Henry III, King of England

Henry married Eleanor of Provence, Queen Consort of England on 14 Jan 1236 in Canterbury Cathedral, Canterbury, Kent, England. Eleanor (daughter of Raymond Berenger and Beatrice of Savoy) died on 24 Jun 1291 in Amesbury Priory, Wiltshire, England; was buried in Amesbury Priory, Wiltshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

1. Edward I, King of England was born on 17 Jun 1239 in Westminster Palace, Westminster, Middlesex, England; was christened on 21 Jun 1239; died on 7 Jul 1307 in Burgh-by-Sands, Carlisle, Cumberland, England; was buried in Westminster Abbey, Westminster, Middlesex, England.
2. Beatrice of England was born on 25 Jun 1242 in Bordeaux, Aquitaine, France; died on 24 Mar 1275 in London, England; was buried in Grey Friars, Greenwich, Kent, England.
3. Edmund "Crouchback" was born on 16 Jan 1245 in London, England; died on 5 Jun 1296 in Bayonne, Aquitaine, France; was buried in Westminster Abbey, Westminster, Middlesex, England.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 1167

Notes:

Nicknamed "Lackland".

"With regard to the birthdate of John, there have been disagreements as to the exact date and year, because of discrepancies in the sources. This was recently discussed in detail in Lewis (2002), where the conclusion was reached that 1166 was more likely than 1167. A statement in the early thirteenth century that John received that name because he was born about the time of the feast of St. John (27 December) would, if true, indicate that date as a plausible date of birth [Ex chronico anonymi canonici, ut videtur, Laudensis, RHF 13, 678-9]. However, that source only indicates a birth on about that date ('circa festum S. Johannis natus fuit'), not on it." [Stewart Baldwin, The Henry Project]

For at least part of his upbringing, he was raised in the remarkable household of his father Henry II's justiciar Ranulph de Glanville, along with, among others, the Walter brothers, nephews of Glanville's wife Bertha de Valognes. Theobald Walter would become, under John, chief butler of England and Ireland and the founder of enduring lordships in Munster and Leinster. Hubert Walter would become archbishop of Canterbury, Ranulph de Glanville's successor as justiciar of England, and then, in John's kingship, chancellor of England. Also raised and educated in the same household was Geoffrey fitz Peter, who would become John's justiciar.

John married Isabel of Angoulême, Queen Consort of England on 24 Aug 1200 in Bordeaux, Gironde, France. Isabel (daughter of Adémar and Alix de Courtenay) died on 31 May 1246; was buried in Fontévrault Abbey, near Chinon, Anjou, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 3 Jun 1246
• Alternate death: 4 Jun 1246, Fontévrault Abbey, near Chinon, Anjou, France

Notes:

Countess of Angoulême. Crowned Queen of England on 8 Oct 1200.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 4 Mar 1133, Le Mans, Sarthe, Pays-de-la-Loire, France

Notes:

Also called Henry Fitz Empress; Henry Fitz Geoffrey.

Henry married Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen Consort of France; Queen Consort of England on 18 May 1152 in Bordeaux Cathedral, Bordeaux, Gironde, France. Eleanor (daughter of William X of Aquitaine and Aénor de Châtellerault) was born in 1122; died on 1 Apr 1204; was buried in Fontévrault Abbey, near Chinon, Anjou, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1124
• Alternate death: 31 Mar 1204, Poitiers, Vienne, Poitou-Charentes, France

Notes:

Also called Alienor, Helienordis. Duchess of Aquitaine.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 16 Jun 1202, Limoges, Haut-Vienne, France
• Alternate death: 1218, Limoges, Haut-Vienne, France

Notes:

Count of Angoulême.

Also called Aymer; Adhemar; Adomar. Also called "Taillefer."

Adémar married Alix de Courtenay before 1191. Alix (daughter of Pierre of France and Elisabeth de Courtenay) was born about 1160; died about 1218. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Aalis, Aalez, Alaidis, Adelaidis.

Notes:

Count of Anjou.

Also called Geoffrey Plantagenet; Geoffrey "le Bel".

Royal Ancestry, Wikipedia, and most notably the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography all say he married the Empress Matilda in Le Mans. The Henry Project says the wedding took place in Worcester, citing L. C. Bethemann, ed., Roberti de Monte Chronica (a continuation by Robert de Torigni of the chronicle of Sigebert de Gembloux).

Geoffrey married Maud "The Empress" on 22 May 1128 in Le Mans Cathedral, Le Mans, Sarthe, Pays-de-la-Loire, France. Maud (daughter of Henry I, King of England and Matilda of Scotland, Queen Consort of England) was born about 8 Feb 1102 in London, England; died on 10 Sep 1167 in Rouen, Seine-Maritime, Normandy, France; was buried in Abbey of Bec, Eure, Normandy, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 1104

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 28 Mar 1136, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
• Alternate death: 9 Apr 1137

Notes:

Called "The Saint." Duke of Aquitaine. Also, as William VIII, Count of Poitou. Also Duke of Gascony.

William married Aénor de Châtellerault in 1121. Aénor (daughter of Aimery I of Chátellerault and Dangereuse) died after 3 Mar 1130. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Aft Mar 1130

Notes:

Also called Eleanor; Aénor de Rochefoucauld.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 7 Aug 1179

Notes:

Count of Angoulême. Also called William Taillefer IV.

William married Marguerite de Turenne about 1147. Marguerite (daughter of Raymond I and Mathilde du Perche) died after 1201. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1125
• Alternate birth: Abt 1126

Notes:

Also called Peter de Courtenay. Count of Montargis and Courtenay.

Accompanied his brothers, King Louis VII and Robert, on the Second Crusade, where he fought in the siege of Damascus.

Went on crusade a second time in 1179, and died in Palestine on a 10th of March in 1180, 1181, 1182, or 1183.

Pierre married Elisabeth de Courtenay after 1150. Elisabeth (daughter of Renaud de Courtenay) died after 1205. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 1092
• Alternate death: 13 Nov 1143, Acre, Palestine
• Alternate death: 10 Nov 1144, Jerusalem

Notes:

Count of Anjou 1109-1129; Count of Maine (jure uxoris) 1110-1129.

Fulk married Eremburge de la Flèche in 1110. Eremburge (daughter of Helie de la Flèche and Matilde de Chateau-du-Loir) died in 1126. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Ermengarde of Maine.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Between May and Sep 1068, Selby, Yorkshire, England
• Alternate birth: Between Feb and May 1069, Selby, Yorkshire, England
• Alternate birth: 1068-1069
• Alternate birth: 1068-1069

Notes:

Called "Beauclerc" by later historians, but not during his lifetime.

Died after eating lampreys, which had been forbidden to him by his physician. Body buried at Reading Abbey, England. Entrails buried at Port-du-Salut Abbey, France. The Middle Ages: weird.

Henry married Matilda of Scotland, Queen Consort of England on 11 Nov 1100. Matilda (daughter of Malcolm III Canmore, King of Scotland (Alba) and St. Margaret of Scotland) was born in 1079; died on 1 May 1118 in Westminster, Middlesex, England; was buried in St. Peter's, Westminster, Middlesex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

"Although she is usually called Matilda, she was born with the name Eadgyth (Edith), as Orderic Vitalis notes." [The Henry Project]

From the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography:

Reared at Romsey Abbey in Hampshire but never having taken religious vows, Matilda was the orphaned daughter of Malcolm III (Canmore), king of Scots (d. 1093), and his celebrated queen, the saintly Margaret (d. 1093), and, through Margaret, a direct descendant of Edmund Ironside and the West Saxon kings. Matilda's marriage to Henry would thus have pleased both Scots and Anglo-Saxons. More importantly, however, it reinforced Henry's claim to the throne by providing his children with a direct hereditary link to the old English royal line. The blood of both Alfred and William the Conqueror would flow through them. By an odd chain of circumstances, Matilda was also the god-daughter of Henry's brother, Duke Robert Curthose. [...]

She became a widely admired queen, presiding competently as regent over England during Henry's frequent sojourns in Normandy and, through her patronage, making the English royal court a centre for writers and musicians. She commissioned the writing of a history of England by the monks of Malmesbury Abbey, for example, and thus became a benefactor of the great historian William of Malmesbury. She may also have given her patronage to the unknown writer who produced the first major poem to be written in Anglo-Norman French, the Voyage of St Brendan. Moreover, as a spiritual disciple of Anselm, Matilda used her close relationships with both the archbishop and her royal husband to intervene with some effect in the complex negotiations over lay investiture. The impression conveyed by her letters is that while her love of Anselm was deep and genuine, it was exceeded by her devotion to her husband and his policies.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 10 Feb 1127

Notes:

Also called Guilhèm de Peitieus; Guillaume de Poitiers. Duke of Aquitaine; also, as William VII, Count of Poitou. A leader of the Crusade of 1101, he is much more famous as the first troubador poet whose work has survived.

"Ab la dolcher del temps novel"
By William IX, Duke of Aquitaine

Out of the sweetness of the spring,
The branches leaf, the small birds sing,
Each one chanting in its own speech,
Forming the verse of its new song,
Then is it good a man should reach
For that for which he most does long.

From finest sweetest place I see
No messenger, no word for me,
So my heart can't laugh or rest,
And I don't dare try my hand,
Until I know, and can attest,
That all things are as I demand.

This love of ours it seems to be
Like a twig on a hawthorn tree
That on the tree trembles there
All night, in rain and frost it grieves,
Till morning, when the rays appear
Among the branches and the leaves.

So the memory of that dawn to me
When we ended our hostility,
And a most precious gift she gave,
Her loving friendship and her ring:
Let me live long enough, I pray,
Beneath her cloak my hand to bring.

I've no fear that tongues too free
Might part me from Sweet Company,
I know with words how they can stray
In gossip, yet that's a fact of life:
No matter if others boast of love,
We have the loaf, we have the knife!

Translated by A. S. Kline. © 2009; All Rights Reserved. This work may be freely reproduced, stored, and transmitted, electronically or otherwise, for any non-commercial purpose.

"For any of the later Provençals, i.e., the high-brows, we have to...'put ourselves into the Twelfth Century' etc. Guillaume, writing a century earlier, is just as much of our age as of his own."
[Ezra Pound, The Spirit of Romance]

And Poictiers, you know, Guillaume Poictiers,
had brought the song up out of Spain
with the singers and viels...
[Ezra Pound, Canto VIII]

He is also remembered for his specularly public affair with a woman named Dangereuse, the wife of his vassal Aimery I of Châtellerault. Aside from its interest as pure medieval melodrama, he was the paternal grandfather of Eleanor of Aquitaine, and Dangereuse was Eleanor's maternal grandmother.

William married Philippa of Toulouse in 1094. Philippa (daughter of William IV of Toulouse and Emma of Mortain) died on 28 Nov 1117. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 28 Nov 1118, Fontévrault Abbey, near Chinon, Anjou, France

Notes:

Also called Mathilda; Maud. Regent of Toulouse.

Ancestral Roots and other sources to the contrary, she was probably never married to Sancho V Ramirez (1043-94), king of Aragon. Wikipedia's article on Philippa of Toulouse cites two sources to this effect:

"Szabolcs de Vajay, 'Ramire II le Moine, roi d'Aragon et Agnes de Poitou dans l'histoire et la légende', in Me?langes offerts a? Rene? Crozet, 2 vol, Poitiers, 1966, vol 2, p 727-750; and Ruth E Harvey, 'The wives of the first troubadour Duke William IX of Aquitaine', in Journal of Medieval History, vol 19, 1993, p 315. Harvey states that, contrary to prior assumptions, William IX was certainly Philippa of Toulouse's only husband. Vajay states that the marriage to an unnamed king of Aragon reported by a non-contemporary chronicler is imaginary even though it has appeared broadly in modern histories, and likewise he cites J de Salarrullana de Dios, Documentos correspondientes al reinado de Sancho Ramirez, Saragossa, 1907, vol I, nr 51, p 204-207 to document that Sancho's wife Felicie was clearly still married to him just months before his death, making the marriage to Philippa several years earlier, as reported in several modern popular biographies of her granddaughter, completely unsupportable."

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Bef 7 Nov 1144, Notre-Dame de Noyers monastery, Nouâtre, Indre-et-Loire, France
• Alternate death: 1151

Notes:

Also called Almeric. Viscount of Chatellerault. Died as a monk.

Aimery married Dangereuse. Dangereuse was born about 1079; died after 1119. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

In 1903 Alfred Richard proposed that the Dangereuse who was wife to Aymeric I of Châtellerault was the Dangerosa who occurs as a daughter of Barthelemy de l'Isle-Bouchard and his wife Gerberge in a charter ascribed by its editor to roughly 1087. In a charter dated 1109, Aimery I of Châtellerault names his wife as Dangerosa but says nothing about her parentage. As Peter Stewart pointed out in a post to SGM on 26 Feb 2021, this doesn't add up to proof, although it (Stewart's words) "does seem reasonably likely."

The fact that her Wikipedia article is titled "Dangereuse de l'Isle Bouchard", as if this parentage were an established fact, does Wikipedia no credit.

She was also called La Maubergeonne; Amauberge. The latter may have been her actual baptismal name.

She was mistress to William IX of Aquitaine, father of her son-in-law, in a spectacularly public affair that encompassed papal condemnation and a great deal of other medieval melodrama. The fact that she was Eleanor of Aquitaine's maternal grandmother, and he was Eleanor's paternal grandfather, has only served to add further sizzle to the tale.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 16 Nov 1140

Notes:

Also called Vulgrin; Bougrin; also Taillefer; Rudel. Count of Angoulême.

Wulgrin married Pontia de la Marche. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Ponce de Montgomery.

Notes:

Vicomte de Turenne.

Raymond married Mathilde du Perche. Mathilde (daughter of Geoffrey II du Perche and Beatrix de Montdidier) died on 28 May 1143. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Or Maud du Perche; Mahaut.

As noted in the entry on her father, Ancestral Roots, 8th ed., gives her a birth year of 1105, but in two separate places they claim her father was born in 1100. Obviously this doesn't add up.

Notes:

"The Fat."

Louis married Alix of Savoy, Queen Consort of France in Mar 1115 in Cathedral of Notre Dame, Paris, France. Alix (daughter of Umberto II of Savoy and Gisela of Burgundy) was born about 1092; died on 18 Nov 1154; was buried in Abbey Church of Saint Pierre, Montmartre, Paris, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Adelaide of Maurienne.

Notes:

Complete Peerage's chart on page 317 of volume 4 identifies this Renaud de Courtenay as the father of Reynold de Courtenay who married Hawise and died in 1194, but as far as we can determine, this Renaud and that Reynold's father are different individuals. References: Richardson, Royal Ancestry, volume 2, p. 314, Courtenay line; Richardson, Royal Ancestry, volume 4, page 222, Nevers line; Peter Stewart, post to SGM, 28 Jan 2003. Stewart quotes an early SGM post, from William Addams Reitwiesner on 23 May 2002, summarizing Herbert Furman Seversmith's argument against identifying these two men as a single individual: "First is the chronology, as the English Reginald was born about 1125, while the French Reginald's parents were married around 1095. Second is their personal characters, the French Reginald being a glorified bandit while the English Reginald escaped the notice of any chroniclers, and is known only through charters. Third is their social status, the French Reginald being a nephew of the Count of Odessa and having a daughter who married a son of the King of France (who took her name of Courtenay), while the English Reginald was only the lord of a not very large manor, not a baron, and not even a knight. The fourth is that there is no actual evidence to support the suggestion that they were the same person -- the connection was made by Cleaveland in his 1735 Courtenay genealogy and has been repeated uncritically ever since."

The identity of his wife is not known with certainty.

Notes:

Count of Anjou 1067/1068-1109.

From Wikipedia: The nickname by which he is usually referred has no certain translation. Philologists have made numerous very different suggestions, including "quarreler", "rude", "sullen", "surly" and "heroic".

Fulk married Bertrade de Montfort in 1089, and was divorced about 1092. Bertrade (daughter of Simon I de Montfort l'Aumary and Agnès d'Évreux) was born about 1070; died between 1115 and 1117. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1060
• Alternate death: Abt 1117
• Alternate death: Aft 1117

Notes:

Also called Bertrade de Montfort-l'Amaury.

Notes:

Count of Maine.

Also called Helias; Elias.

Helie married Matilde de Chateau-du-Loir. Matilde (daughter of Gervaise II de Chateau-du-Loir and Eremburge) died before 27 Mar 1099. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 1027

Notes:

Duke of Normandy 1028-1087; King of England 1066-1087.

William married Matilda of Flanders, Queen Consort of England about 1050. Matilda (daughter of Baldwin V and St. Adele of France) was born in 1032; died on 2 Nov 1083; was buried in Abbey of Sainte-Trinitie, Caen, Calvados, Normandy, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 3 Nov 1083

Notes:

She was about four feet tall, probably accounting for the short stature reported of some of her children, notably including Robert "Curthose" and probably including William Rufus as well.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 1031
• Alternate birth: Abt 1031

Notes:

King of the Cumbrians; King of Scots.

Also called Mael Coluim mac Donnchada.

"In 1057 various chroniclers report the death of Macbeth at Malcolm's hand, on 15 August 1057 at Lumphanan in Aberdeenshire." [Wikipedia]

"He defeated and killed Macbeth, King of Scots at Lunfanen, 15 Aug 1057." [Royal Ancestry]

"MALCOLM III, King of Scots, was killed by Morel of Banborough at Alnwick, Northumberland 13 Nov. 1093. He was initially buried at Tyenmouth, but his son, King Alexander I, later removed his body to Dunfermline, Fife." [Royal Ancestry]

Malcolm married St. Margaret of Scotland between 1068 and 1069 in Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland. Margaret (daughter of Eadward "The Exile", Prince of England and Agatha) was born about 1050; died on 16 Nov 1093 in Edinburgh Castle, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland; was buried in Church of the Holy Trinity, Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Margaret of Wessex; Margaret of England.

"Saint Margaret of Scotland (c. 1045 - 16 November 1093), also known as Margaret of Wessex, was an English princess of the House of Wessex. Margaret was sometimes called 'The Pearl of Scotland.' Born in exile in Hungary, she was the sister of Edgar Aetheling, the short-ruling and uncrowned Anglo-Saxon King of England. Margaret and her family returned to England in 1057, but fled to the Kingdom of Scotland following the Norman conquest of England of 1066. Around 1070 Margaret married Malcolm III of Scotland, becoming his queen consort. She was a pious woman, and among many charitable works she established a ferry across the Firth of Forth for pilgrims travelling to Dunfermline Abbey, which gave the towns of South Queensferry and North Queensferry their names. Margaret was the mother of three kings of Scotland and of a queen consort of England. According to the Life of Saint Margaret, attributed to Turgot of Durham, she died at Edinburgh Castle in 1093, just days after receiving the news of her husband's death in battle. In 1250 she was canonised by Pope Innocent IV, and her remains were reinterred in a shrine at Dunfermline Abbey. Her relics were dispersed after the Scottish Reformation and subsequently lost." [Wikipedia]

Notes:

As Count of Poitou, he was called William VI; as Duke of Aquitaine, William VIII. Also Duke of Gascony.

Guy-Geoffrey married Hildegarde of Burgundy in 1069. Hildegarde (daughter of Robert I and Ermengarde of Anjou) was born about 1050; died after 1104. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Duke and Count of Toulouse.

William married Emma of Mortain before 1080. Emma (daughter of Robert de Mortain and Maud de Montgomery) died after 1134. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Ancestral Roots and Richardson's Royal Ancestry have a 54-year spread between their two different death dates for Emma of Mortain.

Notes:

Viscount of Châtellerault.

Boson married Aliénor de Thouars in 1075. Aliénor (daughter of Aimery IV de Thouars and Arengarde de Mauléon) was born about 1050. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called William Taillefer III. Count of Angoulême.

William married Vitapoy de Benauges. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Comte de la Marche.

Roger married Almodis before 1091. Almodis (daughter of Adelbert II and Ponce) died about 1117. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 1092

Notes:

Viscount of Turenne.

Boson married Gerberga. Gerberga died in 1103. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Count of Mortagne & Perche.

Ancestral Roots (8th ed.) seems a bit wobbly on his death date. At 113A:25 it's "Oct 1100"; at 151:23 it's just "1100", but at 153A:24 we see Mathilde du Perche as his daughter and yet born "1105."

Geoffrey married Beatrix de Montdidier. Beatrix (daughter of Hildouin IV de Montdidier and Adele de Roucy) died after 1129. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Beatrice de Ramerupt; de Roucy.

Philippe married Bertha of Holland, Queen Consort of France in 1072. Bertha (daughter of Floris I of Holland and Gertrude of Saxony) was born about 1055; died on 30 Jul 1093 in Montreuil-sur-Mer, Pas-de-Calais, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 1094

Notes:

Called "the Fat." Count of Maurienne, Savoy, and Turin

Umberto married Gisela of Burgundy about 1090. Gisela (daughter of William I "The Great" of Burgundy and Stephanie) was born about 1070; died after 1133. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Marchioness of Montferrat.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Aft 1127

Miles married Elisabeth de Nevers about 1095. Elisabeth (daughter of Renaud II de Nevers and Ita-Raimonde de Lyon) was born before 1070. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]