Margaret de Clare

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1287
• Alternate death: Between 22 Oct 1333 and 3 Jan 1334

Notes:

"[Bartholomew's] widow, Margaret, continued a prisoner in the Tower of London for several months. Through the mediation of her son-in-law, William de Roos, Knt., she obtained her freedom 3 Nov. 1322. She subsequently retired to the convent house of the Minorite Sisters without Aldgate, and had two shillings per day allowed for her maintenance. In 1327 she petitioned the king and council, stating that while she was in the king's prison, Robert de Welles, husband of her younger sister, Maud de Clare, with the aid and maintenance of Hugh de Despenser, had the lands of their Clare inheritance assessed, and took Maud's share, both in England and Ireland; Margaret requested that the division be made again, according to the assessments returned in Chancery, and that she might have her choice of her share, as she is the elder sister, which request was granted." [Royal Ancestry]

Margaret married Gilbert de Umfreville in 1289. Gilbert (son of Gilbert de Umfreville and Elizabeth Comyn) died before 23 May 1303; was buried in Hexham Priory, Northumberland, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married Bartholomew de Badlesmere before 29 Sep 1305. Bartholomew (son of Guncelin de Badlesmere) was born about 1275 in of Badlesmere, Kent, England; died on 12 Apr 1322 in Canterbury, Kent, England; was buried in Church of the Friars Minor, Canterbury, Kent, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

1. Margery de Badlesmere was born about 1306; died on 18 Oct 1363.
2. Maud de Badlesmere was born about 1308; died on 24 May 1366; was buried in Earl's Colne Priory, Halstead, Great Bromley, Essex, England.
3. Elizabeth de Badlesmere was born about 1313; died on 8 Jun 1356 in Rochford, Essex, England; was buried in Black Friars, Holborn, London, England.
4. Margaret de Badlesmere was born on 3 Dec 1314; died between 1344 and 1347.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Between 1245 and 1246, of Thomond in Connacht, Clare, Ireland
• Alternate birth: Between 1245 and 1246
• Alternate death: Feb 1288

Notes:

Constable of Colchester Castle; Steward of the Forest of Essex; King's Lieutenant in Gascony; Governor of London; Warden of the Forest of Dean; Constable of St. Briavel's Castle.

Studied at Oxford 1257-9.

"He joined his brother, Gilbert, against King Henry III and was knighted by Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester, before the Battle of Lewes 14 May 1264. He subsequently deserted the baronial cause with his brother, Earl Gilbert. In May 1265 Thomas arranged the gift of a speedy horse to Prince Edward, by means of which Prince Edward escaped from Simon de Montfort at Hereford. Thomas fought for the king at the Battle of Evesham 4 August 1265. In 1267 he took the cross at St. Paul's, London, being moved by the preaching of the papal legate, Ottobuono. [...] He went on crusade to the Holy Land with Prince Edward in 1271, and returned in 1272." [Royal Ancestry]

This Thomas de Clare was identified in early volumes of the Complete Peerage as a son of Sir Richard de Clare d. 1262, and then removed in volume 14 in the articles on Badlesmere and Clare. Despite this, it appears to be correct; Chris Phillips lays out the details here.

Thomas married Juliane fitz Maurice before 18 Feb 1275. Juliane (daughter of Maurice fitz Maurice and Maud de Prendergast) was born in of Offaly, Ireland; died before 24 Sep 1300. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 15 Jul 1262, Ashenfield, Waltham, Kent, England

Notes:

Earl of Gloucester; Earl of Hertford; High Marshal and Chief Butler to the Archbishop of Canterbury; Privy Councillor 1255, 1258; Warden of the Isle of Portland, Weymouth, and Wyke, 1257.

From the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography:

Richard de Clare was a minor at the time of his father's death, and heir to one of the greatest collections of estates and lordships in all of England and Wales. His wardship and marriage were thus matters of the keenest interest to the politically powerful and ambitious of the day. The justiciar Hubert de Burgh, using his position in the government of Henry III, managed to have custody of Richard assigned to himself. On Hubert's fall from power in 1232, the king transferred custody of both Richard and his lands to the new royal favourites, Peter des Roches, bishop of Winchester, and his nephew Peter des Rivaux. Hubert de Burgh's wife, in an apparent effort to rescue the family fortunes, secretly married Richard de Clare to her daughter Margaret; but the marriage was apparently never consummated, and was in any event mooted by Margaret's death in 1237. In the meantime both Peter des Roches and Peter des Rivaux had themselves fallen from power in 1234, and thereafter King Henry kept the wardship in his own hands, although allowing custody of at least some of the Clare lands to be secured by Richard de Clare's uncle Gilbert Marshal, earl of Pembroke. During this time the king began searching for a suitable marriage. A proposed arrangement with the great French comital family, the Lusignans, fell through, and in 1238 Richard de Clare was married to Maud, daughter of John de Lacy, earl of Lincoln. The prime mover in the marriage negotiations seems to have been the king's brother, Richard of Cornwall, who was Richard de Clare's stepfather, having married the widowed Isabel Marshal in 1231. Notwithstanding his marriage Clare remained the ward of the king until 1243, when he came of age and received both official seisin of his inheritance and formal dubbing to knighthood.

The complexities, intricacies, and rivalries involved in the story of Richard de Clare's wardship are an excellent case study of the stakes and resources at issue when contemplating the lives of the upper aristocracy in the thirteenth century. A connection to Richard de Clare was a prize well worth pursuing at full tilt. His inheritance was vast. [...] Richard de Clare was, by every criterion--annual income (close to £4000), knight's fees (nearly 500), and both the sheer number of and the strategic location of his estates and lordships--easily the richest and potentially the most powerful baron, next to the members of the immediate royal family, in the British Isles (excluding Scotland) as a whole.

From Wikipedia:

He joined in the Barons' letter to the Pope in 1246 against the exactions of the Curia in England. He was among those in opposition to the King's half-brothers, who in 1247 visited England, where they were very unpopular, but afterwards he was reconciled to them.

In August 1252/3 the King crossed over to Gascony with his army, and to his great indignation the Earl refused to accompany him and went to Ireland instead. In August 1255 he and John Maunsel were sent to Edinburgh by the King to find out the truth regarding reports which had reached the King that his son-in-law, Alexander III, King of Scotland, was being coerced by Robert de Roos and John Balliol. If possible, they were to bring the young King and Queen to him. The Earl and his companion, pretending to be two of Roos's knights, obtained entry to Edinburgh Castle, and gradually introduced their attendants, so that they had a force sufficient for their defense. They gained access to the Scottish Queen, who made her complaints to them that she and her husband had been kept apart. They threatened Roos with dire punishments, so that he promised to go to the King.

Meanwhile the Scottish magnates, indignant at their Castle of Edinburgh's being in English hands, proposed to besiege it, but they desisted when they found they would be besieging their King and Queen. The King of Scotland apparently traveled South with the Earl, for on 24 September they were with King Henry III at Newminster, Northumberland."

*****

In July 1258 Richard de Clare and his brother William both fell ill. The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography describes contemporary reports that this was due to an attempted poisoning, "supposedly instigated by King Henry's uncle, William de Valence, earl of Pembroke, in retaliation for Clare's support of the baronial reform movement; and Valence's purported agent in the plot, Clare's seneschal, Walter de Scoteny, was tried and hanged." William died, but Richard survived with the loss of his hair and nails. In 1259 Richard was appointed chief ambassador to the Duke of Brittany, presumably in hopes of frightening the duke by sending a hairless, nailless creature to his court. Three years later, Richard died at Ashenfield, Waltham, Kent, on the 15th, the 16th, or the 22nd of July 1262. It was again bruited about that he had been poisoned, this time by the Queen's uncle Peter of Savoy, but the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, noting that "the annals of Tewkesbury Abbey are the single most valuable literary source for the reconstruction of [de Clare] family history for this period", points out that "the silence of the Tewkesbury account on this point strongly indicates that such rumours were unfounded."

In a perfectly medieval series of postmortem events, Richard de Clare's body was borne to the Cathedral Church of Christ at Canterbury, where his entrails were buried before the altar of St. Edward the Confessor; it was then taken to the Collegiate Church of Tonbridge, Kent, where his heart was buried; finally, what remained of his body was taken to Tewkesbury Abbey in Gloucestershire where it was buried in the choir at his father's right hand.

Richard married Maud de Lacy about 25 Jan 1238. Maud (daughter of John de Lacy and Margaret de Quincy) died before 10 Mar 1289. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Between 1288 and 1289
• Alternate death: Aft 1288

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 1286

Notes:

Justiciar of Ireland, 1272-3. Also called Maurice fitz Maurice fitz Gerald. Not to be confused with Maurice fitz Gerald (d. 1268) who was the son of his brother Gerald fitz Maurice (d. 1243).

Maurice married Maud de Prendergast before 28 Oct 1259. Maud (daughter of Gerald de Prendergast and (Unknown) de Burgh) was born about 1242; died before 1276. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Earl of Hertford. Earl of Gloucester.

Along with his father, he was among the 25 Magna Carta sureties, as such excommunicated by Innocent III on 16 Dec 1215, despite the fact that he was by then among the group negotiating with the king for peace.

Fought on the side of Louis of France at the Battle of Lincoln, 19-20 May 1217; taken prisoner by his future father-in-law William Marshal and subsequently released, his lands restored. In later life, led various armies against the Welsh.

Gilbert married Isabel Marshal on 9 Oct 1217. Isabel (daughter of William Marshal and Isabel de Clare) was born on 9 Oct 1200 in Pembroke, Pembrokeshire, Wales; died on 17 Jan 1240 in Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire, England; was buried in Beaulieu Abbey, Hampshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Bef 1247

Notes:

Suo jure Countess of Pembroke. Wikipedia: "When Isabel was dying she asked to be buried next to her first husband at Tewkesbury Abbey, but Richard had her interred at Beaulieu Abbey, with her infant son, instead. As a pious gesture, however, he sent her heart, in a silver-gilt casket, to Tewkesbury."

Notes:

Also called John of Chester. Earl of Lincoln. Magna Carta surety.

Hereditary Constable of Chester; Keeper of Duninton Castle 1214; Constable of Whitchurch Castle 1233; Privy Councillor 1237; Sheriff of Cheshire 1237; Constable of Chester and Beeston Castles 1237.

"In 1218 he went on the Fifth Crusade with Earl Ranulf of Chester and was present at the siege of Damietta." [The Ancestry of Dorothea Poyntz, citation details below.]

John married Margaret de Quincy before 21 Jun 1221. Margaret (daughter of Robert de Quincy and Hawise of Chester) was born before 1217; died before 30 Mar 1266 in Hampstead, Middlesex, England; was buried in Church of the Hospitallers, Clerkenwell, London, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1209

Notes:

Identified by Wightman as Margaret de Quincy, but his report of her parentage is wrong.

"Margaret de Quincy, 2nd Countess of Lincoln suo jure (c. 1206 – March 1266) was a wealthy English noblewoman and heiress having inherited in her own right the Earldom of Lincoln and honours of Bolingbroke from her mother Hawise of Chester, received a dower from the estates of her first husband, and acquired a dower third from the extensive earldom of Pembroke following the death of her second husband, Walter Marshal, 5th Earl of Pembroke. Her first husband was John de Lacy, 2nd Earl of Lincoln, by whom she had two children. He was created 2nd Earl of Lincoln by right of his marriage to Margaret. Margaret has been described as 'one of the two towering female figures of the mid-13th century'." [Wikipedia]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1194, of Offaly, Ireland

Notes:

Justiciar of Ireland.

"He was knighted in July 1217. As Maurice FitzGerald, lord of Lea, the younger, he was one of the formal witnesses to a covenant of dower made in the great church of Naas in Mar. 1227. In Oct. 1229 he was summoned to London, to accompany the King's expedition to Poitou and Gascony. He was appointed Justiciar of Ireland 2 (or 4) Sep. 1232. His good fame was damaged in 1234 by the report that it was he who (ultimately -- because the wounded Earl was in his care) contrived the death of Richard (Marshal), Earl of Pembroke. In Feb. 1234/5 the King wrote criticising FitzGerald's proceedings in office. He was several times summoned to England as Justiciar, to give counsel upon the affairs of Ireland. In 1245 he laid the foundations of Sligo Castle; and on 4 Nov. of that year was superseded in office by the appointment of John FitzGeoffrey. The King appears afterwards to have regretted the loss of a councillor saved by distance from partisanship on the sore question of his foreign favourites. In 1250 FitzGerald was a commissioner of the Treasury, and of the Council. In Jan. and Feb. 1250/1 he was at Court in England. In Jan. 1253/4 he received an urgent summons from the King. He is said to have m. Juliane. He d. in 1257, at the monastery of Youghal, which he had founded, and was bur. there." [Complete Peerage]

Maurice married Juliane. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Or Gerard. Summoned in 1229 for service in Brittany; 1242 for service against the Scots. Founded the priory of St. John near Enniscorthy in 1230.

Gerald married (Unknown) de Burgh. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1155
• Alternate death: Nov 1217
• Alternate death: 28 Nov 1217

Notes:

Earl of Hertford and of Gloucester. Also styled Earl of Clare.

Along with his son Gilbert, he was one of the 25 Magna Carta sureties.

Richard married Amice of Gloucester about 1180. Amice (daughter of William fitz Robert and Hawise of Leicester) died on 1 Jan 1225. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Amice fitz William.

According to RA, she was not "recognized" before her death as "Countess of Gloucester," despite CP's assertion to this effect. All contemporary charters and other documents involving her refer to her as countess of Clare, i.e., Hertford.

Notes:

Also spelled William le Mareschal. Earl of Pembroke.

Hereditary Marshal of England; Sheriff of Gloucestershire 1189-94; Sheriff of Sussex 1193-1208; Warden of the Forest of Dean and Constable of St. briavels Castle 1194-1206; Constable of Lillebonne 1202; Protector and Regent of the Kingdom 1216-19; and, in right of his wife, Earl of Pembroke and Striguil and Lord of Leinster. Advisor to King John at Runnymede.

Wikipedia:

"William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke [...], also called William the Marshal (Norman French: Williame le Mareschal; Anglo-Norman: Guillaume le Marechal), was an English (or Anglo-Norman) soldier and statesman. Stephen Langton eulogized him as the 'best knight that ever lived.' He served four kings -- Henry II, Richard I, John, and Henry III -- and rose from obscurity to become a regent of England for the last of the four, and so one of the most powerful men in Europe. Before him, the hereditary title of 'Marshal' designated head of household security for the king of England; by the time he died, people throughout Europe (not just England) referred to him simply as 'the Marshal'. He received the title of 1st Earl of Pembroke through marriage during the second creation of the Pembroke earldom."

William married Isabel de Clare in Aug 1189 in London, England. Isabel (daughter of Richard "Strongbow" fitz Gilbert and Eve of Leinster) was born in 1173; died on 7 Mar 1220; was buried in Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire, Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Jan 1212

Notes:

Also called Roger of Chester, Roger Helle, Roger de Lisours.

Hereditary Constable of Cheshire; Sheriff of Lancashire. Sheriff of York and Chester, 1204-10. Was at the storming of Acre, 1191. "His raids against the Welsh are said to have earned him the nickname 'Roger of Hell.'" [The Ancestry of Dorothea Poyntz]

Roger married Maud de Clare. Maud (daughter of Richard de Clare and Amice of Gloucester) died in 1213. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Aft 10 Jul 1220

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Bef 1232

Notes:

First of his name. Not to be confused with his younger brother Robert de Quincy (1200-1257).

"The circumstances of his death by misadventure -- he was accidentally poisoned through medicine prepared by a Cistercian monk -- are fully described by Giraldus [Brackley Deeds]. His heart was bur. with that of his mother at Brackley." [Complete Peerage]

Robert married Hawise of Chester between 1197 and 1200. Hawise (daughter of Hugh of Chester and Bertrade de Montfort) was born in 1180; died before 19 Feb 1243. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Between 1174 and 1181
• Alternate death: Between 1241 and 1243
• Alternate death: 6 Jun 1241
• Alternate death: Bef 3 Mar 1243
• Alternate death: 6 Jun 1243

Notes:

Suo jure Countess of Lincoln.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1150

Notes:

From the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography:

Fitzgerald, Gerald fitz Maurice (d. 1204), magnate, was a son of Maurice Fitzgerald (d. 1176). He accompanied his father to Ireland and he and his brother Alexander were with him when the Norman garrison in Dublin was besieged in 1171 by Ruaidri " Conchobair, king of Connacht and claimant to the high-kingship. John, son of Henry II, as lord of Ireland confirmed to fitz Maurice c. 1185 - 9 the half cantred of Uí Fáeláin which included Uí Máel Rubae, Rathmore, Maynooth, Laraghbryan, Taghadoe, and Straffan (in Kildare), which had been granted to him by his brother William (d. c. 1199); and also lands in Uí Glaisin in the kingdom of Cork which had devolved to him as heir of his brother Alexander, who had been enfeoffed by Robert fitz Stephen. At some time between 1194 and 1204 Philip of Worcester made to fitz Maurice grants of land in what are now counties Limerick and Tipperary.

Gerald fitz Maurice married Eva (d. c. 1225), daughter and heir of Robert of Bermingham, who had been granted Uí Failge (Offaly) by Richard fitz Gilbert, earl of Pembroke and lord of Striguil (known as Strongbow), and succeeded to the lordship of Offaly in right of his wife. He died before 15 January 1204, when Meiler fitz Henry, justiciar, was ordered to give wardship of his heir, custody of his castles, and lands (including the castles of Lea and Geashill in Uí Failge) to William (I) Marshal as lord of Leinster. He was to be succeeded by his son, Maurice Fitzgerald (d. 1257), who had come of age by 1215. His widow, Eva, married Geoffrey fitz Robert (d. 1211), lord of Kells, and Geoffrey de Marisco, justiciar. Gerald fitz Maurice Fitzgerald was ancestor of the earls of Kildare, later dukes of Leinster.

Gerald married Eve de Bermingham. Eve (daughter of Robert de Bermingham) died about 1225. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Bef Dec 1226

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: of Wexford, Ireland

Philip married Maud de Quincy. Maud (daughter of Robert de Quincy and (Unknown) de Clare) was born in 1172. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 1173

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1200, Connaught, Ireland
• Alternate death: Bef 17 Feb 1243, Gascony, France

Notes:

Seneschal of Munster; Keeper of Limerick Castle; Lord of Connaught; Justiciar of Ireland 1228-32.

Richard married Gille de Lacy before 21 Apr 1225. Gille (daughter of Walter de Lacy and Margaret de Briouze) was born in of Dublin, Ireland; died in 1242. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Aft 22 Feb 1247

Notes:

Also called Egidia de Lacy.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Aft 1115, of Clare, Herefordshire, England

Notes:

Also called Roger Fitz Richard. 2nd Earl of Hertford, but generally styled Earl of Clare.

Roger married Maud de St. Hilary. Maud (daughter of James de St. Hilary du Harcourt and Aveline) was born in of Field Dalling, Norfolk, England; died on 24 Dec 1193; was buried in Priory of Great Carbrooke, Norfolk, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 1195

Notes:

Also called Maud de St. Hilaire du Harcouet.

Notes:

Earl of Gloucester. Governor of Wareham Castle, 1144.

"After Henry II's accession in 1154 William's status with his royal cousin began to change. The honour of Eudo Dapifer, which Henry had earlier promised to the earl's son, was given to another. Gloucester understandably yielded place of honour at court to members of the royal family like the king's brother William, and even to Robert, earl of Leicester, who was chief justiciar; but William was also regularly outranked by his uncle, Reginald, earl of Cornwall, who held no central administrative office. In the 1150s there is evidence of a certain ambivalence in Henry's government about Gloucester's right to be exempted from geld and other remittances. The earl's infrequent court appearances indicate that he was becoming a political outsider. Even though he was ultimately favoured by the bountiful royal fiscal patronage accorded to members of his class, served as a royal justice, and was promised that he would enjoy all the estates his father had held, William was to die with his career, earldom, and house in ruins." [Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]

William married Hawise of Leicester about 1150. Hawise (daughter of Robert of Meulan and Amice de Gael) died on 24 Apr 1197. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Hawise de Beaumont.

Notes:

Also called John the Marshal.

Wikipedia:

"John FitzGilbert the Marshal of the Horses [...] was a minor Anglo-Norman nobleman during the reign of King Stephen, and fought in the 12th century civil war on the side of Empress Matilda. Since at least 1130 and probably earlier, he had been the royal marshal to King Henry I. When Henry died, John FitzGilbert swore for Stephen and was granted the castles of Marlborough and Ludgershall, Wiltshire during this time. Along with Hamstead Marshal, this gave him control of the valley of the River Kennet in Wiltshire. Around 1139, John changed sides and swore for the Empress Matilda. In September 1141, Matilda fled the siege of Winchester and took refuge in the Marshal's castle at Ludgershall. While covering her retreat from Winchester, John Marshal was forced to take refuge at Wherwell Abbey. The attackers set fire to the building, and John lost an eye to dripping lead from the melting roof.

"In 1152, John had a celebrated confrontation with King Stephen, who had besieged him at Newbury Castle. After John had broken an agreement to surrender, Stephen threatened to kill his son, whom John had given as a hostage. John refused, saying he could make more sons, but Stephen apparently took pity on the young boy and did not kill him. The boy grew up to be William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke, a legendary figure in medieval lore, and one of the most powerful men in England."

John married Sybil de Salisbury. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Sibel d'Evreux.

Died on a 3 June, year unknown.

Notes:

Earl of Pembroke. Earl of Striguil. Justiciar of Ireland.

Also called Richard de Clare.

"Like his father, he was also commonly known by his nickname Strongbow (Norman French: Arc-Fort). He was an English lord notable for his leading role in the Norman invasion of Ireland. [...] Strongbow was the statesman, whereas Raymond was the soldier, of the conquest. He is vividly described by Giraldus Cambrensis as a tall and fair man, of pleasing appearance, modest in his bearing, delicate in features, of a low voice, but sage in council and the idol of his soldiers." [Wikipedia]

Richard married Eve of Leinster about 26 Aug 1170 in Waterford, Munster, Ireland. Eve (daughter of Diarmait mac Murchada, King of Leinster and Mor ni Tuathail) was born about 1145; died after 1185; was buried in Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire, Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Aft 1187

Notes:

Also called Aoife ni Darmait; Aoife MacMurrough; Red Eva.

From Wikipedia:

"On the 29 August 1170, following the Norman invasion of Ireland that her father had requested, she married Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, better known as Strongbow, the leader of the Norman invasion force, in Reginald's Tower in Waterford. She had been promised to Strongbow by her father who had visited England to ask for an invasion army. He was not allowed to give his daughter away, as under Early Irish Law Aoife had the choice of whom she married, but she had to agree to an arranged marriage, that is, to select from a list of suitable suitors.

"Under Anglo-Norman law, this gave Strongbow succession rights to the Kingdom of Leinster. Under Irish Brehon law, the marriage gave her a life interest only, after which any land would normally revert to male cousins; but Brehon law also recognised a transfer of 'swordland' following a conquest. Aoife conducted battles on behalf of her husband and is sometimes known as Red Eva (Irish: Aoife Rua)."

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 1190, Tyre

Notes:

Constable of Chester. Died at the siege of Acre in the Third Crusade.

Also called John de Lacy; John fitz Eustace. Richardson calls him only "John."

John married Alice fitz Roger. Alice (daughter of Roger fitz Richard and Alice de Vere) died after 1190. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Alice de Vere.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1155
• Alternate death: Nov 1217
• Alternate death: 28 Nov 1217

Notes:

Earl of Hertford and of Gloucester. Also styled Earl of Clare.

Along with his son Gilbert, he was one of the 25 Magna Carta sureties.

Richard married Amice of Gloucester about 1180. Amice (daughter of William fitz Robert and Hawise of Leicester) died on 1 Jan 1225. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Amice fitz William.

According to RA, she was not "recognized" before her death as "Countess of Gloucester," despite CP's assertion to this effect. All contemporary charters and other documents involving her refer to her as countess of Clare, i.e., Hertford.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: of Grantchester, Cambridgeshire, England

Notes:

Earl of Winchester. Also spelled Saier, Saer.

Magna Carta surety.

Steward of the King 1205-7; Constable of Fotheringay Castle 1215; Judge in the King's Court 1211, 1213-14; Keeper of Canford and Hedingham Castles 1214.

Died in the Fifth Crusade. His heart was brought back and interred at Garendon Abbey near Loughborough, a house endowed by his wife's family. The rest of him was buried in Acre. [Royal Ancestry]

Saher married Margaret of Leicester before 1173. Margaret (daughter of Robert de Breteuil and Pernel de Grandmesnil) died on 12 Jan 1235. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 1236

Notes:

Or Margery. [Royal Ancestry]

Also known as Margaret de Beaumont.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 1147, Merionethshire, Wales

Notes:

Earl of Chester. Also known as Hugh le Meschin; Hugh de Meschines; Hugh of Kevelioc; Hugh de Cyveiliog.

1908 DNB entry on Hugh of Kevelioc:

[By Thomas Frederick Tout.]

HUGH (D. 1181) called HUGH of CYVEILIOG, palatine Earl of Chester, was the son of Ranulf II, Earl of Chester, and of his wife Matilda, daughter of Earl Robert of Gloucester, the illegitimate son of Henry I. He is sometimes called Hugh of Cyveiliog, because, according to a late writer, he was born in that district of Wales (Powel, Hist. of Cambria, p. 295). His father died on 16 Dec. 1153, whereupon, being probably still under age, he succeeded to his possessions on both sides of the Channel. These included the hereditary viscounties of Avranches and Bayeux. Hugh was present at the council of Clarendon in January 1164 which drew up the assize of Clarendon (Stubbs, Select Charters, p. 138). In 1171 he was in Normandy (Eyton, Itinerary of Henry II, p. 158).

Hugh joined the great feudal revolt against Henry II in 1173. Aided by Ralph of Fougeres, he utilised his great influence on the north-eastern marches of Brittany to excite the Bretons to revolt. Henry II despatched an army of Brabant mercenaries against them. The rebels were defeated in a battle, and on 20 Aug. were shut up in the castle of Dol, which they had captured by fraud not long before. On 23 Aug. Henry II arrived to conduct the siege in person (Hoveden, ii. 51). Hugh and his comrades had no provisions (Jordan Fantosme in Howlett, Chron. of Stephen, Henry II, and Richard I, iii. 221). They were therefore forced to surrender on 26 Aug. on a promise that their lives and limbs would be saved (W. Newburgh in Howlett, i. 176). Fourscore knights surrendered with them (Diceto, i. 378). Hugh was treated very leniently by Henry, and was confined at Falaise, whither the Earl and Countess of Leicester were also soon brought as prisoners. When Henry II returned to England, he took the two earls with him. They were conveyed from Barfleur to Southampton on 8 July 1174. Hugh was probably afterwards imprisoned at Devizes (Eyton, p. 180). On 8 Aug., however, he was taken back from Portsmouth to Barfleur, when Henry II went back to Normandy. He was now imprisoned at Caen, whence he was removed to Falaise. He was admitted to terms with Henry before the general peace, and witnessed the peace of Falaise on 11 Oct. (Fœdera, i. 31).

Hugh seems to have remained some time longer without complete restoration. At last, at the council of Northampton on 13 Jan. 1177, he received grant of the lands on both sides of the sea which he had held fifteen days before the war broke out (Benedictus, i. 135; Hoveden, ii. 118). In March he witnessed the Spanish award. In May, at the council at Windsor, Henry II restored him his castles, and required him to go to Ireland, along with William Fitzaldhelm and others, to prepare the way for the king's son John (Benedictus, i. 161). But no great grants of Irish land were conferred on him, and he took no prominent part, in the Irish campaigns. He died at Leek in Staffordshire on 30 June 1181 (ib. i. 277; Monasticon, iii. 218; Ormerod, Cheshire, i. 29). He was buried next his father on the south side of the chapter-house of St. Werburgh's, Chester, now the cathedral.

Hugh's liberality to the church was not so great as that of his predecessors. He granted some lands in Wirral to St. Werburgh's, and four charters of his, to Stanlaw, St. Mary's, Coventry, the nuns of Bullington and Greenfield, are printed by Ormerod (i. 27). He also confirmed his mother's grants to her foundation of Austin Canons at Calke, Derbyshire, and those of his father to his convent of the Benedictine nuns of St. Mary's, Chester (Monasticon, vi. 598, iv. 314). In 1171 he had confirmed the grants of Ranulf to the abbey of St. Stephen's in the diocese of Bayeux (Eyton, p. 158). More substantial were his grants of Bettesford Church to Trentham Priory, and of Combe in Gloucestershire to the abbey of Bordesley, Warwickshire (Monasticon, vi. 397, v. 407).

Hugh married before 1171 Bertrada, the daughter of Simon III, surnamed the Bald, count of Evreux and Montfort. He was therefore brother-in-law to Simon of Montfort., the conqueror of the Albigenses, and uncle of the Earl of Leicester. His only legitimate son, Ranulf III, succeeded him as Earl of Chester [see Blundevill, Randulf de]. He also left four daughters by his wife, who became, on their brother's death, co-heiresses of the Chester earldom. They were: (1) Maud, who married David, earl of Huntingdon, and became the mother of John the Scot, earl of Chester from 1232 to 1237, on whose death the line of Hugh of Avranches became extinct; (2) Mabel, who married William of Albini, earl of Arundel (d. 1221); (3) Agnes, the wife of William, earl Ferrers of Derby; and (4) Hawise, who married Robert de Quincy, son of Saer de Quincy, earl of Winchester. Hugh was also the father of several bastards, including Pagan, lord of Milton; Roger; Amice, who married Ralph Mainwaring, justice of Chester; and another daughter who married R. Bacon, the founder of Roucester (Ormerod, i. 28). A great controversy was carried on between Sir Peter Leycester and Sir Thomas Mainwaring, Amice's reputed descendant, as to whether that lady was legitimate or not. Fifteen pamphlets and small treatises on the subject, published between 1673 and 1679, were reprinted in the publications of the Chetham Society, vols. lxxiii. lxxix. and lxxx. Mainwaring was the champion of her legitimacy, which Leycester had denied in his 'Historical Antiquities.' Dugdale believed that Amice was the daughter of a former wife of Hugh, of whose existence, however, there is no record. A fine seal of Earl Hugh's is engraved in Ormerod's 'Cheshire,' i. 32.

[Benedictus Abbas and Roger de Hoveden (both ed. Stubbs in Rolls Ser.); Howlett's Chronicles of Stephen, Henry II, and Richard I (Rolls Ser.); Eyton's Itinerary of Hen. II; Ormerod's Cheshire, i. 26-32; Dugdale's Baronage, i. 40-1; Dugdale's Monasticon, ed. Ellis, Caley, and Bandinel; Doyle's Official Baronage, i. 364; Beamont's introduction to the Amicia Tracts, Chetham Soc.]

[DNB, Editor, Sidney Lee, Macmillan Co., London & Smith, Elder & Co., NY, 1908, vol. x, pp. 164-5]

Hugh married Bertrade de Montfort in 1169. Bertrade (daughter of Simon de Montfort and Maud) was born about 1155; died after 31 Mar 1227. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1156

Notes:

Also called Bertrade of Evreux. CP notes that at her wedding she was given away by King Henry II "because she was his own cousin." In fact she and the king were second cousins once removed, Simon de Montfort and Agnes d'Evreaux being his great-great grandparents and her great-grandparents.

Notes:

"FITZGERALD, MAURICE (d. 1176), one of the conquerors of Ireland; son of Gerald de Windsor, chief follower of Arnulf Montgomery and castellan of Pembroke Castle (1093-post 1116), by his wife Nest (q.v.), daughter of Rhys ap Tewdwr. Maurice and WILLIAM, two of the sons of Gerald and Nest, and lords respectively of Llanstephan and Emlyn, came into prominence as leaders of the Anglo-Norman settlers in West Wales against the great revolt of the native princes in 1136. In 1146 they were at the head of the unsuccessful attempt to recover Llanstephan Castle from the Welsh. Later in his career Maurice Fitzgerald took part, with his half-brother Robert Fitzstephen (q.v.), in the conquest of Ireland. In 1169 he landed in Wexford with his followers and led the English contingent against Dublin. He finally settled in the cantref of Kildare which earl Richard granted to him for his services. It is said that his wife (living in 1171) was Alice, granddaughter of Roger de Montgomery. Maurice, who was a brave and modest man of few words, d. at Wexford c. 1 Sept. 1176. [William d. 1174.]" [Dictionary of Welsh Biography]

"His brother, Bishop David, granted him the Stewardship of St. Davids hereditarily. Under Stephen [between 1136 and 1146] the sons of Gerald were hard pressed by the Welsh in their effort to dislodge the Norman interlopers from the lands they had seized. The occasion of Maurice's going to Ireland, where he and his descendants were to flourish so exceedingly, was the promise, in 1167, of Dermot MacMurrough, the dispossessed King of Leinster, to give Wexford to him and to his half-brother, Robert FitzStephen, if they would help him to regain the kingdom -- a promise which he duly honoured. Preceded by FitzStephen, and accompanied by his nephew Raymond, Maurice landed at Wexford in 1169 with two ships of armed followers, and with the aid of his Norman allies Dermot recovered Dublin. The coming over of Henry II, and the political dispositions which he made, fettered the progress of the Geraldines; although at his departure [Easter 1172] the King left Maurice one of the three keepers of Dublin. After spending some time in Wales, Maurice returned to Ireland, where the Keeper, Earl Richard, Strongbow, was consolidating the Normans in the face of the Irish by making them grants of land in fee, and by arranging marriages between members of the factious families. There is no record of his marriage. He d. 1 Sep 1176, at Wexford." [Complete Peerage X:11-12]

Maurice married Alice. Alice died after 1170. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Probably not a daughter or granddaughter of Arnold or Roger de Montgomery, Ancestral Roots and other sources notwithstanding.

Notes:

Constable of Leinster.

"Robert de Quincy was killed by O'Dempsey and the Irish of Offaly." [Royal Ancestry]

Robert married (Unknown) de Clare in 1171. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Called in some sources Basile de Clare.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Bef Mar 1206

Notes:

Seneschal of Munster, 1201. "Closely associated with John, lord of Ireland, he probably accompanied him on his expedition to Ireland in 1185, and became John's principal agent in the conquest and organization of northern Munster. While other leading Anglo-Norman invaders are vividly described by Gerald of Wales, knowledge of this turbulent frontier lord has to be gleaned from hostile Gaelic sources or administrative records. Perhaps the best clue to his character lies in the study of the imposing sites of his castles at Kilfeacle, Carrigogunnell, and Shanid, among others, which reveals a powerful personality capable of impressing his authority on fiercely contested borders."

William married (Unknown) before 1193. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

"Said to be a daughter of Domnall Mór Ua Briain, King of Limerick." [Royal Ancestry]

"According to one Irish source de Burgh was married to a daughter of Domnall Mór Ó Briain, which is consistent with the fact that he was frequently accompanied by his Ó Briain allies, hereditary enemies of the Mac Carthaig and the Ó Conchobhair, in his numerous campaigns in Desmond and Connacht. Presumably this alliance gave him the means to prosecute his territorial interests in Desmond and Connacht, while leaving his castles on the Thomond frontier secure from attack." [Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Bef 1173, of Ewyas, Herefordshire, England
• Alternate death: Feb 1241
• Alternate death: Bef 24 Feb 1241

Notes:

Died after going blind. "He was one of the great land holders in Ireland and was constantly involved in the disturbances of that province. The 13th century historian Matthew Paris calls him 'the most eminent of all the nobles in Ireland' and in the Annals of the Four Masters he is called 'the bountifullest foreigner in steeds, attire, and gold, that ever came to Erin.'" [The Ancestry of Dorothea Poyntz]

Walter married Margaret de Briouze before 19 Nov 1200. Margaret (daughter of William de Briouze and Maud de St. Valéry) was born about 1181; died after 25 Jun 1245. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Aft 1254