John Howard

Notes:

Duke of Norfolk. Earl Marshal of England. Present at the coronation of Richard III. Led the van of archers at Bosworth Field, where he was slain.

Knight of the shire for Norfolk, 1455. Sheriff of Norfolk and Suffolk 1461. Vice Admiral of Norfolk and Suffolk, 1466. Sheriff of Oxfordshire 1467-68. Treasurer of the Household 1467-74. Lieutenant of Calais 1469. Privy Councillor 1483. Admiral of England, Ireland, and Aquitaine 1483.

A zealous Yorkist, he was knighted on the field by Edward IV at the battle of Towton, 29 Mar 1461. He was summoned to Parliament by writs dated 15 Oct 1470 to 15 Nov 1482. He was created Duke of Norfolk and constituted Earl Marshal of England 28 Jun 1483.

John married Katherine de Moleyns before 1442. Katherine (daughter of William Moleyns and Margery) was born about 1423; died on 3 Nov 1465; was buried in Stoke-By-Nayland, Suffolk, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

John married Margaret Chedworth before 22 Jan 1467. Margaret (daughter of John Chedworth and Joan) died between 13 May 1490 and 3 Dec 1494; was buried in 1494. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

2nd Duke of Norfolk. Styled Earl of Surrey, 1483-85 and 1489-1514.

Family/Spouse: Elizabeth Tilney. Elizabeth (daughter of Frederick Tilney and Elizabeth Cheyne) was born about 1442; died on 4 Apr 1497. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married John Wyndham in 1467. John (son of John Wymondham and Margery Clifton) was born in of Crownthorpe, Norfolk, England; died on 6 May 1502 in Tower Hill, London, England; was buried in Austin Friars, London, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Katherine married John Bourchier before 13 May 1490. John (son of Humphrey Bourchier and Elizabeth Tilney) was born about 1467 in of West Horsley, Surrey, England; died on 16 Mar 1533 in Calais, France; was buried in Calais, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Described in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography as "an impecunious younger son". Comptroller of Calais in 1531.

Family/Spouse: Joyce Culpeper. Joyce (daughter of Richard Culpepper and Isabel Worsley) was born about 1480; died after 1527. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Thomas Boleyn. Thomas (son of William Boleyn and Margaret Butler) was born about 1477 in Hever Castle, Hever, Kent, England; died on 12 Mar 1539; was buried in St. Peter's, Hever, Kent, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 1522

Notes:

Esquire of the King's Body. He was in an expedition to Biscay in 1512, was knighted by his cousin Edmund Howard that year, and was with Henry VIII at the siges of the Therouanne and Tournai. He attended conferences with the king of France in 1520.

Family/Spouse: Eleanor Scrope. Eleanor (daughter of Richard Scrope and Eleanor Washbourne) was born about 1476; died before 1509. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 1561

Notes:

Or Joan.

Family/Spouse: Edmund Knyvet. Edmund (son of Edmund Knyvet and Eleanor Tyrrell) was born in 1490 in of Ashwellthorpe, Norfolk, England; died on 1 May 1539; was buried in Ashwellthorpe, Norfolk, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

In one of the charges leading to her downfall, she was alleged to have failed to resist the advances of a gentleman of the king's privy chamber named Thomas Culpeper, who was himself beheaded at Tyburn on 10 Dec 1541, two months before her own execution. The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography article about Katherine Howard notes that "he was distantly related to Katherine on her mother's side, for they shared a Culpeper ancestor who had lived in the reign of Edward II." This would be true if the courtier were a son of any number of Culpepers of sixteenth-century Kent, virtually all of them descendants of Thomas Colepeper of Brenchley who died in 1309. But the ODNB confidently states that the courtier Thomas Culpeper was "the second of the three sons of Alexander Culpeper of Bedgebury, Kent (d. 1541), and his second wife, Constance Harper (née Chamberlain); his elder brother, also named Thomas, was a client of Thomas Cromwell." This piques our interest, because this Alexander Culpeper was a son of John Culpeper (~1430-1480) and his wife Agnes Gainsford, who are themselves direct ancestors of JTS and (probably) TNH, AP, and GFS.^{1, 2}

The problem is this: Alexander Culpeper of Bedgebury made his will on 20 May 1540, and died sometime in 1541 before 21 June, when his will was proved. His wife Constance made her will on 4 Oct 1541, after her husband's death. All of these events happened before the courtier Thomas Culpeper was accused, much less executed. And yet both wills name only one son named Thomas. Alexander's calls Thomas "myne eldist sonne" and mentions one other son, John. Constance's also names only two sons by Alexander, Thomas and John. (She had an additional son, George Harper, by her first marriage.)

Constance's will was proved at London on 13 Nov 1542, so it's entirely possible that she lived past 10 Nov 1541, the day the courtier Thomas Culpepper was executed. And there is a codicil to Constance's will, undated, but it makes none of the adjustments one might expect if one of one's legatees had been beheaded at Tyburn since the main will was drawn up.

Even more to the point, if backwoods gentry Alexander and Constance Culpeper had a son who was a fast-rising figure at the royal court, one would think he would at least be mentioned in one or both of their wills. Remember again that when both of these wills were drawn up, the courtier Thomas Culpeper had yet to be accused of any wrongdoing.

Finally, the will of the Thomas Culpeper who was definitely a son of Alexander and Constance Culpeper, mentioned in both of their wills, is dated 6 Aug 1557; it was proved 20 Oct 1558, and he was buried at St. Mary's in Goudhurst on 13 May 1558. He was married twice, to Elizabeth Hawte in about 1522 and to Ellen Hendley in about 1540. He is obviously not the courtier who was executed in November 1541.

Where does the claim about the courtier's parentage come from? Probably the 1592 Visitation of Kent. Specifically, the 1924 volume The Visitations of Kent, Taken in the Years 1574 and 1592 by Robert Cooke, Clarenceux, edited by W. Bruce Bannerman, part 2, London, 1924 (Harleian Society volume 75). "The present Volume contains the remaining portion of the letters, I-Z, of the second Visitation, in 1574, together with the third Visitation, made in 1592, based on a contemporary MS bearing the autograph of Percy, Viscount Strangford, London, 1816, with the addition, from other sources, of some further Pedigrees and Arms." We're uncertain what "contemporary MS" means in this context: an actual manuscript made by a herald in the 1590s, or not? And as to the "autograph of Percy, Viscount Strangford, London, 1816", we are doubtful about the mighty authenticating credibility emanating from the signature of Percy Clinton Sydney Smythe, 6th Viscount Strangford (1780-1855), whose career as a British diplomat went into an abrupt decline when, as ambassador to Russia in 1826, he was caught falsifying dispatches to the British government and revealing confidential documents to the Austrian ambassador in St. Petersburg. At any rate, these are the pertinent passages from the 1924 volume's representation of the 1592 visitation, all on page 92:

S^r John Colepeper of Bedgebery aforsaide knight Sonne and heire to Walter married Agnes the daughter of . . . . . and by her hathe issue S^r Alexander Colepeper knighte his eldest Sonne […]

S^r Alexander Colepeper of Bedgebery aforsaide knighte Sonne and heire to S^r John maried to his first wiffe Agnes Daughter to Roger Davye of Northfelde in the County of Kent Esquire and by her had issue Alys. After the saide S^r Alexander maried to his seconde wiffe Constance Daughter to Robert Chamberlein and wydowe of Harper, and her her had issue Thomas Colepeper his eldist Sonne, and Thomas Colepeper second Sonne, and John Colepeper thirde Sonne, Elizabeth maried to S^t Clere gent., Anne maried to Raulfe Molyns of Barkeshier, and Johan maried to Aldred ffitz James of Somersetshire Esquire, Margarett married to Phillippe Chowte gent and Katherin maried to Edwarde Barrett gent.

Anne's husband was actually William Molyns, not Raulfe or Ralph. Johanna's husband was Alfred Fitzjames, not Aldred, but given the fluidity of late-medieval names he may well have gone by Aldred two or three times a week. At any rate, even stipulating that these passages represent a perfect copy of the original 1592 visitation, it remains that this information would have been taken down by the heralds from people reciting family history over fifty years after the deaths of Alexander and Constance Culpeper.

We would like to know if the author of the ODNB essay about Katherine Howard, Retha M. Warnicke, has other sources that would indicate that the courtier Thomas Culpeper was in fact a son of Alexander and Constance. We would also like to know the source for the information that his stated older brother, also named Thomas, was "a client of Thomas Cromwell." In the absence of any such information, we're inclined to believe that this theory of the parentage of the courtier Thomas Culpeper is merely yet another example of the less-than-perfect reliability of visitation pedigrees.

_____

(1) Depending on whether TNH, AP, and GFS ancestor Joan Roberts was a daughter of her father Walter Roberts's second wife Isabel Culpepper, daughter of John Culpepper and Agnes Gainsford, as seems most probable, instead of his first wife, Margaret Penn. See Adrian Benjamin Burke, John Blythe Dobson, and Janet Chevally Wolfe, "The Exhurst Ancestry of the Stoughton Siblings of New England", The New England Historical and Genealogical Register 165:245, October 2011; 166:46, January 2012.

(2) And possibly of PNH, if it's ever proved that his 9G-grandfather Henry Colepepper (d. 1675 in Virginia) was a son of his fellow Virginia emigrant John Culpeper (1637-1674), as has often been speculated. If this turned out to be the case, John Culpeper and Agnes Gainsford would be the most recent common ancestors of PNH and TNH.

Catherine married Henry VIII, King of England on 28 Jul 1540 in Oatlands Palace, Surrey, England. Henry (son of Henry VII, King of England and lord of Ireland and Elizabeth of York, Queen Consort of England) was born on 28 Jun 1491 in Greenwich, Kent, England; died on 28 Jan 1547 in Hampton Court Palace, Richmond upon Thames, London, England; was buried in St. George's Chapel, Windsor, Berkshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Mary married William Carey in 1520. William was born about 1495; died on 22 Jun 1528. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Anne married Henry VIII, King of England in Jan 1533. Henry (son of Henry VII, King of England and lord of Ireland and Elizabeth of York, Queen Consort of England) was born on 28 Jun 1491 in Greenwich, Kent, England; died on 28 Jan 1547 in Hampton Court Palace, Richmond upon Thames, London, England; was buried in St. George's Chapel, Windsor, Berkshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

He was knighted at the coronation of Edward VI, February 1547.

Family/Spouse: Elizabeth Sydenham. Elizabeth (daughter of John Sydenham and Joan) died on 1 Jan 1571; was buried in St. Decuman's, Watchet, Somerset, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 1596

Mary married Erasmus Paston after 22 Oct 1521. Erasmus (son of William Paston and Bridget Heydon) was born before 1508; died before 6 Nov 1540; was buried on 6 Nov 1540 in Paston, Norfolk, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: of Plumstead, Norfolk, England
• Alternate death: Bef 1561

John married Agnes Harcourt about 1538. Agnes (daughter of John Harcourt and Margaret Barantyne) died in 1578. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]