James II, King of Scots

Notes:

Killed at the siege of Roxburgh Castle when one of the large cannons he had imported from Flanders, nicknamed "The Lion," exploded next to him.

"[V]igorous and successful in his personal reign, popular with the people but not with the great nobles, suppressed the Black Douglas." [The Ancestry of Charles II, King of England (citation details below)]

James married Mary of Guelders on 3 Jul 1449 in Holyrood, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. Mary (daughter of Arnold van Egmond and Katherina of Kleve) was born on 17 Jan 1433 in Grave, Brabant, Netherlands; died on 1 Dec 1463 in Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland; was buried in Church of the Holy Trinity, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

1. Mary Stewart was born before 15 Jun 1451; died in May 1488.
2. James III, King of Scots was born on 26 May 1452 in Castle of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, Scotland; died on 11 Jun 1488 in Sauchieburn, near Stirling, Stirlingshire, Scotland; was buried in Cambuskenneth Abbey, Stirlingshire, Scotland.

Notes:

"[I]n captivity in England nineteen years, stern, severe but just, strengthened the Crown against the nobility and attempted to reform the Church and to establish the king's law throughout the country, skilled in music and poetry, murdered by rebels who sought to displace his line with that of the descendants of Robert II by his second wife." [The Ancestry of Charles II, King of England (citation details below)]

James married Joan Beaufort on 12 Feb 1424 in St. Mary Overy's, Southwark, Surrey, England. Joan (daughter of John Beaufort and Margaret Holand) died on 15 Jul 1445 in Dunbar, East Lothian, Scotland; was buried in Perth, Perthshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

“[S]trong-minded, intelligent, and bloody avenger of her first husband King James I, briefly regent.” [The Ancestry of Charles II, King of England (citation details below)]

Notes:

Magna Carta Ancestry (citation details below) says "2 (or 13) Feb. 1423/4".

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1337

Notes:

"[N]amed John at birth, Earl of Carrick and Steward of Scotland prior to his accession, called 'Robert John Fernyear,' legitimated by papal dispensation, declared heir to the Crown by Parliament 27 Mar 1371, dignified and courteous but lame and infirm, considered by the three estates unable to govern or to control transgressors, he delegated power in January 1399 to his son and brother." [The Ancestry of Charles II, King of England (citation details below)]

Robert married Annabella Drummond between 13 Mar 1366 and 31 May 1367. Annabella (daughter of John Drummond and Mary Montfichet) was born about 1350; died in 1401 in Scone, Perthshire, Scotland; was buried in Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

"[A]n able and resolute woman, corresponded with King Richard II of England, presided in 1398 over a great tournament at Edinburgh." [The Ancestry of Charles II, King of England (citation details below)]

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1st Earl of Somerset. "[A] crusader, created Earl 1396/7 the day following his legitimation, a Lord appellant against the Duke of Gloucester, Admiral of the Fleet, Constable of Dover Castle and Warden of the Cinque Ports, Chamberlain and Constable of England, Captain of Calais, etc., in favor with King Henry IV, received the forfeited estates of Owen Glendower." [The Ancestry of Charles II, King of England (citation details below)]

John married Margaret Holand before 28 Sep 1397. Margaret (daughter of Thomas de Holland and Alice Fitz Alan) died on 31 Dec 1439 in Bermondsey, Surrey, England; was buried in Canterbury Cathedral, Canterbury, Kent, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

"[H]eir apparent to the Scottish throne for almost half a century (1318-24 and 1329-71), he reigned himself for nineteen years, led the defense against the English during King David II's exile and imprisonment, his active life was behind him when he ascended the throne, and during his last years the kingdom was administered by his sons." [The Ancestry of Charles II, King of England (citation details below)]

Robert married Elizabeth More after 22 Nov 1347. Elizabeth (daughter of Adam More and Joanna Cunningham) died before 1355; was buried in Church of the Blackfriars, Perth, Perthshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Elizabeth Mure.

"Lived with her husband before marriage, the dispensation by Pope Clement VI stating that they had 'many children of both sexes ... fair to behold,' among whom was the future Robert III, born some ten years earlier." [The Ancestry of Charles II, King of England (citation details below)]

Notes:

Date of the very belated dispensation.

Notes:

"[E]nded a blood-feud with the Menteiths in 1360, giving up lands in the Lennox as compensation to the Menteiths." [The Ancestry of Charles II, King of England (citation details below)]

John married Mary Montfichet. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

"[A]n heiress who brought her husband the lands of Auchterarder and Cargill, co. Perth, and Kincardine, co. Stirling." [The Ancestry of Charles II, King of England (citation details below)]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 3 Feb 1399, Leicester Castle, Leicestershire, England

Notes:

Duke of Lancaster. 527 other titles. Richest European individual of his day.

By his first wife, he was a great-great grandfather to Isabelle of Castile; by his second wife, he was a great-grandfather to her. And the parents of the Spanish wife of his retainer Walter Blount were GX3-grandparents to Ferdinand I.

"John [was] born in Ghent during the king's absence in March (Edward had left for England in February). The birth happened at the abbey of St Bavo because that is where the pregnant queen lodged from her arrival. The precise date 6 March is not certain." [Peter Stewart, 21 Nov 2021]

"John's baptism presumably took place in Ghent shortly after the sea battle on 24 June 1340 -- Edward landed at Sluys and rode on to Ghent after sending news of the victory to his allies including Jean III of Brabant and supporters including Jacob van Artevelde at Thun-l'Évêque near Cambrai. Jean of Brabant was the godfather after whom John of Gaunt was named, and he held him at the font according to Froissart. An early-15th-century chronicle written at Saint-Denis claims that Jakob van Artevelde was the boy's godfather and held him at the font, but it is scarcely plausible that a burgess of Ghent was chosen as godfather to an English prince, or that if this actually happened it would not have been widely reported as a very extraordinary incident." [Peter Stewart, 21 Nov 2021]

John married Catherine de Roet in Jan 1396 in Lincoln Cathedral, Lincoln, Lincolnshire, England. Catherine (daughter of Payne de Roet) was born about 1350; died on 10 May 1403 in Lincoln, Lincolnshire, England; was buried in Angel Choir, Lincoln Cathedral, Lincoln, Lincolnshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Frequently called Katherine or Catherine Swynford, after her first marriage to Hugh Swynford, even in the context of her subsequent marriage to John of Gaunt.

Notes:

Earl of Kent. “[F]ought in Spain with the Black Prince and in France and Scotland, Marshal of England 1379-85, ambassador for Richard II, over whom he is said to have exerted an evil influence for his personal gain, had custody of the castles of Calais and of the Tower, hereditary Constable of Corfe Castle.” [The Ancestry of Charles II, King of England (citation details below)]

Thomas married Alice Fitz Alan after 10 Apr 1364. Alice (daughter of Richard Fitz Alan and Eleanor of Lancaster) died on 17 Mar 1416. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Alice Arundel. Constable of Corfe Castle, along with her husband.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 1292
• Alternate birth: 1296
• Alternate death: 9 Apr 1326

Notes:

Also called Walter fitz James. Sixth Steward of Scotland.

"[K]nighted before the battle of Bannockburn (1314, during which he nominally commanded a division of the Scottish army, regent of Scotland during the king's absence in Ireland." [The Ancestry of Charles II, King of England (citation details below)]

Walter married Marjory Bruce after 25 Apr 1315. Marjory (daughter of Robert de Brus, King of Scotland and Isabel of Mar) died in Oct 1317; was buried in Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Died "during her second pregnancy from a fall from a horse. In her issue heiress to Scotland." [The Ancestry of Charles II, King of England (citation details below)]

Notes:

Also called Adam Mure. Described by the ODNB as "an Ayrshire landowner."

According to The Ancestry of Charles II, King of England (citation details below), he "likely" fought at Bannockburn and "probably" died 19 Jul 1333 at the battle of Halidon Hill.

"He is invariably referred to as Sir Adam Mure of Rowallan, but this style is doubly erroneous since (1) Sir Adam never takes a territorial designation in any known document and (2) Rowallan was acquired after his death by the marriage (after 1341) of his son and heir Adam to 'Isabella,' the heiress (presumably daughter) of Sir Walter Comyn of Rowallan, slain at Annan, 17 Dec. 1332." [The Ancestry of Charles II, King of England (citation details below)]

Adam married Joanna Cunningham between 1315 and 1316. Joanna was born about 1295; died after Jul 1333. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

"Sir Malcolm was either slain at the battle of Durham, anno 1346, or died immediately thereafter." [The Peerage of Scotland, citation details below]

Notes:

Justiciar of Scotland.

Edward married Philippa of Hainault, Queen Consort of England on 24 Jan 1328 in York Cathedral, York, Yorkshire, England. Philippa (daughter of William III of Hainault and Jeanne de Valois) was born about 1314; died on 15 Aug 1359 in Windsor, Berkshire, England; was buried in Westminster Abbey, Westminster, Middlesex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Genealogist Martin Hollick has pointed out that the marriage of Edward III and Philippa of Hainault marks the point at which descent from William the Conqueror was united with descent from Harold Godwinson, who lost to William at Hastings in 1066:

Harold II Godwinson, King of England (~1022-1066) = Ealdgyth of Mercia (d. >1066)
Gytha of Wessex = Vladimir II Monomakh, Grand Prince of Kiev (1053-1125)
Mstislav I, Grand Prince of Kiev (1076-1132) = Ljubawa Dimitriewna Sawiditsch (d. 1167)
Euphrosine of Kiev (~1130-1186) = Geisa II, King of Hungary, Croatia, Dalmatia, and Rama (1130-1161)
Béla III, King of Hungary, Croatia, Dalmatia, and Rama (~1148-1196) = Anna de Châtillon (1154-1184)
András II, King of Hungary (1176-1235) = Yolanda of Courtenay (~1200-1233)
Violant of Hungary (d. 1251) = James I, King of Aragón (1208-1276)
Isabella of Aragón (d. 1271) = Philippe III, King of France (1245-1285)
Charles of France (1270-1325) = Margaret of Anjou (1272-1299)
Jeanne de Valois (~1294-1342) = William III of Hainault) (~1286-1337)
Philippa of Hainault (~1314-1359)

Notes:

Also called Gilles. Also called Paonet de Roet, de Ruet, de Roelt.

"[A] knight of Hainault who travelled to England in the service of Philippa, queen of Edward III, and subsequently rose to be Guyenne king of arms." [Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 28 Dec 1360, Normandy, France

Notes:

Earl of Kent. "[A]n original Knight of the Garter, took the Comte d'Eu prisoner at the capture of Caen, fought at Crécy 1346 in the Black Prince's division, royal lieutenant in Brittany and later in Normandy, summoned to Parliament 1360 in right of his wife as Earl of Kent." [The Ancestry of Charles II, King of England (citation details below)]

Thomas married Joan of Kent in 1340. Joan (daughter of Edmund of Woodstock and Margaret Wake) was born about 1328; died on 8 Aug 1385 in Wallingford Castle, Berkshire, England; was buried in Church of the Grey Friars, Stamford, Lincolnshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

The "Fair Maid of Kent."

Notes:

"Steward of Scotland, 1326-1336; Justice of North Wales, 1334-1376; Sheriff of Carnarvonshire 1339-1343, 1346-1347; Admiral of the West, 1340-1341 and 1345-1347; Sheriff of Shropshire, 1345-1376; commanded the 2nd division at the battle of Crécy, 26 Aug 1346, and was at the fall of Calais, 1347; assumed the title of Earl of Surrey, 1361, upon the death of his maternal aunt, Joan, widow of John de Warenne, Earl of Surrey." [The Ancestry of Dorothea Poyntz, citation details below.]

Called "Copped Hat."

A pair of memorial effigies depicting Richard Fitz Alan and his second wife Eleanor of Lancaster can be seen at Chichester Cathedral. They lie side by side, a lion at his feet and a dog at hers. In a note of tenderness that makes one wonder if the sculptor knew the couple, he has his right hand ungloved, and her right hand rests lightly upon his.

These effigies were celebrated in 1956 by Philip Larkin in his poem "An Arundel Tomb," the last lines of which are quoted on Larkin's own Poet's Corner memorial stone in Westminster Abbey.

Richard married Eleanor of Lancaster on 5 Apr 1345. Eleanor (daughter of Henry of Lancaster and Maud de Chaworth) was born about 1318; died on 11 Jan 1372 in Arundel, Sussex, England; was buried in Lewes Priory, Sussex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

In 1341 she was granted £100 yearly for life in consideration of her long attendance on Queen Philippe. She was also granted license to have one course with greyhounds any time she passed through the King's English forests, parks, and warrens, and to carry away any deer taken at that course.

Notes:

Also called James fitz Alexander. 5th Steward of Scotland.

James married Giles de Burgh. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Egidia de Burgh; Jill de Burgh.

Robert married Isabel of Mar about 1295. Isabel (daughter of Donald of Mar and Ellen) died before 1302. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Said variously to have died around the time of the Battle of Neville's Cross (17 Oct 1346; also called the Battle of Durham), or sometime after 1363.

William married (Unknown) Lindsey. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Claimed by some as a daughter of William Lindsey of Craigie, son of William Lindsey of Luffness and his wife Avice de Lancaster.

Notes:

According to the Scots Peerage, he was the first to adopt the surname Drummond. Said to have married a daughter of Sir Patrick Grahame. He was probably the Malcolm Drummond who was taken prisoner by the English in 1301 and probably died in captivity.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 22 Sep 1327, Berkeley Castle, Berkeley, Gloucestershire, England

Notes:

He is widely held to have died 21 (or 22) Sep 1327 in Berkeley Castle, but Ian Mortimer has presented arguments to the contrary that seem to us not easily dismissed.

Edward married Isabella of France, Queen Consort of England on 25 Jan 1308 in Boulogne-sur-Mer, Pas-de-Calais, France. Isabella (daughter of Philippe IV "the Fair", King of France; King of Navarre and Joan, Queen of Navarre; Queen Consort of France) was born in 1292 in Boulogne, France; died on 22 Aug 1358 in Hertford Castle, Hertford, Hertfordshire, England; was buried in Church of the Grey Friars, London, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Count of Hainault, Holland, and Zeeland.

William married Jeanne de Valois on 19 May 1305 in Chauny, Aisne, France. Jeanne (daughter of Charles of France and Margaret of Anjou) was born about 1294; died on 7 Mar 1342 in Fontenelles, Burgundy, France; was buried in Abbey of Fontenelles, Burgundy, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

As a widow she became abbess of Fontenelles.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1283, of Upholland, Wigan, Lancashire, England
• Alternate death: 15 Oct 1328

Notes:

Justice of Chester; Constable of Beeston Castle. Summoned to Parliament by writ, 29 Jul 1314 to 15 May 1321.

From Wikipedia:

"He was a member of the noble Holland family and a favourite official of Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster, and had been knighted by 1305. His favoured treatment by the powerful earl caused his rival knights in the area, led by Sir Adam Banastre, Sir Henry de Lea, and Sir William de Bradshagh (Bradshaw), to start a campaign of violence towards him and the earl's other supporters known as the Banastre Rebellion. The rebels protested against the earl's actions and authority by attacking the homes of his supporters and several castles, including Liverpool Castle. Sir Robert later assisted in the hunt for fugitives after the rebels had been routed in Preston by a force under the command of the Sheriff.

"The manors of Thornton and Bagworth were acquired by him in 1313. From 1314 to 1321 he was called to Parliament as a member of the House of Lords. In 1322 his part in the Battle of Boroughbridge, when he defected from Lancaster to the King, was deemed treacherous and cowardly and led to his disfavour. Although King Edward III of England would later pardon him, the partisans of the Earl of Lancaster considered him a traitor and had him executed. The execution occurred in 1328 by beheading in Essex; his head was sent to the new earl and his body to Lancashire to be buried."

From Royal Ancestry:

"SIR ROBERT DE HOLAND, 1st LORD HOLAND, was captured by some adherents of his former patron, Earl Thomas, in Boreham Wood, Elstree, Hertfordshire 7 Oct 1328, who cut off his head for his treachery. His body was buried at Grey Friars, Preston, Lancashire."

Robert married Maud la Zouche before 13 May 1306. Maud (daughter of Alan la Zouche and Eleanor de Segrave) was born in 1289; died on 31 May 1349; was buried in Brackley, Northamptonshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1290

Notes:

"She was of record as preparing to go to Santiago on pilgrimage in 1336." [Medieval English Ancestors of Robert Abell, citation details below.]

Notes:

1st Earl of Kent. "[S]erved his brother Edward II in his war against the barons, turned against him in 1326, granted Arundel Castle (1327) by Edward III, opposed the ascendancy of the queen and Roger Mortimer, who lured him into a conspiracy, and then had him condemned and beheaded as a traitor." [The Ancestry of Charles II, King of England (citation details below)]

Edmund married Margaret Wake about 25 Dec 1325. Margaret (daughter of John Wake and Joan de Fiennes) was born about 1299; died on 29 Sep 1349. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 1 May 1285, Marlborough Castle, Wiltshire, England

Notes:

Also called Edmund Arundel. Earl of Arundel. An opponent of Gaveston, he became one of the Lords Ordainers, and one of those before whom Gaveston was tried before he was killed. Edmund Fitz Alan was also among the magnates who refused to help Edward II against Scotland, resulting in the disaster at Bannockburn. However, around the time his son Richard was betrothed to Hugh Dispenser the Younger's daughter Isabel, Fitz Alan began a rapprochement with the king. This would ultimately result in Fitz Alan's execution on the order of Roger Mortimer. According to a one account, a blunt sword was ordered, and his beheading took 22 strokes.

"Though he was never canonised, a cult emerged around the late earl in the 1390s, associating him with the 9th-century martyr king St Edmund. This veneration may have been inspired by a similar cult around his grandson, Richard Fitz Alan, 11th Earl of Arundel, who was executed by Richard II in 1397." [Wikipedia]

Just to drive home the point that association with the Despensers never works out for anybody, in 1344 his son Richard sought and obtained an anullment from his marriage to Isabel le Despenser, on the grounds that the betrothal had been inflicted on him in childhood and without his consent.

Edmund married Alice de Warenne after 30 Dec 1304. Alice (daughter of William de Warenne and Joan de Vere) died between 1330 and 23 May 1338. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1281, Grosmont Castle, Monmouthshire, Wales

Notes:

Also called "Tortcol"; also called Henry Plantagenet.

Earl of Lancaster. Earl of Leicester.

Steward of England; Constable of Abergavenny and Kenilworth Castles 1326; Chief Guardian of the King 1327; Captain-General of the Marches towards Scotland 1327; Councillor of Regency 1345.

Summoned to Parliament by writs 6 Feb 1299 onward.

"Served against the Scots and in Flanders, at the siege of Carlaverock in 1300, among the barons forcing restrictions on Edward II's powers, joined the queen's party in 1326 and captured the king later that year, knighted Edward III at his coronation, became blind in about 1330, but continued to participate in public affairs and as a counselor of the king." [Ancestry of Charles II, citation details below.]

Henry of Lancaster and Maud de Chaworth were great-grandparents of both Henry IV and his queen, Mary de Bohun.

Henry married Maud de Chaworth before 2 Mar 1297. Maud (daughter of Patrick de Chaworth and Isabel de Beauchamp) was born on 2 Feb 1282; died before 3 Dec 1322; was buried in Mottisfont Priory, Hampshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Maud de Chaorces.