Hugh Ross

Notes:

4th Earl of Ross.

"Hugh Ross fourth earl of Ross (d. 1333), was showered with royal favours even before he succeeded to the earldom. Chief among these was his first marriage, to King Robert's sister Maud, daughter of Robert Brus, earl of Carrick, which took place some time before 1323. They had two sons and a daughter. Grants of lands and offices (some of them made to him jointly with his wife) included the sheriffdoms and burghs of Cromarty and Nairn, the Isle of Skye, and estates in southern Ross and the Black Isle, as well as the thanage of Glendowachy in Fife; they helped make Earl Hugh one of the richest magnates in the kingdom. In 1328 he swore on King Robert's behalf that the terms of the Anglo-Scottish treaty for the marriage of Prince David to Princess Joan would be observed. Maud had died some time before 24 November 1329, when Hugh received a dispensation for his marriage to Margaret Graham, daughter of Sir David Graham of Old Montrose; they had a son and three daughters. Hugh was loyal to the cause of King Robert's son. He brought a force to the army which fought for David II at Halidon Hill on 19 July 1333 and was killed there, one of the few Scottish magnates to distinguish himself in the battle." [Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, citation details below]

Hugh married Maud Bruce in 1308. Maud (daughter of Robert de Brus and Marjory of Carrick) died after Sep 1323. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Hugh married Margaret Graham before 24 Nov 1329. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

"[L]iving 1350 when styled Countess of Caithness and Orkney." [The Ancestry of Charles II, King of England (citation details below)]

Marjorie married Malise of Strathearn between 1325 and 1328. Malise (son of Malise of Strathearn and (Unknown first wife of Malise, 7th earl of Strathearn)) died between 7 Jun 1344 and 11 Nov 1357. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

5th Earl of Ross.

From Wikipedia (accessed 31 May 2021):

William was the son of Hugh, Earl of Ross, and his wife Matilda Bruce, daughter of Robert de Bruce, 6th Lord of Annandale. He was first cousin to David II, king of Scotland, through his mother, who was a sister of Robert the Bruce.

William was in Norway at the time of his father's death at the Battle of Halidon Hill in 1333, but returned in 1336 and took possession of the earldom. Soon after his return, the earl undertook the rebuilding of the ruinous Fearn Abbey, which had been founded by Fearchar MacTaggart in the previous century.

The life of William, Earl of Ross, is closely entwined with the political and military events of the reign of David II, who was ever vigilant to repel the English as they undertook to expand their influence in Scotland. In 1339, the English, in support of Edward Baliol's claim to the Scottish crown, had planted themselves in Perth, and the earl played a key role in David's siege of Perth. Aware that the defensive channel of water around the town made it difficult for the Scots to enter the city, Ross and his men diverted the waters and filled in the ditch with driftwood, giving them access to the city walls. At this point, the English decided to give up the cause and pulled out.

In 1342, Ross granted a charter for ten davochs (about 4,160 acres or 104 Scots acres) of land in Kintail to Ronald MacRuari (Raghnall MacRuaidhrí), Lord of the Isles, a descendant of Somerled.

In 1346, David summoned his earls and their men to gather at Perth in advance of an incursion into England. However, before the assembled army pulled out, William became embroiled in a dispute with his vassal Ronald MacRuari and killed him at the priory of Elcho. Fearing repercussions, the earl pulled back to the safety of his own territories, and many other northern lords followed suit. David continued south into England where he was taken captive in Durham for what turned out to be a period of eleven years.

While David was imprisoned, Earl William undertook additional measures that ultimately would alienate the king, as evidenced by court records showing that he seized all the proceeds of the court in 1348. However, in 1349, David, while still in captivity, was still relying on William in his role as justiciar of Scotland north of the Forth, by asking him to attend to a matter involving William de Deyn, Bishop of Aberdeen, in his conflict with William of St. Michael, who had seized some property of the Church. This case was resolved in Aberdeenshire at one of the courts which were still being held at the ancient Stone Circles of northern Scotland.

Nonetheless, William's behavior at the priory of Elchor, combined with his less than honorable behavior in 1348, had eroded the king's trust in him, and by 1355 he had been replaced as justiciar.

In 1357, Earl William attended the session of Parliament where plans for the ransom of David II were discussed. Accordingly, on 3 October, the king of Scotland was finally released at Berwick on the condition that the ransom payment be secured by the taking of twenty hostages, with Earl William (or possibly his young son) named as one of the six noblemen to serve as hostages on a rotating basis.

Upon David's return to Scotland, he imposed heavy taxation on his nobles in order to pay his ransom, a move which led to a rebellion of the Highland lords, including William and his half-brother, Hugh de Rarichies, in 1366. In 1368, Ross and the others were required to find security to keep the peace.

Near the end of his life, William was forced to change the entail on his earldom. His only son, William, was a sickly lad, and the earl was well aware that if the boy died, leaving him without a male heir, the earldom would pass out of the Mactaggart family. To prevent this from coming to pass, he consulted with his sister Marjory, Countess of Caithness and Orkney, who consented to entailing the earldom to their half-brother, Hugh of Rarichies. This arrangement, which happened in 1350, would have had the effect of preserving the earldom in the Mactaggart family. Although young William was named in 1354 as one of the hostages for the king's ransom, records show that by August 1357 he was quite ill and must have died soon after. Indeed, in 1357, young William died, but fourteen years later, King David, never fond of William for his earlier bad decisions, ripped the earldom out of the Mactaggart line.

Instead of agreeing that Hugh of Rarichies would succeed William, the king settled the earldom on William's daughter, Euphemia, and then forced her to marry Walter de Leslie, who had made a name for himself fighting with the king of France, with the Holy Roman Emperors in the Northern Crusades, and with Peter of Cyprus on his Alexandrian Crusade. David II wished to reward this internationally renowned Scotsman for his bravery by settling an earldom on him. To this end, at Perth on 23 October 1370, David took the step of re-confirming William in the earldom of Ross and lordship of Skye, but only with the unwelcome stipulation that he must give his daughter in marriage to Leslie. Though Ross planned to seek help through the chancellor, he was stopped by the forces of Walter Leslie, who waylaid and attacked his emissaries. In 1371, after King David died, William appealed to Robert II, whom he had fought with at the Siege of Perth when Robert was High Steward of Scotland, but to no avail.

William, Earl of Ross, died on 9 February 1372 at Denly in Ross-shire, the last of the O’Baleon earls of Ross. He was succeeded by his daughter Euphemia and her husband Walter de Lesley.

William married Mary of the Isles on 25 May 1342. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Abt 20 Feb 1389

Euphemia married Robert II, King of Scots about May 1355. Robert (son of Walter Stewart and Marjory Bruce) was born on 2 Mar 1316 in Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland; died on 19 Apr 1390 in Dundonald Castle, South Ayrshire, Scotland; was buried in Scone Abbey, Perthshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: William Sinclair. William (son of William Sinclair) was born in of Roslin, Midlothian, Scotland; died after 17 Sep 1358. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Aft 5 Sep 1394
• Alternate death: Abt 20 Feb 1395

Eupheme married Walter Leslie before 13 Sep 1365. Walter (son of Andrew Leslie and Mary Abernethy) died on 27 Feb 1382 in Perth, Perthshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

"[A] lady variously named Jean, Kathrina and Elizabeth, daughter of King Robert II." [The Scots Peerage, citation details below]

Elizabeth married David Lindsay before 1384. David (son of Alexander Lindsay and Catherine Stirling) was born between 1359 and 1360; died in Feb 1407 in Finhaven Castle, Angus, Scotland; was buried in Greyfriars, Dundee, Angus, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Abt 1400

Notes:

Earl of Orkney. He was an unremarkable Scottish and Norse nobleman who, for reasons that pass all understanding, has become the focus of a series of ginned-up legends involving Rosslyn Chapel (built by his grandson William Sinclair, 1410-84), Templarism, alleged pre-Columbian Atlantic crossings, and a seemingly endless flow of related nonsense. That odious fountain of bullshit Holy Blood, Holy Grail (1982) is partly responsible. Another OFOB, Dan Brown, is similarly at fault. Even the respectable Complete Peerage is contributory, retailing (volume 10, page 94) as straight fact the made-up tale of his discovery of Greenland. The Scots Peerage (volume 6, pages 568-69) also rolls out the Greenland humbug, along with the entirely imaginary story of his involvement with the Venetian sailor Nicolo Zeno. A reputable historian, William Thomson, remarked in his New History of Orkney (2008) that "It has been Earl Henry's singular fate to enjoy an ever-expanding posthumous reputation which has very little to do with anything he achieved in his lifetime."

A good summary of his actual history is here, on a site devoted to the factual history of the Orkneys:

Henry Sinclair was born at Rosslyn Castle, near Edinburgh, in 1345. He enters Orkney history in the late 1370s - a period when the islands were without an earl.

In Orkney, the death of Earl Malise, Henry's grandfather, in 1365, had resulted in a succession dispute that was not resolved for 26 years. Henry became involved in a struggle for the possession of the earldom with Erngisl Sunesson and Alexander de Ard. Sinclair bested his two rivals, eventually being granted the earldom by the Norwegian King Haakon VI, in 1379.

His appointment was on the condition that he not only defend Orkney and Shetland but also that, if required, he provide Norway with military support. A further condition was that he build no permanent structures. This, however, was blatantly ignored. Sinclair went on to build the Kirkwall Castle shortly after.

Not much else is known about Henry Sinclair. He was killed around 1400, his demise described by the Sinclair Diploma:

"…he retirit to the parts of Orchadie and josit them to the latter tyme of his life, and deit Erile of Orchadie, and for the defence of the country was slain there cruellie by his enemiis..."

The identity of these "enemiis" and the exact circumstances of Henry's death are unclear. We do not even know where in Orkney he met his death.

What we do know is that sometime in 1401:

"The English invaded, burnt and spoiled certain islands of Orkney."

It is therefore possible that Earl Henry Sinclair died sometime in 1400, or 1401 - possibly repelling an English force who raided Orkney after the Scots attacked an English fleet outside Aberdeen.

After Henry's death, the earldom passed to his son, also called Henry. Earl Henry II was earl by name only and there is no record of him ever visiting the Orkneys during his 20-year reign.

Family/Spouse: Jean Haliburton. Jean (daughter of Walter Haliburton) was born in of Dirleton, East Lothian, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Abt 1435

Notes:

Also called Margaret Leslie, Marion de Leslie.

Mary married Donald MacDonald before 1388. Donald (son of John of the Isles and Margaret Stewart) died about 1423 in Ardtornish in Morvern, Inverness, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Elizabeth married Robert Erskine after 20 Dec 1400. Robert (son of Thomas Erskine and Janet Keith) died between 7 Sep 1451 and 6 Nov 1452. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

2nd Earl of Crawford.

"[A]s a minor a hostage for the Earl of Douglas 1406-7, called 'dilectus consanguineus' 1407 in a safe-conduct from King Henry IV, knighted at the coronation of James I, 21 May 1424, a hostage in England for the king's ransom 1424-27, ambassador to England January 1430/1, a commissioner of truce 31 Mar 1438." [The Ancestry of Charles II, citation details below]

"[He] was much less prominent in public life than his father. In part this was the result of two spells in captivity, in 1406–7 as a hostage for the fourth earl of Douglas and in 1424–7 as a hostage for James I. In 1407 Henry IV of England granted him a safe conduct for travel to Amiens, an early indication of a long-standing family devotion to St John the Baptist, whose head was venerated there. He received a safe conduct for travel to England in 1416 and again in 1421, when he was one of the commissioners appointed to negotiate the release of James I from English captivity. In December of the same year he arranged a male entail for the Crawford lands. In 1424 he met James at Durham with hostages for the king's release. Although Crawford is said to have been knighted at James's coronation on 21 May 1424, on 25 March he had taken oath as a hostage for the king, his own ransom set at 1000 merks. During this second period of captivity he was imprisoned in the Tower of London, York, and finally Pontefract. Two years after his release in 1427 he endowed a chaplaincy in the parish church of Dundee with an annual grant of 12 merks. He received another safe conduct in January 1430, to meet English envoys at Hawdenstank, and in January 1431 he was again nominated as an ambassador to England. In 1438 he was appointed a commissioner of the Anglo-Scottish truce. Little else is known of Crawford, but he was said to have been active in the capture of James I's assassins. He and his wife Marjory, whose identity is unrecorded, had five sons and two daughters." [Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, citation details below]

Alexander married Marjory before 1410. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: John Drummond. John (son of John Drummond and Mary Montfichet) was born about 1360 in of Cargill and Stobhall, Perthshire, Scotland; died in 1428. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: John Stewart. John (son of Robert Stewart and Joan Stewart) was born in of Lorne, Argyll, Scotland; died on 20 Dec 1463 in Dunstaffnage, Argyle and Bute, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

2nd Lord Erskine. Knighted before 24 Jan 1441. Sat in the Scottish parliament 14 Oct 1467. Sheriff of Stirling 1483. Sided with James III in the insurrection of 1488.

Thomas married Janet Douglas before 1445. Janet died after Aug 1489. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 27 Jan 1446

Notes:

3rd Earl of Crawford.

"David Lindsay third earl of Crawford (d. 1446), had been knighted by 17 September 1425 and witnessed a royal charter as earl on 1 February 1440. During the minority of James II he was associated politically with the Douglas family and he was among those who ravaged the lands of James Kennedy, bishop of St Andrews, in 1445. As a result he was excommunicated; according to a later source, this did not bother him greatly. He died at Finavon Castle on 17 January 1446, having been mortally wounded while attempting to prevent a battle at Arbroath between Lindsay kinsmen and the Ogilvy family, to which his wife, Marjory, belonged. Friction between the two families had arisen after the earl's son Alexander was replaced as justiciar of Arbroath Abbey by Alexander Ogilvy of Inverquharity. […] He had died excommunicate and was not buried until his erstwhile foe Bishop Kennedy lifted the sentence." [Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, citation details below]

David married Marjory Ogilvy after 26 Feb 1423. Marjory (daughter of Alexander Ogilvy) died after 17 Nov 1478. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 1455

Notes:

Knighted by James II by 1439.

Family/Spouse: Margaret Ruthven. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Colin Campbell. Colin (son of Archibald Campbell) died on 10 May 1493. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Humphrey Colquhoun. Humphrey (son of John Colquhoun and (Unknown) Boyd) was born in of Luss, Argyll, Scotland; died about 19 Aug 1493. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

3rd Lord Erskine.

Alexander married Christian Crichton before 9 Oct 1466. Christian (daughter of Robert Crichton and Elizabeth) died between Nov 1477 and Mar 1478. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

4th Earl of Crawford. Called "the Tiger" for his character, and "Beardie" for his facial appearance.

"Sheriff of Aberdeen, Guardian of the Marches, in league with the Douglas against James II, but submitted with great ceremony and was restored." [The Ancestry of Charles II, citation details below]

"He had been appointed sheriff of Aberdeenshire by 1450 and as an envoy to England and commissioner of the truce the following year. From 1453 he was also a guardian of the march. Despite his border interests he was also active in the north-east, and probably in the early 1450s entered into a bond with the eighth earl of Douglas and John Macdonald, lord of the Isles. Its terms do not survive, but it was most likely intended to resolve tensions in the region while securing the interests of the subscribers. This alliance of three of the most powerful magnates in the kingdom aroused the suspicion of James II, however, and was the immediate cause of his slaying of Douglas on 22 February 1452. Shortly afterwards, on 18 May, Crawford was defeated by the earl of Huntly at Brechin and fled to Finavon. Although Huntly is said to have 'displayit the kingis banere', the battle may have been as much an extension of a private feud (Huntly had been involved in the hostilities at Arbroath in which Crawford's father was fatally wounded) as a consequence of James's hostility to Crawford. Crawford was forfeited in the parliament which assembled at Edinburgh on 12 June, but he subsequently reconciled his differences with Huntly and his father's foe Bishop Kennedy and, helped by their intercession on his behalf, had been restored to the king's favour by 23 May 1453, when he was made a conservator of a truce with England." [Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, citation details below]

Family/Spouse: Margaret Dunbar. Margaret (daughter of David Dunbar) was born about 1420; died between Jul 1498 and Jan 1500. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: of Cargill, Perthshire, Scotland
• Alternate death: 1470

Malcolm married Mariota Murray after 14 Jul 1445. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

In 1486 he received from his grand-nephew John, 1st Lord Drummond, a charter of the lands of Ledcrieff, and was thereafter designated of Ledcrieff.

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

2nd Earl of Argyll.

From Wikipedia (accessed 2 May 2021):

He was made Master of the Royal Household of James IV of Scotland on 24 March 1495. After a crisis of law and order in the west of Scotland, Argyll was made governor of Tarbert Castle and Baillie of Knapdale, and this was followed by an appointment as Royal Lieutenant in the former Lordship of the Isles on 22 April 1500. Argyll eventually rose to the position of Lord High Chancellor of Scotland. His "clan" was rivalled only by Clan Gordon.

The Earls of Argyll were hereditary Sheriffs of Lorne and Argyll. However, a draft record of the 1504 Parliament of Scotland records a move to request Argyll to hold his Sherriff Court at Perth, where the King and his council could more easily oversee proceedings, if the Earl was found at fault. The historian Norman Macdougall suggests this clause may have been provoked by Argyll's kinship with Torquil MacLeod and MacLean of Duart. These western chiefs supported the suppressed Lordship of the Isles.

The Earl of Argyll was killed at the Battle of Flodden on 9 September 1513, with the king and many others. He is buried at Kilmun Parish Church.

Family/Spouse: Elizabeth Stewart. Elizabeth (daughter of John Stewart and Margaret Montgomery) was born about 1470; died about 1500. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Member of the Scottish parliament in 1503 and 1525.

From The Chiefs of Colquhoun and Their Country (citation details below):

On the death of King James the Fourth at Flodden, his son and successor, King James the Fifth, being a child of little more than one year old, the Queen Mother, Margaret daughter of King Henry the Seventh of England, was declared Regent of the realm. At the same time John Duke of of Albany was summoned from France to Scotland, and chosen governor and protector of the infant Prince and kingdom, by a Convention of the Estates. During the delay of the arrival of the Duke of Albany, the Earl of Arran assumed the office of Regent. In this assumption he was supported, among others, by John third Earl of Lennox, the Master of Glencairn, and Sir John Colquhoun of Luss, whose wife was the paternal aunt of the Earl of Lennox.

Sir John Colquhoun joined these noblemen in a successful attempt to seize the castle of Dumbarton. During a stormy night in January 1514, they found their way into the castle, and expelled from it Lord Erskine, by whom it was held for the Queen Mother's party; and though the Earl of Arran was frustrated in his usurpation of the regency by the arrival of the Duke of Albany in Scotland, they continued to hold the castle of Dumbarton until it was surrendered by the Earl of Lennox, who, having fallen into the hands of his opponents, and having been imprisoned in the castle of Edinburgh, could obtain his liberation only on condition of his surrendering it.

After the departure of the Duke of Albany for France in 1524, King James the Fifth, who was then only thirteen years of age, was invested with the supreme authority, but the government was in reality in the hands of the Earls of Arran, Lennox, and Morton. A pardon was therefore now easily obtained for Sir John Colquhoun of Luss and others, who had taken part in the capture of the castle of Dumbarton. On the 11th of July 1526, a "respite was granted to Sir John Colquhon of Luce, Knight, Patrick Colquhon, John Logan of Balvey, Walter and Robert his sons, George Buchquhanan of that Ilk," and twenty-nine others, for "their tressonabill asseging, taking, and withhalding of our souerane lordis castle and fortalice of Dumbertene fra his servandis, keparis thairof" On the 16th of July following, a respite "was granted to Glencairn and others."

John married Elizabeth Stewart about 1480. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

4th Lord Erskine. De jure Earl of Mar. Killed at the battle of Flodden Field.

Robert married Isabella Campbell in 1485. Isabella (daughter of George Campbell and (Unknown) Kennedy) was born about 1469; died after 14 Dec 1518. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Living 22 Sep 1509.

Elizabeth married John Drummond before 1470. John (son of Malcolm Drummond and Mariota Murray) was born about 1446; died before 18 Dec 1519 in Drummond Castle, Perthshire, Scotland; was buried in Innerpeffray, Perthshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: of Stobhall, Perthshire, Scotland
• Alternate death: Abt 4 Aug 1518
• Alternate death: 1519, Drummond Castle, Perthshire, Scotland

Notes:

"Created first Lord Drummond 1487/8, seneschal and coroner of Strathearn, ambassador to England, supported the marriage of the Earl of Angus to Queen Margaret." [The Ancestry of Charles II, citation details below]

From the 1885-1900 Dictionary of National Biography:

He sat in parliament 6 May 1471, under the designation of dominus de Stobhall. On 20 March 1473–4 he had a charter of the offices of seneschal and coroner of the earldom of Strathearn, in which he was confirmed in the succeeding reign. In 1483 he was one of the ambassadors to treat with the English, to whom a safe-conduct was granted 29 Nov. of that year; again, on 6 Aug. 1484, to treat of the marriage of James, prince of Scotland, and Anne de la Pole, niece of Richard III. He was a commissioner for settling border differences nominated by the treaty of Nottingham, 22 Sept. 1484; his safe-conduct into England being dated on the ensuing 29 Nov. He was raised to the peerage by the title of Lord Drummond, 29 Jan. 1487–8. Soon after he joined the party against James III, and sat in the first parliament of James IV, 6 Oct. 1488. In this same year he was appointed a privy councillor and justiciary of Scotland, and was afterwards constable of the castle of Stirling. In 1489 the so-called Earl of Lennox rose in revolt against the king. He had encamped at Gartalunane, on the south bank of the Forth, in the parish of Aberfoyle, but during the darkness of the night of 11 Oct. was surprised and utterly routed by Drummond. As one of the commissioners to redress border and other grievances, Drummond had a safe-conduct into England 22 May 1495, 26 July 1511, 24 Jan. 1512–13, and 20 April 1514. In 1514 Drummond gave great offence to many of the lords by promoting the marriage of his grandson, Archibald Douglas, sixth earl of Angus, with the queen-dowager Margaret. Lyon king-at-arms (Sir William Comyn) was despatched to summon Angus before the council, when Drummond, thinking that he had approached the earl with more boldness than respect, struck him on the breast. In 1515 John, duke of Albany, was chosen regent, but because Drummond did not favour the election he committed him (16 July) a close prisoner to Blackness Castle, upon an allegation that he had used violence towards the herald. He was tried capitally, found guilty, and his estates forfeited. However, he was not long in coming to terms with Albany. With other lords he signed the answer of refusal to Henry VIII, who had advised the removal of Albany, to which his seal is affixed, 4 July 1516, and in October he announced his final separation from the queen's party. He was in consequence released from prison and freed from his forfeiture, 22 Nov. 1516.

John married Elizabeth Lindsay before 1470. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

2nd of Flaskhill and Ledcrieff. He and his brother James were both bailie-deputes to their uncle Sir Malcolm Drummond of Cargill in 1447.

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1500

Notes:

Appointed abbot of the Cistercian abbey of Coupar Angus by James V, in whose court his brother Colin Campbell was prominent, Donald Campbell travelled to England, France, and Rome as a Cistercian prelate and diplomat. At the Reformation of 1559-60, he (in the words of The Scots Peerage, citation details below), "put on secular weed" in May 1559. He sat in the Scottish parliament and the Convention of Estates; he was Keeper of the Privy Seal during the reign of Mary, Queen of Scots; and he was a senator of the College of Justice under James V.

"[A] monk of the Cistercian Order; master of arts, probably from St. Salvator's College, Univ. of St. Andrews, where "Donaldus Campbel, nationis albaniae" was admitted 1522; clerk in the Diocese of Lismore by 1525; last Abbot of Coupar Abbey, Co. Angus, 1529- 60; traveled to Rome, England and France as a Cistercian prelate and as a diplomat; one of the visitors of the Scottish universities, 1532; commissary of the chapter-general of the Scottish Cistercian houses; member of the Scots Parliament and Council of State for many years; member of the Privy Council of the Regent Arran; one of the Lords of the Articles; Senator of the College of Justice (Lord of Session); was nominated Bishop of Glasgow, 1548, Bishop of Dunkeld, 1550, and Bishop of Brechin, 1559, but each time failed to receive papal confirmation, apparently because his orthodoxy was suspect; Keeper of the Privy Seal of Scotland, 1552, 1554-62; gave Balgersho, Arthurstone, Keithick, Den-head and Croonan, lands belonging to Coupar Abbey, to his bastard sons; was reputed to be wearing "secular weed," 1559; sat in the Scottish Parliament and the Convention of Estates which established the reformed Church of Scotland, 1560; approved and signed a demand that "he incontinent re-forme his place of Cowper Putting down and birnying oppinlie all Idolis and Imagis and tubernaculis tharin destroying and putting away the altaris And that na mess be thair done heiraftir nowthir privilie nor opinly. And that the super-stitiouse habit of his monkis with their ordour ceremonis and service as you cann it be removit. And that na prayeris be usit in the kirk but in the Inglishe toung And that according to the scriptouris of God" (Scottish Historical Review 21:142) (brother of Colin Campbell, 3d Earl of Argyll (ancestor of the subsequent earls, marquesses and dukes of Argyll, down to the present); Sir John Campbell, jure uxoris of Cawdor, Co. Nairn (ancestor of the Earls Cawdor of Castlemartin, down to the present); Margaret Campbell, Lady Erskine; Isabella Campbell, Countess of Cassilis; Janet Campbell, Countess of Atholl, and Katherine Campbell, wife of Lachlan Cattanach (the Shaggy) Maclean, chief of Clan Maclean; uncle of John Erskine, 6th Lord Erskine, Ist Earl of Mar; Gilbert Kennedy, 3d Earl of Cassilis; John Stewart, 3d Earl of Atholl; Quintin Kennedy, Abbot of Crossraguel; Janet Stewart, Lady Methven, Lady Ruthven; Helen Stewart, Lady Lindsay of the Byres; Elizabeth Campbell, Countess of Moray and Sutherland; John Campbell, Bishop of the Isles; Janet Campbell, Lady Lovat, and Katherine Campbell, Countess of Crawford; great-uncle of Jean Kennedy, Countess of Orkney; Mary Stewart, Countess of Angus; John Stewart, 4th Earl of Atholl, Chancellor of Scotland; Henry Stewart, 2d Lord Methven; Dorothea Stewart, Countess of Gowrie; Eliza-beth Stewart, Countess of Moray; Margaret Stewart, Countess of Erroll; John Gordon, 10th Earl of Sutherland; Patrick Lindsay, 6th Lord Lindsay of the Byres; Hugh Fraser, 5th Lord Fraser of Lovat; James Ogilvy, 5th Lord Ogilvy of Airlie; Margaret Lindsay, Countess of Atholl; John Lindsay, 1st Lord Mennuir, Secretary of State of Scotland, Lord Privy Seal, and Elizabeth Lindsay, Lady Drummond; great-great uncle of Patrick Stewart, 2d Earl of Orkney; John Stewart, Ist Earl of Carrick; Mary Stewart, Lady Gray; Jean Stewart, Lady Lindores, Lady Melville of Raith; James Stewart, 3d Earl of Moray; Margaret Stewart, Countess of Nottingham, Viscountess Monson of Castlemaine; James Erskine, Ist Earl of Buchan; Mary. Erskine, Countess Marischal; Anna Erskine, Countess of Rothes; Margaret Erskine, Countess of Haddington; Elizabeth Stewart, Lady Fraser of Lovat, Countess of Lennox and March, Countess of Arran; Margaret Stewart, Lady Saltoun; Grizel Stewart, Countess of Crawford; Mary Stewart, Countess of Erroll; James Ruthven, 2d Earl of Gowrie; Margaret Ruthven, Countess of Montrose; Sophia Ruthven, Duchess of Lennox and Richmond; Jean Ruthven, Lady Ogilvy of Airlie; Elizabeth Ruthven, Lady Campbell of Loudoun; Sir Donald Campbell, Ist Bart. of Ardnamurchan; Margaret Ogilvy, Countess Marischal; Sir David Lindsay, Ist Lord Lindsay of Balcarres; James Stewart, 2d Earl of Atholl, 7th Lord Innermeath; Margaret Drummond, Lady Elphinstone; James Drummond, 4th Lord Drummond, Ist Earl of Perth; John Drummond, 5th Lord Drummond, 2d Earl of Perth; Lilias Drummond, Countess of Dunfermline, and Jean Drummond, Countess of Roxburghe; great-great-great uncle of Archibald Campbell, 8th Earl and 1st Marquess of Argyll, the Coven-anter, executed 1661; Anne Campbell, Marchioness of Huntly; Annabella Campbell, Countess of Lothian; Jean Campbell, Viscountess Kenmore; James Campbell, Ist Earl of Irvine; Mary Campbell, Lady Rollo; Elizabeth Erskine, Lady Napier; Mary Erskine, Lady Forbes; John Leslie, 7th Earl of Rothes; Mary Leslie, Countess of Eglinton; Margaret Leslie, Countess of Buccleuch and Wemyss; Sir Charles Howard, 3rd Earl of Nottingham, 5th Baron Howard of Effingham; William Keith, 7th Earl Marischal; Sir John Keith, Ist Earl of Kintore; Jean Keith, Lady Pitsligo; Thomas Hamilton, 3d Earl of Haddington; sir James Graham, 5th Earl and 1st Marquess of Montrose, the great commander in chief in Scotland for Charles I and II, Field Marshal of the Empire, executed 1650; Margaret Graham, Lady Napier; Beatrix Graham, Lady Madderty; Sir James Stewart, Ist Lord Ochiltree; George Abernethy, 8th Lord Saltoun; Helen Lindsay, Lady Cranstoun; James Ogilvy, Ist Earl of Airlie; George Ogilvy, Lord Ogilvy de Muirton in the imperial peerage; Alexander Lindsay, 1st Earl of Balcarres; James Stewart, 2d Earl of Atholl, 7th Lord Innermeath; Lilias Elphinstone, Lady Elphinstone; Jean Drummond, Countess of Sutherland; Sir William Drummond, 2d Earl of Roxburghe; Jean Drummond, Countess of Wigtown; Anne Seton, Viscountess Fentoun; Isabel Seton, Countess of Lauderdale; Margaret Seton, Countess of Seaforth, and Sophia Seton, Lady Lindsay of Balcarres." [Brice McAdoo Clagett, citation details below]

Family/Spouse: Margaret. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Humphrey married Helen Graham about 13 Jul 1509. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Elizabeth married James Forrester about 1510. James (son of Walter Forrester and Agnes Graham) was born before 17 Sep 1489 in of Torwood, Falkirk, Scotland; was christened on 17 Sep 1489; died between 7 Oct 1532 and 21 May 1536. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Abt 1500

Annabel married William Graham on 25 Nov 1479 in Muthill, Perthshire, Scotland. William (son of William Graham and Helen Douglas) was born between 1463 and 1464; died on 9 Sep 1513 in Flodden Field, Northumberland, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 1501

Notes:

From the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (citation details below):

Drummond, Margaret (d. 1502), royal mistress, was the eldest of the six daughters of John Drummond of Cargill, first Lord Drummond (d. 1518), and his wife, Elizabeth Lindsay. James IV may have met Margaret when he visited Drummond Castle on 25 April 1496, and she appears to have succeeded Marion Boyd as James's mistress about this time. Coupled with the growing influence of Archibald Campbell, second earl of Argyll, whose sister Isabel was Drummond's daughter-in-law, Margaret's affair with the king helped in the advancement both of her father, who held the office of justiciar from February 1495 until 1501, and of his kinsman Walter Drummond, dean of Dunblane, who became clerk register in 1497. Official acknowledgement of the relationship came on 3 June 1496, when James installed Margaret in apartments in Stirling Castle; a reference by the Spanish ambassador, Don Pedro de Ayala, to a lady being kept by the king in great state in a castle describes this arrangement.

Margaret Drummond lived at Stirling Castle under the care of its keeper, Sir John Lundy, and of his wife until 30 October 1496, when she was moved to Linlithgow, possibly to give birth to the daughter, also called Margaret, whom she bore the king. The liaison effectively ended in March 1497, when Margaret and her daughter were sent home to Drummond, but although James IV had embarked on his long-running affair with Janet Kennedy in 1498, Margaret received a crown lease for nine years of lands in the earldom of Strathearn, dated 23 January 1498, possibly at the time of her marriage—according to de Ayala she was married off after her return to Drummond, although there is no supporting evidence for this. The king certainly seems to have accepted a measure of responsibility for his erstwhile mistress, as payments to her of £21 and 41s. for her daughter's nurse were made as late as June 1502. When Margaret died, towards the end of 1502, James had their daughter Margaret brought from Drummond Castle to Stirling, where royal children were traditionally brought up, and he paid a quarterly fee until at least 1508 for two priests in Dunblane Cathedral to sing masses for Margaret Drummond.

A number of stories concerning Margaret Drummond's time as royal mistress appear in the eulogistic history of the Drummond family which William Drummond, later first viscount of Strathallan, completed in 1681. He states that the king had known Margaret since 1488 and had desired to marry her, but in 1502 some courtiers, determined to help the king to a far more advantageous marriage, and fearing that his infatuation with Margaret would prevent this, caused her and two of her sisters, with whom she happened to be dining, to be poisoned. There is no contemporary evidence for these stories, and official records attest a much briefer and less dramatic liaison than the exaggerated account presented by William Drummond.

Family/Spouse: James IV, King of Scots. James (son of James III, King of Scots and Margaret of Denmark) was born on 17 Mar 1473 in Holyrood, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland; died on 9 Sep 1513 in Flodden Field, Northumberland, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Living 21 Aug 1514.

Elizabeth married George Douglas between 20 Jul 1485 and 31 Jan 1489. George (son of Archibald Douglas and Elizabeth Boyd) was born about 1469; died on 9 Sep 1513 in Flodden Field, Northumberland, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Abt 1500

Annabel married William Graham on 25 Nov 1479 in Muthill, Perthshire, Scotland. William (son of William Graham and Helen Douglas) was born between 1463 and 1464; died on 9 Sep 1513 in Flodden Field, Northumberland, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 1501

Notes:

From the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (citation details below):

Drummond, Margaret (d. 1502), royal mistress, was the eldest of the six daughters of John Drummond of Cargill, first Lord Drummond (d. 1518), and his wife, Elizabeth Lindsay. James IV may have met Margaret when he visited Drummond Castle on 25 April 1496, and she appears to have succeeded Marion Boyd as James's mistress about this time. Coupled with the growing influence of Archibald Campbell, second earl of Argyll, whose sister Isabel was Drummond's daughter-in-law, Margaret's affair with the king helped in the advancement both of her father, who held the office of justiciar from February 1495 until 1501, and of his kinsman Walter Drummond, dean of Dunblane, who became clerk register in 1497. Official acknowledgement of the relationship came on 3 June 1496, when James installed Margaret in apartments in Stirling Castle; a reference by the Spanish ambassador, Don Pedro de Ayala, to a lady being kept by the king in great state in a castle describes this arrangement.

Margaret Drummond lived at Stirling Castle under the care of its keeper, Sir John Lundy, and of his wife until 30 October 1496, when she was moved to Linlithgow, possibly to give birth to the daughter, also called Margaret, whom she bore the king. The liaison effectively ended in March 1497, when Margaret and her daughter were sent home to Drummond, but although James IV had embarked on his long-running affair with Janet Kennedy in 1498, Margaret received a crown lease for nine years of lands in the earldom of Strathearn, dated 23 January 1498, possibly at the time of her marriage—according to de Ayala she was married off after her return to Drummond, although there is no supporting evidence for this. The king certainly seems to have accepted a measure of responsibility for his erstwhile mistress, as payments to her of £21 and 41s. for her daughter's nurse were made as late as June 1502. When Margaret died, towards the end of 1502, James had their daughter Margaret brought from Drummond Castle to Stirling, where royal children were traditionally brought up, and he paid a quarterly fee until at least 1508 for two priests in Dunblane Cathedral to sing masses for Margaret Drummond.

A number of stories concerning Margaret Drummond's time as royal mistress appear in the eulogistic history of the Drummond family which William Drummond, later first viscount of Strathallan, completed in 1681. He states that the king had known Margaret since 1488 and had desired to marry her, but in 1502 some courtiers, determined to help the king to a far more advantageous marriage, and fearing that his infatuation with Margaret would prevent this, caused her and two of her sisters, with whom she happened to be dining, to be poisoned. There is no contemporary evidence for these stories, and official records attest a much briefer and less dramatic liaison than the exaggerated account presented by William Drummond.

Family/Spouse: James IV, King of Scots. James (son of James III, King of Scots and Margaret of Denmark) was born on 17 Mar 1473 in Holyrood, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland; died on 9 Sep 1513 in Flodden Field, Northumberland, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Living 21 Aug 1514.

Elizabeth married George Douglas between 20 Jul 1485 and 31 Jan 1489. George (son of Archibald Douglas and Elizabeth Boyd) was born about 1469; died on 9 Sep 1513 in Flodden Field, Northumberland, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

3rd of Flaskhill and Ledcrieff. "He and his second son William were killed by William Chalmer of Drumlochy and an armed party, near the kirk of Blair, on Sunday, the 3d June 1554, as they were 'playan at the rowbowlis in the hie marcate gait,' near the said church. The maurauders were afterwards compelled to make submission, and to give manrents, etc., to David, Lord Drummond." [The Red Book of Menteith, citation details below]

Family/Spouse: Janet Haliburton. Janet (daughter of George Haliburton and Janet Ogston) was born in of Buttergask, Perthshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Nicoll Campbell.

"[M]aster of arts; was granted by a royal decree of 1543, entitled Literas Legitimationis Nicola Campbell, all legal and natural rights "as if said Nicholas had been born in lawful wedlock"; was probably the "Nicolaus Campbell, nobilis," from the Diocese of St. Andrews who was a candidate for the M.A. degree at the Univ. of Paris, 1552; Dean of Lismore Cathedral, c. 1564-87; lord of Keithick, Dalvany and Craignatie, Perthshire; bailie of Crunan." [Brice McAdoo Clagett, citation details below]

He lies under a monumental stone at Bendochy parish church. The inscription, translated from Latin, reads:

Under this tomb there lies
the memory of
the very former and
highly skillful man of God
Master Nicholas Campbell of Keithick
who was the grandson of the
former Earl of Argyll
through the
Venerable Father, Lord Donald Campbell,
Abbot of Cupar,
who departed this life in the
year 1587
in the year of his age 70.

Nicholas married Katherine Drummond before 1563. Katherine (daughter of George Drummond and Catherine Hay) was born in of Blair, Perthshire, Scotland; died before 1604. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Lady Aikitt, elder, sheriffdom of Ayr.

"In 1578-79, another of [the Colquhoun] clan, Helen Colquhoun, was accused of the 'treasonable administering of poysoun' to her spouse, William Cunninghame of Aiket; but the fragmentary records give us little information about these trials…" ["Poisoning in Scotland", citation details below]

The will of Helene Colquhoun, Lady Aikitt, elder, sheriffdom of Ayr, was proved in the Edinburgh commissary court on 13 Mar 1596.

The 1877 Colquhoun pedigree ("Colquhoun of Luss", citation details below) shows Helen Colquhoun, daughter of Humphrey, marrying a "James" Cunningham of Aiket; it also gives her mother's name as "Katherine", rather than Helen, a mistake that also appears in many Burke's Pedigrees products. In a pair of posts to soc.genealogy.medieval on 10 Oct 2019, John Brandon points out that the papal dispensation of 1509 clearly identifies Humphrey Colquhoun's wife as Helen. As to whether Humphrey Colquhoun's and Helen Graham's daughter Helen was indeed, the Helen who married Cunningham of Aiket, Brandon points to the marriage of Robert Graham of Knockdolian, who was known to have been involved in dealings with William and Helen (Colquhoun) Cunningham, to Christian Graham, daughter of the second William Graham, 2nd earl of Montrose — further evidence of Graham-Colquhoun prosopographical adjancency.

Helen married William Cunningham before 24 Oct 1564. William was born in of Aiket, Ayrshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married Henry Livingston between 4 Dec 1540 and 22 May 1550. Henry was born about 1495 in of Falkirk, Stirlingshire, Scotland; died between 22 Jan 1579 and 5 Nov 1581. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

She was definitely a daughter of the first earl of Montrose. The will of William Graham, who was killed at the battle of Flodden Field in 1513, acknowledges a debt to the Laird of Luss (i.e. John Colquhoun, father of Humphrey), on account of his daughter's dowry, and also the Laird of Luss younger (i.e. Humphrey).

Burke's Peerage and Burke's Landed Gentry, and thus many online sources, show William Graham's daughters Margaret, Elizabeth, and Helen, in that order, as daughters of William Graham by his second wife Janet Edmondstone.

This cannot be true of Elizabeth. The Complete Peerage 4:470 says that Walter Drummond, grandson of John Drummond and Elizabeth Lindsay, "m., in Feb. 1513/4, his cousin Elizabeth, 2nd da. of William (Graham), 1st Earl of Montrose [S.], by his first wife Annabel, 4th da. of John (Drummond), Lord Drummond abovenamed." It can be seen that if Walter Drummond and his wife Elizabeth were cousins, it would have to be the case that Elizabeth was a daughter of William Graham's first wife, Annabel Drummond.

CP says of Annabel Drummond that "[s]he was living 1492" and that her son William Graham, second earl of Montrose, was "a minor at his father's death", 9 Sep 1513, but "was served heir to him" 24 Oct 1513. The Scots Peerage narrates this latter event in a way that suggests that the younger William was still a minor on 24 Oct 1513: "William […] was under age at the death of his father, but in virtue of the Act of 24 August, was served his heir 24 October, 1513." SP goes on to emphasize and extoll his precocity: "He early displayed qualities of prudence and statesmanship which enabled him, over a long life," [etc.]. CP notes that the younger William "was present in Parl. [S.] 2 Jun 1514" and that he married his only wife, Janet Keith, in Dec 1515. All of which suggests that the second earl attained his majority no earlier than the end of 1513, which means that he has to have been born to Annabel Drummond no earlier than the end of 1492, and given that he could perfectly well have married while still a minor, plausibly as late as 1497 or 1498.

Also, according to SP, William Graham and Annabel Drummond had a second son following William: "Walter, a younger son of the first marriage, who had a tack of Little Cairnie for nineteen years from the Abbot of Inchaffray, 8 January 1541-42, and appears to have been ancestor of the second family of the Grahams of Thornick, afterwards Cairnie." If so, this moves the end of Annabel Drummond's life to no earlier than the end of 1493. And again, given that the first son could easily have been born as late as 1497-98, she was quite possibly still living in 1498-99.

The date of William Graham's marriage to Janet Edmondstone is unknown to us, but the earliest record of them as married is a charter dated 17 Mar 1505. According to CP she died between that date and 15 Apr 1506.

The papal dispensation for Helen Graham's marriage to Humphrey Colquhoun was dated 13 Jul 1509.

If Annabel Drummond died as soon as the records allow, say December 1493, and William Graham married Janet Edmondstone as soon as possible, say the first part of 1494, and Helen Graham was their first child, born say early 1495, then the papal dispensation for her marriage to Humphrey Colquhoun, dated 13 Jul 1509, was issued when she was fourteen. Which is hardly unheard-of among the aristocracy of 15th/16th century Scotland, but also adds up to a pretty tight fit.

Additional to this is the fact that William Graham and Annabel Drummond married in 1479, and yet their eldest son and heir cannot have been born earlier than late 1513. It is implausible that they spent the first dozen years of their marriage having no children. We have seen that daughter Elizabeth has to have been the issue of William and Annabel. Margaret is specified by SP as a daughter of the second marriage. Aside from the fact that this implies, in SP's usual manner of listing offspring, that the other daughters, whose mothers are not noted, were from the first marriage, it also means that Helen, Jean, and Elizabeth are the only known offspring of William Graham whose birth can be used to fill the childbearing years from 1480 to 1492. (The other legitimate child of William Graham, Patrick, is given by SP as his son by his third wife, Christian Wawane.)

Taken together, we think the evidence preponderantly suggests that Helen Graham was a daughter of William Graham's first wife, and probably, as the order of William's children in SP suggests, his eldest daughter.

Helen married Humphrey Colquhoun about 13 Jul 1509. Humphrey (son of John Colquhoun and Elizabeth Stewart) was born in of Luss, Argyll, Scotland; died in Jan 1538. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1490

Archibald married Margaret Tudor on 6 Aug 1514 in Kinnoull, near Perth, Perthshire, Scotland. Margaret (daughter of Henry VII, King of England and lord of Ireland and Elizabeth of York, Queen Consort of England) was born on 28 Nov 1489 in Westminster Palace, Middlesex, England; died on 18 Oct 1541 in Methven Castle, Perthshire, Scotland; was buried in Perth, Perthshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

She was definitely a daughter of the first earl of Montrose. The will of William Graham, who was killed at the battle of Flodden Field in 1513, acknowledges a debt to the Laird of Luss (i.e. John Colquhoun, father of Humphrey), on account of his daughter's dowry, and also the Laird of Luss younger (i.e. Humphrey).

Burke's Peerage and Burke's Landed Gentry, and thus many online sources, show William Graham's daughters Margaret, Elizabeth, and Helen, in that order, as daughters of William Graham by his second wife Janet Edmondstone.

This cannot be true of Elizabeth. The Complete Peerage 4:470 says that Walter Drummond, grandson of John Drummond and Elizabeth Lindsay, "m., in Feb. 1513/4, his cousin Elizabeth, 2nd da. of William (Graham), 1st Earl of Montrose [S.], by his first wife Annabel, 4th da. of John (Drummond), Lord Drummond abovenamed." It can be seen that if Walter Drummond and his wife Elizabeth were cousins, it would have to be the case that Elizabeth was a daughter of William Graham's first wife, Annabel Drummond.

CP says of Annabel Drummond that "[s]he was living 1492" and that her son William Graham, second earl of Montrose, was "a minor at his father's death", 9 Sep 1513, but "was served heir to him" 24 Oct 1513. The Scots Peerage narrates this latter event in a way that suggests that the younger William was still a minor on 24 Oct 1513: "William […] was under age at the death of his father, but in virtue of the Act of 24 August, was served his heir 24 October, 1513." SP goes on to emphasize and extoll his precocity: "He early displayed qualities of prudence and statesmanship which enabled him, over a long life," [etc.]. CP notes that the younger William "was present in Parl. [S.] 2 Jun 1514" and that he married his only wife, Janet Keith, in Dec 1515. All of which suggests that the second earl attained his majority no earlier than the end of 1513, which means that he has to have been born to Annabel Drummond no earlier than the end of 1492, and given that he could perfectly well have married while still a minor, plausibly as late as 1497 or 1498.

Also, according to SP, William Graham and Annabel Drummond had a second son following William: "Walter, a younger son of the first marriage, who had a tack of Little Cairnie for nineteen years from the Abbot of Inchaffray, 8 January 1541-42, and appears to have been ancestor of the second family of the Grahams of Thornick, afterwards Cairnie." If so, this moves the end of Annabel Drummond's life to no earlier than the end of 1493. And again, given that the first son could easily have been born as late as 1497-98, she was quite possibly still living in 1498-99.

The date of William Graham's marriage to Janet Edmondstone is unknown to us, but the earliest record of them as married is a charter dated 17 Mar 1505. According to CP she died between that date and 15 Apr 1506.

The papal dispensation for Helen Graham's marriage to Humphrey Colquhoun was dated 13 Jul 1509.

If Annabel Drummond died as soon as the records allow, say December 1493, and William Graham married Janet Edmondstone as soon as possible, say the first part of 1494, and Helen Graham was their first child, born say early 1495, then the papal dispensation for her marriage to Humphrey Colquhoun, dated 13 Jul 1509, was issued when she was fourteen. Which is hardly unheard-of among the aristocracy of 15th/16th century Scotland, but also adds up to a pretty tight fit.

Additional to this is the fact that William Graham and Annabel Drummond married in 1479, and yet their eldest son and heir cannot have been born earlier than late 1513. It is implausible that they spent the first dozen years of their marriage having no children. We have seen that daughter Elizabeth has to have been the issue of William and Annabel. Margaret is specified by SP as a daughter of the second marriage. Aside from the fact that this implies, in SP's usual manner of listing offspring, that the other daughters, whose mothers are not noted, were from the first marriage, it also means that Helen, Jean, and Elizabeth are the only known offspring of William Graham whose birth can be used to fill the childbearing years from 1480 to 1492. (The other legitimate child of William Graham, Patrick, is given by SP as his son by his third wife, Christian Wawane.)

Taken together, we think the evidence preponderantly suggests that Helen Graham was a daughter of William Graham's first wife, and probably, as the order of William's children in SP suggests, his eldest daughter.

Helen married Humphrey Colquhoun about 13 Jul 1509. Humphrey (son of John Colquhoun and Elizabeth Stewart) was born in of Luss, Argyll, Scotland; died in Jan 1538. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1490

Archibald married Margaret Tudor on 6 Aug 1514 in Kinnoull, near Perth, Perthshire, Scotland. Margaret (daughter of Henry VII, King of England and lord of Ireland and Elizabeth of York, Queen Consort of England) was born on 28 Nov 1489 in Westminster Palace, Middlesex, England; died on 18 Oct 1541 in Methven Castle, Perthshire, Scotland; was buried in Perth, Perthshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: of Flaskhill and Ledcrieff, Perth and Kinross, Scotland
• Alternate death: Abt 1595

Notes:

1st Lord Blair. 4th of Flaskhill and Ledcrieff. Captain of Tantallon Castle. He was a deputy sheriff to John, Earl of Athole, in 1566 when John was Sheriff of Perth.

Family/Spouse: Catherine Hay. Catherine (daughter of Peter Hay and Margaret Crichton) was born in of Megginch, Perth and Kinross, Scotland; died after 1612. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1572
• Alternate death: Abt 1632

Margaret married Alexander McGruder before 26 May 1605. Alexander was born about 1569 in Craigneich, Muthill Parish, Perthshire, Scotland; died before 1 May 1617. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

"Marion Cunningham, Lady Bar, died at her home in Ayr in January 1623. She was the daughter of William Cunningham of Aiket and Helen Colquhoun, daughter of a Highland chief. […] She grew up in an age of aggression in northern Ayrshire, the time of the great feud betewen the Montgomery Earl of Eglinton and the Cunningham Earl of Glencairn which lasted over seventy years in the sixteenth century." [Ayr and Its People, citation details below]

Marion married John Lockhart in 1595 in Stewarton, Ayrshire, Scotland. John (son of Alexander Lockhart and Margaret Kennedy) died in 1614. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Abt 24 Jun 1624
• Alternate death: Bef 26 Aug 1624
• Alternate death: Abt 26 Aug 1624

Notes:

M.A. St. Andrews, 1583. Inaugurated 15 Oct 1587 minister of St. Ninian's, Stirlingshire. Elected 7 Apr 1607 Moderator of the Synod of Perth.

On 9 Apr 1588 he was ordered by the Synod of Stirling and Dunblane to defend his baptism of John Murray of Touchadam's illegitimate child before Murray had performed the required public penitence. The Rev. Livingston appeared along Duncan Narne of Lokishill and together they explained that Livingston had baptized the baby out of fear of Murray's retaliation. Being a minister in sixteenth-century Scotland had its dangers, as indicated here and in the following:

"On 26 March 1595, Mr Henry reported the promising results of his intermediation in a blood feud between the Sinclairs and the Stirlings of Keir. When M^r Henry was elected Moderator of the Synod of Perth against the wishes of James VI/I, the king's agent Sir David Murray, Lord Scone, later Viscount Henry Stormont, violently disrupted M^r Henry's service. For his disobedience, the Privy Council placed M^r Henry under house arrest in Stirling. [...] M^r Henry continued to disobey the king, signing the Protestation for the Liberties of the Kirk on 27 June 1617." [Adrian Benjamin Burke, citation details below]

Henry married Agnes Gray about 1584. Agnes (daughter of Alexander Gray and Helen Little) was born about 1563; died after 4 Feb 1591 in Stirling, Stirlingshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Lady Aikitt, elder, sheriffdom of Ayr.

"In 1578-79, another of [the Colquhoun] clan, Helen Colquhoun, was accused of the 'treasonable administering of poysoun' to her spouse, William Cunninghame of Aiket; but the fragmentary records give us little information about these trials…" ["Poisoning in Scotland", citation details below]

The will of Helene Colquhoun, Lady Aikitt, elder, sheriffdom of Ayr, was proved in the Edinburgh commissary court on 13 Mar 1596.

The 1877 Colquhoun pedigree ("Colquhoun of Luss", citation details below) shows Helen Colquhoun, daughter of Humphrey, marrying a "James" Cunningham of Aiket; it also gives her mother's name as "Katherine", rather than Helen, a mistake that also appears in many Burke's Pedigrees products. In a pair of posts to soc.genealogy.medieval on 10 Oct 2019, John Brandon points out that the papal dispensation of 1509 clearly identifies Humphrey Colquhoun's wife as Helen. As to whether Humphrey Colquhoun's and Helen Graham's daughter Helen was indeed, the Helen who married Cunningham of Aiket, Brandon points to the marriage of Robert Graham of Knockdolian, who was known to have been involved in dealings with William and Helen (Colquhoun) Cunningham, to Christian Graham, daughter of the second William Graham, 2nd earl of Montrose — further evidence of Graham-Colquhoun prosopographical adjancency.

Helen married William Cunningham before 24 Oct 1564. William was born in of Aiket, Ayrshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married Matthew Stewart on 29 Jun 1544 in St. James Palace, London, England. Matthew (son of John Stewart and Elizabeth Stewart) was born on 21 Sep 1516 in Dunbarton Castle, Dunbartonshire, Scotland; died on 4 Sep 1571 in Stirling Castle, Stirlingshire, Scotland; was buried in Chapel Royal, Stirlingshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Lady Aikitt, elder, sheriffdom of Ayr.

"In 1578-79, another of [the Colquhoun] clan, Helen Colquhoun, was accused of the 'treasonable administering of poysoun' to her spouse, William Cunninghame of Aiket; but the fragmentary records give us little information about these trials…" ["Poisoning in Scotland", citation details below]

The will of Helene Colquhoun, Lady Aikitt, elder, sheriffdom of Ayr, was proved in the Edinburgh commissary court on 13 Mar 1596.

The 1877 Colquhoun pedigree ("Colquhoun of Luss", citation details below) shows Helen Colquhoun, daughter of Humphrey, marrying a "James" Cunningham of Aiket; it also gives her mother's name as "Katherine", rather than Helen, a mistake that also appears in many Burke's Pedigrees products. In a pair of posts to soc.genealogy.medieval on 10 Oct 2019, John Brandon points out that the papal dispensation of 1509 clearly identifies Humphrey Colquhoun's wife as Helen. As to whether Humphrey Colquhoun's and Helen Graham's daughter Helen was indeed, the Helen who married Cunningham of Aiket, Brandon points to the marriage of Robert Graham of Knockdolian, who was known to have been involved in dealings with William and Helen (Colquhoun) Cunningham, to Christian Graham, daughter of the second William Graham, 2nd earl of Montrose — further evidence of Graham-Colquhoun prosopographical adjancency.

Helen married William Cunningham before 24 Oct 1564. William was born in of Aiket, Ayrshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married Matthew Stewart on 29 Jun 1544 in St. James Palace, London, England. Matthew (son of John Stewart and Elizabeth Stewart) was born on 21 Sep 1516 in Dunbarton Castle, Dunbartonshire, Scotland; died on 4 Sep 1571 in Stirling Castle, Stirlingshire, Scotland; was buried in Chapel Royal, Stirlingshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Katherine married Nicholas Campbell before 1563. Nicholas (son of Donald Campbell, Abbot of Coupar Angus and Margaret) was born in 1517; died in 1587; was buried in Bendochy, Perthshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1610, of Glenartney, Perthshire, Scotland
• Alternate birth: 1610, of Prince George's County, Maryland

Notes:

"[W]as fined with others for illegally carrying arms and shooting deer and wildfowl near Cargill, Cargill, 1622 (Registry of the Privy Council 13:101-03); probably acted as factor or chamberlain for Lord Maderty in Dunblane parish, Strathallan; was probably the "Allastar Mcgruger" who served in Col. Sir Thomas Ruthven's reg. of the Army of the League and Covenant in England, 1645/6; is believed to have been captured serving in the Scottish army in the civil wars, perhaps at the Battle of Worcester, 1651, and to have been sent to America as a prisoner; settler in Md. by 1653; of Turkey Buzzard Island, Calvert Co., and "Anchovie Hills," Calvert Co. (now Prince George's, near the present Baden), Md.; held about 3,750 acres in Prince George's Co. (brother of James McGruder, lord of Cargill, Perthshire, chamberlain to the Earl of Perth, member of a committee appointed by the Scots Parliament to expel Cromwell's army, 1649)." [Brice McAdoo Clagett, citation details below]

Ancestor of Confederate generals James Longstreet, William Beall, John Bankhead Magruder, and Stephen Drane; also of Asa Griggs Chandler, founder of the Coca-Cola company and principal founder of Emery University.

One of JMF's two gateway ancestors, but fittingly, given JMF's delight in ambiguity and historical contingency, his status as a "gateway ancestor" is controversial. In 2015, the lineage society the Order of the Crown of Charlemagne announced that Margaret Campbell was not his mother and therefore his descendants no longer qualified for membership, but (to the best of our knowledge, and that of historian Susan Tichy), no evidence for this was put forth.

It is certainly true that the evidence for the Maryland immigrant being the Alexander who was second son of Alexander McGruder and Margaret Campbell is circumstantial. In our view, it passes the test of being strong enough circumstantial evidence to warrant recording what appears to be the probable line.

From Susan Tichy, "Was Alexander Who We Think He Was?":

But how do we know he was the second son of these parents?

We don’t, not absolutely. We believe it on the basis of two pieces of evidence.

1) In Maryland, Alexander named three of his plantations for Dunblane (a cathedral town in Perthshire), Craigneich (the farm where Alexander Magruder the elder was born), and Inchaffray (an abbey and estate near Maderty, where Alexander the elder was chamberlain--corrupted in Maryland to Anchovie Hills). Craigneich is especially convincing because it was (and is) a private farm, not a large estate. It is unlikely a man without intimate connections there would have bestowed this name on a Maryland farm, and few would have had such connections.

Alexander named no plantations for Balmaclone (or Belliclone) where he is believed to have been born. That was a Drummond farm, to which his mother had a lifetime right as widow of her first husband, Andrew Drummond. Craigneich was a McGruder farm and had been for several generations. Alexander was seven or eight years old when his father died and his mother remarried, at which point he probably would have been sent to live at Craigneich to be raised by his father’s family.

2) The Records of the Privy Council (vol. viii, pp 101-102) show that on 22 November, 1622, one “Alexander McA Growder,” twelve years old, was fined for illegally carrying arms and shooting deer and wildfowl with some other boys at Spittalsfield, Caputh Parish, near Cargill, about six miles from Dunkeld.

This provides a birth date of ~1610, which places him after James, the known eldest son of Alexander Magruder and Margaret Campbell. This family–and James especially–also show strong association with Cargill. Later in his life, James Magruder is identified as being either in Cargill, indicating he lived there, or of Cargill, indicating he owned land there. In one record he is designated Laird of Cargill, which, if accurate, indicates a significant elevation in status.

And that’s it. That’s our positive evidence.

What we might call negative evidence boils down to the simple fact that no other candidate can be found in the records. McGruders / MacGrouthers were few in number, so other choices for where to locate Alexander among known families would be slim. In 1620, John McGrouther (brother of Alexander the elder) purchased land in Meigor, in Glen Artney, thus making the rare step from tenant to landowner. His descendants owned this farm until the 19th century when the line died out. Because of land ownership, there are more records for that family than for any other. Among them there is no Alexander who could be our immigrant, nor is there a Maryland plantation called Meigor.

Don McGruther has found a few McGruthers, MacCrouthers, and other variations of the name, scattered through the southern Highlands, Edinburgh, and as far as Ireland, but it seems far-fetched to imagine that Alexander came from one of those families. His strong attachment to Perthshire, in particular to Inchaffray and Craigneich, establishes his origins in the McGrouther heartland.

From Susan Tichy, "Alexander Magruder, The Immigrant":

[Alexander Magruder] was the first of his name in America. Born about 1610 at the small estate of Belliclone (now Nether Belliclone farm) in Madderty Parish, Perthshire, in Scotland’s Central Highlands, Alexander was the son of Alexander McGruder, the elder, and Margaret Campbell of Keithick. He is believed to have arrived in Maryland in January 1652 as a prisoner of war, having been captured during Cromwell’s invasion of Scotland late in the civil wars that attended the Protestant Reformation. Upon arrival, Alexander was sold into indentured servitude. In the disease-ridden Chesapeake, half of all indentured servants died within a year. Those who survived their term--most commonly five years--received their freedom and a “headright” to 50 acres of unimproved land--which they first had to find, then pay a surveyor and, for a fee, register their ownership. Alexander received his first of two headrights in November 1653, indicating that he served a remarkably short indenture. He went on to be one of the largest landowners among formerly indentured men of his generation. Historian Russell R. Menard, who studied men who arrived as indentured servants from 1648-1652, identifies him as one of only three who owned more than 1,000 acres when they died.

Alexander married Sarah before 1663. Sarah died between 1671 and 1672. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Janet married John Cunningham before 8 Jan 1634. John (son of William Cunningham and Agnes Cunningham) died before 17 Apr 1672. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1587, Stirling, Stirlingshire, Scotland
• Alternate death: Aft 16 Aug 1633

Helen married Rev. James Duncanson before 12 Oct 1610. James (son of Rev. John Duncanson and Jonet Watson) was born about 1564; died on 11 Jul 1624 in Alloa, Clackmannanshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

"Marion Cunningham, Lady Bar, died at her home in Ayr in January 1623. She was the daughter of William Cunningham of Aiket and Helen Colquhoun, daughter of a Highland chief. […] She grew up in an age of aggression in northern Ayrshire, the time of the great feud betewen the Montgomery Earl of Eglinton and the Cunningham Earl of Glencairn which lasted over seventy years in the sixteenth century." [Ayr and Its People, citation details below]

Marion married John Lockhart in 1595 in Stewarton, Ayrshire, Scotland. John (son of Alexander Lockhart and Margaret Kennedy) died in 1614. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Earl of Lennox.

Family/Spouse: Elizabeth Cavendish. Elizabeth (daughter of William Cavendish and Elizabeth Hardwick) died in 1582. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Lord Darnley, Duke of Albany, Earl of Ross.

Henry married Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots on 29 Jul 1565 in Holyrood Chapel, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. Mary (daughter of James V, King of Scots and Mary of Guise) was born on 8 Dec 1542 in Linlithgow, West Lothian, Scotland; died on 8 Feb 1587 in Fotheringay, Northamptonshire, England; was buried in Westminster Abbey, Westminster, Middlesex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

"Marion Cunningham, Lady Bar, died at her home in Ayr in January 1623. She was the daughter of William Cunningham of Aiket and Helen Colquhoun, daughter of a Highland chief. […] She grew up in an age of aggression in northern Ayrshire, the time of the great feud betewen the Montgomery Earl of Eglinton and the Cunningham Earl of Glencairn which lasted over seventy years in the sixteenth century." [Ayr and Its People, citation details below]

Marion married John Lockhart in 1595 in Stewarton, Ayrshire, Scotland. John (son of Alexander Lockhart and Margaret Kennedy) died in 1614. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Earl of Lennox.

Family/Spouse: Elizabeth Cavendish. Elizabeth (daughter of William Cavendish and Elizabeth Hardwick) died in 1582. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Lord Darnley, Duke of Albany, Earl of Ross.

Henry married Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots on 29 Jul 1565 in Holyrood Chapel, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. Mary (daughter of James V, King of Scots and Mary of Guise) was born on 8 Dec 1542 in Linlithgow, West Lothian, Scotland; died on 8 Feb 1587 in Fotheringay, Northamptonshire, England; was buried in Westminster Abbey, Westminster, Middlesex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1572
• Alternate death: Abt 1632

Margaret married Alexander McGruder before 26 May 1605. Alexander was born about 1569 in Craigneich, Muthill Parish, Perthshire, Scotland; died before 1 May 1617. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Member of the Maryland assembly. One of the first justices of Prince George's County. One of the first vestrymen of St. Paul parish.

Family/Spouse: Sarah. Sarah died between 16 Jan 1731 and 28 Sep 1734 in of Prince George's County, Maryland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married Alexander Lockhart before 17 Apr 1672. Alexander died before 11 Apr 1684; was buried on 11 Apr 1684 in Greyfriars Burying Ground, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Michael Wallace. Michael died in Ramelton, Donegal, Ireland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Mary; Maria; Marritje Lamberts; Marritje Donckes. Remington (citation details below) calls her "possibly" a daughter of James Duncanson and Helen Livingston, and only "possibly" the second wife of Pieter Loockermans, but subsequent research appears to have solidified the likelihood of both connections.

Marritje married Pieter Jansen Loockermans about 1650 in New Netherland. Pieter was born on 5 Oct 1614 in Turnhout, Netherlands; died after 2 Jul 1674. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Janet married John Cunningham before 8 Jan 1634. John (son of William Cunningham and Agnes Cunningham) died before 17 Apr 1672. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

James married Anne of Denmark, Queen Consort of Scotland; Queen Consort of England and Ireland on 23 Nov 1589 in Oslo, Norway. Anne (daughter of Frederik II, King of Denmark and Norway and Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow) was born on 12 Oct 1574 in Skanderborg Castle, Skanderborg, Denmark; died on 2 Mar 1619 in Hampton Court Palace, Richmond upon Thames, London, England; was buried in Westminster Abbey, Westminster, Middlesex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Janet married John Cunningham before 8 Jan 1634. John (son of William Cunningham and Agnes Cunningham) died before 17 Apr 1672. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

James married Anne of Denmark, Queen Consort of Scotland; Queen Consort of England and Ireland on 23 Nov 1589 in Oslo, Norway. Anne (daughter of Frederik II, King of Denmark and Norway and Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow) was born on 12 Oct 1574 in Skanderborg Castle, Skanderborg, Denmark; died on 2 Mar 1619 in Hampton Court Palace, Richmond upon Thames, London, England; was buried in Westminster Abbey, Westminster, Middlesex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1610, of Glenartney, Perthshire, Scotland
• Alternate birth: 1610, of Prince George's County, Maryland

Notes:

"[W]as fined with others for illegally carrying arms and shooting deer and wildfowl near Cargill, Cargill, 1622 (Registry of the Privy Council 13:101-03); probably acted as factor or chamberlain for Lord Maderty in Dunblane parish, Strathallan; was probably the "Allastar Mcgruger" who served in Col. Sir Thomas Ruthven's reg. of the Army of the League and Covenant in England, 1645/6; is believed to have been captured serving in the Scottish army in the civil wars, perhaps at the Battle of Worcester, 1651, and to have been sent to America as a prisoner; settler in Md. by 1653; of Turkey Buzzard Island, Calvert Co., and "Anchovie Hills," Calvert Co. (now Prince George's, near the present Baden), Md.; held about 3,750 acres in Prince George's Co. (brother of James McGruder, lord of Cargill, Perthshire, chamberlain to the Earl of Perth, member of a committee appointed by the Scots Parliament to expel Cromwell's army, 1649)." [Brice McAdoo Clagett, citation details below]

Ancestor of Confederate generals James Longstreet, William Beall, John Bankhead Magruder, and Stephen Drane; also of Asa Griggs Chandler, founder of the Coca-Cola company and principal founder of Emery University.

One of JMF's two gateway ancestors, but fittingly, given JMF's delight in ambiguity and historical contingency, his status as a "gateway ancestor" is controversial. In 2015, the lineage society the Order of the Crown of Charlemagne announced that Margaret Campbell was not his mother and therefore his descendants no longer qualified for membership, but (to the best of our knowledge, and that of historian Susan Tichy), no evidence for this was put forth.

It is certainly true that the evidence for the Maryland immigrant being the Alexander who was second son of Alexander McGruder and Margaret Campbell is circumstantial. In our view, it passes the test of being strong enough circumstantial evidence to warrant recording what appears to be the probable line.

From Susan Tichy, "Was Alexander Who We Think He Was?":

But how do we know he was the second son of these parents?

We don’t, not absolutely. We believe it on the basis of two pieces of evidence.

1) In Maryland, Alexander named three of his plantations for Dunblane (a cathedral town in Perthshire), Craigneich (the farm where Alexander Magruder the elder was born), and Inchaffray (an abbey and estate near Maderty, where Alexander the elder was chamberlain--corrupted in Maryland to Anchovie Hills). Craigneich is especially convincing because it was (and is) a private farm, not a large estate. It is unlikely a man without intimate connections there would have bestowed this name on a Maryland farm, and few would have had such connections.

Alexander named no plantations for Balmaclone (or Belliclone) where he is believed to have been born. That was a Drummond farm, to which his mother had a lifetime right as widow of her first husband, Andrew Drummond. Craigneich was a McGruder farm and had been for several generations. Alexander was seven or eight years old when his father died and his mother remarried, at which point he probably would have been sent to live at Craigneich to be raised by his father’s family.

2) The Records of the Privy Council (vol. viii, pp 101-102) show that on 22 November, 1622, one “Alexander McA Growder,” twelve years old, was fined for illegally carrying arms and shooting deer and wildfowl with some other boys at Spittalsfield, Caputh Parish, near Cargill, about six miles from Dunkeld.

This provides a birth date of ~1610, which places him after James, the known eldest son of Alexander Magruder and Margaret Campbell. This family–and James especially–also show strong association with Cargill. Later in his life, James Magruder is identified as being either in Cargill, indicating he lived there, or of Cargill, indicating he owned land there. In one record he is designated Laird of Cargill, which, if accurate, indicates a significant elevation in status.

And that’s it. That’s our positive evidence.

What we might call negative evidence boils down to the simple fact that no other candidate can be found in the records. McGruders / MacGrouthers were few in number, so other choices for where to locate Alexander among known families would be slim. In 1620, John McGrouther (brother of Alexander the elder) purchased land in Meigor, in Glen Artney, thus making the rare step from tenant to landowner. His descendants owned this farm until the 19th century when the line died out. Because of land ownership, there are more records for that family than for any other. Among them there is no Alexander who could be our immigrant, nor is there a Maryland plantation called Meigor.

Don McGruther has found a few McGruthers, MacCrouthers, and other variations of the name, scattered through the southern Highlands, Edinburgh, and as far as Ireland, but it seems far-fetched to imagine that Alexander came from one of those families. His strong attachment to Perthshire, in particular to Inchaffray and Craigneich, establishes his origins in the McGrouther heartland.

From Susan Tichy, "Alexander Magruder, The Immigrant":

[Alexander Magruder] was the first of his name in America. Born about 1610 at the small estate of Belliclone (now Nether Belliclone farm) in Madderty Parish, Perthshire, in Scotland’s Central Highlands, Alexander was the son of Alexander McGruder, the elder, and Margaret Campbell of Keithick. He is believed to have arrived in Maryland in January 1652 as a prisoner of war, having been captured during Cromwell’s invasion of Scotland late in the civil wars that attended the Protestant Reformation. Upon arrival, Alexander was sold into indentured servitude. In the disease-ridden Chesapeake, half of all indentured servants died within a year. Those who survived their term--most commonly five years--received their freedom and a “headright” to 50 acres of unimproved land--which they first had to find, then pay a surveyor and, for a fee, register their ownership. Alexander received his first of two headrights in November 1653, indicating that he served a remarkably short indenture. He went on to be one of the largest landowners among formerly indentured men of his generation. Historian Russell R. Menard, who studied men who arrived as indentured servants from 1648-1652, identifies him as one of only three who owned more than 1,000 acres when they died.

Alexander married Sarah before 1663. Sarah died between 1671 and 1672. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1688
• Alternate death: 1753, Prince George's County, Maryland

Family/Spouse: Elizabeth Brewer. Elizabeth (daughter of John Brewer and Sarah Ridgely) was born on 25 Oct 1690 in Anne Arundel County, Maryland; died before 1751. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

From research published in recent years on soc.genealogy.medieval, Margaret Wallace would appear to be, like her husband the Rev. Thomas Craighead, a "gateway ancestor" for TWK.

Jan Wolfe, post to soc.genealogy.medieval, 4 Oct 2019:

Ed Craighead obtained digital images of the court documents in the dispute between Thomas Craighead and Margaret Cunningham (see 1693/94 item in the "Chronicle" for Thomas Craighead and Margaret Wallace on my website, http://www-personal.umich.edu/~bobwolfe/gen/mn/m11456x11467.htm). When Ed requested the documents from the National Archives of Scotland, they were found to be in need of restoration and preservation and that work was completed before the images were provided to Ed.

The information on my website about the parents of Margaret Wallace is from the documents in the Craighead-Cunningham dispute. With these documents, Ed Craighead has positively identified Margaret's father as Michael Wallace of Ramelton/Rathmelton in co. Donegal, Ireland, and her mother as Michael's relict Barbara Cunningham who was age sixty on 22 February 1694 when she made a deposition in the case. Further, the documents indicate that Barbara was the sister of Margaret Cunningham who was the relict of Alexander Lockhart, writer in Edinburgh, one of the under clerks of sessions. The contract of marriage in which Margaret Cunningham had agreed to pay Thomas Craighead double what she gave to any other nephew or niece was signed on June 20, 1688, and registered in 1691. John Wallace, apothecary and burgess in Edinburgh and brother of Margaret Wallace, had received 3000 Merks from Margaret Cunningham, but there was a dispute about whether that payment was a gift to him as her nephew or for another matter. At the time of the court proceedings which started in December 1693, Master Thomas Craighead was an Alchemist in Edinburgh. One of the witnesses in the case was a John Cunningham younger writer to ye majesty's signet.

"ravinmaven", post to soc.genealogy.medieval, 7 Oct 2019:

The two documents that make us think John Cunningham and Janet Lockhart [of Dalkeith / Dankeith] are the parents of Margaret and Barbara:

Repository: National Records of Scotland
Reference: GD3/1/9/20/8
Title: Disposition and assignation by Alexander Lockhart in favour of Margaret Cunninghame
Dates: 17 Apr 1672
Access status: Open
Location: Off site
Description: Disposition and assignation by Alexander Lockhart in favour of Margaret Cunninghame, his spouse, (lawful daughter to unquhile John Cunninghame, procreat between him and unquhile Janet Lockhart) and the heirs to be procreat between them which failing Margaret, her own nearest and lawful heirs and assignees whomsoever of the foresaid lands reserving his own liferent
Dated at Wrightshouses near the burgh of Edinburgh
Level: Item
Previous numbers: GD3/1/3321

+ + + + + + + +

Repository: National Records of Scotland
Reference: GD149/149
Title: Charter de me by John Conyngham, younger of Dankeithe, and Janet Lockhart, his spouse, to Sir William Conynghame of Caprintoune and Isobel Hamilton, his spouse, of the half merk land of Hoilhous in parish of Symontoune and bailiary of Kylstewart
Dates: 8 Jan 1634
Access status: Open
Location: Off site
Level: File

Family/Spouse: Rev. Thomas Craighead. Thomas (son of Rev. Robert Craighead and Agnes Heart) was born about 1670 in Donoughmore, Donegal, Ireland; died in Apr 1739 in Newville, Cumberland, Pennsyvania. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1663
• Alternate birth: Abt 1664
• Alternate death: Jul 1742, Albany, Albany, New York
• Alternate death: 1756, Albany, Albany, New York

Annatie married Adam Winne on 8 Aug 1683 in Albany, Albany, New York. Adam (son of Pieter Winne and Tannatje Adams) was born about 1663 in of Albany, Albany, New York; died about 1691. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Annatie married Jacob Teunise Van Woert on 18 Oct 1691 in Albany, Albany, New York. Jacob (son of Teunis Jacobsz and Sara Denys) was born about 1660; died before 18 Jul 1730 in Albany, Albany, New York; was buried on 18 Jul 1730 in Albany, Albany, New York. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married Alexander Lockhart before 17 Apr 1672. Alexander died before 11 Apr 1684; was buried on 11 Apr 1684 in Greyfriars Burying Ground, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Michael Wallace. Michael died in Ramelton, Donegal, Ireland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Charles married Henrietta Maria of France, Queen Consort of England on 13 Jun 1625 in Canterbury, Kent, England. Henrietta (daughter of Henri IV, King of France and Navarre and Maria de' Medici) was born on 26 Nov 1609 in Louvre, Paris, France; died on 31 Aug 1669 in Château de Colombes, Colombes, France; was buried in St.-Denis, Paris, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married Alexander Lockhart before 17 Apr 1672. Alexander died before 11 Apr 1684; was buried on 11 Apr 1684 in Greyfriars Burying Ground, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Michael Wallace. Michael died in Ramelton, Donegal, Ireland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Charles married Henrietta Maria of France, Queen Consort of England on 13 Jun 1625 in Canterbury, Kent, England. Henrietta (daughter of Henri IV, King of France and Navarre and Maria de' Medici) was born on 26 Nov 1609 in Louvre, Paris, France; died on 31 Aug 1669 in Château de Colombes, Colombes, France; was buried in St.-Denis, Paris, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Member of the Maryland assembly. One of the first justices of Prince George's County. One of the first vestrymen of St. Paul parish.

Family/Spouse: Sarah. Sarah died between 16 Jan 1731 and 28 Sep 1734 in of Prince George's County, Maryland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Margaret Jackson. Margaret (daughter of John Jackson and Ruth Beall) was born in 1711; died in 1801. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Thomas married Margaret Brownnear Boston, Suffolk, Massachusetts. Margaret (daughter of George Brown and Margaret Macky) was born in 1702 in Ireland; died on 13 Sep 1765; was buried in White Clay Creek, New Castle, Delaware. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Cathlina.

Catelyntje married Cristoffel Yates on 12 Jul 1706 in Albany, Albany, New York. Cristoffel (son of Joseph Yates and Huybertsie Marselis Van Bommel) was born on 16 Apr 1684 in Albany, Albany, New York; died before 26 Feb 1754; was buried on 26 Feb 1754 in Albany, Albany, New York. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Jacob married Hendrikje Oothout on 17 Oct 1723 in Reformed Dutch Church, Albany, Albany, New York. Hendrikje (daughter of Johannes Oothout and Aaltje Evertsz) was born before 5 Jan 1707; was christened on 5 Jan 1707 in Albany, Albany, New York. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

From research published in recent years on soc.genealogy.medieval, Margaret Wallace would appear to be, like her husband the Rev. Thomas Craighead, a "gateway ancestor" for TWK.

Jan Wolfe, post to soc.genealogy.medieval, 4 Oct 2019:

Ed Craighead obtained digital images of the court documents in the dispute between Thomas Craighead and Margaret Cunningham (see 1693/94 item in the "Chronicle" for Thomas Craighead and Margaret Wallace on my website, http://www-personal.umich.edu/~bobwolfe/gen/mn/m11456x11467.htm). When Ed requested the documents from the National Archives of Scotland, they were found to be in need of restoration and preservation and that work was completed before the images were provided to Ed.

The information on my website about the parents of Margaret Wallace is from the documents in the Craighead-Cunningham dispute. With these documents, Ed Craighead has positively identified Margaret's father as Michael Wallace of Ramelton/Rathmelton in co. Donegal, Ireland, and her mother as Michael's relict Barbara Cunningham who was age sixty on 22 February 1694 when she made a deposition in the case. Further, the documents indicate that Barbara was the sister of Margaret Cunningham who was the relict of Alexander Lockhart, writer in Edinburgh, one of the under clerks of sessions. The contract of marriage in which Margaret Cunningham had agreed to pay Thomas Craighead double what she gave to any other nephew or niece was signed on June 20, 1688, and registered in 1691. John Wallace, apothecary and burgess in Edinburgh and brother of Margaret Wallace, had received 3000 Merks from Margaret Cunningham, but there was a dispute about whether that payment was a gift to him as her nephew or for another matter. At the time of the court proceedings which started in December 1693, Master Thomas Craighead was an Alchemist in Edinburgh. One of the witnesses in the case was a John Cunningham younger writer to ye majesty's signet.

"ravinmaven", post to soc.genealogy.medieval, 7 Oct 2019:

The two documents that make us think John Cunningham and Janet Lockhart [of Dalkeith / Dankeith] are the parents of Margaret and Barbara:

Repository: National Records of Scotland
Reference: GD3/1/9/20/8
Title: Disposition and assignation by Alexander Lockhart in favour of Margaret Cunninghame
Dates: 17 Apr 1672
Access status: Open
Location: Off site
Description: Disposition and assignation by Alexander Lockhart in favour of Margaret Cunninghame, his spouse, (lawful daughter to unquhile John Cunninghame, procreat between him and unquhile Janet Lockhart) and the heirs to be procreat between them which failing Margaret, her own nearest and lawful heirs and assignees whomsoever of the foresaid lands reserving his own liferent
Dated at Wrightshouses near the burgh of Edinburgh
Level: Item
Previous numbers: GD3/1/3321

+ + + + + + + +

Repository: National Records of Scotland
Reference: GD149/149
Title: Charter de me by John Conyngham, younger of Dankeithe, and Janet Lockhart, his spouse, to Sir William Conynghame of Caprintoune and Isobel Hamilton, his spouse, of the half merk land of Hoilhous in parish of Symontoune and bailiary of Kylstewart
Dates: 8 Jan 1634
Access status: Open
Location: Off site
Level: File

Family/Spouse: Rev. Thomas Craighead. Thomas (son of Rev. Robert Craighead and Agnes Heart) was born about 1670 in Donoughmore, Donegal, Ireland; died in Apr 1739 in Newville, Cumberland, Pennsyvania. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Charles married Catherine of Braganza, Queen Consort of England, Scotland, and Ireland on 21 May 1662 in Portsmouth, Hampshire, England. Catherine was born on 25 Nov 1638 in Vila Viçosam Alentejo, Portugal; died on 31 Dec 1705 in Bemposta, Portugal; was buried in Belem, near Lisbon, Portugal. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

James married Anne Hyde on 3 Sep 1660. Anne was born on 12 Mar 1637 in Cranbourne Lodge, Windsor, Berkshire, England; died on 30 Mar 1671 in St. James's Palace, London, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

James married Mary of Modena, Queen Consort of England, Scotland, and Ireland on 20 Sep 1673 in Palazzo Ducale, Modena, Italy. Mary was born on 25 Sep 1658 in Palazzo Ducale, Modena, Italy; died on 26 Apr 1718 in Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Paris, France; was buried in Convent of the Visitation at Chaillot, Paris, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

From research published in recent years on soc.genealogy.medieval, Margaret Wallace would appear to be, like her husband the Rev. Thomas Craighead, a "gateway ancestor" for TWK.

Jan Wolfe, post to soc.genealogy.medieval, 4 Oct 2019:

Ed Craighead obtained digital images of the court documents in the dispute between Thomas Craighead and Margaret Cunningham (see 1693/94 item in the "Chronicle" for Thomas Craighead and Margaret Wallace on my website, http://www-personal.umich.edu/~bobwolfe/gen/mn/m11456x11467.htm). When Ed requested the documents from the National Archives of Scotland, they were found to be in need of restoration and preservation and that work was completed before the images were provided to Ed.

The information on my website about the parents of Margaret Wallace is from the documents in the Craighead-Cunningham dispute. With these documents, Ed Craighead has positively identified Margaret's father as Michael Wallace of Ramelton/Rathmelton in co. Donegal, Ireland, and her mother as Michael's relict Barbara Cunningham who was age sixty on 22 February 1694 when she made a deposition in the case. Further, the documents indicate that Barbara was the sister of Margaret Cunningham who was the relict of Alexander Lockhart, writer in Edinburgh, one of the under clerks of sessions. The contract of marriage in which Margaret Cunningham had agreed to pay Thomas Craighead double what she gave to any other nephew or niece was signed on June 20, 1688, and registered in 1691. John Wallace, apothecary and burgess in Edinburgh and brother of Margaret Wallace, had received 3000 Merks from Margaret Cunningham, but there was a dispute about whether that payment was a gift to him as her nephew or for another matter. At the time of the court proceedings which started in December 1693, Master Thomas Craighead was an Alchemist in Edinburgh. One of the witnesses in the case was a John Cunningham younger writer to ye majesty's signet.

"ravinmaven", post to soc.genealogy.medieval, 7 Oct 2019:

The two documents that make us think John Cunningham and Janet Lockhart [of Dalkeith / Dankeith] are the parents of Margaret and Barbara:

Repository: National Records of Scotland
Reference: GD3/1/9/20/8
Title: Disposition and assignation by Alexander Lockhart in favour of Margaret Cunninghame
Dates: 17 Apr 1672
Access status: Open
Location: Off site
Description: Disposition and assignation by Alexander Lockhart in favour of Margaret Cunninghame, his spouse, (lawful daughter to unquhile John Cunninghame, procreat between him and unquhile Janet Lockhart) and the heirs to be procreat between them which failing Margaret, her own nearest and lawful heirs and assignees whomsoever of the foresaid lands reserving his own liferent
Dated at Wrightshouses near the burgh of Edinburgh
Level: Item
Previous numbers: GD3/1/3321

+ + + + + + + +

Repository: National Records of Scotland
Reference: GD149/149
Title: Charter de me by John Conyngham, younger of Dankeithe, and Janet Lockhart, his spouse, to Sir William Conynghame of Caprintoune and Isobel Hamilton, his spouse, of the half merk land of Hoilhous in parish of Symontoune and bailiary of Kylstewart
Dates: 8 Jan 1634
Access status: Open
Location: Off site
Level: File

Family/Spouse: Rev. Thomas Craighead. Thomas (son of Rev. Robert Craighead and Agnes Heart) was born about 1670 in Donoughmore, Donegal, Ireland; died in Apr 1739 in Newville, Cumberland, Pennsyvania. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Charles married Catherine of Braganza, Queen Consort of England, Scotland, and Ireland on 21 May 1662 in Portsmouth, Hampshire, England. Catherine was born on 25 Nov 1638 in Vila Viçosam Alentejo, Portugal; died on 31 Dec 1705 in Bemposta, Portugal; was buried in Belem, near Lisbon, Portugal. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

James married Anne Hyde on 3 Sep 1660. Anne was born on 12 Mar 1637 in Cranbourne Lodge, Windsor, Berkshire, England; died on 30 Mar 1671 in St. James's Palace, London, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

James married Mary of Modena, Queen Consort of England, Scotland, and Ireland on 20 Sep 1673 in Palazzo Ducale, Modena, Italy. Mary was born on 25 Sep 1658 in Palazzo Ducale, Modena, Italy; died on 26 Apr 1718 in Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Paris, France; was buried in Convent of the Visitation at Chaillot, Paris, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1688
• Alternate death: 1753, Prince George's County, Maryland

Family/Spouse: Elizabeth Brewer. Elizabeth (daughter of John Brewer and Sarah Ridgely) was born on 25 Oct 1690 in Anne Arundel County, Maryland; died before 1751. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: William Offutt. William (son of William Offutt and Jane Joyce) was born in 1729 in of Montgomery County, Maryland; died in 1786. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Alice Craighead.

Family/Spouse: Rev. Alexander McDowell. Alexander (son of John McDowell) was born in 1721 in Gleno, Raloo, Antrim, Ireland; died on 13 Jan 1782; was buried in Stone Graveyard, Lewisville, Chester, Pennsylvania. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also spelled Huybertje Jaets.

Huybertje married Jacob Lansing on 13 May 1738. Jacob (son of Jacob H. Lansing and Helena Pruyn) was born on 22 Nov 1713; was christened on 29 Nov 1713; died on 8 Sep 1794. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Elizabeth Fort. Elizabeth died before 30 May 1756; was buried on 30 May 1756 in Albany, Albany, New York. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Thomas married Margaret Brownnear Boston, Suffolk, Massachusetts. Margaret (daughter of George Brown and Margaret Macky) was born in 1702 in Ireland; died on 13 Sep 1765; was buried in White Clay Creek, New Castle, Delaware. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Thomas married Margaret Brownnear Boston, Suffolk, Massachusetts. Margaret (daughter of George Brown and Margaret Macky) was born in 1702 in Ireland; died on 13 Sep 1765; was buried in White Clay Creek, New Castle, Delaware. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Margaret Jackson. Margaret (daughter of John Jackson and Ruth Beall) was born in 1711; died in 1801. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 1824, Ohio County, Kentucky

Margaret married Baruch Odell in 1780 in Maryland. Baruch (son of Thomas Odell and Keziah Offutt) was born in 1755 in Frederick County, Maryland; died after 9 Jun 1789 in Montgomery County, Maryland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

From “The McDowell Family”, citation details below:

John was born in Cecil county, Maryland, in 1750; was educated as a physician at the medical school of the University of Pennsylvania. He married Martha Johnston, at New London Cross Roads, Chester County. About the year 1804 he removed to Steubenville, Ohio and died there January 1, 1825. He was an officer and surgeon in the Continental and United States army. In the Revolutionary War he served with distinction and honor; was engaged in the ‘Crossing of the Delaware,’ the battle of Princeton, Trenton and others. Congress presented him with a sword. He was a close personal friend of Gen. George Washington, and one of the original members of the Society of the Cincinnati. His military record is as follows: First lieutenant and surgeon’s mate, Sixth Pennsylvania Battalion, Jan 9, 1776; first lieutenant, no date, and captain Seventh Pennsylvania March 20, 1777; transferred to First Pennsylvania, Jan. 1, 1783, and served to Nov. 3 1783; surgeon United States infantry regiment, Aug. 1, 1784; resigned July 24, 1788.

He served his State as a member of the Executive Council for three years and was also a member of the Legislature.

John married Martha JohnstonNew London Crossroads, Chester, Pennsylvania. Martha (daughter of Alexander Johnston and Martha) was born in New London Crossroads, Chester, Pennsylvania. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

As of 19 Jan 2019, she is identified on Wikitree as a daughter of Pieter Johannes Lansing (1721-1807) and Elizabeth Wendell (1723-1761), which would give her a descent from both the Schuyler family (of the three sisters made famous by Hamilton) and the van Rensselaer family, patroons of the Rensselaerwyck manor.

But a sidebar to that Wikitree page, attributed to Ellen Smith, notes that the parentage assigned to her by Munsell (citation details below), which we follow, is as plausible or more plausible for several reasons. Of their first three children, Elizabeth and Jacob were the names of Johannes Van Woert’s parents, and Hubertje was the name of Cathalyntje’s mother, assuming Cathalyntje’s parents were as shown here. And assuming the same, two of this couple’s children’s baptisms — those of Jacob and Willempje — were witnessed by Jacob Lansing and his wife Willempje, Jacob being one of Cathalyntje’s brothers.

Cathalyntje married Johannes Van Woert on 20 Jun 1770. Johannes (son of Jacob Van Woert and Elizabeth Fort) was born on 14 May 1750; was christened on 17 Jun 1750 in Albany, Albany, New York; died on 5 Oct 1836 in Pittstown, Rensselaer, New York; was buried in Millertown Cemetery, Pittstown, Rensselaer, New York. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Johannes married Cathalyntje Lansing on 20 Jun 1770. Cathalyntje (daughter of Jacob Lansing and Huybertje Yates) was born on 1 May 1753; was christened on 6 May 1753 in Reformed Dutch Church, Albany, Albany, New York. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Alice Craighead.

Family/Spouse: Rev. Alexander McDowell. Alexander (son of John McDowell) was born in 1721 in Gleno, Raloo, Antrim, Ireland; died on 13 Jan 1782; was buried in Stone Graveyard, Lewisville, Chester, Pennsylvania. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Alice Craighead.

Family/Spouse: Rev. Alexander McDowell. Alexander (son of John McDowell) was born in 1721 in Gleno, Raloo, Antrim, Ireland; died on 13 Jan 1782; was buried in Stone Graveyard, Lewisville, Chester, Pennsylvania. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: William Offutt. William (son of William Offutt and Jane Joyce) was born in 1729 in of Montgomery County, Maryland; died in 1786. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Cassandra married John Kendrick Austin on 15 Feb 1799 in Prince George Parish, Montgomery County, Maryland. John (son of John Austin) was born on 2 May 1770 in Montgomery County, Maryland; died in 1854; was buried in Austin Cemetery, Beaver Dam, Ohio, Kentucky. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1789

Alexander married Mary Sheldon on 19 Jul 1814 in Jefferson County, Ohio. Mary (daughter of Roderick Sheldon and Mary Sheldon) was born in Hartford, Hartford, Connecticut; died in 1843; was buried in Union Cemetery, Steubenville, Jefferson, Ohio. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

From “The McDowell Family”, citation details below:

John was born in Cecil county, Maryland, in 1750; was educated as a physician at the medical school of the University of Pennsylvania. He married Martha Johnston, at New London Cross Roads, Chester County. About the year 1804 he removed to Steubenville, Ohio and died there January 1, 1825. He was an officer and surgeon in the Continental and United States army. In the Revolutionary War he served with distinction and honor; was engaged in the ‘Crossing of the Delaware,’ the battle of Princeton, Trenton and others. Congress presented him with a sword. He was a close personal friend of Gen. George Washington, and one of the original members of the Society of the Cincinnati. His military record is as follows: First lieutenant and surgeon’s mate, Sixth Pennsylvania Battalion, Jan 9, 1776; first lieutenant, no date, and captain Seventh Pennsylvania March 20, 1777; transferred to First Pennsylvania, Jan. 1, 1783, and served to Nov. 3 1783; surgeon United States infantry regiment, Aug. 1, 1784; resigned July 24, 1788.

He served his State as a member of the Executive Council for three years and was also a member of the Legislature.

John married Martha JohnstonNew London Crossroads, Chester, Pennsylvania. Martha (daughter of Alexander Johnston and Martha) was born in New London Crossroads, Chester, Pennsylvania. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

From “The McDowell Family”, citation details below:

John was born in Cecil county, Maryland, in 1750; was educated as a physician at the medical school of the University of Pennsylvania. He married Martha Johnston, at New London Cross Roads, Chester County. About the year 1804 he removed to Steubenville, Ohio and died there January 1, 1825. He was an officer and surgeon in the Continental and United States army. In the Revolutionary War he served with distinction and honor; was engaged in the ‘Crossing of the Delaware,’ the battle of Princeton, Trenton and others. Congress presented him with a sword. He was a close personal friend of Gen. George Washington, and one of the original members of the Society of the Cincinnati. His military record is as follows: First lieutenant and surgeon’s mate, Sixth Pennsylvania Battalion, Jan 9, 1776; first lieutenant, no date, and captain Seventh Pennsylvania March 20, 1777; transferred to First Pennsylvania, Jan. 1, 1783, and served to Nov. 3 1783; surgeon United States infantry regiment, Aug. 1, 1784; resigned July 24, 1788.

He served his State as a member of the Executive Council for three years and was also a member of the Legislature.

John married Martha JohnstonNew London Crossroads, Chester, Pennsylvania. Martha (daughter of Alexander Johnston and Martha) was born in New London Crossroads, Chester, Pennsylvania. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 1824, Ohio County, Kentucky

Margaret married Baruch Odell in 1780 in Maryland. Baruch (son of Thomas Odell and Keziah Offutt) was born in 1755 in Frederick County, Maryland; died after 9 Jun 1789 in Montgomery County, Maryland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 5 Jan 1867, Ohio County, Kentucky

George married Amanda Thomas in 1844. Amanda (daughter of William Thomas and Sally Jackson) was born on 14 Jun 1827 in Ohio County, Kentucky; died on 8 Jan 1899 in Ohio County, Kentucky; was buried in Beaver Dam Baptist Church Cemetery, Beaver Dam, Ohio, Kentucky. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Lydia married Eli Todd Tappan on 4 Feb 1851 in Steubenville, Jefferson, Ohio. Eli (son of Benjamin Tappan, Senator from Ohio and Elizabeth "Betsy" Lord) was born on 30 Apr 1824 in Steubenville, Jefferson, Ohio; died on 23 Oct 1888 in Columbus, Franklin, Ohio. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also spelled VanWort, Van Woert, Van Wert, etc.

Family/Spouse: Rebecca. Rebecca was born in 1816 in New York; died in 1895 in Genesee County, Michigan; was buried in Mount Morris Cemetery, Mount Morris, Genesee, Michigan. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1789

Alexander married Mary Sheldon on 19 Jul 1814 in Jefferson County, Ohio. Mary (daughter of Roderick Sheldon and Mary Sheldon) was born in Hartford, Hartford, Connecticut; died in 1843; was buried in Union Cemetery, Steubenville, Jefferson, Ohio. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1789

Alexander married Mary Sheldon on 19 Jul 1814 in Jefferson County, Ohio. Mary (daughter of Roderick Sheldon and Mary Sheldon) was born in Hartford, Hartford, Connecticut; died in 1843; was buried in Union Cemetery, Steubenville, Jefferson, Ohio. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Cassandra married John Kendrick Austin on 15 Feb 1799 in Prince George Parish, Montgomery County, Maryland. John (son of John Austin) was born on 2 May 1770 in Montgomery County, Maryland; died in 1854; was buried in Austin Cemetery, Beaver Dam, Ohio, Kentucky. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Laura Ashford. Laura (daughter of Thomas Ashford and Nancy Ann Stewart) was born on 31 Jul 1869 in Kentucky; died on 15 Oct 1957 in Ohio County, Kentucky; was buried in Rosine Cemetery, Rosine, Ohio, Kentucky. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

"[A]n American novelist and short story writer best known for her acute characterizations and depictions of academic life." [Wikipedia]

Mary married John Henry Wright on 2 Apr 1879 in Gambier, Knox, Ohio. John (son of Rev. Austen Hazen Wright and Catherine Myers) was born on 4 Feb 1852 in Urumiah, Persia; died on 25 Nov 1908 in Cambridge, Middlesex, Massachusetts; was buried in Mount Auburn Cemetery, Cambridge, Middlesex, Massachusetts. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Evidently a Civil War veteran. His Find a Grave page says he enlisted 11 Jul 1861 and was discharged in 1865, but provides no further details.

George married Hattie C. Crowell in 1862, and was divorced about 1873. Hattie (daughter of Moses Pierson Crowell and Emeline Graves) was born about 1842 in Ohio; died on 7 May 1888 in Williamston, Ingham, Michigan; was buried in Rowley Cemetery, Webberville, Ingham, Michigan. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Lydia married Eli Todd Tappan on 4 Feb 1851 in Steubenville, Jefferson, Ohio. Eli (son of Benjamin Tappan, Senator from Ohio and Elizabeth "Betsy" Lord) was born on 30 Apr 1824 in Steubenville, Jefferson, Ohio; died on 23 Oct 1888 in Columbus, Franklin, Ohio. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Lydia married Eli Todd Tappan on 4 Feb 1851 in Steubenville, Jefferson, Ohio. Eli (son of Benjamin Tappan, Senator from Ohio and Elizabeth "Betsy" Lord) was born on 30 Apr 1824 in Steubenville, Jefferson, Ohio; died on 23 Oct 1888 in Columbus, Franklin, Ohio. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 5 Jan 1867, Ohio County, Kentucky

George married Amanda Thomas in 1844. Amanda (daughter of William Thomas and Sally Jackson) was born on 14 Jun 1827 in Ohio County, Kentucky; died on 8 Jan 1899 in Ohio County, Kentucky; was buried in Beaver Dam Baptist Church Cemetery, Beaver Dam, Ohio, Kentucky. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: John William Ford. John (son of William Spurrier Ford and Rhoda Alice Mathews) was born on 25 Feb 1900 in Olaton, Ohio, Kentucky; died on 6 Apr 1964 in Whiting, Lake, Indiana; was buried on 9 Apr 1964 in Sunnyside Cemetery, Beaver Dam, Ohio, Kentucky. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Author of Islandia, a quasi-utopian novel published eleven years after his death, which has remained almost uninterruptedly in print.

Austin married Margaret Garrad Stone on 14 Nov 1912 in Cambridge, Middlesex, Massachusetts. Margaret (daughter of William Eben Stone and Katherine Maria Fay) was born on 19 Jul 1886 in Cambridge, Middlesex, Massachusetts; died on 1 Sep 1937 in London, England; was buried in Mount Auburn Cemetery, Cambridge, Middlesex, Massachusetts. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Marion married Elbert Freeman "Bert" Allen on 2 Jul 1892 in Howell, Livingston, Michigan. Elbert (son of Elisha Freeman Allen and Annette "Nettie" Marie Crandall) was born on 13 Oct 1873 in Howell, Livingston, Michigan; died on 10 Mar 1957 in Battle Creek, Calhoun, Michigan; was buried in Summit Cemetery, Williamston, Ingham, Michigan. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

"[A]n American novelist and short story writer best known for her acute characterizations and depictions of academic life." [Wikipedia]

Mary married John Henry Wright on 2 Apr 1879 in Gambier, Knox, Ohio. John (son of Rev. Austen Hazen Wright and Catherine Myers) was born on 4 Feb 1852 in Urumiah, Persia; died on 25 Nov 1908 in Cambridge, Middlesex, Massachusetts; was buried in Mount Auburn Cemetery, Cambridge, Middlesex, Massachusetts. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

"[A]n American novelist and short story writer best known for her acute characterizations and depictions of academic life." [Wikipedia]

Mary married John Henry Wright on 2 Apr 1879 in Gambier, Knox, Ohio. John (son of Rev. Austen Hazen Wright and Catherine Myers) was born on 4 Feb 1852 in Urumiah, Persia; died on 25 Nov 1908 in Cambridge, Middlesex, Massachusetts; was buried in Mount Auburn Cemetery, Cambridge, Middlesex, Massachusetts. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Laura Ashford. Laura (daughter of Thomas Ashford and Nancy Ann Stewart) was born on 31 Jul 1869 in Kentucky; died on 15 Oct 1957 in Ohio County, Kentucky; was buried in Rosine Cemetery, Rosine, Ohio, Kentucky. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: (Private). [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

As a San Francisco newspaper columnist, she coined the word "mondegreen."

"Sylvia Wright, a Writer and Harpers Ex-Editor," in The New York Times, 13 May 1981:

Sylvia Wright, a freelance writer who frequently and humorously commented in national magazines on trends in modern living, died of cancer Saturday at her home in Cambridge, Mass. She was 64 years old.

Miss Wright was also a former editor of Harpers Bazaar. A collection of her magazine articles, ''Get Away From Me With Those Christmas Gifts,'' was published by McGraw-Hill in 1957. She was also the author of a novel, ''A Shark Infested Rice Pudding.''

After her graduation from Bryn Mawr College, Miss Wright edited and prepared for publication ''Islandia,'' a Utopian novel about an imaginary country written by her father, the late Austin Tappen [sic] Wright, who was a professor of law at the University of California at Berkeley and the University of Pennsylvania. The novel, which has been a steady seller, was published in 1942, reissued in 1958. It is currently published by Arno Press Inc. and the New American Library.

At her death, Miss Wright was writing a biography of her great-aunt, Melusina Fay Peirce, an early feminist and first wife of the American physicist, mathematician and philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce.

Miss Wright is survived by her husband, Paul J. Mitarachi; a son, John; a sister, Phyllis King of Manhattan; and two brothers, Benjamin and William Wright.

Notes:

Phyllis Wright and Lowell King were seventh cousins once removed, her being a 6XG-granddaughter of the Rev. James Fitch (1622-1702) and Priscilla Mason (1641-1714), and he being a 7XG-grandson of the same couple.

Phyllis married Lowell King on 27 Sep 1941 in New York, New York. Lowell (son of Clarence Baker King and Alice Darracott Seabrook) was born on 2 May 1920 in New Canaan, Farfield, Connecticut; died on 27 Aug 1969 in New York, New York. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also spelled Roselia, Rosalie, Rosella, Rosslie, etc.

We do not know her exact date or place of birth. The record of her 1924 marriage to John Q. Myers says that she was born in in Howell, Michigan and that she was 19, implying a birth year around 1905. The record of her 1945 marriage to John B. Squier says that she was born in Lansing, Michigan and that she was 39, implying a birth year around 1906. Both marriage records confirm that she was a daughter of Elbert Freeman Allen and Marion Van Wort, and the 1910 and 1920 census records of that couple list a daughter of the appropriate age named Rosalia or Roselia. Elbert Freeman Allen was born in Howell in 1873 and married Marion Van Wort there in 1892. Finally, Rose M. Squier's 9 Apr 1985 obituary in the Battle Creek Enquirer, says that she was born in Lansing and gives her age at death as 79, implying a birth year of 1905. This obituary correctly identifies its subject as the mother of "Barbara Fitzgerald of Dayton" and, while it makes no mention of her first husband, it also correctly says "Her husband, John B. Squier, died in 1963."

She is a subject of extreme confusion in various user-submitted trees on ancestry.com and listings on Find a Grave. Her second husband was not John McGowen Squires (1903-1972), a son of Albert E. Squires and Ruth May McGowen. Nor was he Walter R. Squires (1892-1973), a son of William Rosecrans Squires and Laura Belle Myers. Walter R. Squires did marry, on 14 Feb 1931 in Mason, Ingham County, Michigan, a woman named Rose M., but she was Miss Rose M. Erbe, 25 years old, born in Mantador, North Dakota, a daughter of Albert Erbe. Walter R. Squires died in Lansing on 9 Feb 1973 and, acccording to his 11 Feb 1973 obituary in the Lansing State Journal, was survived by his wife Rose. Walter and Rose are interred together at Resurrection Cemetery in Wyoming, Kent County, Michigan, under a plaque that gives his birth and death dates as 26 Nov 1892 and 9 Feb 1973, and hers as 20 May 1905 and 11 Mar 2005. She is beyond any possible doubt not the Rosalia M. (Allen) (Myers) Squier who was a daughter of Elbert Freeman Allen and Marion Von Wort and the mother of Barbara Ann (Myers) Fitzgerald.

Out of the dozens of user-submitted ancestry.com trees in which she appears, several of the less obviously confused give our Rosalia's birth as 8 Oct 1905 in Howell. None of them give a source for this precise date or place, but a birth in October 1905 is exactly consonant with the ages given in both of her marriage records, and with the age (79) given in the Battle Creek Enquirer's report of her death on 4 Apr 1985. Further, her father was born in Howell, her parents were married in Howell, and Howell is the birthplace given on the earlier of her two marriage records, all of which facts suggest that Howell, rather than Lansing, was her actual place of birth. But failing a truly stunning coincidence, she was not born there on 20 May 1905, because we know this to have been the birthdate of Rose M. Erbe, wife of Walter M. Squires.

Rosalia married John Q. Myers on 12 Dec 1924 in Lansing, Ingham, Michigan, and was divorced on 11 Sep 1944 in Calhoun County, Michigan. John (son of John Walter Myers and Electa Frances Eisenlohr) was born on 6 Feb 1895 in Carson City, Montcalm, Michigan; died on 6 Nov 1965 in Marengo Township, Calhoun, Michigan. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Rosalia married John B. Squier on 2 Jul 1945 in Battle Creek, Calhoun, Michigan. John (son of Charles Albert Squier and Julia Elizabeth Hickman) was born about 1903; died in 1963. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Author of Islandia, a quasi-utopian novel published eleven years after his death, which has remained almost uninterruptedly in print.

Austin married Margaret Garrad Stone on 14 Nov 1912 in Cambridge, Middlesex, Massachusetts. Margaret (daughter of William Eben Stone and Katherine Maria Fay) was born on 19 Jul 1886 in Cambridge, Middlesex, Massachusetts; died on 1 Sep 1937 in London, England; was buried in Mount Auburn Cemetery, Cambridge, Middlesex, Massachusetts. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Author of Islandia, a quasi-utopian novel published eleven years after his death, which has remained almost uninterruptedly in print.

Austin married Margaret Garrad Stone on 14 Nov 1912 in Cambridge, Middlesex, Massachusetts. Margaret (daughter of William Eben Stone and Katherine Maria Fay) was born on 19 Jul 1886 in Cambridge, Middlesex, Massachusetts; died on 1 Sep 1937 in London, England; was buried in Mount Auburn Cemetery, Cambridge, Middlesex, Massachusetts. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: John William Ford. John (son of William Spurrier Ford and Rhoda Alice Mathews) was born on 25 Feb 1900 in Olaton, Ohio, Kentucky; died on 6 Apr 1964 in Whiting, Lake, Indiana; was buried on 9 Apr 1964 in Sunnyside Cemetery, Beaver Dam, Ohio, Kentucky. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 24 Sep 2006, Minneapolis, Hennepin, Minnesota