Ralph VII de Tony

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Bef 29 Jul 1295, Gascony, France
• Alternate death: Bef 29 Jul 1295, Paris, France

Ralph married Mary before 1276. Mary died after 1283. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

1. Alice de Tony was born about 1283; died on 1 Jan 1325.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Bef 14 May 1264

Notes:

Said to have supported the king in the Baron's War.

Roger married Alice de Bohun on 30 Jun 1239. Alice (daughter of Humphrey de Bohun and Maud of Eu) died after 1255. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Date of the marriage contract.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1190, of Flamstead, Hertfordshire, England

Notes:

First supported king John, then went over to the rebelling barons' side. Died at sea on his way to the Holy Land.

Ralph married Pernel de Lacy between 1232 and 1233. Pernel (daughter of Walter de Lacy and Margaret de Briouze) died after 25 Nov 1288. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Aft 1288
• Alternate death: Aft 9 Mar 1290

Notes:

Also called Petronilla de Lacy.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1200

Notes:

Earl of Hereford and, from 27 Aug 1236, Earl of Essex.

Hereditary Constable of England; Constable of the Exchequer 1228; Constable of Dover Castle and Warden of the Cinque Ports 1239-41; Sheriff of Kent 1239-41; Warden of the Marches of Wales 1245; a crusader in 1250; Privy Councillor 1258; Justice of Assize at Cardiff 1261; Chief Captain of the Army in Wales 1263; Constable of Haye, Huntingdon, and Tregruk Castles.

"After his father's death William Brewer had custody of Caldicot [Monmouth] and of Walton in Surrey, but Humphrey had livery of Caldicot Castle and all lands held in chief the next year, the King having taken his homage. He joined the Earl of Cornwall in his quarrel with the King in 1227. In 1228/9 he had an acquittance for 15 1/5 fees of the moiety of the fees of Trowbridge. At the coronation of Queen Eleanor in 1236 he was Marshal of the Household. He had livery of his mother's lands 9 Sep. 1236. In 1237 he went on a pilgrimage to Santiago. He was appointed constable of Dover Castle 27 Feb. 1238/9, which he surrendered 4 Nov. 1241, and during these years was sheriff of Kent. He stood sponsor at the baptism of Edward I in 1239. In 1242 he was in the expedition to France, but returned because of the King's foreign favourites. In 1244 the cause of the Welsh rising is assigned to his having kept in his hand the inheritance of the wife of David, s. of Llewelyn, Prince of Wales. He joined in the remonstrance to the Pope in 1246, and was present at the Great Council of 1248. In 1250 he was among those who took the Cross. On 13 Sep. 1251 he had licence to make his will. He was present at the sentence of excommunication against the transgressors of the charters (1253). He had a protection 15 Nov. 1253 for as long as the King remained in Gascony, and was with him there in 1254, but withdrew (having the King's permission) after failing to obtain satisfaction in a matter concerning his jurisdiction as constable. On 18 Dec. 1253 he and his eld. s. Humphrey had licence to hunt hare, fox, cat and other wild beasts in the forests of Bradon and Savernake, Wilts. In 1257 he was appointed to keep the marches between Montgomery and the land of the Earl of G1oucester, and had a protection 22 Oct. on staying in Wales in the service of Prince Edward. In 1258 he was one of the 24 councillors to draw up the Provisions of Oxford, being chosen among the Barons' twelve, and was thereafter one of the fifteen chosen to advise the King on all points; he was also one of the twelve elected by the Barons to represent the community in three annual parliaments, and was one of the 24 who were concerned in treating of aids. In 1259 he was the King's representative (with the Count of Aumale) for the preservation of peace between France and England; was concerned with Llywellyn ap Gruffydd in the matter of the truce; and was one of the commissioners who ratified the treaty between France and England in July. On 10 Aug. 1260 he was sent to treat for peace with Llywellyn, and on 25 Aug. 1262 was one of the commissioners to meet Llywellyn's commissioners at the Ford of Montgomery. He had a grant of the custody of the lands of the late Earl of Gloucester 18 July 1262. In the struggle of 1263/4 he took the side of the King; was one of the keepers of the City of London, 9 Oct. 1265, and one of the plenipotentiaries for the Dictum of Kenilworth." [Complete Peerage 6:459]

Humphrey married Maud of Eu. Maud (daughter of Raoul I de Lusignan and Alix d'Eu) died on 14 Aug 1241; was buried in Llanthony Priory, outside Gloucester, Gloucestershire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Maud de Lusignan.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1160

Notes:

Also called Roger de Tonches. Founded the nunnery of St. Giles in the Wood, Flamstead, Hertfordshire.

"Went with Richard I on Crusade, 1191, and distinguished himself at Arsulf and fought against the Saracens at ElKhuweilfe, 1192. In 1204 he lost all of his Norman lands to the King of France." [The Ancestry of Dorothea Poyntz]

Roger married Constance de Beaumont in 1175. Constance (daughter of Richard I de Beaumont and Lucy de l'Aigle) died after 1226. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Bef 1236

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Bef 1173, of Ewyas, Herefordshire, England
• Alternate death: Feb 1241
• Alternate death: Bef 24 Feb 1241

Notes:

Died after going blind. "He was one of the great land holders in Ireland and was constantly involved in the disturbances of that province. The 13th century historian Matthew Paris calls him 'the most eminent of all the nobles in Ireland' and in the Annals of the Four Masters he is called 'the bountifullest foreigner in steeds, attire, and gold, that ever came to Erin.'" [The Ancestry of Dorothea Poyntz]

Walter married Margaret de Briouze before 19 Nov 1200. Margaret (daughter of William de Briouze and Maud de St. Valéry) was born about 1181; died after 25 Jun 1245. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Aft 1254

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 1176
• Alternate birth: Abt 1176, of Trowbridge, Wiltshire, England

Notes:

Earl of Hereford. Hereditary Constable of England. Sheriff of Kent, 1200.

Magna Carta surety; as such, excommunicated by Innocent III 16 Dec 1215. Fought for Louis of France at the battle of Lincoln, where he was taken prisoner 20 May 1217, subsequently released and his forfeited lands restored. Left on the Fifth Crusade 1219; died in Palestine the following year.

Henry married Maud de Mandeville. Maud (daughter of Geoffrey fitz Peter and Beatrice de Say) died on 27 Aug 1236. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Countess of Hereford and Essex. Also caled Maud fitz Geoffrey. But despite being the daughter of two people not named "Mandeville," she was primarily known as Maud de Mandeville. See below.

Douglas Richardson, 29 Oct 2011, post to soc.genealogy.medieval:

Henry de Bohun's wife was known as Maud de Mandeville.

For instances of Maud, Countess of Essex and Hereford, being styled Maud de Mandeville in contemporary records, see Cal. Charters Rolls 1 (1903): 196; Davis, Rotuli Hugonis de Welles Episcopi Lincolniensis 1209 - 1235 3 (Lincoln Rec. Soc. 9) (1914): 32; Hassall, Cartulary of St. Mary Clekenwell (Camden 3rd Ser. 71) (1949): 126; Duchy of Lancaster, Descriptive List (with Index) of Cartæ Miscellaneæ, Lists and Indexes, Supplementary Series, No. V, vol. 3 (1964): 85; Mason, Beauchamp Cartulary Charters (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 43) (1980): 187 - 188.

Notes:

Also called Ralph; d'Issoudon; Raoul d'Exoudun. Count of Eu. "Swore fealty to King John 1200, but quarreled with him and joined the King of France, whereupon his English estates were confiscated. He came to terms with King John in 1214 and his estates were restored to him." [The Ancestry of Dorothea Poyntz]

Raoul married Alix d'Eu. Alix (daughter of Henri d'Eu) died between 13 May 1246 and 15 May 1246. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Ralph de Conches.

Ralph married Margaret of Leicester after 1155. Margaret (daughter of Robert of Meulan and Amice de Gael) was born about 1125; died after 1185. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Margaret de Beaumont.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Aft Aug 1199

Notes:

Vicomte de Maine.

Richard married Lucy de l'Aigle before 1177. Lucy (daughter of Richer de l'Aigle and Beatrice) died after 1217. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 26 Jul 1186, Durrow, Westmeath, Ireland

Notes:

Justiciar of Ireland. Major Anglo-Norman magnate. Participant in the Norman invasion of Ireland, subsequent to which Henry II granted him the lands of the Kingdom of Meath (Mide). The resulting Lordship of Meath was the most extensive seignorial liberty in Ireland.

Henry's reasons for so empowering de Lacy had as much to do with checking the power of Strongbow and the Geraldines as anything else. De Lacy and Henry were not themselves the best of friends.

"Hugh de Lacy was assassinated at Durrow on 26 July 1186. He was beheaded with an axe by Gillaganinathair Ó Miadaig of Bregmuine at the direction of In Sinnach Ua Ceithernaig, king of Tethba, perhaps to avenge the killing of the latter's son in battle against the Anglo-Normans eight years earlier. The annals of Loch Cé describe Lacy at the time of his death as 'king of Mide and Bréifne, and Airgialla', and further state that 'it was to him that the tribute of Connacht was paid' (Annals of Loch Ce?, 1.173). Roger of Howden and William of Newburgh claim that news of Lacy's death was welcomed by Henry II, while Newburgh adds that the king intended to send John back to Ireland to seize Lacy's lands and castles." [Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]

Note that there is persistent doubt whether Hugh de Lacy was in fact the son of Gilbert de Lacy as shown here, and also about the exact shape of his descent from the de Lacys of the Norman Conquest. We are following the model put forth in W. E. Wightman's 1966 volume The Lacy Family in England and Normandy 1066–1194, published by Oxford University Press. Unsurprisingly, this is also the model followed by the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.

Hugh married Rohese de Monmouth before 1155. Rohese (daughter of Baderon de Monmouth and Rohese fitz Gilbert) was born between 1135 and 1140; died about 1180. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Roysya de Monemue.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: of Bramber, Sussex, England
• Alternate death: Sep 1211, Corbeil, near Paris, France

Notes:

"William was the most notable member of the de Braose dynasty. His steady rise and sudden fall at the hands of King John is often taken as an example of that king's arbitrary and capricious behaviour towards his barons." [Wikipedia]

"William de Briouze, Lord of Briouze, Bramber, Brecon, Over Gwent, &c., s. and h. He m. Maud De St. Valery, "Lady of La Haie." In consequence of his well-known quarrel with King John, his lands were forfeited in 1208, and his wife and 1st s. starved to death in the dungeons of Corfe (or of Windsor) in 1210. He d. at Corbeil near Paris, 9, and was bur. 10 Aug. 1211, in the Abbey of St. Victor at Paris." [Complete Peerage I:22]

"He slaughtered Seisyll ap Dyvnwal (abovenamed) and a host of unarmed Welshmen, in the castle of Abergavenny in 1175, in revenge for the death of his uncle Henry of Hereford [Brut y Tywysogian, R. de Diceto, etc.). Seisyll was owner of Castle Arnold, and is said in an inaccurate version of the Brut to have captured Abergavenny in 1172, the slaughter being dated 1177 (The Gwentian Chronicle, Cambrian Arch. Assoc, p. 137). But the better version of the Brut (Rolls Ser., p. 218; Y Brutieu, in Welsh Texts, ed. Rhys and Evans, 1890, p. 330) on the contrary, states that Seisyll was captured in 1172 by the garrison of Abergavenny. (ex inform. G. W. Watson.)" [Complete Peerage I:22, footnote (a).]

William married Maud de St. Valéry. Maud (daughter of Bernard de St. Valéry and Matilda) was born about 1150; died in 1210 in Windsor, Berkshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 1210, Corfe Castle, Dorset, England

Notes:

Also called Maud de Braose; Moll Wallbee; Lady of La Haie.

From Wikipedia:

"In 1208, William de Braose quarrelled with his friend and patron King John. The reason is not known but it is alleged that Maud made indiscreet comments regarding the murder of King John's nephew Arthur of Brittany. There was also a large sum of money (five thousand marks) de Braose owed the King. Whatever the reason, John demanded Maud's son William be sent to him as a hostage for her husband's loyalty. Maud refused, and stated loudly within earshot of the King's officers that 'she would not deliver her children to a king who had murdered his own nephew.' The King quickly led troops to the Welsh border and seized all of the castles that belonged to William de Braose. Maud and her eldest son William fled to Ireland, where they found refuge at Trim Castle with the de Lacys, the family of her daughter Margaret. In 1210, King John sent an expedition to Ireland. Maud and her son escaped but were apprehended in Galloway by Donnchadh, Earl of Carrick. After being briefly held at Carrickfergus Castle, they were dispatched to England.

"Maud and her son William were first imprisoned at Windsor Castle, but were shortly afterwards transferred to Corfe Castle in Dorset where they were placed inside the dungeon. Maud and William both starved to death. [...]

"Maud de Braose features in many Welsh legends. There is one which says that Maud built the castle of Hay-on-Wye single-handed in one night, carrying the stones in her apron. She was also said to have been extremely tall and often donned armour while leading troops into battle."

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 1182

Notes:

Earl of Hereford. Hereditary Constable of England.

"Humphrey (III) de Bohun [...] distinguished himself on the king's side in the war of 1173–4. He was in the royal army at Breteuil in August 1173, and with the justiciar Richard de Lucy later sacked Berwick and led troops into Lothian against William the Lion, king of Scots, before having to return south to deal with rebellion in England. In October 1173 he featured prominently in the defeat and capture of the earl of Leicester and others at Fornham near Bury St Edmunds. He witnessed the treaty of Falaise between Henry II and the king of Scots at the close of 1174. Through his marriage, which took place between February 1171 and Easter 1175, to Margaret (d. 1201), daughter of Henry of Scotland, earl of Northumberland (d. 1152), and widow of Conan (IV), duke of Brittany (d. 1171), he became brother-in-law to the king of Scots. He died while a member of the army led into France towards the end of 1181 by Henry II's sons to assist Philippe II against the count of Flanders, and was buried at Llanthony (Secunda) Priory, Gloucestershire." [Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]

Humphrey married Margaret of Huntingdon between 29 Sep 1172 and 1 Jan 1175. Margaret (daughter of Henry of Scotland and Ada de Warenne) was born about 1145; died in 1201; was buried in Sawtrey Abbey, Huntingdonshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also Margery, Marjory, Margaret of Scotland.

"Following the Battle of Alnwick in July 1174 (in which her brother William the Lion, King of Scots was captured by the English), Margaret was imprisoned at Rochester Castle and afterwards removed to Rouen. On her release, Margaret married (2nd) in 1175 HUMPHREY DE BOHUN." [Royal Ancestry]

Notes:

Earl of Essex. Chief Justiciar of England from 1198 to his death.

Chief Forester; Sheriff of Northamptonshire 1184-89, 1191-94; Sheriff of Essex and Hertfordshire 1190-93; Constable of Hertford Castle; Sheriff of Staffordshire 1198; Sheriff of Yorkshire 1198-1200, 1202-4; Sheriff of Bedfordshire and Buckinghamshire 1199-1204; Sheriff of Westmorland 1199-1200; Sheriff of Hampshire 1201-4; Sheriff of Shropshire 1201-4.

He was raised in the remarkable household of his uncle, the justiciar of England Ranulph de Glanville, along with, among others, the future king John, and the Walter brothers, nephews of Glanville's wife Bertha de Valognes. Theobald Walter would become chief butler of England and Ireland and the founder of enduring lordships in Munster and Leinster. Hubert Walter would become archbishop of Canterbury, Geoffrey's predecessor as justiciar of England, and then -- after Geoffrey succeeded him as justiciar -- Chancellor of England.

Geoffrey married Beatrice de Say before 25 Jan 1185. Beatrice (daughter of William de Say) died before 19 Apr 1197. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

"[B]uried in Chicksand Priory, but was transferred thence to Shouldham Priory." [Complete Peerage]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Bef 11 Mar 1169

Notes:

Co-seigneur of Lusignan from 1164, but died before his father.

Hugh married Orengarde before 1162. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Count of Eu; Lord of Hastings.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Abt 1160

Notes:

Also called Roger de Conches.

Roger married Ida de Hainaut about 9 Aug 1138. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Earl of Leicester. Also called, but only by later historians and genealogists, Robert de Beaumont.

Twin brother of Waleran, Count of Muelan, 1st Earl of Worcester. After their father's death, the two brothers were raised together in the royal household. Much detail on his career here.

Justiciar of England, 1155-1168.

Robert married Amice de Gael after Nov 1120. Amice (daughter of Ralph II de Gael) died in Nuneaton, Warwickshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Amice de Montfort.

She died as a nun in Nuneaton Priory. Complete Peerage says she died after 1168. Royal Ancestry says she died on a 31 August, year uncertain.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Bef 1176
• Alternate death: 1176

Notes:

"Constance, named also Maud, who married Roscelin de Beaumont, hereditary vicomteé of Maine, styled Vicomté de Beaumont, Lord of Beaumont-le-Vicomté (alias Beaumont-sur-Sarthe), Fresnay and Ste.-Suzanne, son of Ralph de Beaumont, by...sister of Guy de Laval. Henry I gave South Tawton (Devon), to Roscelin de Beaumont in marriage with his daughter Constance. They had 2 sons." [Complete Peerage XI, Appendix D, p. 116.]

Roscelin married Constance of England before 1130. Constance (daughter of Henry I, King of England and (Unknown mistress or mistresses of Henry I)) died after 1175. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Maud. She was definitely a natural child of Henry I. According to some sources, her mother was Isabel de Beaumont, wife of Gilbert "Strongbow" Fitz Gilbert, Earl of Pembroke (also called Gilbert de Clare). This relationship is not confirmed in Royal Ancestry's extensive coverage of Henry I's many illegitimate offspring, although her marriage to Roscelin de Beaumont is noted.

Richer married Beatrice. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

From the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography:

"[S]on of the Roger de Lacy disinherited and banished in 1096. He had succeeded his father on the family's Norman estates of Lassy and Campeaux by 1133. He returned to England and was with King Stephen at Easter 1136, but was disappointed of any hope of recovering those of his father's extensive lands in the Welsh borders [...]

"In the civil war Lacy sided with the empress: in 1138 his kinsman Geoffrey Talbot fortified Weobley (one of Lacy's chief castles) unsuccessfully against Stephen; the two then led an army which attacked Bath. [...H]e profited from the anarchy which prevailed in the southern marches and in the end recovered most of his father's lands. [...]

"In 1158 or 1159 Lacy resigned his lands to his eldest son, Robert (who was himself succeeded by his brother Hugh de Lacy in 1162), and joined the templars. At Whitsuntide 1160 he was in France with the templars who guaranteed the peace treaty between Henry II and Louis VII. Later in 1160 or 1161 he had reached Jerusalem and he became preceptor of his order in the county of Tripoli, where in 1163 he was among the leaders of a crusader army resisting Nur-ad-Din."

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 1176

Baderon married Rohese fitz Gilbert. Rohese (daughter of Gilbert fitz Richard de Clare and Alice de Clermont) died before 1166. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Rose; Rohese de Clare.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Aft 1179
• Alternate death: Abt 1192
• Alternate death: Abt 1193

Notes:

Sheriff of Hereford, 8 Apr 1173-75.

"Briouze-Saint-Gervais (formerly Braiose), arrond. of Argentan, dept. of Orne. His descendants spelt the name Brewes. In some 25 early references to this name, not in charter latin, it appears as Breouse, Breuse, or Brewys (the last of which still exists as a surname), but never as Braose, the form adopted in peerages, for which it seems doubtful if there be any good authority." [Complete Peerage I:21, note (e).]

"William de Briouze, Lord of Briouze in Normandy, and of Bramber, Sussex, s. and h. of Philip de B., of the same, by Aenor, da. and h. of Juhel son of Alvred, Lord of Barnstaple and Totnes. He m., in or before 1150, Bertha, 2nd sister and coh. of William of Hereford abovenamed, being da. of Miles of Gloucester, 1st Earl of Gloucester. Sheriff of Hereford, Easter 1173-1175, at which earlier date probably he already possessed the Lordship of Over Gwent. He was living in 1179." [Complete Peerage I:21-22, as corrected in volume XIV.]

Chris Phillips' Corrections and Additions to The Complete Peerage notes that Miles was earl of Hereford, not of Gloucester.

William married Bertha of Hereford about 1150. Bertha (daughter of Miles of Gloucester and Sibyl de Neufmarché) was born in of Brecknock, Breconshire, Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

The first heir to Miles of Gloucester as was his son Roger of Hereford, king's constable, who died as a monk in 1155

His brother Walter of Hereford, king's constable, died 1157-59.

His brother Henry of Hereford, king's constable, died 1159-63, slain on an Easter eve by Seisyll ap Dyvnwal at Castle Arnold near Abergavenny.

His brother Mahel of Hereford, king's constable, died sometime after Jan 1164.

His brother William of Hereford, king's constable, died before 1166, mortally hurt by a stone dropped from Bronllys Tower, co. Brecon.

Which is how the honor of Abergavenny passed to their sister Bertha and to her husband William de Briouze.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: of Isleworth, Middlesex, England
• Alternate birth: of Tetbury, Gloucestershire, England
• Alternate death: Abt 1191

Bernard married Matilda. Matilda died about 1151. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

"In 1130 Humphrey (II) de Bohun still owed relief for his father's land, plus 400 marks for the purchase of a royal stewardship. As steward he witnessed charters of Henry I towards the end of his reign, and also King Stephen's Oxford charter of liberties in 1136. However, he deserted to the Empress Matilda on her arrival in England in 1139 and successfully defended his castle at Trowbridge against the king. In 1144 he received from the empress confirmation of his lands and of his 'stewardship in England and Normandy', with a grant of other estates. He was loyal to the Angevins in the civil war, witnessing as steward both for the empress in the 1140s and for Henry II, before and after his accession as king, between 1153 and 1157. However, during the year 1158 he was deprived of former royal demesne which he was holding in Wiltshire. None of the royal charters he attested can with certainty be dated to 1158 or later, and it may be that he fell out of the king's favour. On the other hand he was present at the promulgation of the constitutions of Clarendon in January 1164. He was dead by Michaelmas 1165, when his son Humphrey (III) de Bohun owed 300 marks as relief." [Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]

Humphrey married Margaret of Hereford. Margaret (daughter of Miles of Gloucester and Sibyl de Neufmarché) died before 29 Sep 1197; was buried in Llanthony Priory, outside Gloucester, Gloucestershire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Bef Oct 1198

Notes:

Also called Margery; Margaret of Gloucester; Margaret de Bohun.

"At the time that she became an heiress Margaret was recently widowed and in her forties. She outlived her husband by thirty years or more, never remarrying, and during her lengthy widowhood proved herself an ambitious matriarch, a conscientious donor to the church (clauses in some of her charters suggest that she had a keen and vigorous religious faith), a tough legal adversary, and a striking figure in the history of her family. Not only do certain statements in her charters articulate an intimate concern for the spiritual wellbeing of her immediate family, but Margaret was evidently also determined to see the Gloucester family's material interest, their extensive lands and honours, united in her own descendants. By 1173, if not earlier, her son and heir Humphrey had succeeded to the royal constableship first granted to her grandfather about 1114. After her son's death in 1181, Margaret took custody of her grandson Henry de Bohun and his lands, and shortly after her own death Henry was made earl of Hereford and constable of England by King John. In widowhood Margaret was also actively involved in the religious affairs of her family and, like many long-lived women of the medieval period, appears to have taken her commemorative, spiritual duties seriously--a concern perhaps enhanced by the deaths of a great number of her closest kin during her lifetime. She appears as grantor, confirmer, or witness on no less than thirty-three of her family's charters, most of them issued to her father's Augustinian foundation of Llanthony Secunda, just outside Gloucester, the mausoleum of her natal family and ultimately her own final resting place. Her charters to the Llanthony canons speak of an anxiety to make good on the unfulfilled eleemosynary promises of her brothers and to rescue their souls from the danger of hell (a periculo Inferni). She was also an occasional benefactor to Gloucester Abbey and to Monkton Farleigh Priory in Wiltshire, to which her late husband had been a donor, and on at least one occasion she confirmed the religious gifts of her Gloucestershire tenants. Seigneurial obligations in widowhood also compelled her to issue a series of grants to individuals within the purview of her lordship and connection." [Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1115

Notes:

Earl of Northumberland and of Huntingdon. Also called Eanric mac Dabid; Henry of Huntingdon.

"Henry, earl of Northumberland (c. 1115–1152), prince, was the only surviving adult son of David I (c. 1085–1153), king of Scots, and his queen, Maud (or Matilda) (d. 1131), widow of Simon (I) de Senlis. From c. 1128 his name was linked with his father's in governance, and in 1144 he appears as rex designatus ('king-designate'). Although the exact significance of this style is unclear, it seems certain that he had formally been proclaimed as future king; and in practice from the 1130s 'David's was a dual reign...with joint or at least coadjutorial royal government' (G. W. S. Barrow, ed., The charters of King David I: the written acts of David I king of Scots, 1124–53, and of his son Henry earl of Northumberland, 1139–52, 1999, p. 34). This partnership--though Henry was self-evidently the junior partner--had momentous consequences for the Scots monarchy's power and prestige. Henry shared fully in David's policies of modernization by which Scotland began to be transformed into a European-style kingdom, and above all he was inseparably associated with his father in furthering historic Scottish claims to 'northern England'. Leading vast armies against King Stephen, they made extensive gains at his expense." [Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]

Henry married Ada de Warenne after 9 Apr 1139. Ada (daughter of William II de Warenne and Isabel de Vermandois) died in 1178. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Or Adeline.

From the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography:

Her public role as first lady of the Scottish court (there was no queen of Scotland from 1131 to 1186) was originally limited by her numerous pregnancies; but her fecundity averted a catastrophe when Henry, the expected successor to the kingship, died prematurely in 1152. During her widowhood she enjoyed in full measure the respect and status to which she was entitled as mother of two successive Scots kings, Malcolm IV and William the Lion. After Malcolm's enthronement as a boy of twelve in 1153, she figured prominently in his counsels and was keenly aware of her responsibilities. According to the well-informed William of Newburgh, Malcolm's celibacy dismayed her, and she endeavoured, albeit fruitlessly, to sharpen his dynastic instincts by placing a beautiful maiden in his bed. She was less frequently at William the Lion's court from 1165, no doubt because of the periodic illnesses that obliged her to turn to St Cuthbert for a cure.

Ada's cosmopolitan tastes and connections reinforced the identification of Scottish élite society with European values and norms. Reginald of Durham regarded her piety as exemplary, and she played a notable role in the expansion of the reformed continental religious orders in Scotland. If she had a preference, it was for female monasticism, and by 1159 she had founded a priory for Cistercian nuns at Haddington, apparently at the instigation of Abbot Waldef of Melrose (d. 1159). Her household attracted Anglo-Norman adventurers, and she personally settled in Scotland knights from Northumberland and from the great Warenne honours in England and Normandy.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Bef 1198

Notes:

Also called Piers de Lutegareshale.

Died as a lay monk at Winchester.

Peter married Maud. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Ancestral Roots calls her "Maud de Mandeville", and Complete Peerage's foldout chart of the earls of Essex (volume 5, between pages 116 and 117) places her in a way that can be, but shouldn't be, read as suggesting that she was a daughter of Geoffrey de Mandeville, Earl of Essex, d. 1144.

Todd A. Farmerie, 11 Jun 2002, soc.genealogy.medieval:

This is the case I had in mind the other day, of a connection almost certainly wrong, probably drawn from other secondary sources assumed to be reliable, while these in turn were derived from the chart of the Earls of Essex in CP. In this chart, Maud is placed under a horizontal line connecting Geoffrey's children, but is not connected to that line. This placement was certainly done solely for the purposes of graphical arrangement, and was never intended to display relationship. However, as far as I know, no one has ever published this "correction".

What has been published are studies of Geoffrey Fitz Piers, son of "Peter de Ludgershall" and "Matilda". These follow in detail the manipulations that Henry II took to ensure that the Mandeville birthright, represented by Beatrice de Say, grand-niece of Geoffrey, Earl of Essex, came to his favorite. This man, Geoffrey Fitz Piers, was specifically said by a contemporary chronicler to be of insubstantial origins. Now if Geoffrey Fitz Piers was maternal grandson of Earl Geoffrey, and nephew of the recently deceased Earl William de Mandeville, then he would neither have been of lowly origins, nor would Henry have had to manipulate the status of the Say heiress in order to justify Geoffrey coming into the Mandeville inheritance -- he would have been the legal heir. Simply put, this connection is wrong on so many levels, that it would require a higher burden of proof than for a connection that does not have so many strikes against it.

Notes:

Sire de Lusignan, Couhé, and Château-Larcher; Count of La Marche; Seigneur de Fontenay.

Went on crusade 1163 or 1164. Taken prisoner at the Battle of Harim, 12 Aug 1164, and died in captivity.

Hugh married Bourgogne de Rancon before 1147. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]