Peter Folger

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Aug 1617, Norwich, Norfolk, England
• Alternate death: Apr 1690, Nantucket, New York

Notes:

Maternal grandfather of Benjamin Franklin; also an ancestor of J. A. Folger (1835-1889), founder of the Folgers coffee company.

From the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography:

Folger, Peter (1617–1690), interpreter and public official in America, was born in Norwich, the son of John Folger and Meriba Gibbs. Little is known of Folger until 1635, when he and his widower* father moved to Massachusetts. During the voyage Folger met Mary Morrill, an indentured servant, and apparently fell in love for he spent the next nine years of his life working as a weaver, miller, surveyor, and shoemaker to raise the £20 to buy out her contract and marry her in 1644. The couple had nine children that survived infancy. During the 1640s the family moved to Martha's Vineyard, an island settlement that was effectively ruled by the senior and junior Thomas Mayhew. There Folger began a long and prosperous career as an interpreter and cultural intermediary with the American Indian population. At the Mayhews' puritan mission he evangelized the native inhabitants and mastered Algonquian, a major Amerindian language family that would have enabled communication with the vast majority of American Indians in New England. About 1648 the younger Thomas Mayhew extended the mission to nearby Nantucket Island, part of the Mayhew proprietorship, which was home to several thousand American Indians. In 1659 Folger, who was by then familiar with the island through his missionary work, aided a group of white settlers who had purchased the island from the younger Thomas Mayhew in surveying Nantucket. That same year Folger also publicly declared himself a Baptist at a Martha's Vineyard town meeting, which undoubtedly agitated the puritan Mayhews and prompted Folger to move to the more tolerant colony of Rhode Island.

In 1663 Folger returned to Nantucket at the request of the island's proprietors in order to soothe worsening tensions with the native population that had arisen mainly from the interference of the white settlement's cattle with Amerindian crops. As an enticement he was awarded a half share in the proprietorship (full shares were reserved for families of original white settlers). Nantucket was something of an anomaly in the puritan New England context in that established religion did not gain a substantial foothold among the whites until the eighteenth century. The only churches on the island in Folger's time, therefore, were found among the American Indians. In such tolerance Folger comfortably settled his family, acted as an intermediary with the American Indians, and continued his highly successful evangelizing efforts. He also worked as a teacher, surveyor, miller, and farmer, and even served as the clerk of courts.

Folger's greatest triumph as chief diplomat to the American Indians came in 1665, when Metacom ‘King Philip’, arrived with a number of his warriors in pursuit of John Gibbs. Gibbs, an Amerindian from Nantucket who had recently finished his studies at Harvard, had insulted the powerful Pokanoket sachem by publicly speaking his father's name, Massasoit, which was an offence punishable by death. Gibbs was most likely a close friend of Folger, who had baptized the American Indian and given him the Christian name John Gibbs, which was the name of Folger's maternal grandfather. Neither the Amerindian nor the white population (about 100 people) was in a position to thwart Metacom through force, but Folger intervened to save Gibbs, offering his pursuer a ransom in exchange for Gibbs's life. Metacom agreed, but the people of Nantucket were only able to raise £11—significantly less than he wanted. An angry Metacom threatened to destroy the settlement, but the islanders called his bluff, threatening to attack him unless he departed, which he promptly did. A decade later Metacom led a coalition of Amerindians against New England in what became known as King Philip's War. The brutal fighting saw extensive slaughter and murder on both sides, but did not touch Nantucket.

Folger died on Nantucket Island in 1690. He was survived by a substantial family that would produce a number of prominent American scientists, merchants, and politicians, the most famous of whom was Benjamin Franklin, Folger's grandson.

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* Editorial footnote: The Oxford DNB notwithstanding, John Folger was not a widower in 1635; he married Merrable Gibbs in England no later than 25 Jan 1609 and she outlived him on Martha's Vineyard by at least four years. For further particulars see the note on the marriage of John Folger to Merrable Gibbs.

Peter married Mary Morrill in 1644 in Nantucket, Massachusetts. Mary died in 1704 in Nantucket, Massachusetts. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Sometimes called Bethseda.

Bathshua married Joseph Pope before 1679. Joseph (son of Joseph Pope and Gertrude) was born before 27 Oct 1650 in Salem, Essex, Massachusetts; was christened on 27 Oct 1650 in Salem, Essex, Massachusetts; died between 25 Jan 1712 and 3 Mar 1712 in Salem, Essex, Massachusetts. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Drowned, along with her husband, Isaac Coleman, and an unnamed Native American, when returning to Nantucket from Martha's Vineyard in a canoe.

Bethia married John Barnard on 26 Feb 1668. John (son of Robert Barnard and Joanna Harvey) died on 6 Jun 1669. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Eleazer married Sarah Gardner in 1671. Sarah (son of Richard Gardner and Sarah Shattuck) died on 19 Dec 1729. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Abiah married Josiah Franklin on 25 Nov 1689 in Boston, Suffolk, Massachusetts. Josiah (son of Thomas Franklin and Jane White) was born on 24 Dec 1657 in Ecton, Northamptonshire, England; was christened on 28 Dec 1657 in St. Mary Magdalene, Ecton, Northamptonshire, England; died on 16 Jan 1745 in Boston, Suffolk, Massachusetts; was buried in Granary Burying Ground, Boston, Suffolk, Massachusetts. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: John Swain. John (daughter of John Swain and Mary Weare) was born on 1 Sep 1664 in Nantucket, Massachusetts; died on 29 Nov 1738 in Nantucket, Massachusetts. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Nathaniel married Prisca Chatwell on 17 Dec 1703. Prisca (daughter of Nicholas Chatwell and Sarah Yonge) was born on 22 Apr 1679 in Salem, Essex, Massachusetts; died on 27 Dec 1756 in Enfield, Hartford, Connecticut; was buried in Enfield Street Cemetery, Enfield, Hartford, Connecticut. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 26 Sep 1695, Boston, Suffolk, Massachusetts

Notes:

Sister of Benjamin Franklin.

Mary married Capt. Robert Homes on 3 Apr 1716 in Boston, Suffolk, Massachusetts. Robert (son of Rev. William Homes and Katherine Craighead) was born on 23 Jul 1694 in Stragolan, Fermanagh, Ireland; was christened on 25 Jul 1694; died before 22 Oct 1727. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

On the new-style calendar his birth date is 17 January.

Notes:

She was a stepdaughter of John¹ Meacham, her husband's uncle.

Sarah married Samuel Meacham on 7 Nov 1726 in Springfield, Hampden, Massachusetts. Samuel (son of Isaac Meacham and Mary Root) was born on 15 Dec 1703 in Enfield, Hartford, Connecticut; died on 14 Feb 1769 in Somers, Tolland, Connecticut. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 10 Jan 1716, Boston, Suffolk, Massachusetts

Notes:

His grandfather William Homes wrote in his diary: "My Grand Son William Homes was born on Jan^y 10 1716/17 at 2 afternoon. He was baptized in the old north church by D^r Increase Mather the 13^th day of the same month."

He was a gold and silver smith. Described (by an unattributed source quoted in Lineage of the Bowens of Woodstock, Connecticut, citation details below, as "a man of tender conscience, good-tempered, and inclined to jocoseness," "thin, [with] large joints, [and] round-shouldered," and was "thought to bear a striking resemblance to his uncle, Benjamin Franklin."

Also according to Lineage of the Bowens of Woodstock, Connecticut, he was born in the same house where his famous uncle is said to have been born.

William married Rebecca Dawes on 24 Apr 1740 in Boston, Suffolk, Massachusetts. Rebecca (daughter of Thomas Dawes and Sarah Story) was born on 9 Mar 1718 in Boston, Suffolk, Massachusetts; was christened on 23 Mar 1718 in Boston, Suffolk, Massachusetts; died in Jul 1786 in Boston, Suffolk, Massachusetts; was buried in Mount Auburn Cemetery, Cambridge, Middlesex, Massachusetts. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Hannah married Hezekiah Pease in 1769. Hezekiah (son of Israel Pease and Sarah Booth) was born on 2 May 1732 in Enfield, Hartford, Connecticut; died on 23 Apr 1804. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Sarah Homes.

Sarah married Benjamin Tappan on 22 Oct 1770 in Boston, Suffolk, Massachusetts. Benjamin (son of Rev. Benjamin Tappan and Elizabeth Marsh) was born on 21 Oct 1747 in Boston, Suffolk, Massachusetts; died on 29 Jan 1831 in Northampton, Hampshire, Massachusetts; was buried in Bridge Street Cemetery, Northampton, Hampshire, Massachusetts. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 29 Nov 1770, Enfield, Hartford, Connecticut

Hannah married Solomon Terry on 31 Aug 1788 in Enfield, Hartford, Connecticut. Solomon (son of Samuel Terry and Mary Kellogg) was born on 31 Oct 1763 in Enfield, Hartford, Connecticut; died on 25 May 1839. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

"[A]n Ohio judge and Democratic politician who served in the Ohio State Senate and the United States Senate. He was an early settler of the Connecticut Western Reserve in northeastern Ohio and was one of the first settlers in Portage County and the founder of the city of Ravenna, Ohio." [Wikipedia]

"TAPPAN, Benjamin, a Senator from Ohio; born in Northampton, Mass., May 25, 1773; attended the public schools; apprenticed as printer and engraver; traveled to the West Indies; studied painting with Gilbert Stuart; studied law; admitted to the bar in Hartford, Conn., and commenced practice in Ravenna, Ohio, in 1799; member, State senate 1803-1805; moved to Steubenville, Ohio, in 1809 and continued the practice of law; served in the War of 1812; held several local offices; county judge; judge of the fifth Ohio Circuit Court of Common Pleas 1816-1823; presidential elector on the Democratic ticket in 1832; United States district judge of Ohio 1833; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1839, to March 3, 1845; chairman, Committee to Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses (Twenty-seventh and Twenty-eighth Congresses), Committee on the Library (Twenty-seventh Congress); censured by the Senate in 1844 for breach of confidence for passing copies of a proposed treaty with Texas to the press; died in Steubenville, Jefferson County, Ohio, April 20, 1857; interment in Union Cemetery." [Biographical Dictionary of the United States Congress]

An Ohio state historical marker placed in the year 2000 at Ravenna reads: "BENJAMIN TAPPAN, JR. (1773-1857) - The founder of Ravenna Township in 1799, Benjamin Tappan, Jr. led a distinguished life of public service. An aggressive force in local politics, he served in the Ohio Senate from 1803 to 1805, as judge of the fifth court of common pleas from 1816 to 1823, and as a Federal district judge from 1826 to 1833. Tappan served as aid-de-camp to Major General Elijah Wadsworth following the surrender of Detroit in the War of 1812, provisioning and arming local militia units defending the northwest frontier against a possible British invasion."

After his retirement from electoral politics, in 1838 Benjamin Tappan formed a law partnership with Edwin M. Stanton, who would later be Secretary of War throughout the Civil War, under both Lincoln and Johnson. It was Johnson's attempt to fire Stanton that led to his impeachment. Tappan's son Benjamin Stanton, M.D. (1812-1884) married, as his first wife, in May 1838, Oella Stanton, sister of Edwin M. Stanton.

Benjamin married Elizabeth "Betsy" Lord in 1823. Elizabeth (daughter of Abner Lord and Mary Selden) was born on 16 Jul 1784 in Lyme, New London, Connecticut; died on 14 Jun 1840. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

"Arthur Tappan was a New York drygoods merchant, and an abolitionist. He was widely known as a patron of religious and patriotic organizations, endowed Lane Seminary at Cincinnati, a professorship at Auburn Theological Seminary, and built Tappan Hall at Oberlin College, Ohio; he assisted in founding the Journal of Commerce and the Emancipator, and was first president of the Anti-Slavery Society. He aided in sustaining the Liberator, and by paying an enormous fine, freed William Lloyd Garrison from the Baltimore jail. One of the most notable of his benefactions was his paying the tuition of one hundred divinity students for four years at Yale College." [Tappan-Toppan Genealogy, citation details below]

From Wikipedia (accessed 9 May 2021):

In 1826, a year after the Erie Canal was completed, Arthur and his brother Lewis moved to New York City, the new national center of business and retail trade, where they established a silk importing business. With Samuel Morse, in 1827 the brothers founded the New York Journal of Commerce.

Arthur and Lewis Tappan were successful businessmen, but commerce was never their foremost interest. They viewed making money as less important than saving souls. They made the Journal of Commerce a publication free of "immoral advertisements." Arthur Tappan's summer home in New Haven, Connecticut, was destroyed by a mob in 1831 (along with a black hotel and a black home) after his support for a surprisingly unpopular (New Haven Excitement) proposal of a college for African Americans in that city.

Both men suffered in the anti-abolitionist riots of 1834, in which mobs attacked their property. Arthur Tappan was one of two signatories who issued a disclaimer on behalf of the American Anti-Slavery Society, of which he was president, in the aftermath of the riots, emphasising its dedication to abolishing slavery within the existing laws of the United States.

"In the great commercial crisis of 1837 he suffered immense losses; and not long after turned his attention to other and more retired occupations, by which he obtained a comfortable subsistence for his family, and the ability still to contribute, though on a greatly diminished scale, throughout his protracted life." [The Life of Arthur Tappan by Lewis Tappan, 1870, page 405.] Their philanthropic efforts crippled and pledges not met, the Tappans were forced to close their silk-importing business, and almost their paper, but the brothers persevered. In the 1840s, they founded another lucrative business enterprise when they opened the first commercial credit-rating service, the Mercantile Agency, a predecessor of Dun and Bradstreet.

The Tappan brothers made their mark in commerce and in abolitionism. Throughout their careers, the Tappans devoted time and money to philanthropic causes as diverse as temperance, the abolition of slavery, and their support of new colleges in what was then the west of the country: successively, the Oneida Institute, Lane Theological Seminary, the Lane Rebels at Cumminsville, Ohio, and Oberlin Collegiate Institute. Their beliefs about observing Sabbath extended to campaigns against providing stagecoach service and mail deliveries on Sundays.

In 1833, while a principal owner of the Journal of Commerce, Arthur Tappan allied with William Lloyd Garrison and co-founded the American Anti-Slavery Society. Arthur served as its first president, and there was in 1835 a reward of $20,000 (equivalent to $495,677 in 2019) for his capture and delivery to New Orleans.

He resigned in 1840 because of his opposition to the society's new support of women's suffrage and feminism. Their early support for Oberlin College, a center of abolitionist activity, included $10,000 to build Tappan Hall. Oberlin's green Tappan Square now occupies the site.

Continuing their support for abolition, Arthur and his brother founded the American and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society in 1840 and the American Missionary Association in 1846. After the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 was passed, Tappan refused to comply with the new law and donated money to the Underground Railroad. The brothers' positions on the slavery issue were not universally popular. In early July 1834, Lewis Tappan's New York home was sacked by a mob, who threw his furniture into the street and burned it.

The Tappans and the Journal of Commerce attracted bitter criticism for their campaign to free the Africans who had taken over the slave ship Amistad in 1839. James Gordon Bennett, Sr.'s rival New York Morning Herald denounced "the humbug doctrines of the abolitionists and the miserable fanatics who propagate them," particularly Lewis Tappan and the Journal of Commerce.

Arthur Tappan died in 1865, Lewis in 1873. Both men lived long enough to see the Emancipation Proclamation and the 13th Amendment eliminate slavery in the United States, granting freedom to millions of African Americans. Arthur is buried in the Grove Street Cemetery, New Haven.

Arthur married Frances Antill on 18 Sep 1810. Frances was born on 4 May 1785 in Montréal, Québec; died on 21 Jul 1863 in New Haven, New Haven, Connecticut; was buried in Grove Street Cemetery, New Haven, New Haven, Connecticut. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Buried at Green-Wood, section E, lot 19728.

"He was a drygoods merchant in New York City, a philanthropist and anti-slavery advocate, the partner in business of his brother, Arthur Tappan. He was a leading founder of the American Missionary Association." [Tappan-Toppan Genealogy, citation details below]

His many books and tracts include Address to the Non-Slaveholders of the South: On the Social and Political Evils of Slavery (1843); The Fugitive Slave Bill: Its History and Unconstitutionality (1850); American Slavery (1852); The War: Its Causes and Remedy (1861); Is It Right To Be Rich? (1869); and The Life of Arthur Tappan (1870).

From Wikipedia (accessed 9 May 2021):

Lewis Tappan [...] was a New York abolitionist who worked to achieve freedom for the enslaved Africans aboard the Amistad. Tappan was also among the founders of the American Missionary Association in 1846, which began more than 100 anti-slavery Congregational churches throughout the Midwest, and after the American Civil War, founded numerous schools and colleges to aid in the education of freedmen.

Contacted by Connecticut abolitionists soon after the Amistad arrived in port, Tappan focused extensively on the captive Africans. He ensured the acquisition of high-quality lawyers for the captives, which led to their being set free after the case went to the United States Supreme Court. With his brother Arthur, Tappan not only gained legal help and acquittal for the Africans, but also managed to increase public support and fundraising. Finally, he organized the return trip home to Africa for surviving members of the group.

Lewis Tappan was the brother of Senator Benjamin Tappan and abolitionist Arthur Tappan. His middle-class parents were strict Congregationalists. Once Lewis was old enough to work, he helped his father in a dry goods store. On his sixteenth birthday, he ventured into other areas of commerce, and ultimately started The Mercantile Agency in 1841 in New York City. The Mercantile Agency was the precursor to Dun & Bradstreet (D&B) and modern credit-reporting services. (D&B is still in existence today.)

Convinced by Arthur to read a biography of William Wilberforce, who led the cause for abolition in Great Britain, Tappan started his quest for abolition in the United States. [...]

Despite his Congregationalist upbringing, Lewis Tappan became attracted to Unitarianism for intellectual and social reasons. William Ellery Channing, a Unitarian minister, became Tappan's pastor. As a peace advocate, Channing played an influential role in Tappan's decision to join the Massachusetts Peace Society. In 1827 his brother Arthur convinced him to return to a Trinitarian denomination. Tappan joined Arthur in the Congregational church. Lewis Tappan initially supported the American Colonization Society (ACS), which promoted sending freed blacks from the United States to Africa, based on the assumption that this was their homeland, regardless of where they were born.

Frustrated by the slow progress of the ACS, Tappan and a sizable nucleus of men, including his brother Arthur, Theodore Dwight Weld, Gerrit Smith, Amos A. Phelps, and James Gillespie Birney, left the ACS to join what was to become known as the "immediatist" camp, who wanted to end slavery in the United States. Weld gained considerable influence following the move of the Tappan brothers to this group. In December 1833, at Philadelphia, Lewis Tappan joined activists such as William Lloyd Garrison to form the American Anti-Slavery Society.

The departure of the Tappans from the ACS is partially explained by the death of an African whom they repatriated. Captured in Africa and enslaved in Mississippi, Abdulrahman Ibrahim Ibn Sori was a Fulani prince. He would have had potentially lucrative trade contacts in Africa. Partly for business reasons, the Tappans focused on Ibrahim's repatriation, which was finally achieved. Shortly after reaching his homeland, however, Ibrahim died in 1829. This ended the Tappans' hopes of easily establishing significant African trade.

The Tappan brothers were Congregationalists and uncompromising moralists; even within the abolitionist movement, other members found their views extreme. Lewis Tappan advocated intermarriage (at the time called "amalgamation") as the long-range solution to racial issues, as all people would eventually be mixed race. He dreamed of a "copper-skinned" America where race would not define any man, woman, or child. Tappan characterized the arrival of the Amistad and its Africans on American shores as a "providential occurrence" that might allow "the heart of the nation" to be "touched by the power of sympathy."

The Tappan brothers created chapters of the American Anti-Slavery Society (AAS) throughout New York state and in other sympathetic areas. Although Tappan was popular among many, opponents of abolition attacked his homes and churches by arson and vandalism.

Lewis began a nationwide mailing of abolitionist material, which resulted in violent outrage in the South and denunciation by Democratic politicians, who accused him of trying to divide the Union. In the North, the mailings generated widespread sympathy and financial support for the American Anti-Slavery Society. By 1840, however, the anti-slavery program had expanded and the movement splintered.

After 1840, church-oriented abolitionism became dominant. That year Tappan formed the American and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society in disagreement with the AAS. The latter allowed a woman, Abby Kelley, to be elected to serve on the AAS business committee. Because of his strict religious beliefs, Tappan opposed the participation of women in an official capacity in the public society.

Tappan founded the abolitionist Human Rights journal and a children's anti-slavery magazine, The Slave's Friend.

"In July, 1831, Lewis Tappan, Gale, and others founded the Society for Promoting Manual Labor in Literary Institutions ['literary institutions' being schools], and later in the same year persuaded Theodore Weld, a living, breathing, and eloquently-speaking exhibit of the results of manual-labor-with-study, to accept the general agency." [A History of Oberlin College by Robert Samuel Fletcher, 1943] Manual labor--most commonly agricultural, or in a print shop--was supposed to bring students the physical and moral (psychological) benefits of exercise, while providing a type of financial aid to needy students. Among the charges to Weld, who in 1832 traveled over 4,500 miles (7,200 km) and gave over 200 lectures on manual labor and temperance, was "to find a site for a great national manual labor institution where training for the western ministry could be provided for poor but earnest young men." [Ibid.] At the recommendation of Weld, the Tappans supported the new Lane Theological Seminary in Cincinnati. When Weld led a mass exodus to Oberlin, it then received their support.

In 1841, the Amistad case went to trial. Tappan attended each day of the trials and wrote daily accounts of the proceedings for The Emancipator, a New England abolitionist paper. He was a frequent contributor. Throughout the trials in New Haven, Connecticut, Tappan arranged for several Yale University students to tutor the imprisoned Africans in English. The lessons included their learning to read New Testament scriptures and to sing Christian hymns. The Africans later drew from these skills to raise funds to return to Africa.

After achieving legal victory in the US Supreme Court, Tappan planned to use the Amistad Africans as the foundation for his dream to Christianize Africa. The village of Mo Tappan, site of a mission to the Mende people, in modern Sierra Leone, is named for him.

In 1846, Tappan was among the founders of the American Missionary Association (AMA), led by Congregational and Presbyterian ministers, both white and black. It linked anti-slavery activists of the East with Ohio and other Midwestern activists. In addition, it took over managing numerous disparate missions: an Oberlin, Ohio mission to the Red Lake-area Ojibwe, a mission to Jamaica, a Mende mission to the Amistad Africans, and a mission to escaped blacks living in Canada. As the AMA grew in influence, it expanded its enterprises. Among these, it began 115 anti-slavery Congregational churches in Illinois, aided by anti-slavery ministers such as Owen Lovejoy there.

In 1858, Tappan was the Treasurer of the AMA. Under the leadership of President Lawrence Brainerd, Tappan, Foreign Corresponding Secretary Rev. George Whipple, and Home Missions Corresponding Secretary Rev. S.S. Jocelyn, the AMA opposed the long-established and powerful American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions and American Home Missionary Society because of what the AMA alleged was their complicity with slavery. During and after the American Civil War, Tappan and his brother Arthur worked from New York with the AMA on behalf of freedmen in the South. In postwar efforts, it led the founding of numerous schools and colleges for freedmen, the historically black colleges and universities (HBCU).

Unwilling to reduce his commitment to U.S. government action against slavery in the southern states, Tappan and other radical political abolitionists denounced the Democratic Party as essentially pro-slavery. Though mistrustful of politicians, Tappan supported various antislavery parties that culminated in formation of the Republican Party. In both 1860 and 1864, Tappan voted for Abraham Lincoln.

Tappan supported the Emancipation Proclamation but believed that additional liberties were necessary. He wrote to Charles Sumner: "When will the poor negro have his rights? Not, I believe, until he has a musket in one hand and a ballot in the other."

Lewis married Susanna Aspinwall on 7 Sep 1813. Susanna was born on 17 Jul 1790 in Brookline, Norfolk, Massachusetts; died on 24 Mar 1853 in Brooklyn, Kings, New York; was buried in Walnut Street Cemetery, Brookline, Norfolk, Massachusetts. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Lewis married Sarah Jackson in 1854. Sarah was born on 14 Oct 1807 in Newton, Middlesex, Massachusetts; died on 19 Jul 1884 in Brooklyn, Kings, New York; was buried in East Parish Burying Ground, Newton, Middlesex, Massachusetts. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

She and her husband were third cousins, both of them great-grandchildren of the Rev. Nathaniel Collins (1677-1768) and Alice Adams (1682-1735). Alice Adams was in turn a great-granddaughter of Mayflower passenger and Plymouth Colony governor William Bradford (1590-1657).

Elizabeth married Jonathan Button on 8 Apr 1823. Jonathan (son of Jonathan Button and Alice Parsons) was born on 22 Jun 1800 in Enfield, Hartford, Connecticut; died in 1888. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

"[A] American educator, mathematician, author, lawyer and newspaper editor who served as president of Kenyon College, among other public distinctions." [Wikipedia]

"He was educated in the schools of Steubenville, by private tutors, and at St. Mary's College, Baltimore, Md. He studied law with his father and his father's partner, Edwin M. Stanton, who was afterwards Secretary of War under Lincoln. Although admitted to the bar in 1846, Mr. Tappan turned his attention to journalism, publishing for two years a paper called the Ohio Press. He later practiced law in Steubenville, where he was mayor, 1844-5, and superintendent of schools, 1856-9. He was professor of mathematics in the University of Ohio, 1859-60 and 1865-8. He was president of Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio, 1869-75, and commissioner of the Public Schools of Ohio, from 1887 until the time of his death. He was the author of a number of textbooks on mathematics. He received the following degrees: A. M. from St. Mary's, 1860; LL.D., from Williams, 1873, from Washington and Jefferson, 1874, and from several other colleges." [Tappan-Toppan Genealogy, citation details below.]

Eli married Lydia Lucretia McDowell on 4 Feb 1851 in Steubenville, Jefferson, Ohio. Lydia (daughter of Alexander Johnston McDowell and Mary Sheldon) was born on 4 Jul 1825 in Steubenville, Jefferson, Ohio; died on 24 Dec 1904 in Cambridge, Middlesex, Massachusetts; was buried in Steubenville, Jefferson, Ohio. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1833
• Alternate birth: May 1834, Enfield, Hartford, Connecticut

Notes:

Her Find a Grave page gives her death date as 23 May 1918, but the grave itself clearly says 23 Jul 1918, which accords with other existing records.

Harriet married William Marks in Oct 1855. William (son of James Marks and Saphronia Griswold) was born about 1833; died on 28 Oct 1913 in Windsor, Hartford, Connecticut; was buried in Enfield Street Cemetery, Enfield, Hartford, Connecticut. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

"[A]n American novelist and short story writer best known for her acute characterizations and depictions of academic life." [Wikipedia]

Mary married John Henry Wright on 2 Apr 1879 in Gambier, Knox, Ohio. John (son of Rev. Austen Hazen Wright and Catherine Myers) was born on 4 Feb 1852 in Urumiah, Persia; died on 25 Nov 1908 in Cambridge, Middlesex, Massachusetts; was buried in Mount Auburn Cemetery, Cambridge, Middlesex, Massachusetts. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]