the Stranges, so the similarity of the Felton and Strange coats of arms would have to be explained by the Feltons being tenants, rather than descendants of the Stranges. Apart from that, the only clue to the Feltons' ancestry I've seen is provided by Blomefield (Norfolk, vol.10, p.10), who says that the Robert who held Litcham in the 1290s was presumably the same man who was knighted with the Prince of Wales about the same time, who was described as "Robert, son of Robert, son of Pagan". This seems to be connected with the extracts from the Dictionary of National Biography, quoted by Ian Fettes, according to which the common ancestor was "Pagan of Upper Felton, Northumberland" (though the Strange link indicates West Felton in Shropshire as the place of origin). However, if I've understood correctly, according to the DNB, Robert and William (usually assumed to be brothers) were first cousins, the sons of William and Robert respectively, who were the sons of Pagan. Obviously more information is required to sort this out. ***** Update: In Octpber 2016, John Watson conjectured from heraldic and property evidence that this Robert de Felton married a Maud le Strange, daughter of John le Strange and Joan de Somery, and that Maud was the mother of this Robert's son William. Following Watson's hypothesis entails adding only Maud and her parents to this database; if Watson is mistaken, TNH is still descended from all four of Maud's grandparents along other lines. | de Felton, Robert (I3773)
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| 1681 | A Wallen/Walling Genealogy says the wife of Thomas Walling/Wallen was named "Hannah Bogert." Her actual tombstone, depicted on her Find a Grave page, calls her simply "Mary wife of Thomas wallen". The Find a Grave page manager has evidently attempted to square this circle by naming her "Mary Hannah Bogert Walling." | Mary (I23432)
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| 1682 | Alguacil Mayor of Toledo. | Gomez Perez (I3655)
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| 1683 | Ancestors of Amyntas Shaw (citation details below) names his wife Rebecca. Later researchers say her identity is unproven, although John Staples did have a daughter named Rebecca born at Weymouth 27 Nov 1639. | Staple, John (I14594)
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| 1684 | Ancestors of Hazel Coston (citation details below) has them married in 1635 in Evche Du Mans, Maine, France. | Family F3525
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| 1685 | Ancestral Lines (citation details below) gives her a death date of 1687, which cannot be correct, for she is named and made a benificiary in the 29 Dec 1713 will of her husband Joseph Tripp. Also, her last two children were born in 1689 and 1691. | Fish, Mehitable (I34543)
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| 1686 | Ancestral Roots 223:37 identifies her as "Isabel Scott, dau. of Richard Scott" -- creating an extra muddle on top of the several already-difficult Heron issues. The real Isabel Scott was the paternal grandmother of the Elizabeth Heron who (with papal dispensation) married this Isabel's son John Heron. Nothing is known of the ancestry of the Isabel who married William Heron who was killed in January 1428. | Isabel (I1596)
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| 1687 | Ancestral Roots and other sources to the contrary, he was probably never married to Philippa of Toulouse (1073-1117), wife of William IX of Aquitaine. Wikipedia's article on Philippa of Toulouse cites two sources to this effect: "Szabolcs de Vajay, 'Ramire II le Moine, roi d'Aragon et Agnes de Poitou dans l'histoire et la légende', in Me?langes offerts a? Rene? Crozet, 2 vol, Poitiers, 1966, vol 2, p 727-750; and Ruth E Harvey, 'The wives of the first troubadour Duke William IX of Aquitaine', in Journal of Medieval History, vol 19, 1993, p 315. Harvey states that, contrary to prior assumptions, William IX was certainly Philippa of Toulouse's only husband. Vajay states that the marriage to an unnamed king of Aragon reported by a non-contemporary chronicler is imaginary even though it has appeared broadly in modern histories, and likewise he cites J de Salarrullana de Dios, Documentos correspondientes al reinado de Sancho Ramirez, Saragossa, 1907, vol I, nr 51, p 204-207 to document that Sancho's wife Felicie was clearly still married to him just months before his death, making the marriage to Philippa several years earlier, as reported in several modern popular biographies of her granddaughter, completely unsupportable." | Ramirez, Sancho V King of Aragon; King of Navarre (I8339)
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| 1688 | Ancestral Roots and Richardson's Royal Ancestry have a 54-year spread between their two different death dates for Emma of Mortain. | of Mortain, Emma (I4192)
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| 1689 | Ancestral Roots calls her "Maud de Mandeville", and Complete Peerage's foldout chart of the earls of Essex (volume 5, between pages 116 and 117) places her in a way that can be, but shouldn't be, read as suggesting that she was a daughter of Geoffrey de Mandeville, Earl of Essex, d. 1144. Todd A. Farmerie, 11 Jun 2002, soc.genealogy.medieval: This is the case I had in mind the other day, of a connection almost certainly wrong, probably drawn from other secondary sources assumed to be reliable, while these in turn were derived from the chart of the Earls of Essex in CP. In this chart, Maud is placed under a horizontal line connecting Geoffrey's children, but is not connected to that line. This placement was certainly done solely for the purposes of graphical arrangement, and was never intended to display relationship. However, as far as I know, no one has ever published this "correction". What has been published are studies of Geoffrey Fitz Piers, son of "Peter de Ludgershall" and "Matilda". These follow in detail the manipulations that Henry II took to ensure that the Mandeville birthright, represented by Beatrice de Say, grand-niece of Geoffrey, Earl of Essex, came to his favorite. This man, Geoffrey Fitz Piers, was specifically said by a contemporary chronicler to be of insubstantial origins. Now if Geoffrey Fitz Piers was maternal grandson of Earl Geoffrey, and nephew of the recently deceased Earl William de Mandeville, then he would neither have been of lowly origins, nor would Henry have had to manipulate the status of the Say heiress in order to justify Geoffrey coming into the Mandeville inheritance -- he would have been the legal heir. Simply put, this connection is wrong on so many levels, that it would require a higher burden of proof than for a connection that does not have so many strikes against it. | Maud (I6700)
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| 1690 | Ancestral Roots calls her "prob. dau. of Robert de Ferrers, d. 1139." | de Ferrers, (Unknown) (I141)
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| 1691 | Ancestral Roots gives two different dates for this marriage: 149-24 says "abt. 1105" and 155-23 says "abt. 1100". | Family F507
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| 1692 | Annals of the Lords of Warrington (citation details below) says he was a knight of the shire for Lancashire in 1297 and died in the same year, but neither of these claims appear to be true. CP says that Henry died before his father, who died in 1280; this is why William's successor was William's grandson, Henry's son William (d. aft 1330). | le Boteler, Henry (I528)
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| 1693 | Archaeologia Aeliana, 4th series, lists her as a daughter of Thomas de Lucy and Isabel de Boltby. Craster (citation details below) calls her "daughter of Sir Thomas de Lucy, first baron Lucy of Cockermouth." There seems to be more recent doubt that this was the case. | Alice (I7739)
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| 1694 | Bourgeois and merchant at Rouen. | le Barbier, Henri (I31804)
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| 1695 | Bourgeois. Said to have died before 1615. | Marsolet, Nicolas (I31769)
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| 1696 | Complete Peerage, Ancestral Roots, etc., show her as Hawise de Vitré, daughter of André I de Vitré (1055-1139) and Agnes de Mortain, but Keats-Rohan in Domesday Descendants says "there is no convincing evidence of her identity." | Hawise (I5037)
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| 1697 | Complete Peerage (VII:464) calls her "Ermentrude [? De Lisle]". | Ermentrude (I13270)
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| 1698 | Complete Peerage and Ancestral Roots give her as a daughter of Sir Edmund Mortimer, 7th Baron Mortimer of Wigmore, by an unidentified first wife, but various discussions on SGM and elsewere led to a consensus that this is chronologically improbable and that her parentage must be regarded as unknown. See also this page on Chris Phillips' site. More recently, on 17 Dec 2017, Douglas Richardson posted to SGM evidence that she was a daughter of Roger le Rous and his wife Eleanor de Avenbury. Both pieces of evidence have to do with the known fact that her first husband was Walter de Balun, who died in 1287. In 1296 one Isolde sued Reynold de Balun in the Court of Common Pleas regarding the manor of Eastington, Gloucester, which she claimed as her right and which she was in fact holding at that time. Reynold de Balun was Walter de Balun's brother and heir. The record identifies Isolde, the plaintiff, as "daughter of Roger le Rus." The other document is a record of Walter de Balun and his wife, Isolde, being enfeoffed with the manor of Much Marcle, Herefordshire by Roger le Rous. Between these two it seems clear that the wife of Hugh de Audley, widow of Walter de Balun, was a daughter of Roger le Rous. | le Rous, Isolde (I3233)
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| 1699 | Complete Peerage and Ancestral Roots give her as a daughter of Sir Edmund Mortimer, 7th Baron Mortimer of Wigmore, by an unidentified first wife, but various discussions on SGM and elsewere led to a consensus that this is chronologically improbable and that her parentage must be regarded as unknown. See also this page on Chris Phillips' site. More recently, on 17 Dec 2017, Douglas Richardson posted to SGM evidence that she was a daughter of Roger le Rous and his wife Eleanor de Avenbury. Both pieces of evidence have to do with the known fact that her first husband was Walter de Balun, who died in 1287. In 1296 one Isolde sued Reynold de Balun in the Court of Common Pleas regarding the manor of Eastington, Gloucester, which she claimed as her right and which she was in fact holding at that time. Reynold de Balun was Walter de Balun's nephew and heir. The record identifies Isolde, the plaintiff, as "daughter of Roger le Rus." The other document is a record of Walter de Balun and his wife, Isolde, being enfeoffed with the manor of Much Marcle, Herefordshire by Roger le Rous. Between these two it seems clear that the wife of Hugh de Audley, widow of Walter de Balun, was a daughter of Roger le Rous. | le Rous, Isolde (I3233)
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| 1700 | Complete Peerage and Medieval English Ancestors of Robert Abell give Isabel de Periton's mother as Sarah, wife of Adam de Periton. But Douglas Richardson demonstrated in a 26 Aug 2018 post to SGM that Sarah was Adam's second wife and that his first wife was named Cecily. "Given that Isabel de Welle had a daughter by the name Cecily and not Sarah, it seems to me that Cecily, 1st wife of Sir Adam de Periton, is more likely the mother of Isabel de Welle, rather than Sir Adam's 2nd surviving wife, Sarah, as alleged by Complete Peerage. It should also be noted that the given name Cecily occurs repeatedly in later generations of the Welle/Welles family, but not the name Sarah." | Cecily (I8359)
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| 1701 | Complete Peerage calls her "probably" a daughter of William d'Aubeney and Maud de Senlis. | d'Aubigny, Maud (I27315)
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| 1702 | Complete Peerage describes him as "probably" the father of Gilbert and Alan. "Geoffrey de Neville in or before 1146 was lord of the fee in which the church of Scothern lay, and held Walcut 'cum appendiciis suis.'" | de Neville, Geoffrey (I5412)
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| 1703 | Complete Peerage erroneously gives her as a daughter of her maternal grandparents, Albert III, Comte de Namur, and Isa Billung. Reflecting more recent proofs, Ancestral Roots and Royal Ancestry both give her the correct parents. | of Chiny and Namur, Ida (I3662)
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| 1704 | Complete Peerage I:145: "[Gillebride] seems to have m., 1stly, a da. of Gospatrick, Earl of Dunbar." On chronological grounds, we make her a daughter of the Gospatric who d. 1166. | of Dunbar, (Unknown wife of Gillebride, Earl of Angus) (I1698)
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| 1705 | Complete Peerage IV:118, note (c), says of this Alice Murdac only that she was "sister of Ralph Murdac." We've followed Leo van de Pas and Jim Weber in making her a daughter of the Ralph Murdac who was married to Beatrice de Chesney. | Murdac, Alice (I1575)
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| 1706 | Complete Peerage IX:258, note (j), on this Robert de Mortimer: "Robert the father on his marriage received Little Woodham (Woodham Mortimer) in Essex from Henry II by the service of 1/2 fee and probably Amberden (in Debden) as another 1/2 fee. In 1190/1 he, or his son, was assessed to the scutage of Wales for one knight's fee of the Honour of Peverel of London in Essex. Woodham and Amberden were held by Robert the son in 1212 as one fee. The father's marriage presumably took place in or before 1168, when he was pardoned a debt in the account of the sheriff of Essex. It is not easy to distinguish this Robert from his son Robert at a time when either might have been the tenant of Woodham, or to distinguish them from their namesake and contemporary Robert de Mortimer of Attleborough. [...] There seems to have been as close a connection between the Mortimers of Attleborough, and their said overlords as between Robert of Essex and the King. It would appear likely that it was Robert of Essex, the protege of Henry II, who witnessed at Valoignes the later version of the treaty of Falaise, some time in the early months of 1174, as being in the train of King Henry, while William de Mortimer of Attleborough was one of the hostages under that treaty for William the Lion -- Earl of Huntingdon until his deafeat at Alnwick in July 1174; also that it was Robert of Essex who, at Le Mans, witnessed a charter of Henry II, dated 1175-81 or 1177. That there was a close connection between the families of Attleborough and Richard's Castle is suggested by heraldic evidence; by the recurrance in both families of the names Robert and William (Hugh probably came in at Richard's Castle from Say); and by the few details that are known about a shadowy Pernel de Mortimer, who seems to have belonged to both families. Of her it is known that before 1199 (probably before May 1194) she held land in Dengey Hundred, in which are Woodham Mortimer and Amberden, which later was given to Tiltey Abbey; that in July 1199, as a widow, she was duing R. del Ech for dower in Cambe (where Mortimers of Attleborough had large holdings); and in 1203 levied a fine with William de Buckenham as to the advowson of Buckenham and land there -- a Mortimer of Attleborough manor." | de Mortimer, Robert (I19)
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| 1707 | Complete Peerage VI:645 has her as a daughter of Richard de Beaumont by Constance, illegitimate daughter of Henry I. This is corrected in CP XI, appendix D, page 116, and XII:1, page 768, note (j). Constance was Richard's mother. | de Beaumont, Ermengarde (I6040)
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| 1708 | Complete Peerage VIII includes a two-page "Chart Pedigree (Partly Conjectural) of Mautravers" following page 576. In it this John Mautravers' father is conjectured as another John who appears on Somerset and Wiltshire pipe rolls from 1158 to 1169. His father may have been Walter Mautravers who was fined for his wife's inheritance in Leicestershire and appears in other records in Berkshire. His father was likely a younger Hugh Mautravers, not the Domesday tenant but a son of the same who have land near Preston, Somerset to Montacute Priory. His father was the aforesaid Hugh who held "Lytchett (afterwards Lytchett Mautravers), Woolcombe, and other manors in Dorset and Wilts, land at Yeovil, &c., Somerset, and in Gloucestershire, from William, Count of Eu; in Somerset he also held Preston, &c., from Alfred de Ispania." | Mautravers, John (I2553)
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| 1709 | Complete Peerage volume 14, the additions-and-corrigenda volume, notes that this Roger Beauchamp marriedly, secondly, Joan, daughter and heir of Sir Walter Clopton, widow of Sir Walter Walcot of Gunton, Norfolk. CP14 further notes that Joan cannot have been the mother of Roger's heir Roger, who was born in 1362, because Walter Walcot didn't die until 1366. | de Beauchamp, Roger (I15560)
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| 1710 | Complete Peerage volume I contains some misinformation about this Isabella. Kathryn Warner has shown that rather than being alive in 1300, she died before 1 Apr 1292. This is in fact corrected in CP volume XIV. Uncorrected, however, is its confused account of her subsequent marital history. Douglas Richardson, in a 2016 post to SGM, demonstrated that contrary to CP, she did not marry Ralph d'Arderne after the death of her first husband John fitz Alan; rather, the Isabel who married Ralph d'Arderne was the widow of an entirely different John Fitz Alan, of Wolverton, Buckinghamshire. Our Isabel "occurs in various records as the unmarried widow of John Fitz Alan, of Arundel, from the time of his death in 1272 up through 1284-5, when she is on record as having presented to Cold Norton Priory, Oxfordshire. She subsequently married (2nd) on 2 September 1285, to Robert de Hastang, as indicated by the historian, Scott Waugh, Lordship of England (1988): 131-132, who states as follows: 'It turned out that Henry III had granted the right of her [Isabel's] marriage to her father, that after he died his executors accepted her fine for the right to marry whomever she pleased, and that she had married Robert de Hastang on 2 September 1285.'" | de Mortimer, Isabella (I3273)
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| 1711 | Complete Peerage's chart on page 317 of volume 4 identifies this Renaud de Courtenay as the father of Reynold de Courtenay who married Hawise and died in 1194, but as far as we can determine, this Renaud and that Reynold's father are different individuals. References: Richardson, Royal Ancestry, volume 2, p. 314, Courtenay line; Richardson, Royal Ancestry, volume 4, page 222, Nevers line; Peter Stewart, post to SGM, 28 Jan 2003. Stewart quotes an early SGM post, from William Addams Reitwiesner pm 23 May 2002, summarizing Herbert Furman Seversmith's argument against identifying these two men as a single individual: "First is the chronology, as the English Reginald was born about 1125, while the French Reginald's parents were married around 1095. Second is their personal characters, the French Reginald being a glorified bandit while the English Reginald escaped the notice of any chroniclers, and is known only through charters. Third is their social status, the French Reginald being a nephew of the Count of Odessa and having a daughter who married a son of the King of France (who took her name of Courtenay), while the English Reginald was only the lord of a not very large manor, not a baron, and not even a knight. The fourth is that there is no actual evidence to support the suggestion that they were the same person -- the connection was made by Cleaveland in his 1735 Courtenay genealogy and has been repeated uncritically ever since." The identity of his wife is not known with certainty. | de Courtenay, Renaud (I8146)
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| 1712 | Custos pacis for Shropshire and Staffordshire, 1264. "Ralph Basset, s. and h. of Ralph B. of Drayton, co. Stafford, and of Colston Basset, Notts, was sum. to Parl. 24 Dec. (1264) 49 Hen. III, by writ directed Radulfo Basset de Drayton; which writ however, having issued in rebellion, should not create a peerage dignity. He m. Margaret, da. of Roger de Somery, of Dudley, Basset, co. Worcester, by his ist wife (to whom she was da. and coh.), Nicole, da. and eventually coh. of William (d'Aubigny), Earl of Arundel. He d. 4 Aug. 1265, being slain at the battle of Evesham fighting against the King, who, however, continued the estates to his widow and son, as her father had fought for the King at Evesham. His widow m., before 26 Jan. 1270/1, as 2nd wife, Ralph de Cromwell, of Cromwell, Notts, and West Hallam, co. Derby, who d. shortly before 18 Sep. 1289. She took the veil shortly before 18 June 1293." [Complete Peerage II:1-2] | Basset, Ralph (I3283)
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| 1713 | De jure 6th lord Kyme; see the entry for his wife Eleanor. | Tailboys, Henry (I3089)
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| 1714 | De jure Lord Marshal. Summoned to Parliament from 4 Dec 1364 to 16 Feb 1379. | de Morley, William (I19053)
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| 1715 | Early Yorkshire Charters volume 10 (citation details below) shows her to be a sister of Aubrey/Albreda, and therefore a daughter of William Espec. | Espec, Hawise (I10547)
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| 1716 | Early Yorkshire Families (citation details below) says that Roger de Flamville was Juetta's second husband, and claims that her first husband was the earlier Adam de Brus who died in 1142 or 1143. But this creates a number of chronological problems. For instance, if Juetta married the older Adam de Brus, their daughter Isabel (wife of Henry de Percy, d. 1198) could not have been born later than ca. 1143, and would thus have been at least 103 years old when she died in 1246. It seems vastly more plausible that Juetta's first husband was Roger de Flamville, who died in 1169, and her second husband was the younger Roger de Brus who died in 1196. In this model, the estimated birth dates and known death dates of all her children by both husbands make much more sense. | de Arches, Juetta (I10969)
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| 1717 | England Births and Christenings, 1538-1975 gives his baptismal date as 26 Dec 1722. | Couch, Anthony (I12145)
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| 1718 | Foster Genealogy (citation details below) says she married "Fred Knight" and "d. leaving two or three sons who res. in So. Dak." She appears to have been the youngest of her parents' seventeen children, thirteen of whom lived to adulthood. Her middle names Noyes probably has something to with the early intermarriage of her husband's family with the eminent Noyes family of New England. | Foster, Clara Noyes (I33538)
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| 1719 | Genealogy of the Bisbee Family (citation details below) gives their marriage date as 14 Nov 1745. With his brother Luther, Ebenezer Bisbee moved from Plymouth county to Plainfield in western Massachusetts. They were among the first settlers of Plainfield. He was chosen selectman in 1788 and served for fifteen years thereafter. His death date is unknown to us. | Bisbee, Ebenezer Sr. (I11122)
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| 1720 | George S. Hayden (deceased), one of the pioneers of Daviess County, Ky., was born near New Hope, Nelson Co., Ky., Nov. 15, 1810, a son of George and Mary Elliot Hayden, natives of Maryland who came to Washington County, Ky., at an early day. They had a large family and George S. was the youngest. George S. was reared on a farm in Nelson County and was married there to Miss Delphenia Elder, May 4, 1833. She was a daughter of Dr. Guy and Mary (Birch) Elder. The summer following his marriage he came to Daviess County, settling on his farm in Upper Town Precinct. His wife died here in October 1839. They had three children, James D., born May 3, 1834, died June 2, 1837; Lucy A., born Aug. 11, 1836, is the wife of Wilferd J. Hayden; Mary V., born Sept 9, 1838, wife of John H. Payne, both residing in Upper Town Precinct. June 2, 1810, Mr. Hayden married Miss M. Teresa Burch. She was born in Hardin County, Ky., March 17, 1822, a daughter of John H. and Mary A. (Greenwell) Burch. After their marriage, Mr. and Mrs. Hayden settled on the old farm in Upper Town Precinct where his wife still resides and where he died May 4, 1876. They had a family of thirteen children - Virginia A., born March 11, 1841, married Wm. H. Monarch; Robert H., born Dec. 20, 1842, died Sept. 16 1878; Margaret E., born Feb. 14, 1845, married John W. Hagan who died Oct. 26, 1882; J. Artelia, born Feb. 11, 1847; George S. Jr., born Jan. 25, 1849, died Dec. 31, 1852; Nannie T., born March 11, 1850, married S. W. Osborne; C. W., born April 15, 1853, resides on the old homestead with his mother engaged in farming; Eva E., born May 16, 1856, married William W. Blandford, Jan. 23 1883; Joshua B., born April 2, 1858, is employed in the "Famous" clothing house of St. Louis, Mo.; H. Walter, born March 22, 1860, is a farmer and stock dealer of Curdsville Precinct; Frank X., born May 5, 1862; George S. born April 8, 1865; and Teresa G., born Feb. 22, 1868. The last three reside at home with their mother. The family are all members of the Catholic church. Mr. Hayden was not only one of the pioneers of Daviess County, but was a good neighbor and a representative citizen, loved and respected by all who knew him. [History of Daviess County, Kentucky] | Hayden, George Samuel (I4373)
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| 1721 | History of Medina County and Ohio (citation details below), naming her as a daughter of Elisha Branch and Sallie Thompson of Hampshire County, Massachusetts, calls her "Mrs. Albert Mead, in Michigan". From Edythe Alma (Pearsall) Palmer (citation details below): Sarah Branch Mead moved from a New York county to the Lansing area with her brood of six, lived in a log cabin and taught her children (plus the neighbors') how to read from newspapers on the walls, before she was able to add a real book to her copy of the Bible and one by Charles Dickens. I have a photo (circa 1903) of her at least 90, wearing her black bombazine highnecked shirtwaist, wearing her gold wedding ring, and reading the Bible. (I don't believe that many women could read at all at that time.) Of course, it paid off. Grandpa Mead became a proofreader for the Detroit Free Press, a Shakespeare scholar and a "reader" in the Christian Science church! He loved to laugh and tell funny stories. I remember the one about the witches in Macbeth. | Branch, Sarah (I27685)
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| 1722 | History of the Town of Durham identifies her as "daughter of James and Sarah (Burnham) Huckins", but that is implausible on chronological grounds. | Huckins, Hannah (I35159)
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| 1723 | History of Wallingford mistakenly gives her as "Lois Royce." | Royce, Love (I9464)
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| 1724 | J.u. Prince of Antioch. AR8 has him marrying Constance "abt. 1152/3" and dying in 1137, a good trick. | de Châtillon-sur-Loing, Renaud (I11671)
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| 1725 | James Nourse and His Descendants (citation details below) calls her Lydia while saying that her first name may instead have been Sarah, but the repeated references to her in Ewing v. Handley (citation details below) make it clear that her name was Lydia. | Hardin, Lydia (I34660)
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| 1726 | Jure uxoris Earl of Menteith. According to CP 8:666, his origins are unproved. "He accompanied David II in his expedition into England, which terminated in the Scottish disaster at Nevill's Cross, 17 Oct. 1346, where David himself and the Earl were among the prisoners taken. Menteith, having sworn and broken fealty to Edward III, was tried in London for treason, and sentenced to be hanged, drawn and quartered, 28 Feb. 1346/7." | Graham, John (I27473)
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| 1727 | Jure uxoris viscount of Beaumont. | de Brienne, Louis (I16516)
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| 1728 | Landon Genealogy (citation details below) and Maynard H. Mires (citation details below) both call her the daughter of Rev. John Youngs, Presbyterian minister of Southold, L.I. | Youngs, Martha (I22532)
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| 1729 | Lincolnshire Pedigrees calls her Margaret Ayscough. | Ayscough, Elizabeth (I21346)
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| 1730 | Lineage and Biographies of the Norris Family in America (citation details below) says that she "is said to have been a half-blooded Indian." | Mary (I35404)
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| 1731 | Lineage of Rev. Richard Mather (citation details below) gives his birthdate as "Nov. 31, 1708", a date that does not exist. He must have died before 1757 when his wife Lois remarried Isaac Mixer. | Mather, Richard (I27000)
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| 1732 | Malcolm, who is first named in a charter dated 1225, as son of the Earl, and again in a charter by Walter the High Stewart, dated before 16 November 1228, and others by him. Later, he is described as son and heir. In 1239 he had a dispute with the Abbey of Paisley about the possession of certain lands belonging to their church of Kilpatrick. To settle the matter, Walter the High Stewart and the Earl arranged with the disputants that the Abbey should pay Malcolm sixty merks, while he quitclaimed the lands and confirmed the rights of the monks. Besides other writs in which Malcolm is named, the last transaction recorded of him was a dispute between him and Sir David Graham. Earl Maldouen had granted to the latter half a carucate, or about fifty acres, of Strathblane. At Whitsunday 1248, however, Malcolm objected to the grant, and trouble began. At Lammas, however, the influence of his father and other friends led to a settlement. Malcolm duly granted a quitclaim to Sir David of certain money, and agreed to give a charter of the lands. His sudden death a few days later prevented this, and Earl Maldouen himself made the necessary grant, explaining the circumstances and the reason of delay." [The Scots Peerage, citation details below] | Malcolm (I28940)
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| 1733 | Mayflower passenger, with her husband and three children. Her marriage record in Leiden describes her as "single woman from Newbury in England"; from that she is presumed to have come from the market town in Berkshire of that name, rather than the hamlet in Kent, but nothing is actually known of her origins beyond these six words. | Norris, Mary (I30475)
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| 1734 | Mayflower passenger, with her parents, brother, and sister. | Allerton, Remember (I30472)
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| 1735 | Mayflower passenger. Not to be confused with his brother Edward Fuller's son Samuel Fuller, who was also on the Mayflower. Also not to be confused with his own son Samuel Fuller (b. abt. 1629). Among several other trades, he was a surgeon. In 2020, Don Blauvelt (citation details below) showed that the actual parish records of Redenhall give the date of Samuel Fuller's baptism as 20 February 1580/1, not 20 January as has been reported in multiple sources for over a century. Blauvelt, who obtained a personal copy of the microfilmed Redenhall records from the Norfolk Records Office with permission of the current parish authorities, notes that these records have never been microfilmed by the LDS. This is of course assuming that the parents of Mayflower passengers Samuel and Edward Fuller were in fact the Redenhall couple; see our entry for Robert Fuller, butcher of Redenhall, for details on that issue. | Fuller, Dr. Samuel (I27215)
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| 1736 | Mayordomo Mayor to King Fernando II. From Leo van de Pas: Gonzalo Osorio, also known as Gonzalo Osórez, was a noble member of the house of Flainez as the son of conde Osorio Martinez and Teresa Fernández. Although Gonzalo did not hold the rank of count, he succeeded his father in the tenencias (fiefs, tenancies) of Villalobos, Mayorga, Ribera, of Zamora and Valderas. He was lord high steward of Fernando II, King of León from 1176 to 1178 and in 1187. The name of Osorio's wife is not recorded, but he had four sons and three daughters, of whom only Osorio is recorded with progeny. Like his mother, Gonzalo was a benefactor of the Order of Hospitallers, but he applied for and received a loan from the order. In his will he left a sum to the Order but he died about 1180 before repaying the loan, and his sisters Aldonza, Sancha, Constanza and Jimena gave the town of Ribola to the Order to settle the debt. | Osorio, Gonzalo (I3619)
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| 1737 | McArthur-Barnes Ancestral Lines and Clifford L. Stott's article "The Chaplin Family of Co. Suffolk" (citation details below) both state that he was baptized at Hitcham, Suffolk on 13 Feb 1615, but Randy A. West ("Alice Freeman", etc., citation details below) points out that the same child is recorded in that parish register as being buried 25 Feb 1616. Thomas Parke = Dorothy Thompson Robert Parke = Mary Rose Margaret Parke = Benjamin Rockwell Margaret Rockwell = Josiah Blodgett, Jr. Hannah Blodgett = David Burroughs Tyler Burroughs = Anna Pratt Abner Tyler Burroughs = Mary Rice George Tyler Burroughs = Mary Evaline Zieger Edgar Rice Burroughs (1875-1950) (Thus, ERB is a seventh cousin twice removed to TSW.) | Parke, Thomas (I14586)
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| 1738 | Mead-Clark Genealogy (citation details below) reports, on page 5 of the Mead section, the following list of the children of Jonathan Mead and Esther Butler: Hannah 9-2-1712 of Saratoga Springs, New York Jonathan 11-10-1716 m. Sarah Guernsey Michael 9-4-1718 of Saratoga Springs, New York Enos 11-17-1721 m. Melasen Nehemiah 8-8-1723 m. Sarah Israel 4-5-1728 of Saratoga Springs, New York Nathaniel 6-11-1726 of Saratoga Springs, New York Sarah 5-6-1735/6 m. Simeon Newcomb But on page 83 of the same section we see an amendment: Births of seven children are recorded in Greenwich, Conn. Hannah, Sept. 2 (probably 1714); Jonathan --10-1715; Michael Sept. 4, 1718; Enos and Nehemiah (twins) Nov. 17, 17--; Nathaniel and Israel (twins) June 11, 17--; This leaf of the town record is worn and the lower half missing; probably here was recorded the births of his younger children. It is said that Darius born 3-28-1728; Eli b. about 1730; Eldad b. about 1733, were sons of Jonathan and Esther Butler Mead. So it is possible that Enos Mead had a twin named Nehemiah who died in infancy, and that the Nehemiah of this entry was a second of his name. Or perhaps the 8 Aug 1723 birthdate for him in the first list is simply in error. Just for comparison, this is the list of Jonathan Mead and Esther Butler's children given in Frank J. Doherty's Settlers of the Beekman Patent (citation details below), volume 8, page 703: Hannah, b. 2 Sept. 1714; m. John Smith 1738. Jonathan, b. 10 Nov. 1716; m. Sarah Guernsey. Michael, b. 4 Sept. 1718; m. Freelove Barker. Enos, b. 17 Nov. 1721; m. Millicent _____. Nehemiah, b. 8 Aug. 1723; m. Sarah Barton. Nathaniel, b. 11 June 1726. Israel, b. 5 April 1728; m. 1st Mary Hoyt, 2nd Hannah Harris. Sarah, b. 6 May 1731; m. Simon Newcomb. This list is footnoted "List of children from book by L. E. Weaver on one branch of the Mead family. Birth dates from web sites." | Mead, Nehemiah (I11950)
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| 1739 | Medieval English Ancestors of Robert Abell (citation details below) says he "was Lord of Morton at the Inquest of Bradford Hundred taken in 1255." Justiciar of Shropshire. | Corbet, Richard (I4793)
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| 1740 | Medieval English Ancestors of Robert Abell has the daughter of Fulke le Strange and Eleanor Giffard marrying "Bryan de Cornwall of Kynlet," with no mention of Griffin Warren. Elsewhere (p. 267), he has Gruffith Warren marrying "Matilda le Strange, daughter of a Lord Strange of Blackmere." | le Strange, Maud (I2716)
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| 1741 | Memoirs of the Danvers Family (citation details below, p. 221-222) makes what seems to us a good case that Agnes was a second wife and not the mother of Katherine Foliot. | Agnes (I6886)
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| 1742 | Middlesex Pedigrees calls him William Bellers. | de Beler, Hamo (I21806)
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| 1743 | Moore and Allied Families (citation details below) states that "it is thought" that she died at Hartford, Connecticut. | Smith, Agnes (I17751)
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| 1744 | New England Families Genealogical and Memorial (citation details below) calls her "Jemima Weed"; this is probably due to the Rev. Elijah B. Huntington's mistranscription in his 6 Apr 1797 Registration of Births, Marriages and Deaths of Stamford Families. Although Nicholas Knapp Genealogy doesn't, in its entry for Sarah Knapp, list Jemima among her children with Ebenezer Mead, in its entry for Moses Knapp it calls Jemimah Mead "dau. of Ebenezer Mead and Sarah (Knapp)." Meanwhile, Spencer P. Mead's History and Genealogy of the Mead Family of Fairfield County does in fact list Jemima as a daughter of Ebenezer and Sarah, and records her marriage to Moses Knapp. So Jemima and Moses were first cousins, both grandchildren of Caleb Knapp and Hannah Smith. | Mead, Jemima (I3605)
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| 1745 | Notes of Terry Families says "He is a painter, and lives in Windsor, Conn." Civil War service: Corporal, Company D, 16th Connecticut Infantry, Connecticut Volunteers. He was a wagonner. Enlisted 14 or 24 Aug 1862; fought at Antietam and Fredericksburg; mustered out 18 Dec 1862. | Marks, William (I17310)
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| 1746 | Noyes-Gilman Ancestry (citation details below) says she was probably related to Abigail Gibbs, wife of Jireh Swift, but not a sister. | Gibbs, Joanna (I15036)
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| 1747 | Old Families of Salisbury and Amesbury (citation details below) says "He served at Louisburg, 1745, with other Ames. men." Presumably this is the Siege of Louisbourg, when "a New England colonial force aided by a British fleet captured Louisbourg, the capital of the French province of Île-Royale (present-day Cape Breton Island) during the War of the Austrian Succession, known as King George's War in the British colonies." | Hadlock, James (I5546)
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| 1748 | Perhaps the mother of this William Cramphorne's children. | Cycelie (I2201)
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| 1749 | Protovestiarios, protoproedros, and domestikos ton scholon (Domestic of the Schools) of the Byzantine Empire. | Doukas, Andronikos (I4884)
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| 1750 | Puritans and Pedigrees calls her "Elizabeth Sheafe." | Sheafe, Katherine (I22810)
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| 1751 | Puritans and Pedigrees provides the date of her will. It does not provide her probate date, but a footnote points the reader to the National Archives site, where it can be looked up. | Stevens, Dorothy (I9297)
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| 1752 | Record of the Descendants of Francis Whitmore of Cambridge, Massachusetts mistakenly calls her "Mary Eliot." | Eliot, Rachel (I13701)
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| 1753 | Royal Ancestry: "Said to be a daughter of William Deincourt, Lord Deincourt." But the Margaret Deincourt (b. 1344) who was the daughter of William, 2nd Lord Deincourt is well-recorded (AR, MCS, CP, etc) to have been married, 1st, to Robert Tibetot, and 2nd, to John Cheyne. And she died in 1380, before the 1396 given for Walter Tailboys' marriage to this Margaret. | Margaret (I8878)
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| 1754 | Royal Ancestry (citation details below) says that in 1345 he went with earl of Oxford to Brittany and served under him "in the Crécy campaign until the capture of Calais," but this doesn't clarify whether he actually fought at the battle of Crécy, 26 Aug 1346. | de Plaiz, Richard (I22873)
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| 1755 | Royal Ancestry and various other sources give this Hugh de Morwick's wife as a Juliana, sometimes asserted as a daughter of "Robert de Reveley." But in 2016 Andrew B. W. MacEwen, John P. Ravilious, and Rosie Bevan, in "Gang Warily! Juliana de Reveley and the Randolphs: A Cautionary Tale" (citation details below) established that this was a "false genealogy derived from scribal error", that "Robert de Reveley" was a later construct, and that this Hugh de Morwick's wife and the mother of his daughters was Agnes de Heyford, daughter of Roger de Heyford and Margery Gobion. | de Morwick, Hugh (I2015)
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| 1756 | Royal Ancestry gives the date of their marriage as 23 April 1290; Complete Peerage as 30 April; the ODNB as "early May." | Family F6425
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| 1757 | Royal Ancestry identifies her merely as an unnamed daughter of Norman Darcy, wife of _____ Swynford. | Darcy, Margaret (I3412)
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| 1758 | Royal Ancestry says Henry Etwell's second wife Mary was the mother of Joan Etwell. Ancestor Table: Hansen [citation details below] says that chronological evidence points to the first wife, Agnes. | Agnes (I13415)
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| 1759 | Royal Ancestry shows her as a daughter of Hugh de Hastings and Margaret de Everingham, but a footnote points out both a lack of positive proof for this and the existence of evidence suggesting she may have been a member of the Fastolf family of Norfolk instead. The entries for John Rochford in the History of Parliament and the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography shed no light on either possibility for Alice's parentage, noting only that she appears to have been a cousin of one Richard Newton of Boston, Lincolnshire. Walter Rye (citation details below) calls her "d. of Richard Ross". Perhaps this is the Roos (Rouse, Rossi, Ross) family of Ringborough, Yorkshire of whom Grace Roos married, c. 1379, Philip Tilney, father of this Alice's daughter Margaret's husband Frederick. | Alice (I14367)
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| 1760 | Seigneur de Ragonnant, de la Vacheresse et de Vaugien en partie. | de Marle, Mathurin (I32517)
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| 1761 | Settlers of the Beekman Patent calls her Beletje Jacobs van Vleckenstyn. | van Vleckesteijn, Belitje Jacobs (I5107)
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| 1762 | Settlers of the Beekman Patent calls her Sophia (Fytje) Hendrics Wiltsie. | Wiltse, Sophia Hendricksen (I4621)
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| 1763 | Settlers of the Beekman Patent calls him Theunis Thomas Quick de Metsaeler. Pane-Joyce Genealogy calls him Teunis Thomaszen de Metsaeler. He was a mason. He and his wife were in New Amsterdam by around 1640. | Quick, Theunis Thomaszen (I4936)
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| 1764 | Seventy Quorum Membership, 1835–1846, entry on his son Edward, has him as "George (John?) Johnson". | Johnson, John (I8391)
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| 1765 | Sherman Genealogy (citation details below) mistakenly calls her "Sarah Gardner." Her parents are widely said to have been Samuel Gardner and Elizabeth Brown, this Samuel said to have been a son of George Gardner who died in Salem in 1679, a son of Thomas Gardner, and George's first wife Hannah. Thomas Gardner did have a son named George, whose first wife was named Hannah, and they did have a son named Samuel. But the Samuel Gardner claimed as the father of Hannah Gardner is often given as Samuel Gardner "Jr." And the "Elizabeth Brown" who married a Samuel Gardner around 1683 was in fact Elizabeth Carr, daughter of Robert Carr and widow of James Brown. | Gardner, Hannah (I14545)
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| 1766 | Simon Stone Genealogy says merely that she outlived her husband, who died 27 Feb 1783, while John Dennis Farwell's The Farwell Family (1929) gives no death date for her at all. But the headstone in the Groton Old Burying Ground for "Mary Stone relict of Dea. James Stone", seen on Find A Grave, clearly says "March" and "1804". I can't make out the day of the month from the photograph. | Farwell, Mary (I4731)
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| 1767 | Sparapet (hereditary grand constable) of Armenia, 753-775. Killed, along with much of Armenia's other military leadership, by the forces of the Abbasid caliphate at the Battle of Bagrevand in 775. Bagrevand is in what is now eastern Turkey. | Smbat VII Bagratuni Prince of Armenia (I384)
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| 1768 | Stone-Gregg Genealogy states that the Crabbe family were "Lords of Pieots Manor", a place we have been unable to identify. | Crabbe, John (I33415)
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| 1769 | Suo jure Countess of Angus. | Stewart, Margaret (I28964)
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| 1770 | Suo jure Countess of Boulogne and Lens. | of Boulogne, Maud Queen Consort of England (I1867)
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| 1771 | Suo jure Countess of Carrick. | of Carrick, Marjory (I20914)
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| 1772 | Suo jure Countess of Lincoln. | of Chester, Hawise (I1295)
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| 1773 | Suo jure Countess of Menteith. | Mary (I27474)
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| 1774 | Suo jure Countess of Pembroke. Wikipedia: "When Isabel was dying she asked to be buried next to her first husband at Tewkesbury Abbey, but Richard had her interred at Beaulieu Abbey, with her infant son, instead. As a pious gesture, however, he sent her heart, in a silver-gilt casket, to Tewkesbury." | Marshal, Isabel (I4890)
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| 1775 | Suo jure Countess of Salisbury. | Longespée, Ela (I3544)
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| 1776 | Suo jure Lady Segrave. | de Segrave, Elizabeth (I2464)
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| 1777 | The Ancestry of Dorothea Poyntz calls her "Eleanor Fitzpiers." | fitz Reynold, Eleanor (I15744)
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| 1778 | The Ancestry of Dorothea Poyntz calls her "Joan Sturdon", but [Royal Ancestry] says she was a "daughter or kinswoman of William de Latimer, Knt., 3rd Lord Latimer, of Corby, Northamptonshire." | Joan (I16650)
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| 1779 | The Ancestry of Dorothea Poyntz calls her Elizabeth de Corston. | Fitz Elys, Elizabeth (I11283)
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| 1780 | The Ancestry of Dorothea Poyntz calls him "William de Corston." | Fitz Elys, William (I11458)
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| 1781 | The Ancestry of Dorothea Poyntz gives her as a daughter of Sir William Wayland, knight of the shire for Somerset in 1307, who died 20 Mar 1327. | de Weyland, Katherine (I19833)
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| 1782 | The Ancestry of Dorothea Poyntz gives her father as Hugh Cotton of Rudheth, but says her mother is unknown. | de Cotton, Margery (I10434)
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| 1783 | The Ancestry of Dorothea Poyntz identifies the parents of James Peverell as Richard Peverell of Sandford Peverell, Devon, and his wife Jane Eloyn. | Peverell, Hugh (I9705)
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| 1784 | The Ancestry of Dorothea Poyntz omits this generation. | Fitz Elys, William (I11341)
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| 1785 | The Ancestry of Dorothea Poyntz, citing the Metcalfe-edited visitations of Essex and William Rutton's 1891 Three Branches of the Family of Wentworth, calls him "Roger Bissett." | Bissett, John (I7135)
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| 1786 | The Ancestry of Eva Belle Kempton 1878-1908, Part I (citation details below) calls her "Mary." | (Unknown first wife of William Bullard) (I22285)
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| 1787 | The Ancestry of Eva Belle Kempton 1878-1908, Part III (citation details below) gives her death date as 16 Apr 1704, citing "Sudbury VR, 306" as its source, but this seems to be an error, as the 1903 publication of the Vital Records of Sudbury, Massachusetts, to the Year 1850 (citation details below) clearly says, on page 306, that "Mary [Goodenow], w. Capt. John" died "Apr. 14, 1704". | Axtell, Mary (I4320)
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| 1788 | The Ancestry of Eva Belle Kempton (citation details below) says that he was "probably" the Josiah Hayden recorded as dying in Sudbury in 1730. | Hayden, Josiah (I30647)
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| 1789 | The Ancestry of Eva Belle Kempton II (citation details below) establishes that he came from Ogborne St. George in Wiltshire, based on the will of his sister Millicent who died there in 1659 after bequeathing her full estate to "my brother William living in Newberry in New England." He may have been the William Titcomb baptized at Ogborne St. George on 7 Nov 1613, and he was perhaps a son of the Thomas Titcomb buried there on 5 Jul 1630. Robert Charles Anderson finds no record of him prior to his appearance at Newbury in 1639, but The Ancestry of Eva Belle Kempton II says that he took the oath of supremacy and allegiance at Southampton, England, on 24 Mar 1634, "to pass for New England in the Mary and John of London, Robert Sayres, master." He was one of the six left behind to oversee the transportation of cattle on the Hercules, which departed Southampton on 16 Apr 1634. | Titcomb, William (I5884)
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| 1790 | The Benjamin Family in America (citation details below) shows her as a daughter of Lt. William Clarke and Sarah Lumbert/Lumbard, but this seems to be without proof. Robert Charles Anderson (citation details below) calls her only "Sarah _____". | Sarah (I17917)
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| 1791 | The Blackmans of Knight's Creek (citation details below) calls her "Hillar", in double quotation marks. | (Unknown daughter of Richard Silveyn) (I8527)
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| 1792 | The Blackmans of Knight's Creek calls her "a niece of Stephen de Garlande." | de Garlande, Agnes (I2543)
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| 1793 | The Blackmans of Knight's Creek calls him "Roger Banastre." | Banastre, Robert (I6945)
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| 1794 | The Chetwynds of Ingestre asserts that this Elias was a descendant of an Elias de Oddeston who was a son of John de Verdun (1226-1274) by his first wife, Margaret daughter of Gilbert de Lacy. John, Margaret, and Gilbert certainly existed -- by his second wife, Eleanor de Bohun, John de Verdun is an ancestor of your genealogist's spouse -- but we find no trace of the existence of the alleged "Elias de Oddeston." | de Verdon, Elias (I16185)
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| 1795 | The Coucher Book, Or Chartulary, of Whalley Abbey (citation details below) calls him "Urian de Sancto Petro." | de St. Pierre, John (I15223)
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| 1796 | The Cummings Memorial and The History of Peter Parker and Sarah Ruggles (citation details below) both state that the Elizabeth Blanchard who married Jonathan Cummings was the Elizabeth Blanchard who was a daughter of Joseph Blanchard and Abiah Hassell. As demonstrated by J. Crawford Hartman in 1939 (citation details below), this was in error; that Elizabeth Blanchard, who was this Elizabeth Blanchard's first cousin, married Jonathan Combs. | Blanchard, Elizabeth (I34345)
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| 1797 | The Early History of the Stricklands of Sizergh (citation details below) speculates that he may have been a son of Eustace de Vaux of Castlecarrock, a son of Hubert de Vaux. | de Castlecarrock, Adam (I28335)
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| 1798 | The Gardiners of Narragansett has Peter Wells and his wife Elizabeth Sweet dying, respectively, 16 Sep 1757 and 13 Sep 1757, but a correction on page 249 says that these are the death dates of a different Peter Wells and Elizabeth Sweet, who m. 2 Jul 1746. This other Peter was the son of Jonathan Wells of East Greenwich and the other Elizabeth was the daughter of Richard Sweet of West Greenwich. We are a little dubious about Roscoe L. Whitman's claim (citation details below) that this Peter Wells lived to be 98 years old. | Wells, Peter (I3987)
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| 1799 | The Granberry Family (citation details below) places her as a daughter of the immigrant John Evered alias Webb. Robert Charles Anderson's sketch of that individual (GM 2:2:459) convingly argues that this is unproven. | Hannah (I23321)
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| 1800 | The Great Migration: Immigrants to New England, 1634-1635, Volume I calls him "of Holme-upon-Spalding-Moor, Lancashire, which is incorrect. Holme-upon-Spalding-Moor is in the East Riding of Yorkshire, far away from Lancashire. There is no location inside Lancashire with that name. | Brigham, John (I22942)
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| 1801 | The History and Antiquities of the County of Leicestershire calls her "Agnes." Sister and sole heir to Ralph le Muer, lord of Covenham and Calthorp. | le Muer, Margaret (I5447)
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| 1802 | The History of the Descendants of Elder John Strong (citation details below) and John Lee of Farmington (citation details below) both mistakenly call her Elizabeth Allen. | Allen, Sarah (I18211)
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| 1803 | The History of the Descendants of John Dwight (citation details below) mistakenly calls her Mehitable Ingram. | Ingram, Rebecca (I18284)
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| 1804 | The Jenney Book (citation details below) notes that on 20 May 1697, widow Anne Jenney sold a tract of about one acre to Nathaniel Thomas, and that when Thomas later sold the land in 1710, he called it the "house lot or garden spot in Plymouth that I bought of widow Genne." The Jenney Book further notes that this puts the death of Anne Lettice a decade after the date given for it in the Plymouth church record, 2 or 3 July 1687. | Lettice, Anne (I33915)
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| 1805 | The Paynes of Virginia (citation details below) calls her "Rebecca (Bowen?)", but also notes that "1761 Susannah Bowen died, leaving everything to Peter and Rebecca Jett", which certainly suggests that this Rebecca was a daughter of Stephen Bowen and his wife Susannah Richardson. William L. Deyo, writing many years later, confirms this, based on the subsequent discovery of a will book previously considered lost. | Bowen, Rebecca (I35045)
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| 1806 | The Risley Family History (citation details below) calls her "Beatrix". | Culcheth, Elizabeth (I1269)
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| 1807 | The Scots Peerage (citation details below), which spells her name as we show it here, says she was "probably" a daughter of Walter de Lindsay, sheriff of Berwickshire, Justiciar of Lothian, ambassador to England in 1265, who died in 1271. | de Lindesay, Margaret (I3175)
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| 1808 | The Scots Peerage shows her as a daughter of John Hayburton and Margaret Cameron. Complete Peerage (10:94-95) says she was a daughter of their son Walter by an unknown wife prior to Walter's marriage to Isabel Stewart. We follow CP's model. | Halyburton, Jean (I28997)
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| 1809 | The Wallop Family gives her surname as "Archdeacon." | l'Arcedekne, Florence (I7927)
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| 1810 | The Wallop Family [citation details below] calls her Agnes de Beyle. | Agnes (I5910)
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| 1811 | The Wallop Family [citation details below] calls her Margaret de Greystoke. | de Greystoke, (Unknown) (I6421)
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| 1812 | The Wallop Family [citation details below] gives his surname as "Archdeacon"; The Parochial and Family History of the Deanery of Trigg Minor [citation details below] gives it as "Lercedekne alias Archdekne." Complete Peerage gives the three generations above him as "l'Arcedekne". | l'Arcedekne, Richard (I8110)
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| 1813 | The Wallop Family, History of the Pilkington Family, and the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (citation details below) all call her, evidently incorrectly, a daughter of John de Verdun. | Verdun, Margaret (I19710)
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| 1814 | The Wentworth Genealogy, English and American shows Hannah Chesley as a daughter of James Chesley and Mehitable Waldron, and says that she "married (his first wife) Rev. Avery Hall, pastor of the church in Rochester, N. H., from 15 October 1766 to 10 April 1775; and had two children", but it gives her no birth, death, or marriage dates. Heard-Hurd Genealogy calls her "Mary Chesley", but concurs with other sources in calling her husband Avery Hall and her daughter Mehitable Hall. | Chesley, Hannah (I5714)
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| 1815 | The Wentworth Genealogy (1878) omits this generation, and has Alice Bissett, heir of John Bissett of North Elmsall, marrying the John Wentworth who was brother to this John Wentworth's grandfather William Wentworth (d. 1308), and North Elmshall passing to that John's nephew John (this John's father) after the older John died without surviving issue. We have placed Alice Bissett here instead based on the notes of John P. Ravilious and Brice Clagett. Note that neither of them (to our knowledge) give a name for her father. | Wentworth, John (I8444)
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| 1816 | VCH Lancaster (citation details below) calls him "a turbulent and lawless man." He was killed while fighting the Scots at Berwick-upon-Tweed. | Gerard, Thomas (I35766)
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| 1817 | VCH Lancaster (citation details below), evidently in error, calls her father "Sir Thomas Stanley of Hooton", but nonetheless correctly notes that she was "granddaughter and coheir of Sir John Bromley, by whom the estate of Gerard's Bromley came to this family." | Stanley, Margery (I35804)
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| 1818 | VCH Lancaster says only that she was "daughter of Sir Thomas de Dutton", without spelling out that this was Thomas de Dutton of Dutton, Cheshire (1314-1381). Annals of Warrington (Chetham Society) adds that her father was Thomas de Dutton of Dutton (emphasis ours), which helps. But a footnote to her mention in VCH Lancaster clarifies matters most of all: "John son of Gilbert de Haydock and Joan his wife occur in 1353; she was the widow of Richard le Boteler, with whom she had a third of the Boteler lands; these she took to her second husband, whose heirs retained them, an act which led to disputes between the families not settled till the 16th century. In 1368 a number of family arrangements were made. William de Wigan, chaplain, regranted to John de Haydock and Joan his wife, daughter of Sir Thomas de Dutton, various lands in Newton, with remainders to the children of John and Joan, and then to Sir Lawrence de Dutton [...]" Sir Lawrence de Dutton was the eldest surviving heir to his father Thomas de Dutton of Dutton, Cheshire (1314-1381) and his wife Ellen Thornton. This seems evidence enough to confirm that Joan's father was in fact this Thomas de Dutton. | de Dutton, Joan (I36058)
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| 1819 | Wetmore Memorial says she was sixth in descent from the Rev. John Cotton, first minister of Boston. | Warner, Elizabeth (I16083)
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| 1820 | Wetmore Memorial says that Sarah Taylor Boerum's "great-grandfather, William Boerum, nephew of the patroon Simeon Boerum, equipped at his own expense, a company of dragoons during the Revolutionary war, and commanded them in person." | Boerum, William (I16155)
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| 1821 | Woolson-Fenno Ancestry (citation details below) gives her as "probably a daughter of John and Miriam (Gordon) Worth of Nantucket," presumably meaning John Worth and Miriam Gardner. We have found no evidence that this couple had a daughter named Lydia. | Worth, Lydia (I3457)
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| 1822 | Youngs Family and Ancestors of Welding Ring both give his year of birth as 1545, but this appears to be based on a misreading of sixteenth-century numerals. The record of his ordination at Norwich Cathedral on 21 Dec 1599 says, translated from the original Latin, "Christoferus Younges Bachelor of Arts in his twenty fourth year, made curate of Carlton juxta Kellshale." A second record, on 6 Jun 1600, ordains as a priest "Christoferus Younges deacon, Master of Arts, formerly admitted, in his 25th year, curate of Carlton juxta Kellshall in the County of Suffolk." He was a graduate of Cambridge -- B.A. 1596, M.A 1599. In the chancel floor of the church at Southwold is a brass tablet inscribed: HERE LYETH INTERRED YE BODY OF MR. CHRISTOPHER YONGES WHO DEPTED THIS LIFE YE 14 DAY OF IVNE ANNO DOMINI, 1626, A GOOD MAN FVLL OF FAITH WAS HEE HERE PREACHER OF GODS WORD AND MANIE BY HIS MINISTRIE WEARE ADDED TO THE LORD. (ACT. II 24.) | Yonges, Rev. Christopher (I17451)
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| 1823 |  Arrived in Massachusetts 2 Nov 1631, on the Lyon. Early Massachusetts settler whose personal life and wild habits of owning her own property scandalized Puritan society. She wound up living on Long Island with her third husband. She is the subject of a quite good 1958 historical novel by Anya Seton called The Winthrop Woman. The real indictments laid against her by her detractors were: (1) the suggestion that she began her relationship with her third husband before while still married to her second one (true) and (2) the suggestion that she was not legally divorced from her second husband when she married her third one (probably untrue). Added piquance was provided by the fact that her third husband had been her second husband's business manager. It seems clear, however, that her second husband (1) went insane and (2) essentially abandoned her. Elizabeth Fones (~1610->1655) = William Hallett (~1616-~1706) William Hallett (1648-1669) = Sarah Woolsey (1650-1727) Sarah Hallett (b. 1673) = George Phillips (1664-1739) George Phillips (1698-1771) = Elizabeth Mills (1706-1768) Samuel Phillips (1782-1806) = Sarah Mills (1734-1795) Hannah Phillips (1756-1834) = Daniel Brush (1744-1805) George Phillips Brush (1775-1829) = Polly Keeler (1780-1865) Emeline Keeler Brush (b. 1821) = Harvey Woodworth (b. ~1813) Louisa Mart Woodworth (b. 1842) = Thomas George Maxwell (b. 1835) James Willard Maxwell (b. ~1901) = Adele Thompson (b. ~1903) Mary Maxwell (1929-1994) = William Henry Gates, Jr. (b. ~1926) William Henry "Bill" Gates III (1955- ) | Fones, Elizabeth (I5176)
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| 1824 | A "gateway ancestor," through her mother, but not (yet) a direct ancestor of any of the root persons in this database. | Wyllys, Amy (I19431)
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| 1825 | A "kinswomen of Henry III", according to Complete Peerage. | Helisant (I14332)
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| 1826 | A founder of East Greenwich, Rhode Island, he was granted land for his service in King Philip's War. "He evidently came here directly from Newport, where he had been made a freeman in 1668. His wife was Susannah Griffin." [The History of East Greenwich, Rhode Island 1677-1960] Torrey calls him "Dr. John Spencer." | Spencer, John (I3416)
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| 1827 | A banker of London. | Halliday, Simon (I16986)
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| 1828 | A baron of Henry, earl of Warwick. Possibly a grandson of Hugh II de Montfort of Montfort-sur-Risle and his wife Alice de Beaufort. See note on this Thurstan's son Thurstan. | de Mundford, Thurstan (I5507)
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| 1829 | A baron of the bishopric of Durham. | Conyers, Roger (I21469)
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| 1830 | A benefactor to the canons of Cockersand. | de Worsley, Richard (I16740)
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| 1831 | A blacksmith and gunsmith who came to Northampton in 1659. Served as town clerk, magistrate, selectman, deputy to the General Court and town treasurer. | Pomeroy, Deacon Medad (I18379)
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| 1832 | A blacksmith, he represented Saybrook several times in the general assembly of Connecticut. Referred to as "late deceased" in a document dated 13 Jan 1725/6, reproduced on page 347 of F. W. Chapman's The Pratt Family (citation details below). | Pratt, Ensign John (I22349)
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| 1833 | A Boston merchant and banker who grew wealthy on railroad investments. From the Diary of Charles Francis Adams, 24 July 1836: "In the evening Mr. and Mrs. I. Sargent came in for the first time. There appears to be a disposition on their part to cultivate our society which I would not reject, and yet to me he is not interesting." | Sargent, Ignatius (I5172)
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| 1834 | A brief article about him as a diarist, "a busy man of affairs, devoted to his wife and family, at the center of a network of inter-related clans," can be found here on the NEHGS's Vita Brevis blog. He and his wife were ancestors of Abigail Adams and John Quincy Adams. Adam Winthrop (1548-1623) = Anne Browne (d. 1629) Lucy Winthrop (1600-1679) = Emanuel Downing (1585->1660) Lucy Downing (d. 1698) = William Norton (d. 1694) Rev. John Norton (~1651-1716) = Mary Mason (d. 1740) Elizabeth Norton (b. 1696) = John Quincy (1689-1767) Elizabeth Quincy (1721-1775) = Rev. William Smith (1707-1783) Abigail Smith (1744-1818) = John Adams (1735-1826), 2nd US president John Quincy Adams (1767-1848), 6th US president | Winthrop, Adam (I8568)
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| 1835 | A brother of the Byzantine emperor Nikephoros III Botaneiates, whose family claimed descent from the Byzantine Phokas family but whose immediate ancestry is hazy. | Synadenos, Theodul (I21264)
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| 1836 | A butcher, he was in Charlestown before 1640. | Nash, Robert (I22230)
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| 1837 | A Byzantine military leader in Asia Minor. | Angelos, Andronikos Doukas (I7180)
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| 1838 | A canon of Canterbury Cathedral. | Byrd, Rev. Richard (I18554)
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| 1839 | A card in the California State Library Biographical Index Cards collection gives the date of their marriage as 16 Nov 1937. However, ASF notes that the 1938 city directory of San Jose shows Zoe J Hames (described as "reporter Merchants Assn") still living with her parents at 424 N 16th. She and John Dennis Foley are definitely married by the time of the 1940 census. | Family F18627
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| 1840 | A carpenter, he is first seen in Boston in 1639. Also spelled Blanton, Blantaine, Blandon, and even (!) Plantagne. His will mentions "my Eldest Brothr Ralph Blantine" and "John Blantine, my Second Brothr", "these two was borne in ye parish of Vpton vpon Seauerns in Wostershire." His will also explains that he is bequeathing relatively little to his son William "because he win not hearken to my counsel." He owned land in Muddy River, now Brookline, Massachusetts, and was involved with the iron works at Taunton. | Blantine, William (I27635)
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| 1841 | A carriage maker. | Prence, Thomas (I169)
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| 1842 | A Christian concubine, variously asserted as Basque or Frankish. | Muzna (I8254)
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| 1843 | A churchwarden of Binfield in 1616, his clear signature suggests he was an educated man. | Swaine, William (I20441)
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| 1844 | A citizen and mercer of London. Lord Mayor of London, 1465. Sheriff of London (jointly with John Styward), 1456. Alderman of London, 1457-78. Knighted by Edward IV on 21 May 1470, following a successful defense of London against a company of bandits led by Thomas Fauconbridge. MP for London 1459, 1469, 1472-75. | Verney, Ralph Mayor of London (I20011)
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| 1845 | A cleric, he occurs in Domesday for Suffolk as a tenant of Bury St. Edmunds. | Ailbold (I14432)
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| 1846 | A close ally of John, who appointed him Archbishop of Canterbury; the rejection of this appointment by higher ecclesiastical authority was for many years a source of tension between John and the church. | de Grey, John Bishop of Norwich (I7143)
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| 1847 | A cloth merchant of Halifax. | Saltonstall, Gilbert (I14430)
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| 1848 | A clothier in Braintree, Essex. Owner of much property there, including houses, orchards, and fields. | Marsh, John (I2252)
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| 1849 | A clothier. He inherited copyhold land in the manor of Chevythorn, Tiverton from his father; at his death he had five manors in Devon and Cornwall and much other property. | Prowse, John (I18672)
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| 1850 | A commander at the Battle of the Standard, following which he was created Earl of Derby by Stephen. | de Ferrers, Robert (I1616)
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| 1851 | A cooper, merchant, etc. | Breck, John (I22782)
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| 1852 | A cooper. | Merriman, George (I2107)
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| 1853 | A count and farmer (hacendado) in Tierra de Campos. | Oláliz, Fáfila (I12942)
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| 1854 | A count in what is now the Netherlands. | de Montaigu, Lambert (I24505)
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| 1855 | A count. | Diaz, Alfonso (I12947)
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| 1856 | A courtier and survivor at the court of Henry VIII, perhaps best described as a combination of Littlefinger and the Vicar of Bray. Sheriff of Wiltshire, 1522-23. Esquire of the body to Henry VIII by 1522. Knight of the shire for Wiltshire, 1529 and 1539. Burgess for Wilton in 1542. "[H]e was an astute courtier who served in the royal household (he was vice-chamberlain to all save the first of Henry VIII's wives) and on military expeditions to the Scottish borders and France, as well as in local affairs. He sat in the parliaments of 1529 and 1539 as a knight of the shire for Wiltshire, and in that of 1542 as a burgess for Wilton. Probably during his association with Thomas Cromwell he began the family tradition of strong protestantism, and at the dissolution he gained much former monastic land in and near Wiltshire, especially the site of Stanley Abbey and sixteen of its manors. He built an imposing manor house at Bromham, which was said to be almost as large as the king's new court at Whitehall, and which remained the family's chief residence until demolished during the civil war. [Oxford Dictionary of National Biography] | Baynton, Edward (I21494)
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| 1857 | A Courtney Patrick appears in the 1800 census of Hertford County, North Carolina with sons under 10. | Sykes, Courtney (I4922)
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| 1858 | A descendant of Harold II, King of England. He and his wife Anna/Agnes were 5Xgreat-grandparents to Philippa of Hainaut, wife of Edward III. | Béla III King of Hungary, Croatia, Dalmatia, and Rama (I21258)
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| 1859 | A descendant of Robert II, king of France (d. 1031); see The Royal Descent of 900 Immigrants by Gary Boyd Roberts (Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2018), volume 2, p.855. | Leete, William Governor of the New Haven Colony; Governor of Connecticut (I12213)
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| 1860 | A Domesday tenant in chief in Cambridgeshire and Bedfordshire. Suggested by K. S. B. Keats-Roham as the probable father of Reginald, but this is not known for certain. "At this time the name David -- like many other Biblical names -- was evidently very uncommon both in Normandy and England. Only one other land-holder with this name is mentioned in the entire Domesday Book: David 'Latimer', or the Interpreter. Keats-Rohan suggests that this David, who was a tenant of William de Braose in Dorset, was probably identical with the David 'de Argentomo' of Cambridgeshire and Bedfordshire. William came from Briouze-Saint-Gervais, in the arrondissement of Argentan, and feudal relationships in Normandy were often replicated in England after the Norman Conquest." [Chris Phillips, citation details below.] | de Argentein, David (I4567)
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| 1861 | A Dominican, he was the first Kentucky-born Catholic priest. | Willett, Rev. William Thomas (I877)
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| 1862 | A family story has it that they eloped and married in Tennessee, where the age to marry without parental consent was (allegedly) lower. But the actual record of their marriage shows this to be untrue. They were married by the Rev. Henry Patrick in Williamsburg, Whitley County, Kentucky, on 4 Jan 1899. The record includes two laid-in notes handwritten on small pieces of ruled paper. One reads "Jan the 4. 1899. We have no objection to Alfred White and Mary Freeman a mering [sic]. John Freeman, Stase Freeman". The other is substantially illegible, but it's clearly signed "J. N. White". | Family F4170
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| 1863 | A farmer and blacksmith. | Franklin, Thomas (I20879)
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| 1864 | A farmer at Northampton until 1709, when at age 70 he and his family removed to Coventry, Connecticut. | Strong, Jedediah (I14765)
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| 1865 | A farmer at Northampton until 24 Aug 1696, when he removed to Lebanon, Connecticut. Killed by native Americans. | Strong, Jedediah (I23740)
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| 1866 | A farmer of Bethlehem, Connecticut. | Thompson, Amos Hard (I13385)
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| 1867 | A favorite of Henry III. "Amauri de St. Amand was in the King's service, March 1216/7. In 1226 he was serving in Ireland. In 1230 he fought in Henry's expedition overseas; in 1231 was joint constable of castles in co. Pembroke, and joint negotiator of a truce with Llewelyn. In 1232, joint Keeper of St. James de Beuvron (La Manche); in January 1232/3, the King's messenger to the Duke of Brittany; by July, a knight; later in 1233, on official service in the Marches of Wales. The King's Steward or joint Steward, 1233 certainly till 1240; January 1233/4, joint Constable of the Marches; in May, Keeper of Hereford, &c., acting as sheriff until 1240; Keeper of St. Briavel, &c., June 1234, with renewals till his death; in July, in joint control of the King's expenditure in Brittany. In June 1239 he was one of the nine godfathers of Prince Edward. He married, 1stly,-----; and, 2ndly, between July 1214 and Dec. 1222, as her 5th husband, Iseult, daughter of William Pantulf of Breedon, Leics (died 1194), by Joan, daughter of Piers de Goldington and Eve his wife, and (perhaps after the death s.p. of a brother) her father's coheir and ultimately heir. He died between Easter and September 1241, on the journey to the Holy Land on which he set out in 1240, with Simon de Montfort, as followers of Richard, Earl of Cornwall." [Complete Peerage] | de St. Amand, Amauri (I9299)
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| 1868 | A footnote (c) to CP's entry on her son Sir Ralph Bulmer says that she "was aged 15 at the feast of St. Hilary (probably b. at Theophania or Tiphaine, i.e., Epiphany), 1268/9." St. Hilary's feast day is January 13. Citing the Oxford Dictionary of English Christian Names by Elizabeth Gidley Withycombe (1947), the Wikipedia article about the given name Tiffany says that it is "an English form of the Greek Theophania. It was formerly often given to children born on the feast of Theophania, that is, Epiphany." Epiphany is traditionally celebrated on January 6. | de Morwick, Tiphaine (I2236)
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| 1869 | A forester of Macclesfield forest, 1287. | Downes, Robert (I1408)
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| 1870 | A founder -- according to some accounts, the founder primus inter parus -- of Southold on Long Island. | Youngs, Rev. John (I22545)
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| 1871 | A founder of Dedham and the founder of Medfield. "On 1 February 1644 a Dedham town meeting voted for the first free (public) school in Massachusetts, to be supported by town taxes. Ralph Wheelock was the first teacher at this school, and hence the first tax-supported public school teacher in the colonies. Three years later, in 1647, the General Court decreed that every town with 50 or more families must build a school supported by public taxes." [Wikipedia] "RALPH WHEELOCK, A.M., b. Shropshire, England, 1600; Clare Hall, Cambridge, A.B., 1626/7; A.M., 1631; ordained deacon by the Bishop of Peterborough, Sept. 20, 1629; came to New England, 1637; resided first at Watertown and Dedham; a founder of the First Church in Dedham, 1638; Deputy to the General Court, 1639, 1640, from Dedham; preached at Dedham and Medfield; admitted freeman, 1638; founder of Medfield, 1650; Rep. General Court from Medfield, 1653, 1663, 1664, 1666, and 1667; appointed, Sept. 27, 1642, by the General Court, Clerk of the writs, and one of the commissioners to end small causes, in Dedham; authorized to 'solemnize marriages,' Oct. 1645; great-grand-father of Rev. Eleazer Wheelock, D.D., founder and first president of Dartmouth College who was the father of Rev. John Wheelock, D.D., the second president of Dartmouth College ; d. Medfield, Jan 11, 1683/4, a. 84." [The Colonial Clergy and the Colonial Churches of New England by Frederick Lewis Weis. Lancaster, Massachusetts, 1936.] Note that no proof has been found that he was born in Shropshire, and that the records of Cambridge University show him beginning his studies there in 1623, which suggests he was more likely born about 1605. | Wheelock, Rev. Ralph (I23201)
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| 1872 | A founding settler of Portsmouth, Rhode Island, he became its first recorder and served various other roles in the town's government. Wikipedia entry here". "PHILIP, Roxbury, came in 1633, a single man, freem. 14 May 1634, first on the list aft. Gov. Haynes, m. Sarah Odding, d. of John Porter's w. by former h. went home early, but soon came again, and was led away, says the ch. rec. to familism by Porter, disarm. Nov. 1637, and banish. next yr. went to R. I. there sign the compact of civil governm. Mar. 1638, was Secr. or Recorder of the Col. 1648, and was rep. 1656. See Callender, 30. As secr. he was happy eno. to have a descend. at 1857, prob. at seventh generat. fill. the same post; but I can hardly indicate the line. He had Samson and Samuel, perhaps more." [James Savage, A Genealogical Dictionary of the First Settlers of New England] According to Ancestral Lines (citation details below), he and his wife were ancestors of Herbert Hoover and Winston Churchill. | Sherman, Philip (I4724)
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| 1873 | A Frankish nobleman who came to Italy in the early tenth century. Count of Auriate from about 906 to his death. | Roger (I3411)
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| 1874 | A gentleman usher of the king's chamber. | Strangeways, James (I29910)
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| 1875 | A Ghibelline, he is shown in Canto 33 of Dante's Inferno murdering his father-in-law Michel Zancha, whom he had invited to a feast. | Doria, Branca (I25351)
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| 1876 | A graduate of Cambridge, he was rector of Stevenage from 1598 to his death. | Pratt, Rev. William (I5247)
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| 1877 | A graduate of Princeton in 1765, he was the Congregational minister of the parish of Westminster, in Canterbury, Connecticut, for over thirty years. | Staples, Rev. John (I14523)
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| 1878 | A graduate of Wittenberg College in Springfield, Ohio, he became a Lutheran clergyman, serving churches in Ohio and Indiana. | Smith, Rev. Martin Luther (I31271)
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| 1879 | A great-great granddaughter of Edward I, Eleanor de Bohun became a nun at Barking Abbey sometime not long after her husband's death. | de Bohun, Eleanor (I17760)
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| 1880 | A high official who held the titles of megas droungarios and pansebastos. | Kamateros, Andronikos Doukas (I14223)
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| 1881 | A Huguenot, from France. | Blanshan, Matthew (I21207)
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| 1882 | A justice for Berkshire in 1226. | de Englefield, Alan (I13357)
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| 1883 | A justice itinerant. | de Englefield, John (I12092)
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| 1884 | A justice of England, but not, as sometimes asserted, the chief justiciar. Died as a monk. From the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "Basset, Ralph (d. 1127?), justice, was included by the chronicler Orderic Vitalis in his list of new men raised from the dust by Henry I, men allegedly of obscure birth who rose by their service to Henry and acquired great wealth in the process. He came from Montreuil-au-Houlme near Argentan in Normandy, not far from the abbey of St Évroul where Orderic was a monk and to which Ralph was a benefactor. In England either Ralph Basset the justice or an earlier namesake was in 1086 an under-tenant of Robert (I) d'Oilly at Marsworth in Buckinghamshire and Tiscot in Hertfordshire. He could also have been connected with Robert d'Oilly in Normandy, given that Robert may have come from Ouilly-le-Basset. [...] "Between 1110 and 1127 Basset was one of the most prominent of Henry I's justices, and was described by the chronicler Henry of Huntingdon as one of the 'justices of all England', a description which indicates the geographical scope of his authority, as opposed to those who acted for the king only in their own locality. As such he was an early example of a royal justice who conducted local visitations to investigate the administration of the king's rights, setting a precedent for the later general eyres. Two sessions where he presided have become well known. The first took place at Huntingdon, where a man named Bricstan was brought to trial for concealment of treasure, a case reported by Orderic Vitalis. At the second, according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Basset was responsible for hanging forty-four thieves in 1124 at 'Hundehoge', probably Huncote in Leicestershire." | Basset, Ralph (I7280)
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| 1885 | A king's assessor in 1394 and 1400. | Danvers, Richard (I10918)
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| 1886 | A king's justiciar. | Brito, Ralf (I1544)
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| 1887 | A kinswoman in some fashion to queen Eleanor of Provence, wife of Henry III. | Isabel (I13054)
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| 1888 | A kinswomen, in some manner, of William de Edington, Bishop of Winchester. | de Cormailles, Gouda (I18096)
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| 1889 | A knight be 1321. Commissioner of array for Lancashire to lead 3000 men to Carlisle against the Scots, 1322, and to lead 1000 footmen to Newcastle against the Scots, 1323. Knight of the shire for Lancaster, 1322, 1326 and 1327. ***** The following nonsense is from "The Pedigree of de Hoghton of Hoghton Tower", Visitors Information Brochure: General Statement of Hoghton family pedigree: The de Hoghtons are of ancient lineage, descended from Harvey de Walter, one of the companions of William the Conqueror, and through the female line from the Lady Godiva of Coventry, wife of Leofric III the Great, Earl of Mercia. After the third generation from the Norman Conquest, Richard and William de Hoghton first assumed the family name around 1150. The great-grandson, Sir Adam de Hoghton, was knighted and died in 1290. Sir Richard de Hoghton 1316-1345, Knight of the shire in the Parliaments of 1322-27-37. Married Sybilla de Lea, direct descendant of the Lady Godiva, whose lands in Lea still form part of the Hoghton Estates. Warden of the Ports, knighted by Edward III in 1336 and given permission to empark in 1327. It was from Lea Hall (his private residence), that Thomas Hoghton went into exile in 1569, having rebuilt Hoghton Tower 1560-1565. [Needless to say, "Harvey de Walter" is not one of the fifteen proven companions of William the Conqueror. And any connection to the mostly-mythical "Lady Godiva" is unknown to us. --PNH] | de Hoghton, Richard (I8440)
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| 1890 | A knight by 1405-06, having been pardoned in 1403 for "taking part with Henry Percy the son, surnamed Hotspur." [Ormerod, citation details below.] | Dutton, Peter (I15578)
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| 1891 | A knight in 1275. In return for holding his land he was required to render twelve barbed arrows without feathers at each coming of the King to Nottingham. | de Colewick, Philip (I36049)
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| 1892 | A knight in 1334. | de Colewick, John (I9090)
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| 1893 | A knight of St. John of Jerusalem. | de Cotton, Hugh (I2163)
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| 1894 | A knight of the shire for Herefordshire in 1368 and 1372. The Complete Peerage calls him "patron of the living of Almeley, temp Edward III." | Oldcastle, John (I27229)
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| 1895 | A knight. | van de Lede, Herbaren (I23926)
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| 1896 | A large landowner, he represented Lyme in the General Court in 1670, and from 1672 to 1676. | Marvin, Lt. Reinold (I23004)
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| 1897 | A law counsellor in Ipswich and steward of Charles Veysey, gentleman, and his wife Katherine, for the manor of Toppesfield Hall in Hadleigh, Suffolk. | Hamby, Robert (I21325)
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| 1898 | A lawyer of the Inner Temple, in London. He came to New England in 1638 with his second wife, Lucy, and settled at Salem, but returned to England several times and ultimately died in Scotland. A son by his second wife, Sir George Downing, held various positions under Cromwell: minister to Holland, secretary to the Treasury, and Scout Master General of the Parliamentary army. From Abandoning America (citation details below): Emmanuel Downing was a lawyer of Inner Temple, London. He married Lucy, a sister of John Winthrop, in 1622. He had grown up in Ipswich and attended Trinity Hall, Cambridge. He worked in Dublin for a time but came back to London in 1626. He was an adventurer in the Massachusetts Bay Company from the start, and acted as the Company's attorney in England. He also looked after John Winthrop's business interests after Winthrop left for New England in 1630. Some of Downing's children -– James, Mary and Susan -– preceded him to New England, c. 1633. Emmanuel and Lucy Downing emigrated in 1638, with their son George Downing, at Winthrop's encouragement. Downing, an investor and entrepreneur as well as a lawyer, settled in Salem, Massachusetts. He was admitted to the church on 4 November 1638, and as a freeman on 14 March 1638/9. He became recorder of deeds for Salem on 7 October 1640, and kept that office into the 1650s. He was active in town government and often acted as a representative at the Massachusetts General Court. Before Hugh Peter, Thomas Weld and William Hibbins returned to England as agents for Massachusetts in 1641, Downing briefed them on legal matters relating to the colony's charter. Downing seems to have made three visits to England before he returned home for good in 1654. He was in England on business, c. October 1642 to c. June 1643. On this occasion he acted as an attorney for Adam Winthrop, and aided John Winthrop Jr (with Hugh Peter and Thomas Weld) to promote investment in the Saugus ironworks. Downing returned to New England but set sail for England again in December 1644. On 25 February 1644/5 he reported his arrival in London. The Massachusetts General Court had directed him to gather evidence against Thomas Morton. He also handled business for the Saugus ironworks, including the recruitment of Richard Leader as manager. Downing was associated with a scheme promoted by Hugh Peter and Thomas Weld, to send poor children from England to New England. Downing fell under suspicion (with Nehemiah Bourne) of pocketing some of the money raised by Peter and Weld. He sailed for New England in May 1645 and was back there by August. With Bourne, Thomas Fowle and Robert Sedgwick, Downing led a petition against laws restricting the presence of strangers and prohibiting anabaptists, arguing that these colonial policies were deeply unpopular among the godly in England. His son George Downing left New England for good in 1645. Before long, Downing visited England for a third time: he was there in May 1647, but came back to Boston by June 1648. Downing was keenly aware of temptations to return to England: he had heard John Davenport and Theophilus Eaton might go; he knew Hugh Peter was urging John Winthrop Jr to take up opportunities back home. Emmanuel Downing's fourth journey to England was his last. He received a letter from Hugh Peter in the winter of 1652/3, asking him to come to England, with his wife Lucy. He suspected 'George would have us retorne, and putts Mr Peters upon the invitation'. On 25 September 1654, Emmanuel Downing declared he intended to travel back to England with Robert Sedgwick within two months. He sailed that winter. Stephen Winthrop reported, 11 March 1654/5, that Downing had recently arrived in London. By this time George Downing's star was rising as scoutmaster-general in Scotland. Emmanuel Downing joined him there and quickly became clerk to the new Council of Scotland, established in May 1655 (of which Samuel Desborough was also a member). Later, Downing welcomed Fitz John Winthrop to Scotland. His wife Lucy and daughter Martha joined him in Edinburgh by 1658. Emmanuel Downing died in Edinburgh in 1659. Lucy Downing lived on in England until her death in 1679, in straitened circumstances -- reliant on her son George, who was notoriously rich and notoriously mean. | Downing, Emanuel (I15389)
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| 1899 | A lawyer. | Cotton, Roland (I27019)
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| 1900 | A legatee in the will of his grandfather David Wilton, he received much land in Northampton, Massachusetts, and was later a deacon of the church there. He served as one of the Northampton soldiers in King William's War. | Marshall, Samuel (I1669)
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| 1901 | A London mercer. Sheriff of London in 1441. | Rich, Richard (I20730)
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| 1902 | A London West India merchant. A director of the East India Company (1784), the South Sea Company (1793), and the Russia Company. | Boehm, Edmund (I29786)
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| 1903 | A lord in Languedoc, possibly in what is now Salvetat-sur-Agout. | de Fargues, Jacques (I31665)
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| 1904 | A lot of trees show this individual as "Andrew Jackson Patrick." We're dubious, because in 1805, the famous Andrew Jackson (1767-1845) was not yet a figure after whom many people were naming their children. He had served one term as Tennessee's lone member of the House of Representatives, subsequently being elected to the Senate from Tennessee, but he resigned his Senate seat after a single year. By 1805 he was merely a judge of Tennessee's Supreme Court; his military successes and his time on the national stage were well off in the future. We think the idea that his name was "Andrew Jackson Patrick" comes from confusion with his nephew Andrew Jackson Patrick (1824-1886), born in the year of Andrew Jackson's first Presidential campaign, who certainly was named that. The census listings we've seen for this individual, however, simply call him "Andrew" or "Andy". And his gravestone reads simply "Rev. Andrew Patrick". | Patrick, Rev. Andrew (I11686)
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| 1905 | A Loyalist, he was a resident of Yonge Street. | Hill, Thomas (I25860)
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| 1906 | A magistrate in Westmoreland County, Virginia. | Lord, Capt. John (I35755)
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| 1907 | A magistrate of Brooklyn in 1661, 1662, and 1664. A deacon of the Brooklyn Dutch church in 1663. Removed to Flatlands around 1677. Appears to have moved to Monmouth, New Jersey around 1709. | van Couwenhoven, Willem Gerretse (I23546)
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| 1908 | A maidservant, she arrived in 1632. | Short, Rebecca (I11397)
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| 1909 | A major early Mormon, appointed in 1849 to the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. Organizer of multiple settlements in Utah, Idaho, and California. Subject of two books, Leonard J. Arrington, Charles C. Rich: Mormon General and Western Frontiersman (1974) by Leonard J. Arrington, the pre-eminent modern historian of Mormonism, and Charles Coulson Rich: Pioneer Builder of the West (1936) by John Henry Evans. | Rich, Charles Coulson (I89)
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| 1910 | A member of parliament, whether by writ or as a shire knight we're unaware. | Lyons, John (I13675)
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| 1911 | A member of the Company of Drapers. Lord Mayor of London in 1464-65 and again in 1476. Member of Parliament for London in 1467. Created a Knight of the Bath by Edward IV at the coronation of his queen, Elizabeth Woodville. "In his mayoralty Sir Ralph had the wall of London repaired between Aldgate and Aldersgate and the Fleet Ditch cleaned. He also corrected the abuses of the bakers and victuallers. In 1471, in the Wars of the Roses, when the Kentish levies under Thomas Neville, the Bastard of Fauconbridge, attacked Bishopsgate and Aldgate, London, in an attempt to rescue Henry VI from his imprisonment in the Tower, Sir Ralph raised forces and, sallying forth, defeated Neville and his men." [French, citation details below.] The church at Long Melford, Suffolk has a stained glass window depciting Sir Robert Clifford, his wife Elizabeth, and her first husband, Sir Ralph Jocelyn. | Jocelyn, Sir Ralph Mayor of London (I27721)
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| 1912 | A member of the Inner Temple, he spent most of his life in the household of Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk; he eventually became its treasurer. | Blennerhasset, John (I30938)
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| 1913 | A member of the Inner Temple, he was knighted after the battle of Stoke. | Littleton, William (I13566)
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| 1914 | A member of the royal household from 1443 to 1460. M.P. in 1447. Escheater of Norfolk and Suffolk 1464-65. | Clere, Edmund (I16930)
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| 1915 | A member of the West County St. Maur (Sancto Mauro) family whose descendants included the Seymour family of Jane Seymour (d. 1537), third wife of Henry VIII. They took their name from Saint-Maure-sur-Loire in Maine-et-Loire, France, where allegedly St. Maurus (512-584) founded Glanfeuil Abbey, the first Benedictine monastery in Gaul. (St. Maurus, the first disciple of Benedict of Nursia, definitely existed, but the monastery was almost certainly founded by someone else.) From The Knights Templar in Somerset (citation details below): The Curia Regis rolls document that Ralph of St. Maur was the son of Thomas St. Maur and his wife Juliane. He had an older brother, Peter, and another brother, Milo. Thomas and Juliane also had a daughter Rohesia. Ralph's maternal grandfather was Anketil, though whether this was the frequently documented "Anketil of Chewton" is unknown, as Anketil was a common name at the time. | St. Maur, Thomas (I29677)
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| 1916 | A memoir of his daughter Mary Elizabeth Bingham, by her daughter Barbara Ann Phelps, calls him "Calvin Perry Bingham." From The Bingham Family in the United States, citation details below: Calvin and his family were with the earliest Mormon groups to move across America. The oldest child of Lucius Augustus, Calvin was born in NY, lived in Upper Canada as a child, and by 1840 when he was thirteen, lived with the Mormon group in Henderson, Knox Co IL. About 1848, probably in IA after the Mormons moved to Pottawattamie Co, Calvin married Elizabeth Lucretia Thorn. He, his wife and her entire family, mother and siblings lived in one household in 1850. Between 1853 and 1867, Calvin and his family lived in several different UT settlements. They then lived for about ten years in Montpelier, Bear Lake Co ID before returning to Box Elder Co UT by 1880. After Calvin died in AZ in 1883, wife Elizabeth moved to Vernal, Uintah Co UT where she lived with grown children William and Alice in 1900. Posted to ancestry.com by user NORDSEEKER, with the remark: "This account was written by their great grandson, Wes Martin. I don't know where he got all the information, but I found it typed on the back of a family group sheet in his genealogy book." "Calvin Bingham was the son of Lucius and Sarah Stone Bingham. He was born Sept. 7, 1827 in Fowler, St. Lawrence County, New York. He was the oldest of eight children: four brothers--Benjamin, Augustus, Perry, and Prosper-- and three sisters: Emeline, Lucy, and MaryJane. "His mother died about 1849. His father remarried but never came west to Utah. Calvin was baptized into the Mormon church at the age of seventeen in Bannock County, Illinois in 1844. "Elizabeth Lucretia Thorn was the daughter of Ashael and Sarah Lester Thorn, born in Monrovia, Cayuga county, New York on March 25, 1832. She was the second child in a family of ten: three boys--William L., Richard, and Isaac, and seven girls--Maryann, Sarah, Nancy, Lydia, Abigale, Barbara Ann, and Elizabeth Lucretia. Her mother died about 1852 and her father re-married Elizabeth Lusk, a widow. They came west with his family. "Calvin and Elizabeth were married December 18, 1848 in Pottawatamie, Iowa. Sarah and Calvin were born to them here. In 1853 they and several other members of the Thorn family moved west to Utah settleing in the West Weber area (now known as Uintah). Their third child, Mary Elizabeth, was born here. While living in Uintah, Calvin was called to serve in Col. Johnson's army. They were among the saints that made the move south--leaving their homes to be burned if necessary. On returning they settled in Farmington, Utah, where Lucy Melissa, their fourth child, was born. Later they moved to Three Mile Creek which is now known as Perry, Utah. In about 1857, the Ashael Thorn family moved here too and they built their homes near each other. Barbara Ann, their fifth child was born here. Three years later in 1860 they moved to Hyrum, Utah. "Being among the first settlers in Hyrum, they took an active part in civic and church activities. Calvin became the first Bishop of Hyrum and was loved and remembered by people for a great many years. Two more children were born to them here, Anna Marie and Ashael. "In 1865 they were called to settle the Bear Lake, Idaho area. They settled in Montpelier where due to very harsh winters, they lost their crops. Very discouraged, they returned to Hyrum, Utah. Their son, William Augustus, was born here in Montpelier. "About 1868 they returned to Montpelier. Elizabeth taught the first school in town--teaching out of their small log home. Another daughter, Lydia Emeline, was born to them here. Later, they built a large home on the banks of the creek that ran through town. Their last two children were born here--Orissa Vilate and Alice. Orissa Vilate died at nine months old. Also at this residence, their daughter, Lucy Melissa Bigham Williams, died after giving birth to a baby girl. She was only eighteen years old. This two week old baby girl was raised by her grandparents, Calvin and Elizabeth. "In 1878, the Binghams, their married son and daughters, and a large group of other people left Montpelier intending to go to Arizona and settle an area there. But upon reaching Salem, Utah, they decided to stop there for a year or so. The Perry Bingham family and the Robert H. Williams family were among those that settled in Salem for that short time. In 1880, with several other families including the Alonzo Bingham family, Calvin and Elizabeth headed for Arizona again. They stopped in St. Johns, Arizona where their daughter, Anna Marie and husband William were living. They stayed there until 1891 when they moved to St. David, Arizona. Arriving on Christmas Day, they joined others of the original group who had settled that area and started up a freighting business. This business engaged in the freight business between Benson, Tombstone and Bisbee. Although Calvin was a blacksmith by trade, he found freighting more profitable. So he bought a team of large horses to go with the team he already had, and followed this occupation for a little more than a year. "Calvin Bingham left his home with a wagon loaded with freight for Bisbee, about 56 miles from St. David. On the following day, May 27,1883, while going down a steep grade, his freight wagon upset pinning him under the wagon and causing his death. "His body was brought home by three men from his ward. Funeral services were held in the ward at St. David May 29, 1883. Speakers were Patriarch P.C. Merrill, President David P. Kimball, J.H. Martineau, Bishop Henry Horn, and S.B. Merrill, who all spoke highly of the integrity, faithfullness and honesty of Calvin. After the death of her husband, Elizabeth Lucretia Bingham, with her family consisting of the younger children Ashael, William, Emeline, Lucy Jane, a grand-daughter, and Alice moved to Mesa, Arizona where her three oldest children, Clarinda, Mary Elizabeth Phelps, and Calvin Perry Bingham lived. She had only been there a short time when another sorrow came into her life. Ashael, then 23 years old, had an appendicitis attack and died just four months after his father's death. "The family spent three years in Mesa and then returned to their former home in Montpelier, Idaho. Then in 1888 they moved to Vernal, Utah where Lucretia spent the remainder of her life. She was a faithful LDS woman and worked in the Relief Society organization. While in Montpelier she had been called to work among the sick and dying. She helped make burial clothes and to dress and lay out the dead. She underwent many hardships of the early pioneers. She learned to be thrifty and to economize so she could feed and clothe her family. It is said that when she bought a piece of calico, she would tear a quilt block from it for the quilt she was making. She made very nice quilts that were the envy of her friends and neighbors. Thread was expensive, so she would ravel out cloth to sew her blocks together with. She taught her 11 children to be thrifty and industrious too. She passed away at her home in Vernal Nov. 28, 1903 as a result of a heart attack." | Bingham, Calvin (I9917)
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| 1917 | A memoir of the life of Laura Clark Phelps and her daughter Mary Phelps Rich, written by the latter, is here. A memoir of the life of Laura Clark Phelps, written by Morris Calvin Phelps, is here. From "Courage a legend as she faced mobs," by John L. Hart, Church News, "Authorized News Web Site of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints", 19 Jun 2004: History sometimes turns on small, even unknown, hinges and personalities. Such is the case with Laura Clark Phelps, a little-known Church member of deep personal courage who stood up to mobs as she and her husband, Morris Charles Phelps, experienced the brunt of mob and civil persecution in Missouri from 1832-39. Laury, as she called herself, was born to Timothy Baldwin and Polly Keeler Clark in New Fairfield, Conn., on July 28, 1807. When she was about age 17, she met her future husband. He had come to Lawrence County, Ill., to visit his Keneippe relatives. They were married two years later, in 1826. They were living in the Chicago, Ill., area, when they heard news of a new religion and of a prophet who translated a book from gold plates. They heard further that their friends Isaac M. Morley and Edward Partridge had joined this new religion and missionaries were on their way to Chicago. Not long after, Elders Lyman Wight and John Correll arrived and found the Phelps to be eager listeners and believers who were baptized in 1831. (History of Morris Phelps, unpublished, compiled by descendants and written by Rose Openshaw.) Within a year the couple responded to the call to relocate in Missouri. They arrived in Jackson County in 1832, and made a home near Independence. They were given land on "a little prairie" outside of town where they homesteaded for a year and a half. In the fall of 1833, they had their first taste of mob oppression. Mobs were not unusual on the American frontier during the 19th century. Vigilante action was the unwritten law and it was broadly exercised at the whim of community leaders for various causes. The conflict began in Independence when the original settlers became alarmed as converts with different beliefs came pouring in and established essentially a well-ordered, free and closed community that contrasted dramatically with the existing open, unruly slave-state frontier. (See Encyclopedia of Mormonism, Church History, p. 344-350.) In the first mob response, "between 40 and 50 persons in number, many of whom were armed with guns, proceeded against a branch of the Church, west of the Big Blue, and unroofed and partly demolished 10 houses; and amid the shrieks and screams of the women and children, whipped and beat in a savage and brutal manner, several of the men: while their horrid threats frightened women and children into the wilderness." (History of the Church 1:426.) The Phelpses fled with most of the saints in bitter cold to Clay County. While in Clay County on a rented farm, they were visited by Joseph Smith, who held meetings in their home and blessed their children. Brother Phelps was called on a mission to Indiana, Ohio and Illinois where among his converts were his wife's parents. He also stopped to help build the Kirtland Temple, and, receiving an inheritance from his parents, established a farm and started a store. (Phelps History.) Again the mobs came in a similar manner, and the Prophet advised, "We know not what we shall be called to pass through before Zion is delivered and established" (HC 1:450). They fled to Far West, Mo., where Brother Phelps purchased a farm on June 2, 1837. Sometime afterwards, between the end of October and the first of November, Joseph Smith arrived at the new settlement to conduct Church affairs. During that time, mobs again pressed forward. One day they began chasing Joseph and one of his brothers, likely Hyrum, and the two ran from the mob and sought refuge in the Phelps home. "Laura hid them in her house behind the clothes curtain," wrote her husband later. "When the mob rushed in and their leader said, 'Where are they? We know they are here. We saw them come,' she answered calmly and with apparent unconcern. 'No, gentlemen, they are not here, but you are welcome to look all you want to.' She tried to look unconcerned while the mob made a hasty search and left." (From Morris Phelps diary, courtesy Daughters of Utah Pioneers.) Heber C. Kimball would later recall that in 1839, "my life was sought at Richmond, and...she interceded with my pursuers, who were nearly 30 in number, and actually convinced them that I was another person, altogether, and the pursuit was stopped." (Obituary, Times and Seasons, Vol. 3, No. 9.) Trouble escalated as the settlers organized a militia to fight back, leading to what was known as the Battle of Crooked River. Following this, local authorities took prisoner Joseph Smith and other Church leaders, among them Morris Phelps. Left alone as the mob came, Laura Phelps ran out to protect her young daughter, Harriet, and said, "Shoot all the animals you desire, but leave my little girl alone." (History of Laura Clark Phelps by Morris Calvin Phelps.) With her husband confined to the Richmond Jail, Laura and the children left as refugees, expelled from the state by Gov. Lilburn Boggs' extermination order. She took her children in a wagon. It overturned "with my children under the load, but hurt them but little -- I can safely say this day I am not sorry I ever joined the Church...We have to be tried like gold seven times tried," she wrote in a letter to her family in Chicago. After finding her parents in Iowa, she made a home for herself and the children in an old horse stable. When she received a love poem from her jailed husband in which he compared her with his "star," she resolved to visit him and help him escape. So, accompanied by her brother, she rode a little mare some 150 miles through difficult and hostile Missouri to the Columbia Jail, to which the prisoners had been transferred. At the Columbia Jail, the case had been continued because no witness appeared against them. The jailer bragged that several prisoners died in jail of old age without the benefit of a hearing. On July 4th, 1839, the prisoners were to try to "gain our liberties or be in paradise before the close of that eventful day," wrote Parley P. Pratt, one of the three incarcerated. Laura Phelps did not participate, but waited at the jail. That dusk, as Richmond citizens continued their Independence Day celebration, the escape plan was enacted. When the evening meal was served, the prisoners caught the open prison door and thrust it wide. Morris Phelps, the more athletic of the three, grabbed the jailer while Pratt and the other prisoner, an ailing King Follett, dashed out. However, Phelps, who was weaker than he supposed, was held fast by the jailer and his wife, who was loudly sounding alarm. Laura Phelps later said she thought she was praying silently, but her husband heard her shout, "Oh, Lord God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, deliver thy servant!" He said hearing that, he felt strong as a giant, and "thus cleared" himself. (History of Laura Clark Phelps.) Parley Pratt and Morris Phelps both made good their escapes. (See Autobiography of Parley P. Pratt, pp. 301-323.) Once again, Laura Phelps was left behind to fend for herself among hostile Missourians. The jailer and his wife threatened her with instant death but instead sent her outside to face a mob that had gathered. She faced the abusive group in silence, but the volume increased as a group of searchers returned with captured King Follett riding her mare and sidesaddle. During this, a little boy who watched became extremely distressed at the way she was being treated. He ran home and told his parents, the Richardsons, who took her into their home. Mr. Richardson later recovered her saddle and horse and after 10 days she rode with the mail carrier back to Illinois. Sewed into her skirts was the manuscript of Parley P. Pratt's Key to Theology. After a period of recuperation, the family settled in Macedonia, Ill., where Morris Phelps built a home. She, however, had in premonition a vision of what trials lay ahead for the saints and "she often said to me that she could not endure the trouble that was ahead," remembered her husband. (Phelps diary.) On Feb. 2, 1842, after suffering from overexertion and exposure, a fatal illness came -- likely pneumonia -- and she died suddenly, five months before her 35th birthday. Her days were shortened "by unparalleled cruelties" but "she manifested to the world that no sacrifice was too great for her to make for the cause which she espoused," said Elder Heber C. Kimball at her death. (Obituary, Times and Seasons.) In a family ceremony held May 6, 2004, about 70 of her many descendants gathered at city cemetery No. 1 in Nauvoo, Ill., and placed a marker in her memory. Among her relatives is Anne Clark Pingree, second counselor in the Relief Society general presidency, who spoke of her in a conference address in October, 2003. | Baldwin, Laura Clark (I342)
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| 1918 | A mercer of Peterborough. He was probably the Peter Edward who was churchwarden of Peterborough in 1516-21. His wife may have been an Elizabeth. | Edward, Peter (I9096)
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| 1919 | A mercer, he was mayor of London in 1394. Other offices included Alderman of Bassishaw Ward 12 Mar 1381-82, and sheriff of London and Middlesex 29 Sep 1384 to 28 Sep 1385. | Fresshe, John Mayor of London (I35306)
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| 1920 | A merchant and ship owner of New Haven, he held several different public offices during his career. | Trowbridge, Thomas (I18654)
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| 1921 | A merchant of New Haven. | Arnold, George Sumner (I13383)
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| 1922 | A merchant of New Haven. He and his wife Ann Eliza Sears were second cousins once removed, he a great-grandson of Stephen Miller (1699-1785) and Anna Goodrich (1711-1777), and she a great-great granddaughter of the same couple. | Arnold, Ebenezer (I13381)
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| 1923 | A merchant of the Salters' Company, London, and a parishioner of St. Lawrence Jewry, where he was sideman in 1615 and, from 25 Jun 1632 to 25 Jun 1633, churchwarden. | Bisby, William (I19599)
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| 1924 | A merchant-tailor of London, of the parish of St. Dunstan in the West. | Perkins, William (I28632)
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| 1925 | A merchant. Registrar of probate, 1698-1702; selectman in 1704. A lieutenant in 1797, his estate settlement calls him "captain." | Higginson, John (I14544)
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| 1926 | A miller and innkeeper. | Saxton, Thomas (I17740)
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| 1927 | A miller, he emigrated 1635 with his first wife and their children on the Defense. His English origins are unknown. Also known as Francis Wetmore. From The Whitmore Genealogy (1907), pp. 13-14: "Francis came to this country probably during the 1630's, and had established his residence at Cambridge prior to 1648, as about this time he married, at that place, Isabel Parke. Brooks, in his history of Medford, tells us he owned property in Cambridge near the Plains, Charlestown near the Menetomie River, near Dendruck Meadows; also in Medford and Lexington. His house stood on the dividing line between Lexington and Cambridge, and is mentioned in the Act of division. His name, with that of his wife, appears on a petition in favor of an old woman charged with being a witch, so he can hardly have been of the extreme Puritan party, though a member of the church. Francis served in King Philip's war; was Selectman and Constable in 1668 and 1682. In his will he makes provision for the education of his ch., thus early evidencing that regard for edu. that is so marked a family trait." For what it's worth, Francis probably did not arrive in the 1630s, or he'd be covered in Robert Charles Anderson's Great Migration series. | Whitmore, Francis (I16124)
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| 1928 | A miner. | Rowe, William (I26262)
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| 1929 | A multi-thread discussion of her possible origins was begun and led by Peter Stewart on SGM, beginning with this post. She may or may not have borne the name Komnena, but she was definitely a member of the family of Manuel I Komnenos (1118-1180), emperor of Byzantium, who sent her to marry Raymond Berenger III of Provence. In circumstances best described as hazy, Berenger turned her down, and she wound up marrying Guillem VIII, seigneur of Montpellier, instead. She was the mother of Guillem's only legitimate child, Marie, who wound up being the mother of James I (1208-1276), King of Aragon. | Eudokia (I14211)
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| 1930 | A Norfolk lawyer and retainer to the Ferrers. | Metley, Nicholas (I26443)
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| 1931 | A nun. It is said that the night before William de la Pole surrendered to the Franco-Scottish forces of Joan of Arc (12 Jun 1429), "he laye in bed with a nonne whom he toke oute of holy profession and defouled, whose name was Malyne de Cay, by whom he gate a daughter, now married to Stonard of Oxonfordshire." | de Cay, Malyne (I19017)
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| 1932 | A partner in Clarke & Lake, he was in Boston by 1645, but married Mary Goodyear in New Haven. He was a captain of the Boston Artillery Company. He was killed in King Philip's War. | Lake, Capt. Thomas (I14031)
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| 1933 | A patron of St. Leonard's, Birdingby (Birdingbury), Warwickshire in the 1430s and 1440s. Sheriff of Buckinghamshire in 1453. | Olney, Robert (I20685)
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| 1934 | A peasant. | Kresina (I3761)
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| 1935 | A Peter Whetstone appears as a private in an 1811 list of a company of infantry in the Indiana militia. | Whetstone, Peter (I30898)
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| 1936 | A pioneer of evidence-based genealogical research, he spent the last two decades of his life in England researching the English ancestry of various American families. In 1869 he was one of the founders of the Harleian Society. In 1877, Columbia University granted him an honorary LL.D in recognition of his genealogical work. Oxford University followed with another honorary degree in 1881. His literary executor was George Edward Cokayne, Norroy King of Arms, founder of the Complete Peerage. His connection to the maintainers of this database is that, under the sponsorship of Chicago mayor and sometime congressman John Wentworth,* he performed the primary research establishing with reasonable certainty the medieval ancestry of the New England immigrant William Wentworth (1616-1697), one of TNH's "gateway ancestors." His other connection, mostly demonstrating that all of human history is a gigantic tangled knot, is that his first published literary work was a volume of poetry entitled Greenwood Cemetery and Other Poems (1843), the title poem of which is absolutely about Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn, New York, whose bounds stand half a block from where this database's maintainers lived from 2004 to 2018. I stand upon Mount WASHINGTON, and gaze Enraptured on the view within my sight: The city's spires--its broad and noble bay-- Lie, like a vivid panorama, spread By master hands in lines of glowing life:-- Turning, the restless ocean meets my eye And faintly, when the southern breeze is full I hear thy roar, far sounding Rockaway! ----- * In an entirely gratuitous Mormon connection, before entering electoral politics this John Wentworth was a journalist, and in that capacity he wrote to Mormon founder and prophet Joseph Smith with several inquiries about Mormonism. Smith's answer, known in church history as the "Wentworth Letter," is now considered one of the foundational documents of LDS belief. | Chester, Col. Joseph Lemuel (I18626)
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| 1937 | A planter and husbandman. Stone-Gregg Genealogy (citation details below): "For love and good will to the Quakers, he conveyed to them, in 1707, the site on which their meeting house was subsequently built." | Barnard, Thomas (I5588)
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| 1938 | A ploughman, but also a general, civil, and criminal lieutenant of Acadia. | Boudreau, Michel (I32633)
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| 1939 | A possible "gateway ancestor" of Teresa, depending on whether his grandmother Marthe de Saint-Paul (~1609-1664) was a daughter of Abel de Saint-Paul and Claire de Crespon. Acte d'Abjuration, 20 Jan 1686. Arrived in Quebec 1 Aug 1685 aboard La Diligente, as a "sergent dans la compagnie de Renaud d'Avesnes des Meloïzes." [De Carufel] From Our French-Canadian Ancestors, volume 5, by Gerard Lebel, translated by Thomas LaForest, translation cleaned up by me: Jean-Baptiste SICARD de Carufel, son of Pierre and Marie de FORGUES (FARGUES), descended from a noble family originating in Haut Languedoc. By October 1685, Louis XIV, who had been hounding the Huguenots for five years, revoked the Edict of Nantes and huge waves of Huguenot refugees fled France. Many of the Protestants who remained in France converted to Catholicism. Although we know Jean was not Catholic--he renounced the 'religion pretendue reformee' in 1686--we have not yet determined whether the young man and his family were Protestant, Huguenots or Albigeois Cathares. At the age of 19, Jean-Baptiste joined the marine troops under the command of Capitan [Écuyer] Francois-Marie-Renaud d'Avesne des Meloizes. The Company, recruited by the new governor, Jacques-René Brisay de Denonville, was integrated into a 500-man detachment that left the port of La Rochelle in 1685 aboard La Diligente. During the Atlantic crossing scurvy and typhoid claimed 60 victims. Eighty more soldiers were hospitalised at the Hotel-Dieu--already overcrowed with 300 fever patients--upon their arrival in Quebec on August 1, 1685. [In 1685 the population of New France was 10,725 French and 1,538 settled natives.] After only a few weeks' rest, Denonville and his men left for Fort Frontenac (Kingston). The Governor found the colony in terrible disarray--hundreds of colonists had abandoned their land to become coureurs de bois. In addition to the challenge of social reform, the English surrounding the French possessions, and [the] Iroquois, were ever-present dangers. The first mention of Jean's presence in New France is the act in the Notre-Dame de Quebec church register dated 20 January 1686 in which the young nobleman renounced his faith. According to the "Acte d'Abjuration", Jean SICARD, native of the parish of St. Jacques in the city of Castres-d'Albigeois in Haut-Languedoc, a sergent in the regiment of Renaud d'Avesnes des Meloizes, recanted from the pretended reformed religion [a fait abjuration de la religion pretendue reformee] before Jean Baptiste De LaCroix de St-Vallier, Bishop of Quebec. Witnesses were Jacques deBRISAY de Denonville, Governor, Lieutenant General of the Army, Quebec and his wife Catherine Courtin. On June 13, 1687, at the head of 832 marine troops, more than 900 militiamen and 400 indigenious allies, Denonville headed up-river, resolved to crush the Tsonnontouans who, with arms furnished by the New York English, were harassing the colony in the southern Lake Ontario/Niagara region. (Fort Denonville was built 'on the same side as Fort Conti, which is today the site of Fort Niagara, USA, opposite Niagara-on-the-Lake.') Before returning to Montreal, Governor Denonville left about 100 men under the command of Raymond Blaise des Bergeres de Rigauville. Scurvy and the Iroquois wiped out all but Blaise and twelve men. [Although not documented, it is probable that the young Sicard de Carufel took part in the manoeuvres, as Capitan Raymond Blaise was his commanding officer and among the twelve who survived the winter of 1687-88.] From 1690 to 1720 the fort was abandoned. Towards the end of 1688, shortly after returning to Montreal, Raymond Blaise des Bergeres replaced Captain Francois Lefebvre-Duplessis-Faber as the head of the troops stationed at Fort Louis in Chambly. A duel between the two men on July 15, 1689 landed both in prison. They were tried the next day in Montreal. On November 16, the Souvereign Council absolved them and ordered Lefebvre to pay Blaise 600 pounds in damages. According to the transcript, Jean SICARD de Carufel, first sergeant in the Company, was called to care for Blaise des Bergeres' wound. On August 4 of that year, August 4, one thousand five hundred Iroquois attacked Lachine down river from the mission of Mont Royal [Montreal] killing 400. A marriage contract prepared by the notary Etienne Jacob, and signed 25 November 1694, states that, at the time, Jean was a sergeant in the Company of Michel Leneuf de la Valliere. Two days later, Sergeant Jean SICARD de Carufel married Genevieve, daughter of Jacques RATTE and Anne MARTIN (grand-daughter of Abraham Martin dit l'Ecossais, a royal pilot--the property of Martin, called the Plains of Abraham, adjoined the famous plateau where Wolfe and Montcalm battled). The ceremony in the parish of Saint Pierre de l'Ile d'Orleans was officiated by the Abby Dauric and witnessed by the widow of Genevieve Ratte & groom's father Pierre Sicard; Jacques Ratte and his wife, Anne Martin (the bride's parents), Jacques Gosselin (Jacques Ratte's brother-in-law or step-brother), and Pierre Roberge. In addition to the dispensation of two bans, due to Sicard's military career he had to seek permission from the Governor-general to wed. Jean returned to France in 1696 and, on May 22, in a ceremony held before a notary in Castres, the noble Jean SICARD, lord of Farguettes, officer in the Marine Troops in Canada, declared his loyalty and respect for his father, Pierre Sicard, and, in addition to words of affection and courtesy by Pierre, was emancipated and declared free to make his own decisions. Jean returned to Nouvelle France and, on March 18 1704 after living ten years in Saint-Pierre d'Orleans, had the sale of property to his brother-in-law, Pierre Ratte, notarised by Etienne Jacob. At the time of the birth of their fifth child, Louis, in March 1705, Jean and Genevieve were living in Maskinonge in the seigneurie des Legardeur de Repentigny. The Governor, Marquess Philippe de Rigaud de Vaudreuil (1703-1726), and the intendant Francois de Beauharno, officially granted Jean Sicard the fief de Carufel on April 21, 1705 in an 'acte de concesson.' The domain, two leagues [a 'lieue' is an old unit of measure about 4 km] across by the same depth, was in the area now known as Saint Justin. 'De l'espace de terre qui reste dans la riviere Maskinonge, dans le lac St. Pierre, depuis celle qui a este cy-devant concedee au sieur Le Gardeur jusqu'au premier sault de la dite riviere, ce qui contient deux lieues ou en iron de front sur pareille profondeur En titre de Fief et seigneurie, haute, moyenne et bass e justice.' In return, that same day (21 April 1705) Jean, an officer in the troops of the marine detachment, made an act of faith and hommage for the fief and seigneurie to Marquess de Vaudreuil and Francois de Beauharnois. Under the French seigneurial regime, seigneurs were duty-bound to promote colonization by providing 'immigrants with favourable conditions for the settlement and agricultural development ...' [Translated] 'From the time he took possession of his fief,' wrote l'abbe Hermann Plante, 'the lord of Carufel attempted to establish himself; but the timing was not good. In 1705, it was difficult to move away from the Saint Lawrence River. The clearing of the seigneurie in Maskinonge wasn't advanced enough to provide for colonisation... fear of the Iroquois still existed. The peace treaty signed four years earlier in Montreal between the French and the savages buried the hatchet but the Indians' hypocritical temperment made attracting settlers difficult. The 1701 treaty, still unproven and providing no guarantees, did little to aid the lord of Carufel in attracting settlers to move far from the river... But the lord was aging,' adds l'abbe Plante, 'he didn't want to die before realising the profits from his land.' After vain attempts to attract his companions to follow him, around 1720 Jean (who would have been about 54 years old) travelled up the Maskinonge River, the only route at the time, and, with his sons, began working on the south-west side about a quarter of a league from the Maskinonge fief. In a statement/ennumeration of 19 February 1723, Jean declared a sixteen foot square house enclosed by a pallisade and three acres of workable land. Few seigneurs could afford to live off their annual rents and, unless a seigneurie has 25-50 settled families, maintenance costs generally surpassed revenues. That same year, Jean, who continued his military career while clearing the land, was promoted to the rank of Ensign of the Troops of the colony. It is believed that he continued to work his land for another nine years--at least until 1732. There are also several transactions recorded in the minutes of Pierre Petit including an agreement August 16, 1728 with the Ursulines of Trois-Rivieres ending a land boundary dispute. [On] 27 January 1737, the land-clearing septuagenarian made his testament in favour of his children. Four years later, in 1741, Jean SICARD de Carufel witnessed the sale of portions of his land as his children sold their share to their brother-in-law, Jean-Francois Baril-Duchesny, spouse of Genevieve. The old officer-colonist-lord descended from the French aristocracy did not survive long afterwards. He died in August 1743 at the age of 77. It is interesting to note that although Jean-Baptiste and Genevieve would not have benefited from Louis XIV's King's gift for males who married before age twenty and females before sixteen, they would have likely received the three hundred livres to those with ten children. [Fathers of twelve children received four hundred livres.] Eight of Jean's ten children married before their father's death; the others married in 1745 and 1751. | Sicard de Carufel, Jean (I31875)
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| 1940 | A powerful magnate of Leòn. Allegedly the paternal grandfather of Ximena Diaz, wife of El Cid, through his son Diego, supposed to be Ximena's father. But see the note from Todd Farmerie in our entry on El Cid. | Flaínez, Fernando (I12233)
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| 1941 | A president of the 89th Quorum of Seventy from 1933-35; a president of the 90th Quorum from 1943-45; and senior president of the 349th Quorum 1945-52. On October 23, 1955, he was made President of the Mesa Stake of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, in which office he served until his death. | Allen, Hyrum Loren (I8231)
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| 1942 | A probable "gateway ancestor" of AP, depending on whether the mother of his great-great grandmother Joan Roberts (~1484-1548) was in fact Isabel Culpepper (d. 1491), as seems circumstantially likely. In about 1624 he and his wife moved to Aller, Somerset, very likely because of his brother John's appointment as vicar at Aller that year. According to Robert Charles Anderson in Puritans and Pedigrees (citation details below), "During his years at Aller, Thomas Stoughton would have become acquainted with the network of West Country puritan ministers with whom John Stoughton was associated, including Rev. John White of Dorchester, Dorset, the instigator and organizer of much of the migration from the West Country to New England in the 1620s and 1630s. This would explain why Thomas Stoughton, presumably accompanied by his three surviving children — Sarah, Katherine, and Thomas — appeared at Dorchester, Massachusetts, in 1630, having almost certainly been passengers on the Mary & John. The Stoughton-Cudworth connection explains how an East Anglian family migrated to New England on a ship carrying mostly West Country families from a West Country port." Along with the rest of the Mary & John contigent, he was a founder of Dorchester, Massachusetts. From Puritans and Pedigrees again: "As the population density began to increase in the original Massachusetts Bay towns, pressure grew to remove to hospitable inland locations. In 1635 and 1636 many of the West Country immigrants went west to settle the town of Windsor on the Connecticut River. Thomas Stoughton joined that migration…Thomas Stoughton remained in Windsor for the remainder of his life…He was frequently addressed by the honorific 'Mr.' and served as Deputy from Windsor to the Connecticut General Court on several occasions from 1639 to 1648." He spent his final years, over a decade, excommunicate, having stubbornly taken the position that the Sabbath began on Sunday morning rather than, as the consensus of other Puritan divines coalesced upon, Saturday evening. In 1648, the last year in which he was a deputy to the Connecticut General court, he signed a letter "Thomas Stoughton, son & heir of Thomas Stoughton deceased suffering," thus (as Robert Charles Anderson has pointed out) explicitly connecting his punishment of 1648 to his father's deprivation of 1606. "Thomas Stoughton definitely proved himself to be his father's son, stubbornly refusing for more than a decade to budge on what was in his case a quite narrow point of ecclesiastical practice." He was not baptized in Naughton on 23 Jan 1593 as reported in volume 3 of Robert Charles Anderson's The Great Migration Begins (page 1778). Wrote Anderson in 2020 in Puritans and Pedigrees (again, citation details below): "The Naughton, Suffolk parish register, which for the years in question is a parchment copy of an earlier paper register has Thomas Sloughe [sic] baptized in 1588 and Thomas Stoughton baptized in 1593. The Archdeacon's Transcripts, which are contemporaneous copies and are better evidence, have Thomas baptized in 1588 and John baptized in 1593, which is in better agreement with later records for these men. My thanks to Randy West for sorting this out." | Stoughton, Thomas (I27609)
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| 1943 | A probable "gateway ancestor" of Teresa and GFS, depending on whether the mother of her great-great grandmother Joan Roberts (~1484-1548) was in fact Isabel Culpepper (d. 1491), as seems circumstantially likely. "After the 1639 death of her second husband the Rev. Robert Chamberlaine, Elizabeth (Scudder) (Chamberlaine) Stoughton 'came to New England with her children Elizabeth Scudder and Samuel and Joanna Chamberlaine, following her brothers Thomas and Israel Stoughton, and her son John Scudder, all of whom were here by 1635'. She was certainly in New England by 6 October 1644, when, as 'Mestres Chamberlin,' she joined the Rev. John Lothrop's church at Barnstable. She apparently moved to the Bay Colony shortly thereafter, for on 14 May 1645, the Massachusetts Bay General Court, calling her 'Mrs Chamberlin, widowe, sister to Mr Iraell Stoughton,' directed, '[u]pon weighty reasons moveing,' that she be allowed either a cow or £5." [Jane Fletcher Fiske, "A New England Immigrant Kinship Network," citation details below.] Elizabeth Stoughton (~1597-1647) = John Scudder (b. ~1590) Elizabeth Scudder (1625-1700) = Samuel Lathrop (1621-1700) Samuel Lathrop = Hannah Aldgate Hannah Lathrop = Jabez Perkins Hannah Perkins = Joshua Huntington Lydia Huntington = Ephraim Bill Lydia Bill = Joseph Howland Susan Howland = John Aspinwall Mary Rebecca Aspinwall = Isaac Roosevelt James Roosevelt = Sara Delano Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1882-1945) | Stoughton, Elizabeth (I6860)
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| 1944 | A probable "gateway ancestor" of TWK. The issue is whether the Elizabeth who married Augustine Clement was a sister of the immigrant Edward Bullock. Genealogist Leslie Mahler has been arguing the case for this in a variety of places, for instance noting on SGM that "There are a number of records connecting Augustine Clement & Edward Bullock to each other. They originated in neighboring parishes, one calls the other 'brother' etc." Robert Charles Anderson's sketch of Edward Bullock in volume 1 of The Great Migration: Immigrants to New England, 1634-1635, p. 476, notes that the list of debts attached to the end of Edward Bullock's will mentions "brother Clemens," of which Anderson remarks, "probably referring to Augustine Clement as a brother in the church." To that, Mahler points out that Edward Bullock was not a member of the church. And in volume 2 of the same Great Migration series, in the sketch of Augustine Clement (p. 101), Anderson seems much closer to being convinced that Clement's wife Elizabeth was a sister of Edward Bullock: On 26 July 1649, "Elisabeth Clements testified on oath that Edw[ard] Bullock of Dorchester is the son of Mr. W[illia]m Bullock late of Barkham in Berkeshirre" [Aspinwall 227]. In his will of 25 July 1649, "Edward Bullock of Dorchester" appointed Augustine Clement as one of his overseers, and among the debts owed by his estate was one to "brother Clements" [SPR 1:288-89; GM 2:1:476-77].Neither Edward Bullock nor the wife of Augustine Clement are included among the gateway ancestors in Richardson's 2013 Royal Ancestry, but a line from Edward I to Winston Churchill and to the Bush presidents, a line which presumes that the wife of Augustine Clement was a daughter of William Bullock, is included in Gary Boyd Roberts's 2018 The Royal Descents of 900 Immigrants (citation details below). In the notes to the line, Roberts says that it was "brought to my attention by Leslie Mahler of San Jose, California, and the name of William Bullock's wife was added by Douglas Richardson of Salt Lake City. Clinching proof (or disproof) that Mrs. Elizabeth Clement(s) was a sister of Edward Bullock of Dorchester, Mass., would be welcome." | Bullock, Elizabeth (I22821)
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| 1945 | A prominent clothier in Dedham, Essex. Settled in Dedham about 1534. Not a son of Thomas Sherman of Yaxley, Suffolk. He and his wife Agnes were ancestors of US presidents Taft, Hoover, and the two Bushes; of British prime ministers Archibald Philip Primrose and Winston Churchill; of Canadian prime minister Robert Borden; of Founding Father Roger Sherman (himself an ancestor of TSW); and of (among others) Harriet Beecher Stowe, James Russell Lowell, Susan B. Anthony, Dorothea Dix, Clara Barton, Tennessee Williams, and the person at the end of the descent shown below. Henry Sherman (1512-1590) = Agnes (d. 1580) Edmund Sherman (1548-1600) = Ann Pellatte Edmund Sherman (1577-1641) = Joan Makin Hon. Samuel Sherman (1618-1700) = Sarah Mitchell Deac. John Sherman (1651-1730) = Elizabeth John Sherman (1687-1727) = Emm Preston Hon. Daniel Sherman (1721-1799) = Mindwell Taylor Hon. Taylor Sherman (1758-1815) = Betsey Stoddard Charles R. Sherman (1788-1829) = Mary Hoyt Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman (1820-1891) | Sherman, Henry (I4787)
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| 1946 | A prosperous brewer and burgmaster, called "gentleman," albeit perhaps illiterate. Owned a malthouse, a spring, and substantial land. | Axtell, William (I5538)
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| 1947 | A prosperous Lincolnshire landowner. | Cumberworth, Thomas (I11639)
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| 1948 | A record in the Winthrop Papers, quoted by Torrey (citation details below), says that "Nathaniel & Johana Reskue [Ruscoe] did appear & declare that sd Martha before marriage was Martha Chapman, born Digswell, co. Herts, and came over with the sister of Major Hezekiah Haines." | Chapman, Martha (I20766)
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| 1949 | A record of a 27 Apr 1938 Social Security claim connected to a Joseph Armetta born 3 Apr 1873, clearly this man, calls him "Joseph Jacob Armetta." And the ancestry.com index "California, U.S., County Birth, Marriage, and Death Records, 1849-1980" lists a Joseph Jacob Armetta marrying a Margaret Berryessa on 25 Jan 1903. Of course, James and Jacob are basically the same name. | Armetta, Joseph James (I31388)
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| 1950 | A religious dissenter who evidently managed to evade persecution. A 1675 entry in the diary of Samuel Hubbard says that Hubbard still had a "testament of my grandfather Cocke's, printed in 1549, which he [Cocke] hid in his bed straw lest it should be found and burned in queen Mary's days." [Sabbath and Sectarianism in Seventeenth Century England, citation details below] Multiple ancestry.com trees give the father of Naomi Cocke as the Thomas Cocke who was baptized 10 Jun 1564 in Witherfield, Suffolk. Obviously if Samuel Hubbard's "testament of my grandfather Cocke's" was in fact "printed in 1549," this Thomas Cocke cannot be Naomi's father. | Cocke, Thomas (I5253)
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| 1951 | A royal judge of some sort, details not known to us. | de Lexington, Richard (I9006)
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| 1952 | A royal official of some sort, according to the ODNB entry on his son-in-law William Mauduit. | de Hanslope, Michael (I11268)
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| 1953 | A royal servant, clerk and auditor to queen Elizabeth. | Overton, Richard (I19583)
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| 1954 | A Salem merchant. Naval officer and Collector of Salem, 1772. Moriarty lists his second wife, Catherine Berry, whom he married 29 Sep 1752, but not his presumably first wife Mary Osborne. Lorinda B. R. Goodwin lists both wives, although she spells the second one Katherine. | Turner, John (I15989)
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| 1955 | A senior financial official, the "clerk of the pipe", in the Court of Exchequer. | Cavendish, Thomas (I21445)
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| 1956 | A ship-builder. He emigrated with his wife Philippa and perhaps their son James at some point prior to 1632. He appears to have been a fantastically wilful and stubborn man. In the midst of dire financial problems, he publicly declared his disdain for the recently-restored Charles II, and no record of the rest of his life can be found. The best guess is that he, as Dawes-Gates puts it, "accepted the imprisonment and then disappeared." | Stevens, William (I18459)
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| 1957 | A shipwright. | Sanders, Thomas (I18486)
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| 1958 | A sister of John Purrier, who named "syster Laughton" in his will of 28 Aug 1558. | Purrier, (Unknown) (I5284)
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| 1959 | A soldier in King Philip's War, he was wounded in the Great Swamp Fight. | Abbe, Thomas (I3684)
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| 1960 | A son of his father's second marriage; his mother may have been named Hannah or Anna. | Brooks, Samuel (I13739)
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| 1961 | A squire in the service of the Earl of Lancaster. | Townley, Thomas (I30064)
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| 1962 | A stock fishmonger of London, he and his parents came from Brampton in Huntingdonshire. | Brampton, William (I15681)
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| 1963 | A successful merchant, active in municipal affairs. Overseer of the poor of Boston, 1715-1738. | Ruck, John (I21007)
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| 1964 | A supporter of Simon de Montfort, he was taken prisoner at the battle of Northampton (April 1264). Farrer (citation details below) says he was "probably exchanged for a prisoner taken at the battle of Lewes." In 1268, after Evesham, his manor of Knaptoft, Leicestershire was given by the king to Hugh de Turberville, but he subsequently recovered it. | Gobion, Hugh (I10443)
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| 1965 | A supporter of Simon de Montfort. | de Drayton, Baldwin (I13224)
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| 1966 | A supporter of the Empress Matilda against Stephen. Complete Peerage IX:120, in a footnote about his brother Robert, says "Robert was probably the son of Thurstan de Mundford, who, as one of the barons of Henry, Earl of Warwick, attested the Earl's charter to Abingdon in the days of Abbot Reynold, who d. 1097 (Chron. Abingdon, Rolls Ser., vol. ii, p. 21). This Thurstan was very possibly of the house of Montfort of Montfort-sur-Risle, but the connection has not been proved." | de Montfort, Thurstan (I2437)
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| 1967 | A supporter of the Empress Maud. | Paynel, Ralph (I8049)
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| 1968 | A tax collector in Devon; knighted 30 Apr 1238. | Ralegh, William (I20099)
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| 1969 | A tax receiver for the Archdeacon of Liege. | Rombouts, Jan (I21187)
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| 1970 | A tenant in chief in Essex in 1086, holding 30 aces in Rivenhall in the hundred of Witham, 90 acres in Felsted in the hundred of Hinckford, and 280 acres in Great Baddow in the hundred of Chelmsford. His surname appears to be an "oath name" like Godsave or Godhelp. | Deus salvet dominas, Roger (I7805)
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| 1971 | A thegn. Called by VCH Yorkshire North Riding "Aschil." Called by CP Arkil. According to The Complete Peerage (7:587), Arkil, son of Ecgfrith, had as his wife Sigrid, a granddaughter of Aldun, Bishop of Lindisfarne. When the Danish fleet came up the Humber to York in 1069, many English joined them, including Arkil; in 1070, after this act of rebellion, he fled. | Arkil (I12340)
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| 1972 | A typed family FGR sheet (probably by Joan Van Syckle or Nancy Jonckheere) has their marriage date as 30 Oct 1844. So does Descendants of John Parker by Wynell Morrison. | Patrick, Sarah "Sally" (I4895)
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| 1973 | A very strange surname. We note that "Jolly" is a not-uncommon Cornish surname, however. | Jelly, Mercy (I22620)
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| 1974 | A wealthy clothier of Cranbrook, Kent. Included in this database mostly because the name "Smallhope Bigge" is awesome. | Bigge, Smallhope (I13790)
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| 1975 | A wealthy merchant in the Barbados trade. In 1668 he bought land from Ann More (or Moore) in Salem, on which he built the actual House of the Seven Gables. | Turner, John (I16025)
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| 1976 | A weaver. | Merriman, Thomas (I6763)
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| 1977 | A weaver. | Merriman, Gregory (I11378)
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| 1978 | A weaver. An original proprietor of Hartford. | Baisie, John (I23367)
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| 1979 | A yeoman, he was churchwarden of Billingsborough in 1620-21. | Dickinson, John (I18323)
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| 1980 | A yeoman. Mentioned in the will of Raph Dicke of Enford, 1582; taxed 1597 and 1609. A churchwarden in Boyton in 1620. | Dyer, Ralph (I17058)
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| 1981 | A.B. Harvard College, 1658. Assistant to his father in proselytizing Native Americans. He was the first pastor at the First Church in Newton, Massachusetts. | Eliot, Rev. John (I18512)
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| 1982 | A.B. Harvard College, 1737. A merchant in New Haven, in 1760 he moved to Spencer, Massachusetts where he owned a mansion house and was much in public life. In 1770 he moved to Upper Middletown, Connecticut, where he died. | Eliot, John (I18504)
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| 1983 | Abbot of Saint-Médard de Soissons; count of Omois. | Heribert "The Old" (I3642)
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| 1984 | Abigail Jacques and her husband Benjamin Knight were second cousins, both of them descended from William Knight and Elizabeth Carter. In The Ancestry of Phoebe Tilton (citation details below), Walter Goodwin Davis says of Henry Jacques' daughter Abigail "that she is not mentioned in the will of her father in 1686 makes her suggested marriage to Benjamin Knight, with no date given, very questionable." However, as a W. Harris points out in the comments to her Wikitree page, Henry's will does in fact mention her: "[A]nd to my daughter Abigail I give £60 to be paid by my executor after her marriage". She was thirteen when her father made her will, and fourteen when he died. | Jacques, Abigail (I34277)
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| 1985 | About 1733 he deposed that he was 52 years of age and that thirty years earlier he had helped Capt. Edward Mountjoy, with whom he was living at the time, clear certain land in Stafford County. In 1844 one of his great-grandsons, Martin Withers (b. 1792) wrote a pedigree of the Withers family in which his great-grandfather was called "James Withers of Bristol, England." In light of this it is worth noting, as Franz V. Recum (citation details below) points out, that Capt. Edward Mountjoy's brother Thomas Mountjoy was a merchant in Bristol. | Withers, James (I35104)
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| 1986 | Accepted as an inhabitant at Dover, New Hampshire 17 Jun 1657. In 1660 he had a 20-acre grant on the west side of William Beard's creek. Selectman, moderator, 1684, 1692-96, 1699, 1703-06. Recording his death, the Rev. John Pike called him "an understanding man." | Woodman, Capt. John (I35023)
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| 1987 | Accidentally drowned in the Connecticut River. | Gurley, William (I23612)
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| 1988 | Accompanied John of Gaunt on many expeditions to France and Spain. | de Hastings, Hugh (I13628)
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| 1989 | Accompanied John of Gaunt to Britanny in 1378. Summoned to Parliament by writs, 17 Dec 1387 to 3 Oct 1400. | le Despenser, Philip (I7554)
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| 1990 | Accompanied Richard I on the Third Crusade, 1191. Commanded 100 knights at Acre. Sheriff of Buckinghamshire and Bedfordshire, 1214. According to Royal Ancestry, he died in Rouen "after donning the garb of a Templar and discarding it by apostasy." | de Gournay, Hugh (I7740)
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| 1991 | Accompanied the Black Prince in France in 1368; in the following year he was with John of Gaunt at Calais and in Gascony. | Chetwynd, William (I16180)
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| 1992 | Accompanied Thomas, Earl of Buckingham, in aid of the Duke of Brittany against the French. Knighted in the camp before St. Omer's. | Paulet, John (I8421)
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| 1993 | According to "A Look Back" (citation details below), he and his wife moved to Iowa from Jefferson County, Tennessee in 1857 because of their opposition to slavery. They first settled in Hammer's Grove north of Amboy, and later in Kellogg. This is 100% consonant with everything we know about everyone in their kinship network. They hated slavery, and as the Civil War approached, they left for places where owning human beings wasn't considered cool. How about that. But! According to an unsourced document on ancestry.com, while his wife was a Quaker, he was a Baptist, and the reason they moved to Iowa was "to provide education opportunities for their children [at] Penn College at Oskaloosa, Iowa." Yeah sure. In fact, Charles Janeway regularly appears in the records of Iowa's Center Monthly Meeting of the Society of Friends, and his obituary in the Quaker newspaper The American Friend (citation details below) specifically names him as "a member of Center Monthly Meeting." We suspect someone has a problem with their ancestor or relative having been a sincere abolitionist. "He is a Republican in politics. Owns 190 acres of land, valued at $50 per acre." [History of Jasper County, Iowa, 1878, citation details below] | Janeway, Charles Garrett "Chas" (I30612)
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| 1994 | According to "Among the Royal Servants," this Richard Thimbleby and the individual given here as his son (d. 1522) might be the same person. | Thimbleby, Richard (I1035)
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| 1995 | According to "Among the Royal Servants," this Richard Thimbleby and the Richard Thimbleby given as his father (b. abt. 1445) might be the same person. The same source notes that he died holding Holton in le More plus Irnham, Belesby, and Horsington. "In 1489 he was made exempt for life from being put on assizes and from being made assessor 'on trustworthy testimony that he suffers from internal ulcers caused by his horse running with him against an oak.'" [Royal Ancestry] | Thimbleby, Richard (I9126)
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| 1996 | According to "Cornish Terrier" at Penwith Genealogy, who despite the informal online pseudonym shows every sign of being a serious expert, this Elizabeth Rosewall may be the Elizabeth who married Paul Stevens alias Gonew at St. Ives in 1707. But the Elizabeth who married this Paul might also, instead, be the Elizabeth Rosewall, daughter of Thomas and Jone Rosewall, baptised 16 Oct 1675 at St. Ives -- or the Elizabeth Rosewall, daughter of James and Elizabeth Rosewall, baptised 27 Aug 1682 at St. Ives. | Rosewall, Elizabeth (I8577)
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| 1997 | According to "vanboerum2", he died at sea, and was at one time acting commander of the U.S.S. Constitution. This appears to be born out by his epitaph in Green-Wood Cemetery: IN LOVING MEMORY OF WILLIAM BOERUM COMMANDER U. S. NAVY. BORN AUGUST 12, 1796. LOST IN THE MOZAMBIQUE CHANNEL COAST OF AFRICA WHILST IN COMMAND OF THE U. S. S. CONCORD. NOVEMBER 2, 1842. AND IN LOVING MEMORY OF EMILY, WIFE OF WILLIAM BOERUM, COMMANDER U. S. NAVY BORN SEPTEMBER 29, 1798, DIED FEBRUARY 4, 1878. | Boerum, William (I16093)
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| 1998 | According to "vanboerum2", he was an art and coin collector. The Army and Navy Journal report of his wedding to Annette Wetmore describes him as "of the 9th N.G.S.N.Y., and formerly of the 6th U.S. Cavalry [...] Major Wetmore has a large acquaintance in the Army, having served as an officer of the 6th U.S. Cavalry from 1872 to 1876, and since maintained pleasant associations with his former comrades." | Wetmore, William Boerum (I16076)
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| 1999 | According to Vernon DuBar, Louis Joubert and Emilie Bastien were married on 14 Apr 1864, and Louis Joubert's cause of death was "atrophic cirrhosis of the liver." DuBar also places Joubert as a Union soldier in Company I, 6th Illinois Cavalry. The National Park Service database confirms a Louis Joubert from Illinois in that unit, as does Find the Best. The 6th Illinois Cavalry fought at the Battle of Port Hudson (22 May 1863; 10,000 Union casualties, 7,500 Confederate casualties); the second Battle of Franklin (30 Nov 1864; 2,633 Union casualties, 7,300 Confederate casualties); the Battle of Nashville (15 Dec 1864; 3,061 Union casualties, 6,500 Confederate casualties); and the minor engagements the Second Battle of Memphis (21 Aug 1864) and the Battle of Okolona (22 Feb 1864). Thomas Shawcross adds further service details, at least some of which seem to have been obtained in correspondence with Vernon DuBar: JOUBERT, Lewis Private Ava Nov 19, 1861. Re-enlisted as Veteran. [PNH note: "Ava" presumably refers to the tiny town (pop. 654 in 2010) in northwest Jackson County, Illinois, about five miles west of the Joubert family farm.]Further notes from Shawcross, possibly passed on from DuBar: [...] In researching this family, one must keep a very open mind as to how the surname was spelled. The surname was French, and the spelling of the name appears to have many variations. This is typical of many French surnames. It seems that Americans who were not of French descent were completely baffled by the French names and almost never able to spell them correctly.Obituary from the Decatur Review, Saturday evening, 20 Dec 1919: The funeral of Louis Joubert was held at 10 o'clock Saturday morning at the residence of his daughter, Mrs. Charles McCormick, 1042 West Decatur Street. The services were conducted by Rev. Elisha Safford, pastor of Westminster Presbyterian church. There was a large attendance, members of Dunham post, 141, G. A. R., being present in a body and conducting their ritualistic exercises. The music was furnished by Mrs. Corydon C. Nicholson and Mrs. Homer Bateman. The active pallbearers were J. B. Stocks, Roy Phillips, Samuel Phillips, C. E. Hildreth, W. Linhurst and T. J. Wright. The honorary pallbearers were Jacob Hanes, Henry Barnhart, L. W. Nichols, J.T. Beldon, Samuel S. Welfley and J. T. Francis. The interment was in Greenwood cemetery. | Joubert, Louis (I9953)
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| 2000 | According to Vernon DuBar, she was also known as Addie. DuBar spells her first name "Vedeline." Frequently spelled "Vitelline" or "Viteline" in other records. We've been told that her death certificate spells it "Vitiline." The Nebraska record of her marriage to John M. Coston calls her "Miss Viddline Jubar, of Omaha." | Joubert, Vitiline (I5306)
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