William I "The Lion", King of Scotland

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1142

Notes:

Earl of Northumberland 1152-7; Earl of Huntingdon 1165-74.

"Two of his charters, which he issued in his minority, show that he was then using his mother's name of Warenne." [Royal Ancestry]

Family/Spouse: (Unknown mistress of William the Lion, King of Scotland). [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

1. Ada of Scotland died before 24 Sep 1200.

Family/Spouse: (Unknown) de Avenal. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

1. Isabel of Scotland

William married Ermengarde de Beaumont on 5 Sep 1186. Ermengarde (daughter of Richard I de Beaumont and Lucy de l'Aigle) died on 11 Feb 1233; was buried in Balmerino Abbey, Fife, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

1. Margaret of Scotland was born between 1187 and 1195; died before 25 Nov 1259; was buried in Black Friars, Holborn, London, England.
2. Alexander II, King of Scotland was born on 24 Aug 1198 in Haddington, East Lothian, Scotland; died on 8 Jul 1249 in Kerrera, Argyll, Scotland; was buried in Melrose Abbey, Roxburghshire, Scotland.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1115

Notes:

Earl of Northumberland and of Huntingdon. Also called Eanric mac Dabid; Henry of Huntingdon.

"Henry, earl of Northumberland (c. 1115–1152), prince, was the only surviving adult son of David I (c. 1085–1153), king of Scots, and his queen, Maud (or Matilda) (d. 1131), widow of Simon (I) de Senlis. From c. 1128 his name was linked with his father's in governance, and in 1144 he appears as rex designatus ('king-designate'). Although the exact significance of this style is unclear, it seems certain that he had formally been proclaimed as future king; and in practice from the 1130s 'David's was a dual reign...with joint or at least coadjutorial royal government' (G. W. S. Barrow, ed., The charters of King David I: the written acts of David I king of Scots, 1124–53, and of his son Henry earl of Northumberland, 1139–52, 1999, p. 34). This partnership--though Henry was self-evidently the junior partner--had momentous consequences for the Scots monarchy's power and prestige. Henry shared fully in David's policies of modernization by which Scotland began to be transformed into a European-style kingdom, and above all he was inseparably associated with his father in furthering historic Scottish claims to 'northern England'. Leading vast armies against King Stephen, they made extensive gains at his expense." [Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]

Henry married Ada de Warenne after 9 Apr 1139. Ada (daughter of William II de Warenne and Isabel de Vermandois) died in 1178. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Or Adeline.

From the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography:

Her public role as first lady of the Scottish court (there was no queen of Scotland from 1131 to 1186) was originally limited by her numerous pregnancies; but her fecundity averted a catastrophe when Henry, the expected successor to the kingship, died prematurely in 1152. During her widowhood she enjoyed in full measure the respect and status to which she was entitled as mother of two successive Scots kings, Malcolm IV and William the Lion. After Malcolm's enthronement as a boy of twelve in 1153, she figured prominently in his counsels and was keenly aware of her responsibilities. According to the well-informed William of Newburgh, Malcolm's celibacy dismayed her, and she endeavoured, albeit fruitlessly, to sharpen his dynastic instincts by placing a beautiful maiden in his bed. She was less frequently at William the Lion's court from 1165, no doubt because of the periodic illnesses that obliged her to turn to St Cuthbert for a cure.

Ada's cosmopolitan tastes and connections reinforced the identification of Scottish élite society with European values and norms. Reginald of Durham regarded her piety as exemplary, and she played a notable role in the expansion of the reformed continental religious orders in Scotland. If she had a preference, it was for female monasticism, and by 1159 she had founded a priory for Cistercian nuns at Haddington, apparently at the instigation of Abbot Waldef of Melrose (d. 1159). Her household attracted Anglo-Norman adventurers, and she personally settled in Scotland knights from Northumberland and from the great Warenne honours in England and Normandy.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1085

Notes:

"David I was driven by a clear and consistent vision, pious and authoritarian, of what his kingdom should be: Catholic, in the sense of conforming to the doctrines and observances of the western church; feudal, in the sense that a lord–vassal relationship, involving knight-service, should form the basis of government; and open, in the sense that external (especially continental) influences of all kinds, religious, military, and economic, were encouraged and exploited to strengthen the Scottish kingdom. Alongside his eclecticism, David's strong sense of the autonomy of his realm and of his own position within it must be acknowledged. The surviving numbers of his charters, compared with those of his predecessors, surely point to an increase in the sophistication, and probably also in the activity, of government. During David's reign the administration of royal justice became more firmly established and was organized more effectively. Those who enjoyed their own courts were told that the king would intervene if they failed to provide justice. The addresses of royal charters and writs (Scottish ‘brieves’) show that from c.1140 justiciars were appointed. Although none is known by name, these officers were clearly the predecessors of the named justiciars of succeeding reigns." [Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]

David married Maud of Northumberland before Jul 1113. Maud (daughter of Waltheof and Judith of Lens) was born about 1072; died between 1130 and 1131; was buried in Scone, Perthshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 1130
• Alternate death: 1131
• Alternate death: Bef 1132

Notes:

Also called Maud of Huntingdon.

Notes:

Earl of Surrey; usually styled Earl of Warenne. Advisor to King John at Runnymede.

William married Isabel de Vermandois after 5 Jun 1118. Isabel (daughter of Hugues le Grand and Adèle de Vermandois) died before Jun 1147. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Bef Jul 1147

Notes:

Countess of Leicester. Also called Elizabeth de Vermandois.

Royal Ancestry says she was living c. 1138 and that she died "13 (or 17) February, sometime before June 1147, when her son, William de Warenne, 3rd Earl of Surrey, left on crusade." Several sources say she died in the priory of Lewes, Sussex.

Via her two husbands and thirteen children, descent from her is so common among modern people with traceable medieval ancestry that Douglas Richardson once jokingly asserted the existence of an exclusive lineage organization called the Society of Non-Descendants of Isabel de Vermandois. Of the 19 root people in this database with demonstrable descent from any monarch, only three would be eligible for membership in such a group.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 1031
• Alternate birth: Abt 1031

Notes:

King of the Cumbrians; King of Scots.

Also called Mael Coluim mac Donnchada.

"In 1057 various chroniclers report the death of Macbeth at Malcolm's hand, on 15 August 1057 at Lumphanan in Aberdeenshire." [Wikipedia]

"He defeated and killed Macbeth, King of Scots at Lunfanen, 15 Aug 1057." [Royal Ancestry]

"MALCOLM III, King of Scots, was killed by Morel of Banborough at Alnwick, Northumberland 13 Nov. 1093. He was initially buried at Tyenmouth, but his son, King Alexander I, later removed his body to Dunfermline, Fife." [Royal Ancestry]

Malcolm married St. Margaret of Scotland between 1068 and 1069 in Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland. Margaret (daughter of Eadward "The Exile", Prince of England and Agatha) was born about 1050; died on 16 Nov 1093 in Edinburgh Castle, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland; was buried in Church of the Holy Trinity, Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Margaret of Wessex; Margaret of England.

"Saint Margaret of Scotland (c. 1045 - 16 November 1093), also known as Margaret of Wessex, was an English princess of the House of Wessex. Margaret was sometimes called 'The Pearl of Scotland.' Born in exile in Hungary, she was the sister of Edgar Aetheling, the short-ruling and uncrowned Anglo-Saxon King of England. Margaret and her family returned to England in 1057, but fled to the Kingdom of Scotland following the Norman conquest of England of 1066. Around 1070 Margaret married Malcolm III of Scotland, becoming his queen consort. She was a pious woman, and among many charitable works she established a ferry across the Firth of Forth for pilgrims travelling to Dunfermline Abbey, which gave the towns of South Queensferry and North Queensferry their names. Margaret was the mother of three kings of Scotland and of a queen consort of England. According to the Life of Saint Margaret, attributed to Turgot of Durham, she died at Edinburgh Castle in 1093, just days after receiving the news of her husband's death in battle. In 1250 she was canonised by Pope Innocent IV, and her remains were reinterred in a shrine at Dunfermline Abbey. Her relics were dispersed after the Scottish Reformation and subsequently lost." [Wikipedia]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 31 May 1075, Winchester, Hampshire, England

Notes:

Earl of Northumberland.

"He was present at the marriage of Ralph de Wader at Exning, Cambridgeshire, where the guests entered into a conspiracy against the king. In this he was to some slight extent implicated, but acting on the advice of Archbishop Lanfranc, he crossed over to Normandy to the king, and disclosed the matter to him. The conspiracy having been crushed, the king kept Walthoef with him. But he was accused by his wife, Judith, of more than a mere knowledge of the plot. After a year's deliberation, during which he was imprisoned at Winchester, Waltheof was executed at Winchester, Hampshire 31 May 1075 (or 1076). Two weeks afterward the king allowed his body to be removed to Croyland Abbey, Lincolnshire, where the abbot buried him in the chapterhouse; his remains were subsequently translated into the church near the altar. At an unknown date, Judith was granted the manor of Elstow, Bedfordshire by her uncle, King William the Conqueror. Sometime prior to 1086, she founded a nunnery at Elstow and endowed it with her will." [Royal Ancestry]

Waltheof married Judith of Lens after Jan 1070. Judith (daughter of Lambert II of Boulogne and Alice of Normandy) was born about 1054; died after 1086. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1052
• Alternate death: Abt 1090

Notes:

AR8 says (in a note to 148:22) that, contrary to what was stated in previous editions, Judith was "Adelaide's child by her first marriage to Enguerrand II", but Stewart Baldwin, in the Henry Project's discussion of the three marriages of William I's sister Adelaide, assembles a convincing argument that Judith was a daughter of Lambert of Lens after all. A 19 Nov 2009 post to SGM by John P. Ravilious adds further evidence for the identification of Lambert as her father.

To be fair, Peter Stewart is unconvinced.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 1089

Notes:

1st Earl of Surrey. One of the Conqueror's fifteen proven companions. Died from wounds sustained at the siege of Pevensey.

William married Gundred of Flanders before 1070. Gundred was born in Flanders; died on 27 May 1085 in Castle Acre, Norfolk, England; was buried in Lewes Priory, Sussex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Countess of Surrey. Also called Gundreda de Gand; Gundrada.

"Possibly da. of Gerbod, hereditary advocate of the abbey of St. Bertin at St. Omer." [Complete Peerage]

"[She] was called 'daughter of the Conqueror,' although no evidence was advanced." [Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr., "Royal Bye-Blows: The Illegitimate Children of the English Kings from William I to Edward III", The New England Historical and Genealogical Register 119:94, 1965]

From Wikipedia:

Gundred or Gundreda (Latin: Gundrada) (died 27 May 1085) was the Flemish-born wife of an early Norman baron, William de Warenne, 1st Earl of Surrey. She and her husband established Lewes Priory in Sussex.

Gundred was almost certainly born in Flanders, and was a sister of Gerbod the Fleming, 1st Earl of Chester. She is explicitly so called by Orderic Vitalis, as well as the chronicle of Hyde Abbey. She was also sister of Frederick of Oosterzele-Scheldewindeke, who was killed c. 1070 by Hereward the Wake. Legends based in part on late Lewes priory cartulary suggested Gundred was a daughter of William the Conqueror by his spouse Matilda of Flanders, but this is not accepted by most modern historians. The early-19th-century writer Thomas Stapleton had argued she was a daughter of Matilda, born prior to her marriage to Duke William. This sparked a debate consisting of a series of published papers culminating with those of Edmond Chester Waters and Edward Augustus Freeman who argued the theories could not be supported. Regardless, some genealogical and historical sources continue to make the assertion that she was the Conqueror's daughter.

Gundred married before 1070 William de Warenne, 1st Earl of Surrey (d. 20 June 1088), who rebuilt Lewes Castle, making it his chief residence. Sometime between 1078 and 1082, Gundrada and her husband set out for Rome visiting monasteries along the way. In Burgundy they were unable to go any further due to a war between Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII. They visited Cluny Abbey and were impressed with the monks and their dedication. William and Gundred decided to found a Cluniac priory on their own lands in England. They sent to Hugh the abbot of Cluny for monks to come to England at their monastery. Hugh was reluctant yet eventually sent several monks including Lazlo who became the first abbot. The house they founded was Lewes Priory, dedicated to St. Pancras. Gundred died in childbirth 27 May 1085 at Castle Acre, Norfolk, one of her husband's estates, and was buried at the Chapter house of Lewes Priory. He was later buried beside her.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 18 Oct 1102, Tarsus, Cilicia

Notes:

Count of Crépy. Count of Vermandois and Valois. Duke of France.

Also called Hugh "Magnus".

The place where he died, in what is now south-central Turkey, is the same Tarsus as in "Saul of Tarsus," before he turned into St. Paul.

Post to SGM by Nathaniel Lane Taylor, 22 Jan 2004, about the battle in which Hugues died:

[I]t was I who first first posted the death date & circumstances on Hugh of Vermandois when I started this whole messy thread. But the 1101 date is clearly correct, because Hugh died of wounds after the battle in which a Crusader force was annihilated at Heraklea (Asia Minor) in late September of 1101. There is no mistaking the year, in the chronology of the first Crusade's aftermath. Runciman (2:28-29) does not provide a precise date for that battle, but it was one of three major failures of Western forces the Summer and Fall of 1101. See generally his History of the Crusades, vol. 2, chapter 2, "The Crusades of 1101." On the battle at Heraklea, he says:

"Early in September they [see below] entered Heraclea, which they found deserted as Konya had been. Just beyond the town flowed the river, one of the few Anatolian streams to flow abundantly throughout the summer. The Christian warriors, half-mad from thirst, broke their ranks to rush to the welcoming water. But the Turkish army lay concealed in the thickets on the river banks. As the crusaders surged on in disorder, the Turks sprang out on them and surrounded them. There was no time to reform ranks. Panic spread through the Christian army. Horsemen and infantry were mixed in a dreadful stampede; and as they stumbled in their attempt to flee they were slaughtered by the enemy. The duke of Aquitaine, followed by one of his grooms, cut his way out and rode into the mountains. After many days of wandering through the passes he found his way to Tarsus. Hugh of Vermandois was badly wounded in the battle; but some of his men rescued him and he too reached Tarsus. But he was a dying man. His death took place on 18 October and they buried him there in the Cathedral of St Paul. He never fulfilled his vow to go to Jerusalem. Welf of Bavaria only escaped by throwing away all his armor. After several weeks he arrived with two or three attendants at Antioch. Archbishop Thiemo [of Salzburg] was taken prisoner and martyred for his faith. The fate of the Margravine of Austria is unknown. Later legends said that she ended her days a captive in a far-off harem, where she gave birth to the Moslem hero Zengi. More probably she was thrown from her litter in the panic and trampled to death."

Runciman cites Albert of Aachen, 8.34-40 (pp. 579-82 in the edition he cites); and Ekkehard, 24-26 (pp. 30-32), among other material on the legend of the the Margravine of Austria, etc.

It is PNH's contention that this Hugh le Grand is the exact bellybutton of the Middle Ages. His father was a king of France; his mother was one of the daughters of Yaroslav the Wise, Grand Prince of Kiev; and his daughter Isabel married, as her first husband, one of the Conqueror's proven companions at Hastings. Another daughter, Agnes, married a marcher lord of northern Italy. Through his mother he was also descended from three canonized Kievan saints and two kings of Sweden. He married the last member of the Carolingian dynasty. He died on Crusade. He was called Hugues le Grand. Case closed.

Hugues married Adèle de Vermandois about 1080. Adèle (daughter of Herbert IV and Adela of Vexin) died in 1120; was buried on 28 Sep 1120 in Vermandois, Aisne, Picardy, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Between 1120 and 1124

Notes:

Countess of Vermandois. Last member of the Carolingian dynasty.

According to Royal Ancestry, she died "28 September, between 1120 and 1124."

Notes:

Also called Donnchad I mac Crinain; "An t-Ilgarach" ("The Diseased" or "The Sick").

Murdered by Macbeth. Bothirgouane, Bothgouanan is now called Pitgaveny.

Duncan married Suthen. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Called by Richardson merely an unnamed "cousin of Siward, Earl of Northumberland" and by Ancestral Roots "a dau. of Siward, Danish Earl of Northumbria". Stewart Baldwin's coverage at the Henry Project is here; he notes that "[t]he name of Suthen is known only from an interlined addition to a king list contained in an early fourteenth century manuscript." The name "Suthen" is Gaelic; as Baldwin observes, "if the name is correct, it would call into question the suggestion that Suthen was a relative of Siward."

Eadward married Agatha. Agatha was born between 1015 and 1035; died after 1067. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Probably the single most argued-over figure in medieval genealogy.

Notes:

Also called Sigvarthr. Earl of Northumberland. "The life of King Edward recorded his nickname as 'Digri', or 'Digara', from the Danish Diger meaning 'the Stout', or 'the Strong'. A legend preserved in the twelfth century noted that Siward was descended from the union of a white bear and a noblewoman." [Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]

"Siward, a Dane, who perhaps came to England with Cnut, was an Earl (probably of the southern -- Danish -- portion of the ancient Northumbria) in or before 1041. His marriage had given him some claim to the hereditary Earldom of Northumberland, and in or before 1042 the murder of his wife's uncle Eadulf put him, as Earl, in possession of the whole of Northumbria, from Humber to Tweed. He was presumably Earl also of Northampton and Huntingdon. He gave active support to the Confessor against Earl Godwin and his sons, and in 1054 led a force of English and Danes against the Scottish usurper Macbeth, which put Malcolm, regis Cumbrorum filium, upon his murdered father's throne. He m, 1stly, Elfleda, daughter of Aldred, Earl of Northumbria (d. s.p.m.); and 2ndly, Godiva, a widow. He d. 1055, at York, and was buried at the neighboring abbey of Galmanho, which he had founded." [Complete Peerage IX:702-3]

"Siward succeeded Earl Erik of Hlathir in southern Northumbria between 1023 and 1033, the dates of Erik's last appearance in a charter and Siward's first. Siward was one of those to whom Cnut delegated significant authority in England while he was occupied in his Scandinavian lands. [...] Siward is named by the Norman chronicler William of Poitiers as being one of those magnates of England who swore an oath to secure Duke William of Normandy's succession to the English throne. Siward's rule in Northumbria was seen as particularly harsh but effective by contemporary sources. The life of King Edward describes how before the earl's time parties of even twenty or thirty men were not safe from robbers, but that Siward's policy of killing or mutilating the miscreants, however noble, brought security to the region. [...] Henry of Huntingdon described Earl Siward as a giant of a man 'whose vigour of mind was equal to his bodily strength' (Huntingdon, Historia Anglorum (OMT), 376). During an attack on Scotland, when one of his sons was killed, Siward enquired whether he had received his wound in front or behind. When informed that the wound had been received in front, the earl rejoiced that his son had died a fitting death. This may refer to the death of Osbeorn at the hands of the Scots in 1054. Also according to Henry of Huntingdon, Earl Siward himself died of dysentery. He felt ashamed that he was not going to die in one of his many battles and asked to be dressed in his armour, so that, with shield and battleaxe in his hands, he might die a soldier's death. This was at York, before mid-Lent 1055, when he was buried in the monastery which he had founded at ‘Galmanho’, dedicated to St Olaf, king and martyr—which indicates Siward's continued Danish sympathies." [Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]

Siward married Ælfled of Bernicia. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Count of Lens; Governor of Lille Castle.

Killed in the battle of Lille.

Lambert married Alice of Normandy in 1054. Alice (daughter of Robert I and (Unknown mistress of Robert I)) was born about 1030; died before 1090. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Bef 1035
• Alternate death: Bef 1096

Notes:

Countess of Aumale.

Also called Aelidis; Adeliza; Adelisa; Adelidis.

Definitely a daughter of Robert I, Duke of Normandy; probably by his mistress Herleve/Arlette, but possibly by a different mistress.

"Adelaide or Adeliz, sister ot William the Conqueror, being illeg. da. of Robert, Duke of the Normans, by Herleve or Harlotte, da. of Fulbert or Robert, a pelliparius of Falaise, is mentioned in Domesday as Comitissa de Albamarla and as holding some manors in Essex and Suffolk. In 1082, William, King of the English, and Maud, his wife, gave to the Abbey of La Trinité at Caen the bourg of Le Homme (de Hulmo) in the Cotentin, "sed et Comitissa A. de Albamarla concedente eo videlicet pacto ut ipsa teneret in vita sua." (") Adelaide m., 1stly, Enguerrand II, Count of Ponthieu, who d. s.p.m., being slain in 1053. She m., 2ndly, Lambert, Count of Lens in Artois, who d. s.p.m., being slain in 1054. She m., 3rdly, Eudes, the disinherited Count of Champagne, who had taken refuge in Normandy. She d. before 1090. Her husband obtained Holderness after the date of Domesday. Having conspired against William II in 1094, he was imprisoned in 1096. He occurs as Comes Odo in the Lindsay Survey (1115-18)." [Complete Peerage I:351-52]

Notes:

Shown to be next in line by K. S. B. Keats-Rohan.

Rodulf married Emma. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Henri married Anne of Kiev, Queen Consort of France on 19 May 1051 in Rheims, Marne, Champagne-Ardenne, France. Anne (daughter of Yaroslav I "The Wise", Grand Prince of Kiev and Ingegerd (St. Anna) of Sweden) was born in 1036 in Kiev, Ukraine; died after 1075. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Bef 1079

Notes:

Also known as Agnes of Kiev and Anna Yaroslavna.

According to Royal Ancestry, she died "5 Sept., between 1075 and 1078."

Notes:

Count of Vermandois and Valois.

Herbert married Adela of Vexin before 1068. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Adelaide of Vermandois; Adele of Valois.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 978

Notes:

Also called Cronan. Lay-abbot of Dunkeld (Dun Caillen).

Killed in battle against Macbeth, who (in 1040) had slain his son Duncan.

Crinan married Bethoc of Scotland about 1005. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Beatrice, Bethóc ingen Maíl Coluim meic Cináeda.

Eadmund married Ealdgyth, Queen Consort of England in 1015. Ealdgyth was born in 992; died after 1016. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 992
• Alternate death: Aft 1016

Notes:

Earl of Bernicia. "He was the son of Uhtred, Earl of Northumbria, who was murdered by Thurbrand the Hold in 1016 with the connivance of Cnut. Ealdred's mother was Ecgfrida, daughter of Aldhun, bishop of Durham. Ealdred succeeded his uncle Eadwulf Cudel as Earl of Bernicia in 1020/25, and some time probably in the mid-1020s he killed Thurbrand in revenge for his father's death. In 1038 Ealdred was murdered by Thurbrand's son, Carl." [Wikipedia]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 1047

Notes:

Count of Boulogne.

He and his wife Mathilde of Louvain were fifth cousins through common descent from Aelfred "the Great" (848-899), king of Wessex, and fifth cousins once removed through common descent from Charles the Bald (823-877), Holy Roman Emperor, grandson of Charlemagne.

Eustace married Mathilde of Louvain. Mathilde (daughter of Lambert I "The Bearded" and Gerberga of Lorraine) was born about 993. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1004, Louvain, Brabant, Belgium

Notes:

Also called Mahaut de Louvain; Maud de Leuven; Mathilda of Lens.

She and her husband Eustace I of Boulogne were fifth cousins through common descent from Aelfred "the Great" (848-899), king of Wessex, and fifth cousins once removed through common descent from Charles the Bald (823-877), Holy Roman Emperor, grandson of Charlemagne.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 1035
• Alternate death: 22 Jul 1035

Notes:

"The Devil." Duke of Normandy.

Robert married (Unknown mistress of Robert I). [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Rodulf married Beatrice. Beatrice died after 1053. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

"[W]hose mother was almost certainly a sister of Gunnor, 2nd wife of Richard I, Duke of Normandy." [Complete Peerage]

According to the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, she is "shown to have been a niece of Duke Richard of Normandy by the later statement of Archbishop Anselm that the Warennes and the dukes then shared an ancestor four generations back on one side and six on the other."

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 27 Mar 971, Orléans, Loiret, France
• Alternate birth: 27 Mar 972, Orléans, Loiret, France

Notes:

Called "The Pious."

Robert married Constance of Provence, Queen Consort of France about May 1004. Constance (daughter of Guillaume I "le Liberateur" and Adelaide-Blanche of Anjou) was born between 985-990; died on 22 Jul 1034 in Melun, Seine-et-Marne, Île-de-France, France; was buried in Abbey of Saint-Denis, Saint-Denis, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 986
• Alternate death: 25 Jul 1032, Château Melun, Seine-et-Marne, Île-de-France, France

Notes:

Also called Constance de Toulouse; Constance of Arles.

"Queen Constance was not someone to be caught with down a dark alley, or even a well-lit street -- she was a violent termagant who once poked out a priest's eye with a stick when undertaking crowd control at a heresy trial. She fomented war between her sons over the succession after Robert II's death." [Peter Stewart, SGM, 3 Jun 2022]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 20 Feb 1054

Notes:

Also called Jaroslav I Vladimirovich. Grand Prince of Kiev from 1019 to 1054.

Yaroslav married Ingegerd (St. Anna) of Sweden. Ingegerd (daughter of Olof Skötkonung, King of Sweden and Estrid of the Obotrites) died on 10 Feb 1050. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also known as Ingegerd (or Ingegarde, or Ingrid) Olofsdotter. Her christening name was Irina (Irene). For having initiated the building of the Saint Sophia Cathedral in Kiev, she was later declared a saint under the name St. Anna. Her feast days are 10 February and 4 October.

Notes:

Count of Vermandois.

Otto married Parvi. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Pavie.

Raoul married Adele de Bar-sur-Aube. Adele (daughter of Nocher III) died in 1053. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Aelis.