Alfonso IX, King of León and Galicia

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 1166

Notes:

Called "el Baboso," "the Slobberer," supposedly because he was subject to fits of rage during which he foamed at the mouth. Despite this, he is also notable for having founded the University of Salamanca and for convening what was arguably the first parliament in Western Europe that included representatives of the urban bourgeoisie. Our theory is that he was a marooned time-traveler from the future: if you found yourself stuck in twelfth-century Spain, you'd foam at the mouth once in a while too.

From Wikipedia:

In spite of the democratic precedent represented by the Cortes and the founding of the University of Salamanca, Alfonso is often chiefly remembered for the difficulties his successive marriages caused between him with Pope Celestine III. He was first married in 1191 to his first cousin, Theresa of Portugal, who bore him two daughters, and a son who died young. The marriage was declared null by the papal legate Cardinal Gregory for consanguinity.

After Alfonso VIII of Castile was defeated at the Battle of Alarcos, Alfonso IX invaded Castile with the aid of Muslim troops. He was summarily excommunicated by Pope Celestine III. In 1197, Alfonso IX married his first cousin once removed, Berengaria of Castile, to cement peace between León and Castile. For this second act of consanguinity, the king and the kingdom were placed under interdict by representatives of the Pope. In 1198, Pope Innocent III declared Alfonso and Berengaria's marriage invalid, but they stayed together until 1204. The annulment of this marriage by the pope drove the younger Alfonso to again attack his cousin in 1204, but treaties made in 1205, 1207, and 1209 each forced him to concede further territories and rights. The treaty in 1207 is the first existing public document in the Castilian dialect.

The Pope was, however, compelled to modify his measures by the threat that, if the people could not obtain the services of religion, they would not support the clergy, and that heresy would spread. The king was left under interdict personally, but to that he showed himself indifferent, and he had the support of his clergy. Berengaria left him after the birth of five children, and the king then returned to Theresa, to whose daughters he left his kingdom in his will.

Family/Spouse: Aldonza Martinez da Silva. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Alfonso married Berenguela I of Castile, Queen Of Castile & Toledo before 17 Dec 1197 in Valladolid, Castile, Spain. Berenguela (daughter of Alfonso VIII, King of Castile, Toledo, and Extramadura and Eleanor of England) was born about 1180; died on 8 Nov 1246 in Las Huelgas, near Burgos, Castile, Spain; was buried in Abbey of Santa María la Real de Las Huelgas, Burgos, Castile, Spain. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Annulled by Pope Innocent III on grounds of consanguinity.

1. Bérenguère of Castile-León was born about 1199; died on 12 Apr 1237 in Constantinople.
2. St. Fernando III, King Of Castile, León, Galicia, Toledo, Córdoba, Jaén, and Seville was born between Jun 1201 and Jul 1201 in En route between Salamanca and Zamora; was christened before 5 Aug 1201; died on 30 May 1252 in Seville, Andalusia, Spain; was buried in Cathedral Santa María, Seville, Andalusia, Spain.
3. Alfonso was born between 1203 and 1204; died on 6 Jan 1272 in Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.

Fernando married Urraca of Portugal in 1165. Urraca (daughter of Affonso I Henriques, King of Portugal and Mafalda of Savoy) was born about 1150; died on 16 Oct 1188 in Bamba, near Valladolid, Castile, Spain; was buried in Monastery of San Juan Bautista of the Knights of St. John, Bamba, near Valladolid, Castile, Spain. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1151

Notes:

"Su última aparición en la documentación medieval fue en 1211 cuando donó a la Catedral de Zamora la villa de Castrotorafe que había recibido como parte de las arras entregadas por rey Fernando en 1165." [Spanish-language Wikipedia]

Notes:

Called "Emperor" (Emperador).

Alfonso married Berenguela of Barcelona in Nov 1128 in Saldaña, Palencia, Castilla-Leon, Spain. Berenguela (daughter of Ramon III Berenguer and Dulce de Gévauden) was born about 1114; died on 15 Jan 1149 in Palencia, Castile, Spain; was buried in Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 1116
• Alternate death: 31 Jan 1149, Palencia, Castile, Spain
• Alternate death: 3 Feb 1149

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 25 Jul 1110

Notes:

"Conquistador."

Affonso married Mafalda of Savoy in 1146. Mafalda (daughter of Amadeo III and Mahaut of Albon) was born about 1125 in Savoy, Italy; died on 4 Nov 1157 in Coimbra, Portugal; was buried in Monastery of Santa Cruz, Coimbra, Portugal. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 3 Dec 1157, Coimbra, Portugal

Notes:

Also called Mahaut; Maud; Matilda; Mafalda de Saboia.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1070, Besançon, France
• Alternate death: 13 Sep 1107, Grajal de Campos, León, Spain
• Alternate death: 20 Sep 1107, Grajal de Campos, León, Spain

Raymond married Urraca, Queen of Galicia, Castile, Leon, and Toledo between Dec 1092 and Jan 1093 in Toledo, Toledo, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain. Urraca (daughter of Alfonso VI, King of Leon, Castile, and Galicia and Constance of Burgundy) was born on 24 Jun 1081 in León, León, Spain; died on 8 Mar 1126 in Saldaña, Palencia, Castilla-Leon, Spain; was buried in Monastery of San Isidoro, León, Spain. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 1082

Notes:

Countess of Galicia 1093; heiress presumptive in 1108. Queen in her own right of Galicia, Castile, Leon, and Toledo, 1 Jul 1109.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 19 Jul 1131, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain

Notes:

"The Great." Count of Barcelona.

Ramon married Dulce de Gévauden on 3 Feb 1112. Dulce (daughter of Gilbert of Gévauden and Gerberga of Provence) was born after 1092; died between 28 Nov 1127 and 1130. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Countess of Provence.

Notes:

Count of Portugal.

Henry married Teresa of León And Castile in 1093. Teresa (daughter of Alfonso VI, King of Leon, Castile, and Galicia and Ximena Moniz) was born about 1080; died on 11 Nov 1130. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Alfónsez Teresa Leon.

Notes:

Count of Savoy, Maurienne, and Turin. Died on crusade.

"Amadeus had a tendency to exaggerate his titles, and also claimed to be Duke of Lombardy, Duke of Burgundy, Duke of Chablais, and vicar of the Holy Roman Empire, the latter of which had been given to his father by Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor." [Wikipedia]

Amadeo married Mahaut of Albon in 1123. Mahaut (daughter of Guigues VIII of Albon and Matilda) died after 1145. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Matilda.

Notes:

Count of Burgundy and, from 1078, Count of Mâcon.

Called "tête hardie", "the rash" or "the stubborn".

William married Stephanie between 1049 and 1057. Stephanie died after 1092. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

The Wikipedia article about William I, Count of Burgundy, asserts (as of 29 Jun 2015) two wives for him, an "Etiennette de Longuy" that he married circa 1040 and a "Stephanie" that he married before his death in 1087. The article then lists one set of children for Stephanie and another set of "children of either Stephanie or Etiennette". This appears to be confused. [Note that as of 1 May 2016, Wikipedia's article appears to have been cleaned up and corrected.]

According to Ancestral Roots, William had one wife, whom they identify as "Stephanie, parentage NN". They then note: "Prof. David H. Kelly believes her parentage unproven (2003). De Vajay, in Annales de Bourgogne vol. 32 (1960) 258-261, identifies Stephanie (Etiennette) as dau. of Clemence de Foix & Albert de Longwy, Duke of Lorraine, d. 1048. Clemence is identified as dau. of Bernard I Roger, Comte de Foix, d. 1035, & Garsinde de Bigorre; & Bernard as son of Roger I de Carcassonne & wife Adelaide. Moriarty, The Plantagenet Ancestry of King Edward III and Queen Philippa, supplies pedigree charts for these families, but does not agree with de Vajay as to her identity. Garnier, Tableaux Généalogiques des Souverains de la France et de ses Grand Feudataires, table XXVIII, shows her as dau. of Raymond II, Count of Barcelona."

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 30 Jun 1109, Toledo, Toledo, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain

Alfonso married Constance of Burgundy in 1079. Constance (daughter of Robert I and Helie of Semur) was born in 1046; died in 1092; was buried in Royal Monastery of San Benito, Sahagun, León, Spain. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 1093

Notes:

"The Fratricide"; "The Towhead". Count of Barcelona. "Killed while hunting in the woods of Perxa del Astor."

Ramon married Mahalta of Apulia before 13 Jul 1078. Mahalta (daughter of Robert Guiscard and Sigelgaita di Salerno) was born about 1059; died on 19 Sep 1108. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Between 1111 and 1112

Notes:

Count of Gévauden; Viscount of Millau and Lodeve; Count of Provence. Also called Gilbert of Millau.

Gilbert married Gerberga of Provence. Gerberga (daughter of Geoffrey I and Etiennette) was born about 1060; died in 1115. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Countess of Provence; Countess of Arles.

Ancestral Roots [111:26] gives her as a daughter of Fulk (Bertrand), Count of Provence, citing Europäische Stammtafeln, but the discussion in this SGM thread suggests that this is an error on ES's part and that she was, as most other sources have her, a daughter of Fulk (Betrand)'s father, Geoffrey I of Provence.

Notes:

Called "The Gallant" (le Damoiseau).

Henry married (Unknown wife of Henry I of Burgundy). (Unknown died after 5 Jul 1074; was buried in Besançon, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

"The name of Henry's wife is not known, though both Sibylla and Clémence have been suggested. Based purely on onomastics, historian Szabolcs de Vajay proposed that she was the daughter of Berenguer Ramon I, Count of Barcelona and his third wife, Guisle of Lluca. If this is true, Henry would have been married in Barcelona while on crusade." [Wikipedia]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 30 Jun 1109, Toledo, Toledo, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain

Alfonso married Ximena Moniz. Ximena died in 1128. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Jimena Munoz; Ximena Nunia de Guzman.

"Apparently between his first and second marriages [Alfonso VI] formed a liaison with Jimena Muñoz, a 'most noble' (nobilissima) concubine 'derived from royalty' (real generacion). She appears to have been put aside, given land in Ulver, at the time of Alfonso's remarriage. By her Alfonso had two illegitimate daughters, Elvira and Teresa." [Wikipedia]

Notes:

Called "the Fat." Count of Maurienne, Savoy, and Turin

Umberto married Gisela of Burgundy about 1090. Gisela (daughter of William I "The Great" of Burgundy and Stephanie) was born about 1070; died after 1133. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Marchioness of Montferrat.

Notes:

Count of Albon. Called "Guigues the Old."

Guigues married Matilda. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Referred to in contemporary sources as "Queen" Matilda, leading to speculation as to which living queen she could have been. Variously proposed as a daughter of Edgar the Atheling (d. 1126) or of Roger I of Sicily (d. 1101), in the latter case by his third wife Adelaide of Savona. The case for Roger and Adelaide is plausible, although they are known to have had another daughter named Matilda who married Conrad II of Italy.

Notes:

Count of Burgundy.

Renaud married Adélaïde of Normandy before 2 Nov 1023. Adélaïde (daughter of Richard II and Judith of Brittany) died after 1074. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Sometimes called Judith. "As for Judith being the same person as Adelais, there is no reason to doubt this: she was recorded as Renaud's wife named Adelais in 1023, well before occurring with her mother's name Judith in 1037 (perhaps the alternative was used to distinguish her from her step-mother-in-law Adelais), and she was still living nearly two decades after Renaud's death." [Peter Stewart, citation details below.]

Ferdinand married Sancha of Leon. Sancha (daughter of Alfonso V, King of Leon and Elvira Menéndez) was born in 1013; died on 27 Nov 1067. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 21 May 1076

Notes:

"The Old." Duke of Burgundy.

"In 1025, with the death of his eldest brother Hugh Magnus, he and Henry rebelled against their father and defeated him, forcing him back to Paris. In 1031, after the death of his father the king, Robert participated in a rebellion against his brother, in which he was supported by his mother, Constance of Arles. Peace was only achieved when Robert was given Burgundy (1032). Throughout his reign, he was little more than a robber baron who had no control over his own vassals, whose estates he often plundered, especially those of the Church. He seized the income of the diocese of Autun and the wine of the canons of Dijon. He burgled the abbey of St-Germain at Auxerre. In 1055, he repudiated his wife, Helie of Semur, and assassinated her brother Joceran and murdered her father, his father-in-law, Lord Dalmace I of Semur, with his own hands. In that same year, the bishop of Langres, Harduoin, refused to dedicate the church of Sennecy so as not "to be exposed to the violence of the duke." [Wikipedia]

Robert married Helie of Semur about 1033. Helie (daughter of Dalmas I of Semur and Aremburge de Vergy) was born about 1015; died after 1055 in Priory of the Holy Trinity of Marcigny-lès-Nonnains, Burgundy, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 1016, of Semur-en-Brionnais, Bourgogne, France

Notes:

Also called Petronilla; Eleanor; Héliette; Hermegarde. Died as a nun.

Notes:

"The Old". Count of Barcelona.

Ramon married Almodis de La Marche after Apr 1053. Almodis (daughter of Bernard I and Amelie) was born about 1010; died on 16 Oct 1071. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1020

Notes:

Married Hugh V of Lusignan around 1038. After three children, he divorced her "due to consanguinity" and arranged for her to marry Pons of Toulouse. She had several children by Pons and was still married to him in 1053 when she was abducted by Ramon Berenguer I, Count of Barcelona, who kidnapped her from Narbonne with help from his ally, the Muslim emir of Tortosa. Ramon married her immediately and set about getting her with children. Pope Victor II excommunicated them both, but the writ was rescinded in 1056.

From Wikipedia:

Almodis maintained contact with her former husbands and many children, and in 1066/1067 she traveled to Toulouse for her daughter's wedding [Almodis, who married Count Pierre of Melgueil]. A few years before, in 1060, [her first husband] Hugh V of Lusignan had revolted against his lord, Duke William VIII of Aquitaine, in support of Almodis' son [by her second husband] William IV of Toulouse.* Her sons supported one another in military campaigns; Hugh VI of Lusignan [by her first husband], Raymond IV of Toulouse [by her second], and Berenguer Ramon [by her third] all took the Cross.

*****

She was murdered in October 1071 by one Pere-Ramon who had been Ramon Berenguer's heir before Ramon married her. Wikipedia: "He was disinherited and exiled for his crime, and fled the country. When his father died in 1076, Barcelona was split between Berenguer Ramon and Ramon Berenguer, Almodis' sons. The family history of murder did not end with Pedro Ramon, as Berenguer Ramon earned his nickname 'The Fratricide' when he killed his own twin brother."

*****

* See her first husband Hugh V's entry: she seems to have persuaded him to enter the fray on behalf of her son by husband #2, and he lost his life by so doing.

Notes:

"Robert Guiscard (c.?1015 - 17 July 1085) was a Norman adventurer conspicuous in the conquest of southern Italy and Sicily. Robert was born into the Hauteville family in Normandy, went on to become Count of Apulia and Calabria (1057-1059), and then Duke of Apulia and Calabria and Duke of Sicily (1059-1085). His sobriquet, in contemporary Latin Viscardus and Old French Viscart, is often rendered 'the Resourceful', 'the Cunning', 'the Wily', 'the Fox', or 'the Weasel'. In Italian sources he is often Roberto il Guiscardo or Roberto d'Altavilla (from Robert de Hauteville)." [Wikipedia]

The Byzantine historian Anna Comnena described Robert Guiscard:

"This Robert was Norman by birth, of obscure origins, with an overbearing character and a thoroughly villainous mind; he was a brave fighter, very cunning in his assaults on the wealth and power of great men; in achieving his aims absolutely inexorable, diverting criticism by incontrovertible argument. He was a man of immense stature, surpassing even the biggest men; he had a ruddy complexion, fair hair, broad shoulders, eyes that all but shot out sparks of fire. In a well-built man one looks for breadth here and slimness there; in him all was admirably well-proportioned and elegant...Homer remarked of Achilles that when he shouted his hearers had the impression of a multitude in uproar, but Robert's bellow, so they say, put tens of thousands to flight." [The Alexiad of Anna Comnena, trans. E. R. A. Sewter (London: Penguin, 1969), p. 54.]

Robert married Sigelgaita di Salerno in 1058. Sigelgaita (daughter of Gaimar IV of Salerno and Gemma) was born about 1040; died in 1090. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Viscount of Millau and Rodez; Viscount of Carlat.

Berenger married Adele de Carlat. Adele (daughter of Girbert and Nobilia de Lodève) was born in 1060; died in 1115. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Josfred. Count of Provence.

Geoffrey married Etiennette. Etiennette died in 1095. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Douce, Estève. French-language Wikipedia says she was "perhaps" a daughter of William II, viscount of Marseilles (d. 1031).

Notes:

Count of Maurienne and Savoy; Margrave of Susa.

Amadeo married Joan of Geneva between 1065 and 1070. Joan (daughter of Gérold of Geneva and Gisele) died about 1095. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Count of Burgundy and, from 1078, Count of Mâcon.

Called "tête hardie", "the rash" or "the stubborn".

William married Stephanie between 1049 and 1057. Stephanie died after 1092. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

The Wikipedia article about William I, Count of Burgundy, asserts (as of 29 Jun 2015) two wives for him, an "Etiennette de Longuy" that he married circa 1040 and a "Stephanie" that he married before his death in 1087. The article then lists one set of children for Stephanie and another set of "children of either Stephanie or Etiennette". This appears to be confused. [Note that as of 1 May 2016, Wikipedia's article appears to have been cleaned up and corrected.]

According to Ancestral Roots, William had one wife, whom they identify as "Stephanie, parentage NN". They then note: "Prof. David H. Kelly believes her parentage unproven (2003). De Vajay, in Annales de Bourgogne vol. 32 (1960) 258-261, identifies Stephanie (Etiennette) as dau. of Clemence de Foix & Albert de Longwy, Duke of Lorraine, d. 1048. Clemence is identified as dau. of Bernard I Roger, Comte de Foix, d. 1035, & Garsinde de Bigorre; & Bernard as son of Roger I de Carcassonne & wife Adelaide. Moriarty, The Plantagenet Ancestry of King Edward III and Queen Philippa, supplies pedigree charts for these families, but does not agree with de Vajay as to her identity. Garnier, Tableaux Généalogiques des Souverains de la France et de ses Grand Feudataires, table XXVIII, shows her as dau. of Raymond II, Count of Barcelona."

Notes:

Called "the Fat." Count of Albon; Sire of Vion.

Guigues married Petronell. Petronell (daughter of Artaud of Annonay) died before 1071. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]