Ada of Huntingdon

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Bef 1247

Ada married Henry Hastings after 1224. Henry (son of William de Hastings and Margaret le Bigod) was born about 1205 in of Blunham, Bedfordshire, England; died before 9 Aug 1250. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

1. Henry de Hastings was born in of Ashill, Norfolk, England; died in 1268.
2. Hillary de Hastings died after 1294.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 1144

Notes:

Earl of Huntingdon and Cambridge. Also called David of Huntingdon.

David married Maud of Chester on 26 Aug 1190. Maud (daughter of Hugh of Chester and Bertrade de Montfort) was born in 1171; died about 6 Jan 1233. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Matilda de Blondeville; Maud of Chester; Maud or Matilda de Meschines; Maud or Matilda de Kevelioc.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1115

Notes:

Earl of Northumberland and of Huntingdon. Also called Eanric mac Dabid; Henry of Huntingdon.

"Henry, earl of Northumberland (c. 1115–1152), prince, was the only surviving adult son of David I (c. 1085–1153), king of Scots, and his queen, Maud (or Matilda) (d. 1131), widow of Simon (I) de Senlis. From c. 1128 his name was linked with his father's in governance, and in 1144 he appears as rex designatus ('king-designate'). Although the exact significance of this style is unclear, it seems certain that he had formally been proclaimed as future king; and in practice from the 1130s 'David's was a dual reign...with joint or at least coadjutorial royal government' (G. W. S. Barrow, ed., The charters of King David I: the written acts of David I king of Scots, 1124–53, and of his son Henry earl of Northumberland, 1139–52, 1999, p. 34). This partnership--though Henry was self-evidently the junior partner--had momentous consequences for the Scots monarchy's power and prestige. Henry shared fully in David's policies of modernization by which Scotland began to be transformed into a European-style kingdom, and above all he was inseparably associated with his father in furthering historic Scottish claims to 'northern England'. Leading vast armies against King Stephen, they made extensive gains at his expense." [Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]

Henry married Ada de Warenne after 9 Apr 1139. Ada (daughter of William II de Warenne and Isabel de Vermandois) died in 1178. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Or Adeline.

From the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography:

Her public role as first lady of the Scottish court (there was no queen of Scotland from 1131 to 1186) was originally limited by her numerous pregnancies; but her fecundity averted a catastrophe when Henry, the expected successor to the kingship, died prematurely in 1152. During her widowhood she enjoyed in full measure the respect and status to which she was entitled as mother of two successive Scots kings, Malcolm IV and William the Lion. After Malcolm's enthronement as a boy of twelve in 1153, she figured prominently in his counsels and was keenly aware of her responsibilities. According to the well-informed William of Newburgh, Malcolm's celibacy dismayed her, and she endeavoured, albeit fruitlessly, to sharpen his dynastic instincts by placing a beautiful maiden in his bed. She was less frequently at William the Lion's court from 1165, no doubt because of the periodic illnesses that obliged her to turn to St Cuthbert for a cure.

Ada's cosmopolitan tastes and connections reinforced the identification of Scottish élite society with European values and norms. Reginald of Durham regarded her piety as exemplary, and she played a notable role in the expansion of the reformed continental religious orders in Scotland. If she had a preference, it was for female monasticism, and by 1159 she had founded a priory for Cistercian nuns at Haddington, apparently at the instigation of Abbot Waldef of Melrose (d. 1159). Her household attracted Anglo-Norman adventurers, and she personally settled in Scotland knights from Northumberland and from the great Warenne honours in England and Normandy.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 1147, Merionethshire, Wales

Notes:

Earl of Chester. Also known as Hugh le Meschin; Hugh de Meschines; Hugh of Kevelioc; Hugh de Cyveiliog.

1908 DNB entry on Hugh of Kevelioc:

[By Thomas Frederick Tout.]

HUGH (D. 1181) called HUGH of CYVEILIOG, palatine Earl of Chester, was the son of Ranulf II, Earl of Chester, and of his wife Matilda, daughter of Earl Robert of Gloucester, the illegitimate son of Henry I. He is sometimes called Hugh of Cyveiliog, because, according to a late writer, he was born in that district of Wales (Powel, Hist. of Cambria, p. 295). His father died on 16 Dec. 1153, whereupon, being probably still under age, he succeeded to his possessions on both sides of the Channel. These included the hereditary viscounties of Avranches and Bayeux. Hugh was present at the council of Clarendon in January 1164 which drew up the assize of Clarendon (Stubbs, Select Charters, p. 138). In 1171 he was in Normandy (Eyton, Itinerary of Henry II, p. 158).

Hugh joined the great feudal revolt against Henry II in 1173. Aided by Ralph of Fougeres, he utilised his great influence on the north-eastern marches of Brittany to excite the Bretons to revolt. Henry II despatched an army of Brabant mercenaries against them. The rebels were defeated in a battle, and on 20 Aug. were shut up in the castle of Dol, which they had captured by fraud not long before. On 23 Aug. Henry II arrived to conduct the siege in person (Hoveden, ii. 51). Hugh and his comrades had no provisions (Jordan Fantosme in Howlett, Chron. of Stephen, Henry II, and Richard I, iii. 221). They were therefore forced to surrender on 26 Aug. on a promise that their lives and limbs would be saved (W. Newburgh in Howlett, i. 176). Fourscore knights surrendered with them (Diceto, i. 378). Hugh was treated very leniently by Henry, and was confined at Falaise, whither the Earl and Countess of Leicester were also soon brought as prisoners. When Henry II returned to England, he took the two earls with him. They were conveyed from Barfleur to Southampton on 8 July 1174. Hugh was probably afterwards imprisoned at Devizes (Eyton, p. 180). On 8 Aug., however, he was taken back from Portsmouth to Barfleur, when Henry II went back to Normandy. He was now imprisoned at Caen, whence he was removed to Falaise. He was admitted to terms with Henry before the general peace, and witnessed the peace of Falaise on 11 Oct. (Fœdera, i. 31).

Hugh seems to have remained some time longer without complete restoration. At last, at the council of Northampton on 13 Jan. 1177, he received grant of the lands on both sides of the sea which he had held fifteen days before the war broke out (Benedictus, i. 135; Hoveden, ii. 118). In March he witnessed the Spanish award. In May, at the council at Windsor, Henry II restored him his castles, and required him to go to Ireland, along with William Fitzaldhelm and others, to prepare the way for the king's son John (Benedictus, i. 161). But no great grants of Irish land were conferred on him, and he took no prominent part, in the Irish campaigns. He died at Leek in Staffordshire on 30 June 1181 (ib. i. 277; Monasticon, iii. 218; Ormerod, Cheshire, i. 29). He was buried next his father on the south side of the chapter-house of St. Werburgh's, Chester, now the cathedral.

Hugh's liberality to the church was not so great as that of his predecessors. He granted some lands in Wirral to St. Werburgh's, and four charters of his, to Stanlaw, St. Mary's, Coventry, the nuns of Bullington and Greenfield, are printed by Ormerod (i. 27). He also confirmed his mother's grants to her foundation of Austin Canons at Calke, Derbyshire, and those of his father to his convent of the Benedictine nuns of St. Mary's, Chester (Monasticon, vi. 598, iv. 314). In 1171 he had confirmed the grants of Ranulf to the abbey of St. Stephen's in the diocese of Bayeux (Eyton, p. 158). More substantial were his grants of Bettesford Church to Trentham Priory, and of Combe in Gloucestershire to the abbey of Bordesley, Warwickshire (Monasticon, vi. 397, v. 407).

Hugh married before 1171 Bertrada, the daughter of Simon III, surnamed the Bald, count of Evreux and Montfort. He was therefore brother-in-law to Simon of Montfort., the conqueror of the Albigenses, and uncle of the Earl of Leicester. His only legitimate son, Ranulf III, succeeded him as Earl of Chester [see Blundevill, Randulf de]. He also left four daughters by his wife, who became, on their brother's death, co-heiresses of the Chester earldom. They were: (1) Maud, who married David, earl of Huntingdon, and became the mother of John the Scot, earl of Chester from 1232 to 1237, on whose death the line of Hugh of Avranches became extinct; (2) Mabel, who married William of Albini, earl of Arundel (d. 1221); (3) Agnes, the wife of William, earl Ferrers of Derby; and (4) Hawise, who married Robert de Quincy, son of Saer de Quincy, earl of Winchester. Hugh was also the father of several bastards, including Pagan, lord of Milton; Roger; Amice, who married Ralph Mainwaring, justice of Chester; and another daughter who married R. Bacon, the founder of Roucester (Ormerod, i. 28). A great controversy was carried on between Sir Peter Leycester and Sir Thomas Mainwaring, Amice's reputed descendant, as to whether that lady was legitimate or not. Fifteen pamphlets and small treatises on the subject, published between 1673 and 1679, were reprinted in the publications of the Chetham Society, vols. lxxiii. lxxix. and lxxx. Mainwaring was the champion of her legitimacy, which Leycester had denied in his 'Historical Antiquities.' Dugdale believed that Amice was the daughter of a former wife of Hugh, of whose existence, however, there is no record. A fine seal of Earl Hugh's is engraved in Ormerod's 'Cheshire,' i. 32.

[Benedictus Abbas and Roger de Hoveden (both ed. Stubbs in Rolls Ser.); Howlett's Chronicles of Stephen, Henry II, and Richard I (Rolls Ser.); Eyton's Itinerary of Hen. II; Ormerod's Cheshire, i. 26-32; Dugdale's Baronage, i. 40-1; Dugdale's Monasticon, ed. Ellis, Caley, and Bandinel; Doyle's Official Baronage, i. 364; Beamont's introduction to the Amicia Tracts, Chetham Soc.]

[DNB, Editor, Sidney Lee, Macmillan Co., London & Smith, Elder & Co., NY, 1908, vol. x, pp. 164-5]

Hugh married Bertrade de Montfort in 1169. Bertrade (daughter of Simon de Montfort and Maud) was born about 1155; died after 31 Mar 1227. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1156

Notes:

Also called Bertrade of Evreux. CP notes that at her wedding she was given away by King Henry II "because she was his own cousin." In fact she and the king were second cousins once removed, Simon de Montfort and Agnes d'Evreaux being his great-great grandparents and her great-grandparents.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1085

Notes:

"David I was driven by a clear and consistent vision, pious and authoritarian, of what his kingdom should be: Catholic, in the sense of conforming to the doctrines and observances of the western church; feudal, in the sense that a lord–vassal relationship, involving knight-service, should form the basis of government; and open, in the sense that external (especially continental) influences of all kinds, religious, military, and economic, were encouraged and exploited to strengthen the Scottish kingdom. Alongside his eclecticism, David's strong sense of the autonomy of his realm and of his own position within it must be acknowledged. The surviving numbers of his charters, compared with those of his predecessors, surely point to an increase in the sophistication, and probably also in the activity, of government. During David's reign the administration of royal justice became more firmly established and was organized more effectively. Those who enjoyed their own courts were told that the king would intervene if they failed to provide justice. The addresses of royal charters and writs (Scottish ‘brieves’) show that from c.1140 justiciars were appointed. Although none is known by name, these officers were clearly the predecessors of the named justiciars of succeeding reigns." [Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]

David married Maud of Northumberland before Jul 1113. Maud (daughter of Waltheof and Judith of Lens) was born about 1072; died between 1130 and 1131; was buried in Scone, Perthshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 1130
• Alternate death: 1131
• Alternate death: Bef 1132

Notes:

Also called Maud of Huntingdon.

Notes:

Earl of Surrey; usually styled Earl of Warenne. Advisor to King John at Runnymede.

William married Isabel de Vermandois after 5 Jun 1118. Isabel (daughter of Hugues le Grand and Adèle de Vermandois) died before Jun 1147. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Bef Jul 1147

Notes:

Countess of Leicester. Also called Elizabeth de Vermandois.

Royal Ancestry says she was living c. 1138 and that she died "13 (or 17) February, sometime before June 1147, when her son, William de Warenne, 3rd Earl of Surrey, left on crusade." Several sources say she died in the priory of Lewes, Sussex.

Via her two husbands and thirteen children, descent from her is so common among modern people with traceable medieval ancestry that Douglas Richardson once jokingly asserted the existence of an exclusive lineage organization called the Society of Non-Descendants of Isabel de Vermandois. Of the 19 root people in this database with demonstrable descent from any monarch, only three would be eligible for membership in such a group.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1100
• Alternate birth: Abt 1105, Guernon Castle, Normandy, France
• Alternate death: 17 Dec 1153, Gresley, Derbyshire, England

Notes:

Also called Ranulf of Chester. Earl of Chester. Vicomte d'Avranches.

Of his death, Complete Peerage says "being supposed to have been poisoned by his wife and William Peverell, of Nottingham", but the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, while noting the claims that he died of poison, says nothing about his wife being involved.

"Most contemporary verdicts upon Ranulf were unfavourable. Although Orderic Vitalis acknowledged his resourcefulness and daring, the Gesta Stephani criticized ‘the cunning devices of his accustomed bad faith’ (Gesta Stephani, 192–3), and Henry of Huntingdon, through a speech supposedly by the royalist spokesman at the battle of Lincoln, called him ‘a man of reckless daring, ready for conspiracy...panting for the impossible’, prone to defeat or, at best, to Pyrrhic victories (Historia Anglorum, 734–5). Clearly, his strategy during the civil war was to take every opportunity to enhance his territorial position, especially in the north midlands, and such commitments as he made, either to the king or to the Angevins, were calculated to that end. Other magnates followed similar policies, but Ranulf (II) was exceptionally ruthless in pursuit of his ambitions, and accordingly he was hated by many and trusted by none." [Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]

Ranulph married Matilda of Gloucester before 1135. Matilda (daughter of Robert of Gloucester and Mabel fitz Robert) died on 29 Jul 1189. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Maud fitz Robert; Maud de Caen.

"Matilda may have played a central role in the capture of Lincoln Castle in December 1140, a key turning point in the conflict that set in train the series of events that led eventually to the capture of Stephen. While their husbands were besieging Lincoln Castle, Matilda and her sister-in-law Hawise, countess of Lincoln, made a friendly social visit to the wife of the castellan. Under the pretext of providing an escort for his wife's safe return to his armed camp, Earl Ranulf penetrated and captured the castle. On the subsequent approach of the king's army towards Lincoln, it is unclear whether Matilda held the castle while Ranulf attempted to rally support or whether she was captured. None the less Ranulf escaped from the castle leaving his wife and sons to face the besieging royalists. Robert, earl of Gloucester, went to the aid of Ranulf since he was worried about the safety of his daughter and grandchildren. In the subsequent battle of Lincoln on 2 February 1141 King Stephen was captured." [Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]

It's worth noting that, at least as of 12 Mar 2017, the ODNB's entry on this Matilda begins with an extremely confused opening sentence that appears to be claiming that she was a daughter of Robert, illegitimate son of Henry I, by his wife Sibyl de Montgomery. In fact Sibyl was Robert's mother-in-law.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Between 1180 and 1181

Notes:

Count of Evreux.

Simon married Maud. Maud died before 1168. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 1031
• Alternate birth: Abt 1031

Notes:

King of the Cumbrians; King of Scots.

Also called Mael Coluim mac Donnchada.

"In 1057 various chroniclers report the death of Macbeth at Malcolm's hand, on 15 August 1057 at Lumphanan in Aberdeenshire." [Wikipedia]

"He defeated and killed Macbeth, King of Scots at Lunfanen, 15 Aug 1057." [Royal Ancestry]

"MALCOLM III, King of Scots, was killed by Morel of Banborough at Alnwick, Northumberland 13 Nov. 1093. He was initially buried at Tyenmouth, but his son, King Alexander I, later removed his body to Dunfermline, Fife." [Royal Ancestry]

Malcolm married St. Margaret of Scotland between 1068 and 1069 in Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland. Margaret (daughter of Eadward "The Exile", Prince of England and Agatha) was born about 1050; died on 16 Nov 1093 in Edinburgh Castle, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland; was buried in Church of the Holy Trinity, Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Margaret of Wessex; Margaret of England.

"Saint Margaret of Scotland (c. 1045 - 16 November 1093), also known as Margaret of Wessex, was an English princess of the House of Wessex. Margaret was sometimes called 'The Pearl of Scotland.' Born in exile in Hungary, she was the sister of Edgar Aetheling, the short-ruling and uncrowned Anglo-Saxon King of England. Margaret and her family returned to England in 1057, but fled to the Kingdom of Scotland following the Norman conquest of England of 1066. Around 1070 Margaret married Malcolm III of Scotland, becoming his queen consort. She was a pious woman, and among many charitable works she established a ferry across the Firth of Forth for pilgrims travelling to Dunfermline Abbey, which gave the towns of South Queensferry and North Queensferry their names. Margaret was the mother of three kings of Scotland and of a queen consort of England. According to the Life of Saint Margaret, attributed to Turgot of Durham, she died at Edinburgh Castle in 1093, just days after receiving the news of her husband's death in battle. In 1250 she was canonised by Pope Innocent IV, and her remains were reinterred in a shrine at Dunfermline Abbey. Her relics were dispersed after the Scottish Reformation and subsequently lost." [Wikipedia]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 31 May 1075, Winchester, Hampshire, England

Notes:

Earl of Northumberland.

"He was present at the marriage of Ralph de Wader at Exning, Cambridgeshire, where the guests entered into a conspiracy against the king. In this he was to some slight extent implicated, but acting on the advice of Archbishop Lanfranc, he crossed over to Normandy to the king, and disclosed the matter to him. The conspiracy having been crushed, the king kept Walthoef with him. But he was accused by his wife, Judith, of more than a mere knowledge of the plot. After a year's deliberation, during which he was imprisoned at Winchester, Waltheof was executed at Winchester, Hampshire 31 May 1075 (or 1076). Two weeks afterward the king allowed his body to be removed to Croyland Abbey, Lincolnshire, where the abbot buried him in the chapterhouse; his remains were subsequently translated into the church near the altar. At an unknown date, Judith was granted the manor of Elstow, Bedfordshire by her uncle, King William the Conqueror. Sometime prior to 1086, she founded a nunnery at Elstow and endowed it with her will." [Royal Ancestry]

Waltheof married Judith of Lens after Jan 1070. Judith (daughter of Lambert II of Boulogne and Alice of Normandy) was born about 1054; died after 1086. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1052
• Alternate death: Abt 1090

Notes:

AR8 says (in a note to 148:22) that, contrary to what was stated in previous editions, Judith was "Adelaide's child by her first marriage to Enguerrand II", but Stewart Baldwin, in the Henry Project's discussion of the three marriages of William I's sister Adelaide, assembles a convincing argument that Judith was a daughter of Lambert of Lens after all. A 19 Nov 2009 post to SGM by John P. Ravilious adds further evidence for the identification of Lambert as her father.

To be fair, Peter Stewart is unconvinced.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 1089

Notes:

1st Earl of Surrey. One of the Conqueror's fifteen proven companions. Died from wounds sustained at the siege of Pevensey.

William married Gundred of Flanders before 1070. Gundred was born in Flanders; died on 27 May 1085 in Castle Acre, Norfolk, England; was buried in Lewes Priory, Sussex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Countess of Surrey. Also called Gundreda de Gand; Gundrada.

"Possibly da. of Gerbod, hereditary advocate of the abbey of St. Bertin at St. Omer." [Complete Peerage]

"[She] was called 'daughter of the Conqueror,' although no evidence was advanced." [Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr., "Royal Bye-Blows: The Illegitimate Children of the English Kings from William I to Edward III", The New England Historical and Genealogical Register 119:94, 1965]

From Wikipedia:

Gundred or Gundreda (Latin: Gundrada) (died 27 May 1085) was the Flemish-born wife of an early Norman baron, William de Warenne, 1st Earl of Surrey. She and her husband established Lewes Priory in Sussex.

Gundred was almost certainly born in Flanders, and was a sister of Gerbod the Fleming, 1st Earl of Chester. She is explicitly so called by Orderic Vitalis, as well as the chronicle of Hyde Abbey. She was also sister of Frederick of Oosterzele-Scheldewindeke, who was killed c. 1070 by Hereward the Wake. Legends based in part on late Lewes priory cartulary suggested Gundred was a daughter of William the Conqueror by his spouse Matilda of Flanders, but this is not accepted by most modern historians. The early-19th-century writer Thomas Stapleton had argued she was a daughter of Matilda, born prior to her marriage to Duke William. This sparked a debate consisting of a series of published papers culminating with those of Edmond Chester Waters and Edward Augustus Freeman who argued the theories could not be supported. Regardless, some genealogical and historical sources continue to make the assertion that she was the Conqueror's daughter.

Gundred married before 1070 William de Warenne, 1st Earl of Surrey (d. 20 June 1088), who rebuilt Lewes Castle, making it his chief residence. Sometime between 1078 and 1082, Gundrada and her husband set out for Rome visiting monasteries along the way. In Burgundy they were unable to go any further due to a war between Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII. They visited Cluny Abbey and were impressed with the monks and their dedication. William and Gundred decided to found a Cluniac priory on their own lands in England. They sent to Hugh the abbot of Cluny for monks to come to England at their monastery. Hugh was reluctant yet eventually sent several monks including Lazlo who became the first abbot. The house they founded was Lewes Priory, dedicated to St. Pancras. Gundred died in childbirth 27 May 1085 at Castle Acre, Norfolk, one of her husband's estates, and was buried at the Chapter house of Lewes Priory. He was later buried beside her.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 18 Oct 1102, Tarsus, Cilicia

Notes:

Count of Crépy. Count of Vermandois and Valois. Duke of France.

Also called Hugh "Magnus".

The place where he died, in what is now south-central Turkey, is the same Tarsus as in "Saul of Tarsus," before he turned into St. Paul.

Post to SGM by Nathaniel Lane Taylor, 22 Jan 2004, about the battle in which Hugues died:

[I]t was I who first first posted the death date & circumstances on Hugh of Vermandois when I started this whole messy thread. But the 1101 date is clearly correct, because Hugh died of wounds after the battle in which a Crusader force was annihilated at Heraklea (Asia Minor) in late September of 1101. There is no mistaking the year, in the chronology of the first Crusade's aftermath. Runciman (2:28-29) does not provide a precise date for that battle, but it was one of three major failures of Western forces the Summer and Fall of 1101. See generally his History of the Crusades, vol. 2, chapter 2, "The Crusades of 1101." On the battle at Heraklea, he says:

"Early in September they [see below] entered Heraclea, which they found deserted as Konya had been. Just beyond the town flowed the river, one of the few Anatolian streams to flow abundantly throughout the summer. The Christian warriors, half-mad from thirst, broke their ranks to rush to the welcoming water. But the Turkish army lay concealed in the thickets on the river banks. As the crusaders surged on in disorder, the Turks sprang out on them and surrounded them. There was no time to reform ranks. Panic spread through the Christian army. Horsemen and infantry were mixed in a dreadful stampede; and as they stumbled in their attempt to flee they were slaughtered by the enemy. The duke of Aquitaine, followed by one of his grooms, cut his way out and rode into the mountains. After many days of wandering through the passes he found his way to Tarsus. Hugh of Vermandois was badly wounded in the battle; but some of his men rescued him and he too reached Tarsus. But he was a dying man. His death took place on 18 October and they buried him there in the Cathedral of St Paul. He never fulfilled his vow to go to Jerusalem. Welf of Bavaria only escaped by throwing away all his armor. After several weeks he arrived with two or three attendants at Antioch. Archbishop Thiemo [of Salzburg] was taken prisoner and martyred for his faith. The fate of the Margravine of Austria is unknown. Later legends said that she ended her days a captive in a far-off harem, where she gave birth to the Moslem hero Zengi. More probably she was thrown from her litter in the panic and trampled to death."

Runciman cites Albert of Aachen, 8.34-40 (pp. 579-82 in the edition he cites); and Ekkehard, 24-26 (pp. 30-32), among other material on the legend of the the Margravine of Austria, etc.

It is PNH's contention that this Hugh le Grand is the exact bellybutton of the Middle Ages. His father was a king of France; his mother was one of the daughters of Yaroslav the Wise, Grand Prince of Kiev; and his daughter Isabel married, as her first husband, one of the Conqueror's proven companions at Hastings. Another daughter, Agnes, married a marcher lord of northern Italy. Through his mother he was also descended from three canonized Kievan saints and two kings of Sweden. He married the last member of the Carolingian dynasty. He died on Crusade. He was called Hugues le Grand. Case closed.

Hugues married Adèle de Vermandois about 1080. Adèle (daughter of Herbert IV and Adela of Vexin) died in 1120; was buried on 28 Sep 1120 in Vermandois, Aisne, Picardy, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Between 1120 and 1124

Notes:

Countess of Vermandois. Last member of the Carolingian dynasty.

According to Royal Ancestry, she died "28 September, between 1120 and 1124."

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Jan 1129
• Alternate death: 17 Jan 1129
• Alternate death: 27 Jan 1129

Notes:

Also called Randle; Ranulf de Briquessart; de Bricasard; Ranulf du Bessin; Ranulf of Chester.

Earl of Chester. Vicomte of Bayeux. Commander of the royal forces in Normandy, 1124.

"Ranulph le Meschin, styled also, 'de Briquessart,' Vicomte de Bayeux in Normandy, s. and h. of Ranulph, Vicomte de Bayeux, by Margaret, sister of Hugh (d'Avranches), Earl of Chester abovenamed, being thus 1st cousin and h. to the last Earl (whom he suc. as Vicomte d'Avranches, &c., in Normandy), obtained, after the Earl's death in 1120, the grant of the county palatine of Chester, becoming thereby Earl of Chester. He appears thereupon to have surrendered the Lordship of the great district of Cumberland, which he had acquired, shortly before, from Henry I. In 1124 he was Commander of the Royal forces in Normandy. He m. Lucy, widow of Roger Fitz-Gerold (by whom she was mother of William de Roumare, afterwards Earl of Lincoln). He d. 17 or 27 Jan. 1129, and was bur. at St. Werburg's, Chester. The Countess Lucy confirmed, as his widow, the grant of the Manor of Spalding to the monks of that place." [Complete Peerage III:166, incorporating corrections from volume XIV.]

Ranulf married Lucy of Bolingbroke about 1098. Lucy was born in of Spalding, Lincolnshire, England; died about 1138. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

"Lucy of Bolingbroke (died circa 1138) was an Anglo-Norman heiress in central England and, later in life, countess of Chester. Probably related to the old English earls of Mercia, she came to possess extensive lands in Lincolnshire which she passed on to her husbands and sons. She was a notable religious patron, founding or co-founding two small religious houses and endowing several with lands and churches. [...] Lucy, as widowed countess, founded the convent of Stixwould in 1135, becoming, in the words of one historian, 'one of the few aristocratic women of the late eleventh and twelfth centuries to achieve the role of independent lay founder.'" [Wikipedia]

Much controversy has ensued over her parentage. Appendix J to volume 7 of the Complete Peerage sums up the state of play in 1929: "The parentage of the Countess Lucy is one of the unsolved puzzles of genealogy. The only direct statements about it are in the Peterborough Chronicle and the pseudo-Ingulf’s Chronicle of Crowland, which agree in saying that she was daughter of Aelfgar, Earl of Mercia, and niece or grandniece of Thorold, sometime Sheriff of co. Lincoln. All that is certainly known is that she was niece of Robert Malet of Eye and of Alan of Lincoln, and that Thorold the Sheriff was a kinsman." The essay goes on to state that a good but not conclusive case can be made for her parents being Thorold the sheriff and an unnamed daughter of Robert Malet.

The ODNB calls Lucy merely "heir of the honour of Bolingbroke". In 1995 Katharine Keats-Rohan made a case for the Thorold hypothesis, but Rosie Bevan argued on SGM that "the main sticking point [...] is that although Lucy is mentioned a few times as Thorold's heir she is not named as his daughter." Bevan went on to propose that the incomplete evidence could as easily be used to argue that Lucy's parents were William Malet (son of Robert) and a daughter of earl Alfgar III.

The one point on which everyone appears to agree is that one of Lucy's parents has to have been a Malet, because in 1153 the future Henry II promised the honour of Eye to Ranulph, earl of Chester, to be held as "Robert Malet the uncle of his mother [i.e., Lucy] held it."

Notes:

Earl of Gloucester. Also called Robert de Caen; Robert fitz Roy; Rufus; Robert "The Counsel".

Fought at Brémulé, 20 Apr 1119, where Henry I defeated Louis VI. Present at the death of Henry I in Dec 1135. Commander-in-chief for the Empress Maud from 1139 on. From Complete Peerage: "In 1140 he burnt Nottingham, and in Feb. 1141 he and his son-in-law, Ranulph, Earl of Chester, relieved Lincoln and took Stephen prisoner, sending him to Bristol. He accompanied Maud in her progress to Winchester and London, and when the citizens drove her out fled with her to Oxford. He took part in the fighting at Winchester and helped Maud escape from the city, but was captured 14 Sep. (1141) at Stockbridge and taken prisoner to Rochester. Shortly afterwards he was exchanged, without concessions on either side, for Stephen, who was set at liberty on 1 Nov., and Robert then joined Maud at Bristol, and with her proceeded to Oxford. In June 1142 Maud sent him over to her husband, Geoffrey of Anjou, to urge him to invade England. It would appear that on this occasion Robert entered into a treaty of alliance with Miles of Gloucester, Earl of Hereford. Geoffrey declined to help until he had conquered Normandy, whereupon Robert joined him in his campaign. On hearing that Maud was besieged in Oxford, Robert hurried back to help her, taking with him her son, afterwards Henry II. He captured Wareham and other places, and on Maud's escape from Oxford he and Henry met her at Wallingford, and they went to Bristol, which was Robert's chief residence till 1146. In 1143 Robert defeated Stephen at Wilton, and in 1144 blockaded Malmesbury, Stephen refusing battle; but Maud's party was now so much reduced that Stephen was able to take Faringdon, which Robert had fortified. In the spring of 1147 Robert took Henry, Maud's son, back to Wareham and sent him over to Anjou; and in the same year, he founded Margam Abbey." Shortly thereafter he died of a sudden fever, in the priory of St. James in Bristol, which he had earlier founded; his death effectively ended Maud's military campaign. The Dictionary of National Biography (1909) said that "his sister's cause almost invariably prospered when she allowed him to direct her counsels, and declined as soon as she neglected his advice."

He was highly literate, a patron of scholars and chroniclers such as Geoffrey of Monmouth and William of Malmesbury, the latter of whom wrote the Historia Novella at his request. An enemy, Baldwin Fitz Gilbert, called him someone who "threatens much but does little, lionlike in his speech, but like a hare in his heart, great in eloquence but insignificant through laziness", which is pretty much the same insult lobbed by all of history's meatheads at people who are, like Robert, both well-spoken and ruthless at war. When Ralph Peters calls the slayer of Osama bin Laden, warlord of Libya and Afghanistan, commander of a secret empire of unimaginable violence, a "pussy", it's the voice of Baldwin Fitz Gilbert we hear. No matter how many cities you burn, if you also talk like an intellectual, some people will feel that you've let the meathead side down.

Robert married Mabel fitz Robert before 1122. Mabel (daughter of Robert fitz Hamon and Sibyl de Montgomery) died on 29 Sep 1157. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Mabel Fitz Hamon.

Notes:

Count of Evreux.

Amauri married Agnes de Garlande. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

The Blackmans of Knight's Creek calls her "a niece of Stephen de Garlande."

Notes:

Also called Donnchad I mac Crinain; "An t-Ilgarach" ("The Diseased" or "The Sick").

Murdered by Macbeth. Bothirgouane, Bothgouanan is now called Pitgaveny.

Duncan married Suthen. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Called by Richardson merely an unnamed "cousin of Siward, Earl of Northumberland" and by Ancestral Roots "a dau. of Siward, Danish Earl of Northumbria". Stewart Baldwin's coverage at the Henry Project is here; he notes that "[t]he name of Suthen is known only from an interlined addition to a king list contained in an early fourteenth century manuscript." The name "Suthen" is Gaelic; as Baldwin observes, "if the name is correct, it would call into question the suggestion that Suthen was a relative of Siward."

Eadward married Agatha. Agatha was born between 1015 and 1035; died after 1067. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Probably the single most argued-over figure in medieval genealogy.

Notes:

Also called Sigvarthr. Earl of Northumberland. "The life of King Edward recorded his nickname as 'Digri', or 'Digara', from the Danish Diger meaning 'the Stout', or 'the Strong'. A legend preserved in the twelfth century noted that Siward was descended from the union of a white bear and a noblewoman." [Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]

"Siward, a Dane, who perhaps came to England with Cnut, was an Earl (probably of the southern -- Danish -- portion of the ancient Northumbria) in or before 1041. His marriage had given him some claim to the hereditary Earldom of Northumberland, and in or before 1042 the murder of his wife's uncle Eadulf put him, as Earl, in possession of the whole of Northumbria, from Humber to Tweed. He was presumably Earl also of Northampton and Huntingdon. He gave active support to the Confessor against Earl Godwin and his sons, and in 1054 led a force of English and Danes against the Scottish usurper Macbeth, which put Malcolm, regis Cumbrorum filium, upon his murdered father's throne. He m, 1stly, Elfleda, daughter of Aldred, Earl of Northumbria (d. s.p.m.); and 2ndly, Godiva, a widow. He d. 1055, at York, and was buried at the neighboring abbey of Galmanho, which he had founded." [Complete Peerage IX:702-3]

"Siward succeeded Earl Erik of Hlathir in southern Northumbria between 1023 and 1033, the dates of Erik's last appearance in a charter and Siward's first. Siward was one of those to whom Cnut delegated significant authority in England while he was occupied in his Scandinavian lands. [...] Siward is named by the Norman chronicler William of Poitiers as being one of those magnates of England who swore an oath to secure Duke William of Normandy's succession to the English throne. Siward's rule in Northumbria was seen as particularly harsh but effective by contemporary sources. The life of King Edward describes how before the earl's time parties of even twenty or thirty men were not safe from robbers, but that Siward's policy of killing or mutilating the miscreants, however noble, brought security to the region. [...] Henry of Huntingdon described Earl Siward as a giant of a man 'whose vigour of mind was equal to his bodily strength' (Huntingdon, Historia Anglorum (OMT), 376). During an attack on Scotland, when one of his sons was killed, Siward enquired whether he had received his wound in front or behind. When informed that the wound had been received in front, the earl rejoiced that his son had died a fitting death. This may refer to the death of Osbeorn at the hands of the Scots in 1054. Also according to Henry of Huntingdon, Earl Siward himself died of dysentery. He felt ashamed that he was not going to die in one of his many battles and asked to be dressed in his armour, so that, with shield and battleaxe in his hands, he might die a soldier's death. This was at York, before mid-Lent 1055, when he was buried in the monastery which he had founded at ‘Galmanho’, dedicated to St Olaf, king and martyr—which indicates Siward's continued Danish sympathies." [Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]

Siward married Ælfled of Bernicia. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Count of Lens; Governor of Lille Castle.

Killed in the battle of Lille.

Lambert married Alice of Normandy in 1054. Alice (daughter of Robert I and (Unknown mistress of Robert I)) was born about 1030; died before 1090. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Bef 1035
• Alternate death: Bef 1096

Notes:

Countess of Aumale.

Also called Aelidis; Adeliza; Adelisa; Adelidis.

Definitely a daughter of Robert I, Duke of Normandy; probably by his mistress Herleve/Arlette, but possibly by a different mistress.

"Adelaide or Adeliz, sister ot William the Conqueror, being illeg. da. of Robert, Duke of the Normans, by Herleve or Harlotte, da. of Fulbert or Robert, a pelliparius of Falaise, is mentioned in Domesday as Comitissa de Albamarla and as holding some manors in Essex and Suffolk. In 1082, William, King of the English, and Maud, his wife, gave to the Abbey of La Trinité at Caen the bourg of Le Homme (de Hulmo) in the Cotentin, "sed et Comitissa A. de Albamarla concedente eo videlicet pacto ut ipsa teneret in vita sua." (") Adelaide m., 1stly, Enguerrand II, Count of Ponthieu, who d. s.p.m., being slain in 1053. She m., 2ndly, Lambert, Count of Lens in Artois, who d. s.p.m., being slain in 1054. She m., 3rdly, Eudes, the disinherited Count of Champagne, who had taken refuge in Normandy. She d. before 1090. Her husband obtained Holderness after the date of Domesday. Having conspired against William II in 1094, he was imprisoned in 1096. He occurs as Comes Odo in the Lindsay Survey (1115-18)." [Complete Peerage I:351-52]

Notes:

Shown to be next in line by K. S. B. Keats-Rohan.

Rodulf married Emma. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Henri married Anne of Kiev, Queen Consort of France on 19 May 1051 in Rheims, Marne, Champagne-Ardenne, France. Anne (daughter of Yaroslav I "The Wise", Grand Prince of Kiev and Ingegerd (St. Anna) of Sweden) was born in 1036 in Kiev, Ukraine; died after 1075. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Bef 1079

Notes:

Also known as Agnes of Kiev and Anna Yaroslavna.

According to Royal Ancestry, she died "5 Sept., between 1075 and 1078."

Notes:

Count of Vermandois and Valois.

Herbert married Adela of Vexin before 1068. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Adelaide of Vermandois; Adele of Valois.

Notes:

Sometimes also called Ranulph le Meschin, but that seems to have originally been applied to his son, as "meschin" means "younger" or "junior." Vicomte de Bessin; Count of Bayeux.

"The Bessin is an area in Normandy, France, corresponding to the territory of the Bajocasses tribe of Gaul who also gave their name to the city of Bayeux, central town of the Bessin. [...] The Bessin corresponds to the former diocese of Bayeux, which was incorporated into the Calvados département following the French Revolution." [Wikipedia]

Ranulph married Margaret d'Avranches. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

The ODNB calls her "Matilda, daughter of Richard, vicomte of the Avranchin."

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Between May and Sep 1068, Selby, Yorkshire, England
• Alternate birth: Between Feb and May 1069, Selby, Yorkshire, England
• Alternate birth: 1068-1069
• Alternate birth: 1068-1069

Notes:

Called "Beauclerc" by later historians, but not during his lifetime.

Died after eating lampreys, which had been forbidden to him by his physician. Body buried at Reading Abbey, England. Entrails buried at Port-du-Salut Abbey, France. The Middle Ages: weird.

Henry married (Unknown mistress or mistresses of Henry I). [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Made (by Henry I) hereditary Governor of Caen, circa 1105. Called by the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (in the article on his father-in-law) "of south Wales." Called "Earl of Gloucester" by later chroniclers, but he was never styled that in his lifetime. Refounded Tewkesbury Abbey in 1092.

Robert married Sibyl de Montgomery between 1087 and 1090. Sibyl (daughter of Roger de Montgomery and Mabel de Bellême) died after 1107. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Aft 1086

Simon married Agnès d'Évreux. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Seneschal of France.

Anseau married Rancie. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Mentioned 1192.