John, King of England

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 1167

Notes:

Nicknamed "Lackland".

"With regard to the birthdate of John, there have been disagreements as to the exact date and year, because of discrepancies in the sources. This was recently discussed in detail in Lewis (2002), where the conclusion was reached that 1166 was more likely than 1167. A statement in the early thirteenth century that John received that name because he was born about the time of the feast of St. John (27 December) would, if true, indicate that date as a plausible date of birth [Ex chronico anonymi canonici, ut videtur, Laudensis, RHF 13, 678-9]. However, that source only indicates a birth on about that date ('circa festum S. Johannis natus fuit'), not on it." [Stewart Baldwin, The Henry Project]

For at least part of his upbringing, he was raised in the remarkable household of his father Henry II's justiciar Ranulph de Glanville, along with, among others, the Walter brothers, nephews of Glanville's wife Bertha de Valognes. Theobald Walter would become, under John, chief butler of England and Ireland and the founder of enduring lordships in Munster and Leinster. Hubert Walter would become archbishop of Canterbury, Ranulph de Glanville's successor as justiciar of England, and then, in John's kingship, chancellor of England. Also raised and educated in the same household was Geoffrey fitz Peter, who would become John's justiciar.

Family/Spouse: Clemence. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

1. Joan of England was born before 1190; died on 30 Mar 1236; was buried in Llanvaes, Anglesey, Wales.

Family/Spouse: (Unknown daughter of William de Warenne). [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

1. Richard fitz Roy died before 24 Jun 1246.

Family/Spouse: (Unknown mistress of King John). [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

1. Isabel fitz Roy

John married Isabel of Gloucester on 29 Aug 1189 in Marlborough, Wiltshire, England. Isabel (daughter of William fitz Robert and Hawise of Leicester) died on 14 Oct 1217. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

John married Isabel of Angoulême, Queen Consort of England on 24 Aug 1200 in Bordeaux, Gironde, France. Isabel (daughter of Adémar and Alix de Courtenay) died on 31 May 1246; was buried in Fontévrault Abbey, near Chinon, Anjou, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

1. Henry III, King of England was born on 1 Oct 1207 in Winchester Castle, Hampshire, England; died on 16 Nov 1272 in Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, England; was buried in Westminster Abbey, Westminster, Middlesex, England.
2. Richard of Cornwall, King of the Romans was born on 5 Jan 1209 in Winchester Castle, Hampshire, England; died on 2 Apr 1272 in Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire, England; was buried in Hailes Abbey, Gloucestershire, England.
3. Joan of England was born on 22 Jul 1210 in Gloucester, Gloucestershire, England; died on 4 Mar 1238 in York, Yorkshire, England; was buried in Tarrant Keynston Abbey, Tarrant Crawford, Dorset, England.
4. Isabella of England was born in 1214; died on 1 Dec 1241.
5. Eleanor of England was born in 1215; died on 13 Apr 1275 in Montargis Abbey, Loiret, France; was buried on 13 Apr 1275 in Montargis Abbey, Loiret, France.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 4 Mar 1133, Le Mans, Sarthe, Pays-de-la-Loire, France

Notes:

Also called Henry Fitz Empress; Henry Fitz Geoffrey.

Henry married Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen Consort of France; Queen Consort of England on 18 May 1152 in Bordeaux Cathedral, Bordeaux, Gironde, France. Eleanor (daughter of William X of Aquitaine and Aénor de Châtellerault) was born in 1122; died on 1 Apr 1204; was buried in Fontévrault Abbey, near Chinon, Anjou, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1124
• Alternate death: 31 Mar 1204, Poitiers, Vienne, Poitou-Charentes, France

Notes:

Also called Alienor, Helienordis. Duchess of Aquitaine.

Notes:

Count of Anjou.

Also called Geoffrey Plantagenet; Geoffrey "le Bel".

Royal Ancestry, Wikipedia, and most notably the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography all say he married the Empress Matilda in Le Mans. The Henry Project says the wedding took place in Worcester, citing L. C. Bethemann, ed., Roberti de Monte Chronica (a continuation by Robert de Torigni of the chronicle of Sigebert de Gembloux).

Geoffrey married Maud "The Empress" on 22 May 1128 in Le Mans Cathedral, Le Mans, Sarthe, Pays-de-la-Loire, France. Maud (daughter of Henry I, King of England and Matilda of Scotland, Queen Consort of England) was born about 8 Feb 1102 in London, England; died on 10 Sep 1167 in Rouen, Seine-Maritime, Normandy, France; was buried in Abbey of Bec, Eure, Normandy, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 1104

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 28 Mar 1136, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
• Alternate death: 9 Apr 1137

Notes:

Called "The Saint." Duke of Aquitaine. Also, as William VIII, Count of Poitou. Also Duke of Gascony.

William married Aénor de Châtellerault in 1121. Aénor (daughter of Aimery I of Chátellerault and Dangereuse) died after 3 Mar 1130. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Aft Mar 1130

Notes:

Also called Eleanor; Aénor de Rochefoucauld.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 1092
• Alternate death: 13 Nov 1143, Acre, Palestine
• Alternate death: 10 Nov 1144, Jerusalem

Notes:

Count of Anjou 1109-1129; Count of Maine (jure uxoris) 1110-1129.

Fulk married Eremburge de la Flèche in 1110. Eremburge (daughter of Helie de la Flèche and Matilde de Chateau-du-Loir) died in 1126. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Ermengarde of Maine.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Between May and Sep 1068, Selby, Yorkshire, England
• Alternate birth: Between Feb and May 1069, Selby, Yorkshire, England
• Alternate birth: 1068-1069
• Alternate birth: 1068-1069

Notes:

Called "Beauclerc" by later historians, but not during his lifetime.

Died after eating lampreys, which had been forbidden to him by his physician. Body buried at Reading Abbey, England. Entrails buried at Port-du-Salut Abbey, France. The Middle Ages: weird.

Henry married Matilda of Scotland, Queen Consort of England on 11 Nov 1100. Matilda (daughter of Malcolm III Canmore, King of Scotland (Alba) and St. Margaret of Scotland) was born in 1079; died on 1 May 1118 in Westminster, Middlesex, England; was buried in St. Peter's, Westminster, Middlesex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

"Although she is usually called Matilda, she was born with the name Eadgyth (Edith), as Orderic Vitalis notes." [The Henry Project]

From the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography:

Reared at Romsey Abbey in Hampshire but never having taken religious vows, Matilda was the orphaned daughter of Malcolm III (Canmore), king of Scots (d. 1093), and his celebrated queen, the saintly Margaret (d. 1093), and, through Margaret, a direct descendant of Edmund Ironside and the West Saxon kings. Matilda's marriage to Henry would thus have pleased both Scots and Anglo-Saxons. More importantly, however, it reinforced Henry's claim to the throne by providing his children with a direct hereditary link to the old English royal line. The blood of both Alfred and William the Conqueror would flow through them. By an odd chain of circumstances, Matilda was also the god-daughter of Henry's brother, Duke Robert Curthose. [...]

She became a widely admired queen, presiding competently as regent over England during Henry's frequent sojourns in Normandy and, through her patronage, making the English royal court a centre for writers and musicians. She commissioned the writing of a history of England by the monks of Malmesbury Abbey, for example, and thus became a benefactor of the great historian William of Malmesbury. She may also have given her patronage to the unknown writer who produced the first major poem to be written in Anglo-Norman French, the Voyage of St Brendan. Moreover, as a spiritual disciple of Anselm, Matilda used her close relationships with both the archbishop and her royal husband to intervene with some effect in the complex negotiations over lay investiture. The impression conveyed by her letters is that while her love of Anselm was deep and genuine, it was exceeded by her devotion to her husband and his policies.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 10 Feb 1127

Notes:

Also called Guilhèm de Peitieus; Guillaume de Poitiers. Duke of Aquitaine; also, as William VII, Count of Poitou. A leader of the Crusade of 1101, he is much more famous as the first troubador poet whose work has survived.

"Ab la dolcher del temps novel"
By William IX, Duke of Aquitaine

Out of the sweetness of the spring,
The branches leaf, the small birds sing,
Each one chanting in its own speech,
Forming the verse of its new song,
Then is it good a man should reach
For that for which he most does long.

From finest sweetest place I see
No messenger, no word for me,
So my heart can't laugh or rest,
And I don't dare try my hand,
Until I know, and can attest,
That all things are as I demand.

This love of ours it seems to be
Like a twig on a hawthorn tree
That on the tree trembles there
All night, in rain and frost it grieves,
Till morning, when the rays appear
Among the branches and the leaves.

So the memory of that dawn to me
When we ended our hostility,
And a most precious gift she gave,
Her loving friendship and her ring:
Let me live long enough, I pray,
Beneath her cloak my hand to bring.

I've no fear that tongues too free
Might part me from Sweet Company,
I know with words how they can stray
In gossip, yet that's a fact of life:
No matter if others boast of love,
We have the loaf, we have the knife!

Translated by A. S. Kline. © 2009; All Rights Reserved. This work may be freely reproduced, stored, and transmitted, electronically or otherwise, for any non-commercial purpose.

"For any of the later Provençals, i.e., the high-brows, we have to...'put ourselves into the Twelfth Century' etc. Guillaume, writing a century earlier, is just as much of our age as of his own."
[Ezra Pound, The Spirit of Romance]

And Poictiers, you know, Guillaume Poictiers,
had brought the song up out of Spain
with the singers and viels...
[Ezra Pound, Canto VIII]

He is also remembered for his specularly public affair with a woman named Dangereuse, the wife of his vassal Aimery I of Châtellerault. Aside from its interest as pure medieval melodrama, he was the paternal grandfather of Eleanor of Aquitaine, and Dangereuse was Eleanor's maternal grandmother.

William married Philippa of Toulouse in 1094. Philippa (daughter of William IV of Toulouse and Emma of Mortain) died on 28 Nov 1117. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 28 Nov 1118, Fontévrault Abbey, near Chinon, Anjou, France

Notes:

Also called Mathilda; Maud. Regent of Toulouse.

Ancestral Roots and other sources to the contrary, she was probably never married to Sancho V Ramirez (1043-94), king of Aragon. Wikipedia's article on Philippa of Toulouse cites two sources to this effect:

"Szabolcs de Vajay, 'Ramire II le Moine, roi d'Aragon et Agnes de Poitou dans l'histoire et la légende', in Me?langes offerts a? Rene? Crozet, 2 vol, Poitiers, 1966, vol 2, p 727-750; and Ruth E Harvey, 'The wives of the first troubadour Duke William IX of Aquitaine', in Journal of Medieval History, vol 19, 1993, p 315. Harvey states that, contrary to prior assumptions, William IX was certainly Philippa of Toulouse's only husband. Vajay states that the marriage to an unnamed king of Aragon reported by a non-contemporary chronicler is imaginary even though it has appeared broadly in modern histories, and likewise he cites J de Salarrullana de Dios, Documentos correspondientes al reinado de Sancho Ramirez, Saragossa, 1907, vol I, nr 51, p 204-207 to document that Sancho's wife Felicie was clearly still married to him just months before his death, making the marriage to Philippa several years earlier, as reported in several modern popular biographies of her granddaughter, completely unsupportable."

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Bef 7 Nov 1144, Notre-Dame de Noyers monastery, Nouâtre, Indre-et-Loire, France
• Alternate death: 1151

Notes:

Also called Almeric. Viscount of Chatellerault. Died as a monk.

Aimery married Dangereuse. Dangereuse was born about 1079; died after 1119. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

In 1903 Alfred Richard proposed that the Dangereuse who was wife to Aymeric I of Châtellerault was the Dangerosa who occurs as a daughter of Barthelemy de l'Isle-Bouchard and his wife Gerberge in a charter ascribed by its editor to roughly 1087. In a charter dated 1109, Aimery I of Châtellerault names his wife as Dangerosa but says nothing about her parentage. As Peter Stewart pointed out in a post to SGM on 26 Feb 2021, this doesn't add up to proof, although it (Stewart's words) "does seem reasonably likely."

The fact that her Wikipedia article is titled "Dangereuse de l'Isle Bouchard", as if this parentage were an established fact, does Wikipedia no credit.

She was also called La Maubergeonne; Amauberge. The latter may have been her actual baptismal name.

She was mistress to William IX of Aquitaine, father of her son-in-law, in a spectacularly public affair that encompassed papal condemnation and a great deal of other medieval melodrama. The fact that she was Eleanor of Aquitaine's maternal grandmother, and he was Eleanor's paternal grandfather, has only served to add further sizzle to the tale.

Notes:

Count of Anjou 1067/1068-1109.

From Wikipedia: The nickname by which he is usually referred has no certain translation. Philologists have made numerous very different suggestions, including "quarreler", "rude", "sullen", "surly" and "heroic".

Fulk married Bertrade de Montfort in 1089, and was divorced about 1092. Bertrade (daughter of Simon I de Montfort l'Aumary and Agnès d'Évreux) was born about 1070; died between 1115 and 1117. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1060
• Alternate death: Abt 1117
• Alternate death: Aft 1117

Notes:

Also called Bertrade de Montfort-l'Amaury.

Notes:

Count of Maine.

Also called Helias; Elias.

Helie married Matilde de Chateau-du-Loir. Matilde (daughter of Gervaise II de Chateau-du-Loir and Eremburge) died before 27 Mar 1099. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 1027

Notes:

Duke of Normandy 1028-1087; King of England 1066-1087.

William married Matilda of Flanders, Queen Consort of England about 1050. Matilda (daughter of Baldwin V and St. Adele of France) was born in 1032; died on 2 Nov 1083; was buried in Abbey of Sainte-Trinitie, Caen, Calvados, Normandy, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 3 Nov 1083

Notes:

She was about four feet tall, probably accounting for the short stature reported of some of her children, notably including Robert "Curthose" and probably including William Rufus as well.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 1031
• Alternate birth: Abt 1031

Notes:

King of the Cumbrians; King of Scots.

Also called Mael Coluim mac Donnchada.

"In 1057 various chroniclers report the death of Macbeth at Malcolm's hand, on 15 August 1057 at Lumphanan in Aberdeenshire." [Wikipedia]

"He defeated and killed Macbeth, King of Scots at Lunfanen, 15 Aug 1057." [Royal Ancestry]

"MALCOLM III, King of Scots, was killed by Morel of Banborough at Alnwick, Northumberland 13 Nov. 1093. He was initially buried at Tyenmouth, but his son, King Alexander I, later removed his body to Dunfermline, Fife." [Royal Ancestry]

Malcolm married St. Margaret of Scotland between 1068 and 1069 in Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland. Margaret (daughter of Eadward "The Exile", Prince of England and Agatha) was born about 1050; died on 16 Nov 1093 in Edinburgh Castle, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland; was buried in Church of the Holy Trinity, Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Margaret of Wessex; Margaret of England.

"Saint Margaret of Scotland (c. 1045 - 16 November 1093), also known as Margaret of Wessex, was an English princess of the House of Wessex. Margaret was sometimes called 'The Pearl of Scotland.' Born in exile in Hungary, she was the sister of Edgar Aetheling, the short-ruling and uncrowned Anglo-Saxon King of England. Margaret and her family returned to England in 1057, but fled to the Kingdom of Scotland following the Norman conquest of England of 1066. Around 1070 Margaret married Malcolm III of Scotland, becoming his queen consort. She was a pious woman, and among many charitable works she established a ferry across the Firth of Forth for pilgrims travelling to Dunfermline Abbey, which gave the towns of South Queensferry and North Queensferry their names. Margaret was the mother of three kings of Scotland and of a queen consort of England. According to the Life of Saint Margaret, attributed to Turgot of Durham, she died at Edinburgh Castle in 1093, just days after receiving the news of her husband's death in battle. In 1250 she was canonised by Pope Innocent IV, and her remains were reinterred in a shrine at Dunfermline Abbey. Her relics were dispersed after the Scottish Reformation and subsequently lost." [Wikipedia]

Notes:

As Count of Poitou, he was called William VI; as Duke of Aquitaine, William VIII. Also Duke of Gascony.

Guy-Geoffrey married Hildegarde of Burgundy in 1069. Hildegarde (daughter of Robert I and Ermengarde of Anjou) was born about 1050; died after 1104. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Duke and Count of Toulouse.

William married Emma of Mortain before 1080. Emma (daughter of Robert de Mortain and Maud de Montgomery) died after 1134. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Ancestral Roots and Richardson's Royal Ancestry have a 54-year spread between their two different death dates for Emma of Mortain.

Notes:

Viscount of Châtellerault.

Boson married Aliénor de Thouars in 1075. Aliénor (daughter of Aimery IV de Thouars and Arengarde de Mauléon) was born about 1050. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 1046

Notes:

Count of Gatinais, from aft 1028 to 1042-1045.

May have died on 30 April of 1042, 1043, 1044, or 1045. [The Henry Project]

Geoffroy married Ermengarde of Anjou. Ermengarde (daughter of Foulques III "Nerra" and Hildegarde de Lorraine) was born about 1018; died on 18 Mar 1076. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 21 Mar 1076

Notes:

Also called Ermengarde-Blanche.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Aft 1086

Simon married Agnès d'Évreux. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Jean de Baugency; Johannes de Fissa.

Jean married Paula. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

According to the Henry Project, she was possibly a daughter of Herbert I (d. 1032x5), count of Maine, or (less likely) Hugues IV (d. ~1051), also count of Maine.

Gervaise married Eremburge. Eremburge (daughter of Mathilde) died between 1086 and 1097. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 1035
• Alternate death: 22 Jul 1035

Notes:

"The Devil." Duke of Normandy.

Robert married Herleve. Herleve was born about 1003; died about 1050; was buried in Grestain Abbey, Fatouville-Grestain, Normandy, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Aft 1051

Notes:

Also called Arlette. Also called Herleve "de Falaise", this predicated on the belief that she was the daughter of a tanner or forester named Fulbert from the town of Falaise.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Bef 1012
• Alternate birth: 1012

Notes:

Count/Marquess of Flanders 1035-1067; Regent of France 1060-1067.

Also known as Baudouin de Flandre, Baldwin "De l'Isle"; Baldwin of Lille; Balduinus Insulanus; Balduinus Pius.

Baldwin married St. Adele of France in 1028 in Paris, France. Adele (daughter of Robert II, King of France and Constance of Provence, Queen Consort of France) was born between 1010 and 1015; died on 8 Jan 1079; was buried in Abbey of Messines, Ypres, Flanders. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1003
• Alternate birth: Abt 1009, Ypres, Flanders
• Alternate death: Abt 1063

Notes:

Also called Adela; Aelis; Alais; Adelaide; Adelheid; Alix; Adela the Holy; Adela of Messines. Countess of Auxerre; Countess of Cotentin.

Notes:

Also called Donnchad I mac Crinain; "An t-Ilgarach" ("The Diseased" or "The Sick").

Murdered by Macbeth. Bothirgouane, Bothgouanan is now called Pitgaveny.

Duncan married Suthen. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Called by Richardson merely an unnamed "cousin of Siward, Earl of Northumberland" and by Ancestral Roots "a dau. of Siward, Danish Earl of Northumbria". Stewart Baldwin's coverage at the Henry Project is here; he notes that "[t]he name of Suthen is known only from an interlined addition to a king list contained in an early fourteenth century manuscript." The name "Suthen" is Gaelic; as Baldwin observes, "if the name is correct, it would call into question the suggestion that Suthen was a relative of Siward."

Eadward married Agatha. Agatha was born between 1015 and 1035; died after 1067. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Probably the single most argued-over figure in medieval genealogy.

Notes:

Count of Poitou. Duke of Aquitaine.

William married Agnes of Burgundy. Agnes (daughter of Otto-William of Burgundy and Ermentrude de Roucy) was born about 995; died on 10 Nov 1068; was buried in Abbey of St. Nicolas de Poitiers, Vienne, Poitou-Charentes, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Agnes de Macon. Duchess of Aquitaine.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 21 May 1076

Notes:

"The Old." Duke of Burgundy.

"In 1025, with the death of his eldest brother Hugh Magnus, he and Henry rebelled against their father and defeated him, forcing him back to Paris. In 1031, after the death of his father the king, Robert participated in a rebellion against his brother, in which he was supported by his mother, Constance of Arles. Peace was only achieved when Robert was given Burgundy (1032). Throughout his reign, he was little more than a robber baron who had no control over his own vassals, whose estates he often plundered, especially those of the Church. He seized the income of the diocese of Autun and the wine of the canons of Dijon. He burgled the abbey of St-Germain at Auxerre. In 1055, he repudiated his wife, Helie of Semur, and assassinated her brother Joceran and murdered her father, his father-in-law, Lord Dalmace I of Semur, with his own hands. In that same year, the bishop of Langres, Harduoin, refused to dedicate the church of Sennecy so as not "to be exposed to the violence of the duke." [Wikipedia]

Robert married Ermengarde of Anjou about 1048. Ermengarde (daughter of Foulques III "Nerra" and Hildegarde de Lorraine) was born about 1018; died on 18 Mar 1076. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 21 Mar 1076

Notes:

Also called Ermengarde-Blanche.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 991

Notes:

Count of Toulouse.

Pons married Almodis de La Marche about 1040, and was divorced after 1053. Almodis (daughter of Bernard I and Amelie) was born about 1010; died on 16 Oct 1071. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1020

Notes:

Married Hugh V of Lusignan around 1038. After three children, he divorced her "due to consanguinity" and arranged for her to marry Pons of Toulouse. She had several children by Pons and was still married to him in 1053 when she was abducted by Ramon Berenguer I, Count of Barcelona, who kidnapped her from Narbonne with help from his ally, the Muslim emir of Tortosa. Ramon married her immediately and set about getting her with children. Pope Victor II excommunicated them both, but the writ was rescinded in 1056.

From Wikipedia:

Almodis maintained contact with her former husbands and many children, and in 1066/1067 she traveled to Toulouse for her daughter's wedding [Almodis, who married Count Pierre of Melgueil]. A few years before, in 1060, [her first husband] Hugh V of Lusignan had revolted against his lord, Duke William VIII of Aquitaine, in support of Almodis' son [by her second husband] William IV of Toulouse.* Her sons supported one another in military campaigns; Hugh VI of Lusignan [by her first husband], Raymond IV of Toulouse [by her second], and Berenguer Ramon [by her third] all took the Cross.

*****

She was murdered in October 1071 by one Pere-Ramon who had been Ramon Berenguer's heir before Ramon married her. Wikipedia: "He was disinherited and exiled for his crime, and fled the country. When his father died in 1076, Barcelona was split between Berenguer Ramon and Ramon Berenguer, Almodis' sons. The family history of murder did not end with Pedro Ramon, as Berenguer Ramon earned his nickname 'The Fratricide' when he killed his own twin brother."

*****

* See her first husband Hugh V's entry: she seems to have persuaded him to enter the fray on behalf of her son by husband #2, and he lost his life by so doing.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1040, of Mortain, Manche, Basse-Normandie, France

Notes:

Earl of Cornwall. Count of Mortain. Also called Robert de Mortaigne.

One of the five additional persons agreed upon by both David C. Douglas and Geoffrey H. White, and recorded in Complete Peerage XII/1 appendix L, as companions of the Conqueror at Hastings, in addition to the fifteen "proven Companions".

Robert married Maud de Montgomery before 1066. Maud (daughter of Roger de Montgomery and Mabel de Bellême) died between 1082 and 1084; was buried in Grestain Abbey, Fatouville-Grestain, Normandy, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 21 Sep 1082

Notes:

Vicomte De Chatellerault.

Hugues married Gerberge de la Rouchefoucald. Gerberge (daughter of Foucauld I de la Roche and Gersinde) was born in 1012 in La Rouchefoucald, Charente, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 1030
• Alternate death: Between 1093 and 1094

Notes:

Viscount de Thouars. One of the fifteen proven companions of the Conqueror at Hastings.

"Early in 1090, he made war on Pierre de Mortagne and took his castle. The Viscount of Thouars was assassinated by two of his own knights in 1093." [Wikipedia]

Aimery married Arengarde de Mauléon. Arengarde was born about 1030. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Hugues married Béatrix de Mâcon. Béatrix (daughter of Aubry II and Ermentrude de Roucy) died after 1028. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

"The Black." Count of Anjou.

Died while returning from a pilgrimage to Jerusalem.

Foulques married Hildegarde de Lorraine after 1000. Hildegarde died on 1 Apr 1040 in Jerusalem. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 1 Apr 1046, Jerusalem

Aumary married Bertrade. Bertrade died after 11 Apr 1052. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Bertrade de Gometz.

Notes:

Count of Évreux.

Richard married Godehildis. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Lancelin; Lancelino de Balgentiaco; Lancelin de Balgenziaco.

Robert married Elisabeth. Elisabeth died between 1095 and 1097. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 28 Aug 1026
• Alternate death: 1027
• Alternate death: 23 Aug 1027

Notes:

Duke of Normandy.

Richard married Judith of Brittany about 1000. Judith (daughter of Conan I "Le Tort" and Ermengarde of Anjou) was born in 982; died on 28 Jun 1017; was buried in Bernay Abbey, Bernay, Normandy, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 16 Jun 1017

Notes:

Also called Judith de Rennes. Founded the abbey of Bernay, Normandy.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Between 980 and 985
• Alternate death: 30 May 1035
• Alternate death: 1037

Notes:

Count of Valenciennes 1007. Count/Marquess of Flanders 987/988-1035.

Also called Baudouin IV le Barbu, Balduinus Barbatus.

Excommunicated in 987 for having abandoned his wife.

Baldwin married Otgiva of Luxembourg about 1005. Otgiva (daughter of Giselbert) was born about 995; died on 21 Feb 1030. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 21 Feb 1036

Notes:

She may have been instead the daughter of Frederick, brother to the Giselbert shown as her father here -- in which case her ancestry would be the same except for the immediately preceding generation. Stewart Baldwin discusses the issue here.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 27 Mar 971, Orléans, Loiret, France
• Alternate birth: 27 Mar 972, Orléans, Loiret, France

Notes:

Called "The Pious."

Robert married Constance of Provence, Queen Consort of France about May 1004. Constance (daughter of Guillaume I "le Liberateur" and Adelaide-Blanche of Anjou) was born between 985-990; died on 22 Jul 1034 in Melun, Seine-et-Marne, Île-de-France, France; was buried in Abbey of Saint-Denis, Saint-Denis, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 986
• Alternate death: 25 Jul 1032, Château Melun, Seine-et-Marne, Île-de-France, France

Notes:

Also called Constance de Toulouse; Constance of Arles.

"Queen Constance was not someone to be caught with down a dark alley, or even a well-lit street -- she was a violent termagant who once poked out a priest's eye with a stick when undertaking crowd control at a heresy trial. She fomented war between her sons over the succession after Robert II's death." [Peter Stewart, SGM, 3 Jun 2022]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 978

Notes:

Also called Cronan. Lay-abbot of Dunkeld (Dun Caillen).

Killed in battle against Macbeth, who (in 1040) had slain his son Duncan.

Crinan married Bethoc of Scotland about 1005. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Beatrice, Bethóc ingen Maíl Coluim meic Cináeda.

Eadmund married Ealdgyth, Queen Consort of England in 1015. Ealdgyth was born in 992; died after 1016. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 992
• Alternate death: Aft 1016

Notes:

Called "Fierebras," "Iron-Arm." Count of Poitou.

William married Emma of Blois in 968. Emma (daughter of Thibaut I of Blois and Luitgarde de Vermandois) was born in 950; died about 1003. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Buried: 21 Sep 1027, Dijon Cathedral, Dijon, Côte-d'Or, Burgundy, France

Notes:

Count of Burgundy.

Also called Othon Guillaume.

Otto-William married Ermentrude de Roucy. Ermentrude (daughter of Renaud I and Alberade de Lorraine) was born about 950; died on 5 Mar 1002. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 5 Mar 1003
• Alternate death: 5 Mar 1004
• Alternate death: 1005

Notes:

Guillaume III; Taillefer; Tallefer; Tallifer. Count of Toulouse.

William married Emma of Provence. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Mentioned 1006.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 1047

Notes:

Comte de la Marche and Périgord.

Bernard married Amelie. Amelie was born about 985; died in 1072. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Ainal. She is shown in various sources as of the families d'Angoulême, de Montignac, or d'Aulnay, but her parentage is unknown.

Herluin married Herleve about 1030. Herleve was born about 1003; died about 1050; was buried in Grestain Abbey, Fatouville-Grestain, Normandy, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Aft 1051

Notes:

Also called Arlette. Also called Herleve "de Falaise", this predicated on the belief that she was the daughter of a tanner or forester named Fulbert from the town of Falaise.

Notes:

Earl of Shrewsbury. Also styled, variously, as Earl of Arundel, of Chichester, of Sussex, and of Shropshire. Regent in Normandy during the Conquest. A loyal servant to the dukes of Normandy, he became an important administrator in post-Conquest England and Wales, and (following the disgrace of bishop Odo) the richest of William's tenants-in-chief. The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography points out that "Alone of all the Conqueror's vassals, Roger de Montgomery gave his name to a British county, appropriately in Wales." He died as a monk.

Roger married Mabel de Bellême about 1050. Mabel (daughter of William I Talvas and Hildeburg) died in Dec 1077 in Bures-sur-Dives, Normandy, France; was buried in Troarn, Calvados, Normandy, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 2 Dec 1079

Notes:

Also called Mabel Talvas; Dame de Alencon, de Seez, and Belleme; Countess of Shrewsbury and Lady of Arundel.

From the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography:

Earl Roger's first wife, Mabel de Bellême, has been depicted unforgettably for posterity by Orderic Vitalis, though that historian never saw her. He describes her as 'a forceful and worldly woman, cunning, garrulous, and extremely cruel', 'a perfidious woman', and 'a cruel woman, who had shed the blood of many and had forcibly disinherited many lords'; and he recounts several stories to her discredit related to him by colleagues at St Evroult. Whatever allowances can be made for Mabel there must have been something particularly aggressive and brutal about her for four of her vassals to ride at night into her castle at Bures [-sur-Dives] and cut off her head as she lay in bed after a bath. Her murderer Hugh Bunel was among those whom she had disinherited and was never caught. The date of the murder must be December 1077, not 1082 as long accepted from a marginal note in the editio princeps of Orderic. There is evidence that Mabel, like a very few other baronial wives, was a tenant-in-chief in England, but no evidence that she ever visited that land or the Montgomery estates there.

Notes:

Vicomte de Chatellerault.

Boson married Amélie. Amélie was born about 970. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 982
• Alternate death: 1037

Notes:

Seigneur de la Roche.

Foucauld married Gersinde. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Jarsende. Mentioned 1026.

Notes:

Vicomte de Thouars.

Geoffrey married Aénor. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Mentioned 1028.