Walter Marshal

Notes:

Earl of Pembroke, Lord of Striguil, Lord of Leinster, Earl Marshal of England.

Walter married Margaret de Quincy in Jan 1242. Margaret (daughter of Robert de Quincy and Hawise of Chester) was born before 1217; died before 30 Mar 1266 in Hampstead, Middlesex, England; was buried in Church of the Hospitallers, Clerkenwell, London, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also spelled William le Mareschal. Earl of Pembroke.

Hereditary Marshal of England; Sheriff of Gloucestershire 1189-94; Sheriff of Sussex 1193-1208; Warden of the Forest of Dean and Constable of St. briavels Castle 1194-1206; Constable of Lillebonne 1202; Protector and Regent of the Kingdom 1216-19; and, in right of his wife, Earl of Pembroke and Striguil and Lord of Leinster. Advisor to King John at Runnymede.

Wikipedia:

"William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke [...], also called William the Marshal (Norman French: Williame le Mareschal; Anglo-Norman: Guillaume le Marechal), was an English (or Anglo-Norman) soldier and statesman. Stephen Langton eulogized him as the 'best knight that ever lived.' He served four kings -- Henry II, Richard I, John, and Henry III -- and rose from obscurity to become a regent of England for the last of the four, and so one of the most powerful men in Europe. Before him, the hereditary title of 'Marshal' designated head of household security for the king of England; by the time he died, people throughout Europe (not just England) referred to him simply as 'the Marshal'. He received the title of 1st Earl of Pembroke through marriage during the second creation of the Pembroke earldom."

William married Isabel de Clare in Aug 1189 in London, England. Isabel (daughter of Richard "Strongbow" fitz Gilbert and Eve of Leinster) was born in 1173; died on 7 Mar 1220; was buried in Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire, Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called John the Marshal.

Wikipedia:

"John FitzGilbert the Marshal of the Horses [...] was a minor Anglo-Norman nobleman during the reign of King Stephen, and fought in the 12th century civil war on the side of Empress Matilda. Since at least 1130 and probably earlier, he had been the royal marshal to King Henry I. When Henry died, John FitzGilbert swore for Stephen and was granted the castles of Marlborough and Ludgershall, Wiltshire during this time. Along with Hamstead Marshal, this gave him control of the valley of the River Kennet in Wiltshire. Around 1139, John changed sides and swore for the Empress Matilda. In September 1141, Matilda fled the siege of Winchester and took refuge in the Marshal's castle at Ludgershall. While covering her retreat from Winchester, John Marshal was forced to take refuge at Wherwell Abbey. The attackers set fire to the building, and John lost an eye to dripping lead from the melting roof.

"In 1152, John had a celebrated confrontation with King Stephen, who had besieged him at Newbury Castle. After John had broken an agreement to surrender, Stephen threatened to kill his son, whom John had given as a hostage. John refused, saying he could make more sons, but Stephen apparently took pity on the young boy and did not kill him. The boy grew up to be William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke, a legendary figure in medieval lore, and one of the most powerful men in England."

John married Sybil de Salisbury. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Sibel d'Evreux.

Died on a 3 June, year unknown.

Notes:

Earl of Pembroke. Earl of Striguil. Justiciar of Ireland.

Also called Richard de Clare.

"Like his father, he was also commonly known by his nickname Strongbow (Norman French: Arc-Fort). He was an English lord notable for his leading role in the Norman invasion of Ireland. [...] Strongbow was the statesman, whereas Raymond was the soldier, of the conquest. He is vividly described by Giraldus Cambrensis as a tall and fair man, of pleasing appearance, modest in his bearing, delicate in features, of a low voice, but sage in council and the idol of his soldiers." [Wikipedia]

Richard married Eve of Leinster about 26 Aug 1170 in Waterford, Munster, Ireland. Eve (daughter of Diarmait mac Murchada, King of Leinster and Mor ni Tuathail) was born about 1145; died after 1185; was buried in Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire, Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Aft 1187

Notes:

Also called Aoife ni Darmait; Aoife MacMurrough; Red Eva.

From Wikipedia:

"On the 29 August 1170, following the Norman invasion of Ireland that her father had requested, she married Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, better known as Strongbow, the leader of the Norman invasion force, in Reginald's Tower in Waterford. She had been promised to Strongbow by her father who had visited England to ask for an invasion army. He was not allowed to give his daughter away, as under Early Irish Law Aoife had the choice of whom she married, but she had to agree to an arranged marriage, that is, to select from a list of suitable suitors.

"Under Anglo-Norman law, this gave Strongbow succession rights to the Kingdom of Leinster. Under Irish Brehon law, the marriage gave her a life interest only, after which any land would normally revert to male cousins; but Brehon law also recognised a transfer of 'swordland' following a conquest. Aoife conducted battles on behalf of her husband and is sometimes known as Red Eva (Irish: Aoife Rua)."

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Bef 1131

Notes:

King's Marshal. Royal Serjeant and Marshal to Henry I.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 1147, Bradenstoke Priory, Wiltshire, England

Notes:

Also called Walter d'Evreux; Walter Fitz Edward; Walter the Sheriff. Hereditary sheriff of Wiltshire and constable of Salisbury Castle.

He died as a canon at Bradenstoke Priory, Wiltshire. [Royal Ancestry]

Walter married Sybil de Chaworth. Sybil (daughter of Patrick I de Chaources and Maud de Hesdin) died before 1147 in Bradenstoke Priory, Wiltshire, England; was buried in Bradenstoke Priory, Wiltshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Sibella de Chaources, de Chanort.

"She died before her husband and was buried near the quire in Bradenstoke. He took the habit of a canon there, died in 1147, and was buried in the same grave as his wife." [Complete Peerage]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 6 Jan 1149

Notes:

Earl of Pembroke. Also called Gilbert de Clare.

Gilbert married Isabel de Beaumont. Isabel (daughter of Robert of Meulan and Isabel de Vermandois) died after 1172. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Isabel of Meulan. Former mistress of Henry I.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Abt 1 May 1171

Notes:

Also called Dermot MacMurrough.

"Diarmait Mac Murchada (Modern Irish: Diarmaid Mac Murchadha), anglicised as Dermot MacMurrough or Dermod MacMurrough (c.1110 -- c.1 May 1171), was a King of Leinster in Ireland. In 1167, he was deprived of his kingdom by the High King of Ireland -- Ruaidri Ua Conchobair. The grounds for the dispossession were that Mac Murchada had, in 1152, abducted Derbforgaill, the wife of the King of Breifne, Tiernan O'Rourke (Irish: Tighearnán Ua Ruairc). To recover his kingdom, Mac Murchada solicited help from King Henry II of England. In return, Mac Murchada pledged an oath of allegiance to Henry, who sent troops in support. As a further thanks for his reinstatement, Mac Murchada's daughter Aoife was married to Richard de Clare, the 2nd Earl of Pembroke (nicknamed 'Strongbow'). Henry II then mounted a larger second invasion in 1171 to ensure his control over Strongbow, resulting in the Lordship of Ireland. Mac Murchada was later known as Diarmait na nGall (Irish for 'Diarmait of the Foreigners')." [Wikipedia]

Diarmait married Mor ni Tuathail. Mor (daughter of Muirchertach Ua Tuathail, King of the Uí Muirdeaigh and Cacht ingen Loigsig Ua Morda) was born about 1114 in Castledermot, Kildare, Ireland; died in 1191 in Ireland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 1191, Ireland

Notes:

Also called Mor O'Toole.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Aft 9 Sep 1087
• Alternate death: 1130

Notes:

Also called Edward the Sheriff. Sheriff of Wiltshire, possibly as early as Feb 1081. Tenant-in-chief of 33 English manors.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: of Sourches, Saint-Symphorien, Maine, France

Notes:

Also called Patrick de Chaworth; Patrice de Chaources; Patrick de Sourches.

Or Patrice; or de Sourches, or de Cadurcis. Notable to at least one of us as the person who (according to Complete Peerage, volume 1, appendix C, page 608) introduced the given name Patrick to England.

Patrick married Maud de Hesdin. Maud (daughter of Ernulf de Hesdin and Emmeline) died after 1133. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Sybil de Hesdin; Matilda de Hesdin.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Bef 1066
• Alternate death: 1114

Notes:

Also called Gilbert de Clare; Gilbert de Tonbridge. Earl of Clare.

"The Welsh annals note his death in 1117." [Royal Ancestry]

Gilbert married Alice de Clermont. Alice (daughter of Hugues and Marguerite de Montdidier) was born in of Clermont, Oise, Picardie, France; died after 1136. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Adelaide de Clermont; Adeliza de Clermont-in-Beauvaisis.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1049

Notes:

Also known as Robert de Beaumont. Count of Meulan. Created Earl of Leicester.

* One of the only fifteen "Proven Companions" of William the Conqueror at Hastings.

* Inherited the title Count of Meulan when his mother died in 1081; paid homage for it to Philip I of France and sat as a French peer in the parliament at Poissy.

* A member of the royal hunting party in the New Forest, 2 Aug 1100, during which William II was accidentally killed by an arrow. Pledged allegiance to Henry I, who created him Earl of Leicester in 1107.

* Excommunicated by Paschal II during the Investiture Controversy. Excommunication later revoked by Anselm, exiled archbishop of Canterbury; revocation later ratified by Paschal.

* Lived to be the last surviving Norman nobleman who was at Hastings.

Robert married Isabel de Vermandois in 1096. Isabel (daughter of Hugues le Grand and Adèle de Vermandois) died before Jun 1147. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Bef Jul 1147

Notes:

Countess of Leicester. Also called Elizabeth de Vermandois.

Royal Ancestry says she was living c. 1138 and that she died "13 (or 17) February, sometime before June 1147, when her son, William de Warenne, 3rd Earl of Surrey, left on crusade." Several sources say she died in the priory of Lewes, Sussex.

Via her two husbands and thirteen children, descent from her is so common among modern people with traceable medieval ancestry that Douglas Richardson once jokingly asserted the existence of an exclusive lineage organization called the Society of Non-Descendants of Isabel de Vermandois. Of the 19 root people in this database with demonstrable descent from any monarch, only three would be eligible for membership in such a group.

Notes:

"[K]illed in battle in 1115 by his cousin Sigtrygg Silkbeard, king of the Dublin Vikings, and was buried by them in Dublin along with the body of a dog, considered to be a huge insult." [Wikipedia]

Donnchad married Orlaith ingen Ua Braenain. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Muirchertach married Cacht ingen Loigsig Ua Morda. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: of Hesdin, Picardy, France

Notes:

Also Ernulf, Seigneur de Hesding; Arnulf.

From the size and extent of his landholdings listed in Domesday he must have been a favorite of the Conqueror, but despite many unsourced claims little is actually known of his life. Modern interest in him appears to have developed after the 1850s, when Shropshire historian Robert William Eyton proved that he was the father of the Avelina who married Alan fitz Flaad, making Ernulf an ancestor both of the Stewart dynasty and of the FitzAlan earls of Arundel.

He was accused of supporting de Mowbray's rebellion in 1095. According to the Hyde chronicle, which claims this accusation was unjust, his representative in the ensuing trial-by-combat defeated the king's champion, but Ernulf was so disgusted by the accusation that he renounced his lands in England and left forever, enlisting in the First Crusade where (it is claimed) he died at Antioch.

He is the subject of a quite meticulous Wikipedia article which provides a painstaking account of what is known and what is only hypothesized about him.

Ernulf married Emmeline. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Bef 1035
• Alternate birth: 1035
• Alternate death: May 1089
• Alternate death: Abt 1090

Notes:

Also called Richard "de Bienfaite", Richard de Clare, and Richard de Tonbridge. Joint chief justiciar of England in William's absence; in this role he suppressed the revolt of 1075.

Richard married Rohese Giffard. Rohese (daughter of Walter Giffard and Agnes Flaitel) died after 1113. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Or Rohais; Rohaidi; Roaxdis.

Ancestral Roots 8 has her as a daughter of the Walter Giffard who d. 1102; this poses some chronological difficulty. Complete Peerage, Domesday People, and the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography all agree that she was a sister, not a daughter, of that Walter Giffard.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Between 1101 and 1103
• Alternate death: 1102

Notes:

Also called Hugh de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis.

Count of Clermont, Breuil-le-Vert, Creil, Gournay, Luzarches, and Mouchy-Saint-Elou.

Hugues married Marguerite de Montdidier about 1080. Marguerite (daughter of Hildouin IV de Montdidier and Adele de Roucy) was born about 1050 in of Montdidier, Somme, Picardy, France; died before 1101. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Marguerite de Roucy.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 29 Nov 1094

Notes:

Slew Roger de Tosny during the civil wars in the early part of Duke William's reign. Not at Hastings, but he is said to have furnished ships for the crossing. Remained in Normandy as the principal adviser of the Duchess Maud. Died as a monk.

Roger married Adeline de Meulan. Adeline (daughter of Waleran III and Oda) died on 8 Apr 1081; was buried in Abbey of Bec, Eure, Normandy, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Was Adeline/Adelinde (wife of Roger de Beaumont who died 1094) a daughter of Oda, wife of Waleran? Peter Stewart's answer on 9 Dec 2016:

This is not known as a certainty from direct evidence, but seems most likely.

Oda had five children by the time her husband Waleran of Meulan tried to have their marriage annulled, and she had died by the time he occurs with a second wife in 1033.

Adela (or Adelina) was evidently the eldest daughter of Waleran, as her son Robert (born ca 1046) inherited Meulan. She was described a sister of Hugo, Waleran's heir, who was named as his son in the 1033 charter before the second wife. As far as we know Waleran had only two sons by his second wife.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 18 Oct 1102, Tarsus, Cilicia

Notes:

Count of Crépy. Count of Vermandois and Valois. Duke of France.

Also called Hugh "Magnus".

The place where he died, in what is now south-central Turkey, is the same Tarsus as in "Saul of Tarsus," before he turned into St. Paul.

Post to SGM by Nathaniel Lane Taylor, 22 Jan 2004, about the battle in which Hugues died:

[I]t was I who first first posted the death date & circumstances on Hugh of Vermandois when I started this whole messy thread. But the 1101 date is clearly correct, because Hugh died of wounds after the battle in which a Crusader force was annihilated at Heraklea (Asia Minor) in late September of 1101. There is no mistaking the year, in the chronology of the first Crusade's aftermath. Runciman (2:28-29) does not provide a precise date for that battle, but it was one of three major failures of Western forces the Summer and Fall of 1101. See generally his History of the Crusades, vol. 2, chapter 2, "The Crusades of 1101." On the battle at Heraklea, he says:

"Early in September they [see below] entered Heraclea, which they found deserted as Konya had been. Just beyond the town flowed the river, one of the few Anatolian streams to flow abundantly throughout the summer. The Christian warriors, half-mad from thirst, broke their ranks to rush to the welcoming water. But the Turkish army lay concealed in the thickets on the river banks. As the crusaders surged on in disorder, the Turks sprang out on them and surrounded them. There was no time to reform ranks. Panic spread through the Christian army. Horsemen and infantry were mixed in a dreadful stampede; and as they stumbled in their attempt to flee they were slaughtered by the enemy. The duke of Aquitaine, followed by one of his grooms, cut his way out and rode into the mountains. After many days of wandering through the passes he found his way to Tarsus. Hugh of Vermandois was badly wounded in the battle; but some of his men rescued him and he too reached Tarsus. But he was a dying man. His death took place on 18 October and they buried him there in the Cathedral of St Paul. He never fulfilled his vow to go to Jerusalem. Welf of Bavaria only escaped by throwing away all his armor. After several weeks he arrived with two or three attendants at Antioch. Archbishop Thiemo [of Salzburg] was taken prisoner and martyred for his faith. The fate of the Margravine of Austria is unknown. Later legends said that she ended her days a captive in a far-off harem, where she gave birth to the Moslem hero Zengi. More probably she was thrown from her litter in the panic and trampled to death."

Runciman cites Albert of Aachen, 8.34-40 (pp. 579-82 in the edition he cites); and Ekkehard, 24-26 (pp. 30-32), among other material on the legend of the the Margravine of Austria, etc.

It is PNH's contention that this Hugh le Grand is the exact bellybutton of the Middle Ages. His father was a king of France; his mother was one of the daughters of Yaroslav the Wise, Grand Prince of Kiev; and his daughter Isabel married, as her first husband, one of the Conqueror's proven companions at Hastings. Another daughter, Agnes, married a marcher lord of northern Italy. Through his mother he was also descended from three canonized Kievan saints and two kings of Sweden. He married the last member of the Carolingian dynasty. He died on Crusade. He was called Hugues le Grand. Case closed.

Hugues married Adèle de Vermandois about 1080. Adèle (daughter of Herbert IV and Adela of Vexin) died in 1120; was buried on 28 Sep 1120 in Vermandois, Aisne, Picardy, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Between 1120 and 1124

Notes:

Countess of Vermandois. Last member of the Carolingian dynasty.

According to Royal Ancestry, she died "28 September, between 1120 and 1124."

Murchad married Sadb ingen Mac Bricc. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Loigsech married Gormlaith ingen Finn Ua Caellaide. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]