Philippa of Lancaster

Notes:

"[D]iscreet, pious, austere, and modest, mother of the 'Illustrious Generation' as her children were called, introduced French customs and culture to the Portugese court." [The Ancestry of Charles II, King of England (citation details below)]

She died of the plague.

Philippa of Lancaster = Joao I, King of Portugal
Joao, Prince of Portugal = Isabella of Braganza
Isabella of Portugal = Juan II, King of Castile (1405-1454)
Isabella of Castile (1451-1504) = Ferdinand I, King of Spain (1452-1516)

Philippa married Joao I, King of Portugal on 11 Nov 1387 in Porto, Portugal. Joao was born on 11 Apr 1358 in Lisbon, Portugal; died on 14 Aug 1433 in Lisbon, Portugal; was buried in Batalha, Portugal. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 3 Feb 1399, Leicester Castle, Leicestershire, England

Notes:

Duke of Lancaster. 527 other titles. Richest European individual of his day.

By his first wife, he was a great-great grandfather to Isabelle of Castile; by his second wife, he was a great-grandfather to her. And the parents of the Spanish wife of his retainer Walter Blount were GX3-grandparents to Ferdinand I.

"John [was] born in Ghent during the king's absence in March (Edward had left for England in February). The birth happened at the abbey of St Bavo because that is where the pregnant queen lodged from her arrival. The precise date 6 March is not certain." [Peter Stewart, 21 Nov 2021]

"John's baptism presumably took place in Ghent shortly after the sea battle on 24 June 1340 -- Edward landed at Sluys and rode on to Ghent after sending news of the victory to his allies including Jean III of Brabant and supporters including Jacob van Artevelde at Thun-l'Évêque near Cambrai. Jean of Brabant was the godfather after whom John of Gaunt was named, and he held him at the font according to Froissart. An early-15th-century chronicle written at Saint-Denis claims that Jakob van Artevelde was the boy's godfather and held him at the font, but it is scarcely plausible that a burgess of Ghent was chosen as godfather to an English prince, or that if this actually happened it would not have been widely reported as a very extraordinary incident." [Peter Stewart, 21 Nov 2021]

John married Blanche of Lancaster in May 1359 in Reading Abbey, Berkshire, England. Blanche (daughter of Henry of Grosmont and Isabel de Beaumont) was born on 25 Mar 1342; died on 12 Sep 1368; was buried in St. Paul's Cathedral, London, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Charles M. Hansen noted in 2023 (citation details below) that she was born on the feast of the Annunciation, which was on 25 March in 1342, not 23 March as erroneously reported in his and Neil D. Thompson's Ancestry of Charles II (citation details below).

Edward married Philippa of Hainault, Queen Consort of England on 24 Jan 1328 in York Cathedral, York, Yorkshire, England. Philippa (daughter of William III of Hainault and Jeanne de Valois) was born about 1314; died on 15 Aug 1359 in Windsor, Berkshire, England; was buried in Westminster Abbey, Westminster, Middlesex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Genealogist Martin Hollick has pointed out that the marriage of Edward III and Philippa of Hainault marks the point at which descent from William the Conqueror was united with descent from Harold Godwinson, who lost to William at Hastings in 1066:

Harold II Godwinson, King of England (~1022-1066) = Ealdgyth of Mercia (d. >1066)
Gytha of Wessex = Vladimir II Monomakh, Grand Prince of Kiev (1053-1125)
Mstislav I, Grand Prince of Kiev (1076-1132) = Ljubawa Dimitriewna Sawiditsch (d. 1167)
Euphrosine of Kiev (~1130-1186) = Geisa II, King of Hungary, Croatia, Dalmatia, and Rama (1130-1161)
Béla III, King of Hungary, Croatia, Dalmatia, and Rama (~1148-1196) = Anna de Châtillon (1154-1184)
András II, King of Hungary (1176-1235) = Yolanda of Courtenay (~1200-1233)
Violant of Hungary (d. 1251) = James I, King of Aragón (1208-1276)
Isabella of Aragón (d. 1271) = Philippe III, King of France (1245-1285)
Charles of France (1270-1325) = Margaret of Anjou (1272-1299)
Jeanne de Valois (~1294-1342) = William III of Hainault) (~1286-1337)
Philippa of Hainault (~1314-1359)

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 23 Mar 1361

Notes:

He succeeded to the titles of Earl of Lancaster and of Leicester. "[C]reated Earl of Derby (1337), Earl of Lincoln (1349), Duke of Lancaster (1351), England's foremost military commander during the early stages of the Hundred Years War, the richest and most powerful man in the kingdom after Edward III, and his most trusted cousnelor, he was esteemed by his contemporaries as a perfect knight." [The Ancestry of Charles II, King of England (citation details below)]

He died of the plague.

Henry married Isabel de Beaumont about 1337. Isabel (daughter of Henry de Beaumont and Alice Comyn) died after 24 Mar 1361. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

She outlived her husband.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 22 Sep 1327, Berkeley Castle, Berkeley, Gloucestershire, England

Notes:

He is widely held to have died 21 (or 22) Sep 1327 in Berkeley Castle, but Ian Mortimer has presented arguments to the contrary that seem to us not easily dismissed.

Edward married Isabella of France, Queen Consort of England on 25 Jan 1308 in Boulogne-sur-Mer, Pas-de-Calais, France. Isabella (daughter of Philippe IV "the Fair", King of France; King of Navarre and Joan, Queen of Navarre; Queen Consort of France) was born in 1292 in Boulogne, France; died on 22 Aug 1358 in Hertford Castle, Hertford, Hertfordshire, England; was buried in Church of the Grey Friars, London, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Count of Hainault, Holland, and Zeeland.

William married Jeanne de Valois on 19 May 1305 in Chauny, Aisne, France. Jeanne (daughter of Charles of France and Margaret of Anjou) was born about 1294; died on 7 Mar 1342 in Fontenelles, Burgundy, France; was buried in Abbey of Fontenelles, Burgundy, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

As a widow she became abbess of Fontenelles.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1281, Grosmont Castle, Monmouthshire, Wales

Notes:

Also called "Tortcol"; also called Henry Plantagenet.

Earl of Lancaster. Earl of Leicester.

Steward of England; Constable of Abergavenny and Kenilworth Castles 1326; Chief Guardian of the King 1327; Captain-General of the Marches towards Scotland 1327; Councillor of Regency 1345.

Summoned to Parliament by writs 6 Feb 1299 onward.

"Served against the Scots and in Flanders, at the siege of Carlaverock in 1300, among the barons forcing restrictions on Edward II's powers, joined the queen's party in 1326 and captured the king later that year, knighted Edward III at his coronation, became blind in about 1330, but continued to participate in public affairs and as a counselor of the king." [Ancestry of Charles II, citation details below.]

Henry of Lancaster and Maud de Chaworth were great-grandparents of both Henry IV and his queen, Mary de Bohun.

Henry married Maud de Chaworth before 2 Mar 1297. Maud (daughter of Patrick de Chaworth and Isabel de Beauchamp) was born on 2 Feb 1282; died before 3 Dec 1322; was buried in Mottisfont Priory, Hampshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Maud de Chaorces.

Notes:

Earl of Buchan.

From Wikipedia (accessed 10 Jan 2024):

Henry de Beaumont [...] jure uxoris 4th Earl of Buchan and suo jure 1st Baron Beaumont, was a key figure in the Anglo-Scots wars of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, known as the Wars of Scottish Independence.

Henry de Beaumont was a veteran campaigner who participated in every major engagement, from the Battle of Falkirk in 1298 to the Battle of Halidon Hill in 1333. Although not now a widely known figure, he was, nevertheless, of considerable military and political importance. His long experience in the Scottish wars led him to develop a battle technique later used to great effect at Crécy and Agincourt.

As one of a group of Anglo-Scots nobles later known as the "disinherited" -- Englishmen whose Scottish lands had been forfeited -- he was to do much to overturn the peace between England and Scotland established by the Treaty of Northampton and bring about a Second War of Scottish Independence.

By his marriage, shortly before 14 July 1310, to Alice Comyn, Countess of Buchan (died 3 July 1349), the niece and heir of John Comyn, Earl of Buchan, he was recognised as earl in right of his wife.

Henry married Alice Comyn before 14 Jul 1310. Alice (daughter of Alexander Comyn and Joanna Latimer) died before 10 Aug 1349. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 18 Jun 1239, Westminster Palace, Westminster, Middlesex, England
• Alternate death: 8 Jul 1307, Burgh-by-Sands, Carlisle, Cumberland, England

Notes:

Edward Longshanks, Hammer of the Scots, conqueror of Wales. Although he is acclaimed for his many administrative accomplishments and for establishing Parliament as a permanent institution, he also expelled the Jews from England; significant numbers of them returned only 350 years later. He was tall (6' 4"), personally intimidating, and rigid in personal morality, in marked contrast to most earlier post-Conquest English rulers.

Edward married Eleanor of Castile, Queen Consort of England on 18 Oct 1254 in Abbey of Santa María la Real de Las Huelgas, Burgos, Castile, Spain. Eleanor (daughter of St. Fernando III, King Of Castile, León, Galicia, Toledo, Córdoba, Jaén, and Seville and Jeanne de Dammartin) was born in 1240; died on 28 Nov 1290 in Hardby, Nottinghamshire, England; was buried in Westminster Abbey, Westminster, Middlesex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 1241, Burgos, Castile, Spain
• Alternate birth: Abt 1241

Notes:

Countess of Ponthieu.

Eleanor of Castile, first wife of Edward I, was a daughter of Ferdinand III, King of Castile, Leon, and Galicia, and the French noblewoman Jeanne de Dammartin, suo jure Countess of Ponthieu. Although her marriage (in 1254) to then-prince Edward was a political match designed to affirm English control of Gascony, the couple were unusually close; she even accompanied Edward on the Fourth Crusade, where he was wounded at Acre in Palestine. She was notably well-educated and maintained her own scriptorium, the only one in northern Europe at the time. Her preference for Spanish-style home decorations, kitchen utensils, and personal comforts had a great influence on English domestic life. She brought a considerable personal fortune to her marriage, and increased it all her life through shrewd purchases of lands and manors. Although this had a negative effect on her personal popularity, her husband always encouraged her in it.

Her heart was buried in the Dominican priory of Blackfriars in London, along with that of her son Alphonso. Her entrails were buried in Lincoln Cathedral.

Notes:

King of Navarre as Philip I, 1284-1305. King of France as Philip (Philippe) IV, 1285-1314.

Philippe married Joan, Queen of Navarre; Queen Consort of France on 16 Aug 1284 in Notre-Dame, Paris, France. Joan (daughter of Enrique I, King of Navarre and Blanche of Artois) was born on 14 Jan 1272 in Bar-sur-Seine, France; died on 2 Apr 1305 in Château de Vincennes, Val-de-Marne, Île-de-France, France; was buried in Church of the Grey Friars, Paris, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 14 Jan 1271, Bar-sur-Aube, Aube, Champagne-Ardenne, France
• Alternate death: 2 Apr 1304, Château de Vincennes, Val-de-Marne, Île-de-France, France

Notes:

Also called Jan II d'Avesnes. Count of Hainaut, Holland, and Zeeland.

John married Philippa of Luxembourg. Philippa (daughter of Henry of Luxembourg and Margaret of Bar) was born about 1252; died on 6 Apr 1311; was buried in Church of the Franciscans, Valenciennes, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Count of Valois. Count of Anjou by his marriage to Margaret of Anjou. Through his later marriage to Catherine I, titular empress of the Latin Empire, he was titular Latin Emperor of Constantinople from 1301 to 1307, though he ruled from exile and exerted authority only over the Crusader states in Greece.

"[A]n irresponsible adventurer, he did the papal cause little good when campaigning in Sicily as Captain-General for the Church." [The Ancestry of Charles II, King of England (citation details below)]

Charles married Margaret of Anjou on 16 Aug 1290 in Corbeil, near Paris, France. Margaret (daughter of Charles II, King of Naples, Sicily, and Jerusalem and Maria I, Queen of Hungary) was born in 1272; died on 31 Dec 1299; was buried in Church of St. Jacques, Paris, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1273

Notes:

Countess of Anjou and Maine in her own right; Countess of Valois, Alençon, Chartres, and Perche by marriage.

Notes:

Earl of Leicester; Earl of Lancaster; Earl of Derby. Steward of England 1265; Keeper of the Isle of Lundy 1266; Warden of Sherborne Castle 1267; Lieutenant of Pothieu 1291; Lieutenant of Gascony 1296.

Nearly King of Sicily.

Summoned to Parliament by writ 24 Jun 1295; definitely far from the most interesting thing that ever happened to him.

From Wikipedia (as of 5 Dec 2023):

Edmund, 1st Earl of Lancaster (16 January 1245 – 5 June 1296), also known by his epithet Edmund Crouchback, was a member of the royal Plantagenet Dynasty and the founder of the first House of Lancaster. He was Earl of Leicester (1265–1296), Lancaster (1267–1296) and Derby (1269–1296) in England, and Count Palatine of Champagne (1276–1284) in France.

Named after the 9th-century saint, Edmund was the second surviving son of King Henry III of England and Eleanor of Provence and the younger brother of King Edward I of England, to whom he was loyal as a diplomat and warrior. In 1254, the 9-year-old Edmund became involved in the "Sicilian business", in which his father accepted a papal offer granting the Kingdom of Sicily to Edmund, who made preparations to become king. However, Henry III could not provide funds for the operation, prompting the Papacy to withdraw the grant and give it to Edmund's uncle, Charles I of Anjou. The "Sicilian business" outraged the barons led by the Earl of Leicester and Edmund's uncle, Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester, and was cited as one of the reasons for limiting Henry's power. Deterioration of relations between the barons and the king resulted in the Second Barons' War, in which the royal government, supported by Edmund, triumphed over the baronage following the death of Montfort in the Battle of Evesham in 1265.

Edmund received the lands and titles of Montfort and the defeated barons Nicholas Segrave, 1st Baron Segrave and Robert de Ferrers, 6th Earl of Derby, and became Earl of Lancaster, Leicester and Derby. Primarily known as the earl of the first county, he eventually became the most powerful baron of England. Later, Edmund accompanied his elder brother Edward on his crusade in the Holy Land, where his epithet "Crouchback" originated from a corruption of 'cross back', referring to him wearing a stitched cross on his garments. Following the death of his first wife, Aveline de Forz, Edmund's aunt and Dowager Queen of France Margaret of Provence arranged his second marriage to Blanche of Artois, the recently widowed Queen Dowager of Navarre and the Countess of Champagne. With his second wife Blanche, Edmund governed Champagne as count palatine in the name of his stepdaughter Joan until she came of age. Edmund was active in supporting his family members, such as assisting Edward in conquering Wales, advocating for the claims of his aunt Margaret against his uncle Charles I of Anjou in his mother and aunt's homeland of Provence and managing Ponthieu on behalf of his sister-in-law, Eleanor of Castile.

When Edmund's stepson-in-law, King Philip IV of France, demanded Edward, who was also his vassal through Gascony, to come to Paris to answer charges of damages caused by English mariners in 1293, Edward sent Edmund to mediate the crisis to avert war. Edmund negotiated an agreement with Philip where France would occupy Gascony for 40 days, and Edward would marry Philip's half-sister, Margaret. When the 40 days were over, Philip tricked Edward and Edmund by refusing to relinquish control over Gascony, calling Edward to again answer for his charges. Edmund and Edward then renounced their homages to Philip and prepared for war against France. Edmund sailed for Gascony with his army and besieged the city of Bordeaux. Unable to pay his troops, Edmund was deserted by his army and retreated to Bayonne, where he died from illness in 1296. Edmund's body was brought back to England, where he was buried in Westminster Abbey in 1301.

Edmund married Blanche of Artois on 18 Jan 1276 in Paris, France. Blanche (daughter of Robert of France and Mahaut of Brabant) was born about 1248; died on 2 May 1302 in Paris, France; was buried in Church of the Cordeliers, Paris, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

"Her heart was buried in the choir of the conventual church of the Minoresses at Nogent-l'Artaud." [Royal Ancestry]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1254, of Kempsford, Gloucestershire, England
• Alternate death: Abt 7 Jul 1283, Kidwelly, Carmarthenshire, Wales

Notes:

Also called Patric de Chaorces, Patric de Cadurcis, Payn Chaworth. Accompanied Henry III on a crusade to the Near East in 1269.

Patrick married Isabel de Beauchamp. Isabel (daughter of William de Beauchamp and Maud fitz John) died before 30 May 1306. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Jure uxoris viscount of Beaumont.

Louis married Agnes de Beaumont. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Alexander married Joanna Latimer. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Henry married Eleanor of Provence, Queen Consort of England on 14 Jan 1236 in Canterbury Cathedral, Canterbury, Kent, England. Eleanor (daughter of Raymond Berenger and Beatrice of Savoy) died on 24 Jun 1291 in Amesbury Priory, Wiltshire, England; was buried in Amesbury Priory, Wiltshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 25 Jun 1291, Amesbury Priory, Wiltshire, England

Notes:

"She was buried on 11 September 1291 in the Abbey of St Mary and St Melor, Amesbury on 9 December. The exact site of her grave at the abbey is unknown making her the only English queen without a marked grave. Her heart was taken to London where it was buried at the Franciscan priory." [Wikipedia]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 1199
• Alternate birth: 1200
• Alternate birth: 30 Jul 1201, Monte de Valparaíso, Spain
• Alternate birth: Between 5 Aug 1201 and 19 Aug 1201, En route between Salamanca and Zamora
• Alternate birth: 5 Aug 1201, Monte de Valparaíso, Spain
• Alternate death: 15 Mar 1252
• Alternate death: 30 May 1253

Notes:

"[H]e was born near but not at at the monastery [of Valparaíso], which was moved to his birthplace afterwards. Ferdinand was called 'montesino' because he was born on the mountain, by the road between Salamanca and Zamora." [Peter Stewart, citation details below]

Canonized in 1671 by Clement X. His feast day is 30 May.

Fernando married Jeanne de Dammartin before 31 Oct 1237 in Burgos, Castile, Spain. Jeanne (daughter of Simon II de Dammartin and Marie of Ponthieu) was born about 1220; died on 15 Mar 1279 in Abbeville, Somme, Picardy, France; was buried in Abbey de Valloires, Abbeville, Somme, Picardy, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 16 Mar 1279, Abbeville, Somme, Picardy, France

Notes:

Countess Of Ponthieu, Montreuil, and Aumale.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 30 Apr 1245

Notes:

Nicknamed "The Bold".

Philippe married Isabella of Aragon, Queen Consort of France on 28 May 1262 in Clermont-Ferrand, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France. Isabella (daughter of James I, King of Aragón and Violant of Hungary) was born between 1243 and 1247; died on 28 Jan 1271 in Cosenza, Calabria, Italy; was buried in Abbey of Saint-Denis, Saint-Denis, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 1247

Notes:

Died as a result of falling from a horse.

Notes:

King of Navarre, 1270-74. As Henri III, he was Count of Champagne and Brie, 1270-74.

Enrique married Blanche of Artois in 1269. Blanche (daughter of Robert of France and Mahaut of Brabant) was born about 1248; died on 2 May 1302 in Paris, France; was buried in Church of the Cordeliers, Paris, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

"Her heart was buried in the choir of the conventual church of the Minoresses at Nogent-l'Artaud." [Royal Ancestry]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 1 May 1218

Notes:

Count of Avesnes and Hainaut, 1246-57.

John married Adelaide of Holland on 9 Oct 1246. Adelaide (daughter of Floris IV of Holland and Machteld of Brabant) was born about 1230; died between 1 Mar 1284 and 7 Apr 1284. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Called "the Blond." Count of Arlon; lord of Ligny; Count of Luxembourg; Count of Namur.

Henry married Margaret of Bar on 4 Jun 1240. Margaret (daughter of Henri II of Bar and Philippa of Dreux) was born about 1220; died on 23 Nov 1275. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 6 May 1309

Notes:

Also count of Anjou.

Charles married Maria I, Queen of Hungary in 1270. Maria (daughter of Istvan V, King of Hungary and Erszebet of Kumania) was born about 1257; died on 25 Mar 1323 in Naples, Campania, Italy; was buried in Santa Maria Donna Regina, Naples, Campania, Italy. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Between 1257 and 1258

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 7 Feb 1250, Mansourah, Egypt

Notes:

Called "the Good." First Count of Artois.

"Robert died while leading a reckless attack on Al Mansurah, without the knowledge of his brother King Louis IX. He and the Templars accompanying the expedition charged into the town and became trapped in the narrow streets. According to Jean de Joinville, he defended himself for some time in a house there, but was at last overpowered and killed. In Egypt it is believed that Sultan Qutuz killed him, although it is more likely that an anonymous soldier did so." [Wikipedia]

Robert married Mahaut of Brabant on 14 Jun 1237. Mahaut (daughter of Henri II of Brabant and Maria von Hohenstaufen) was born about 1224; died on 29 Sep 1288; was buried in Cercamp Abbey, Artois, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 29 Oct 1288

Notes:

Also called Mathilde of Brabant.

Notes:

Also called Patric de Cadurcis. "[In 1245] he was ordered to use his power to annoy the Welsh." [Medieval English Ancestors of Robert Abell, cittion details below.]

Patrick married Hawise de London before 19 Dec 1243. Hawise (daughter of Thomas de London and Eve Fitzwarine) was born about 1212; died before 23 Sep 1274. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 1273

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1240, of Elmley, Worcestershire, England
• Alternate death: 5 Jun 1298, Elmley, Worcestershire, England
• Alternate death: 9 Jun 1298, Elmley, Worcestershire, England

Notes:

Earl of Warwick. Hereditary Chamberlain of the Exchequer, an office he inherited from the Mauduit family. Hereditary Sheriff of Worcestershire.

William married Maud fitz John before 1270. Maud (daughter of John fitz Geoffrey and Isabel le Bigod) died on 16 Apr 1301; was buried on 7 May 1301 in Friars Minor, Worcester, Worcestershire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 18 Apr 1301

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Between 1169 and 1174

Notes:

From Wikipedia:

John of Brienne (c. 1170 - 27 March 1237), also known as John I, was King of Jerusalem from 1210 to 1225 and Latin Emperor of Constantinople from 1229 to 1237. He was the youngest son of Erard II of Brienne, a wealthy nobleman in Champagne. John, originally destined for an ecclesiastical career, became a knight and owned small estates in Champagne around 1200. After the death of his brother, Walter III, he ruled the County of Brienne on behalf of his minor nephew Walter IV (who lived in southern Italy).

The barons of the Kingdom of Jerusalem proposed that John marry Maria, Queen of Jerusalem. With the consent of Philip II of France and Pope Innocent III, he left France for the Holy Land and married the queen; the royal couple were crowned in 1210. After Maria's death in 1212 John administered the kingdom as regent for their infant daughter, Isabella II; an influential lord, John of Ibelin, attempted to dethrone him. John was a leader of the Fifth Crusade. Although his claim of supreme command of the crusader army was never unanimously acknowledged, his right to rule Damietta (in Egypt) was confirmed shortly after the town fell to the crusaders in 1219. He claimed the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia on behalf of his second wife, Stephanie of Armenia, in 1220. After Stephanie and their infant son died that year, John returned to Egypt. The Fifth Crusade ended in failure (including the recovery of Damietta by the Egyptians) in 1221.

John was the first king of Jerusalem to visit Europe (Italy, France, England, León, Castile and Germany) to seek assistance for the Holy Land. He gave his daughter in marriage to Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II in 1225, and Frederick ended John's rule of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Although the popes tried to persuade Frederick to restore the kingdom to John, the Jerusalemite barons regarded Frederick as their lawful ruler. John administered papal domains in Tuscany, became the podestà of Perugia and was a commander of Pope Gregory IX's army during Gregory's war against Frederick in 1228 and 1229.

He was elected emperor in 1229 as the senior co-ruler (with Baldwin II) of the Latin Empire, and was crowned in Constantinople in 1231. John III Vatatzes, Emperor of Nicaea, and Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria occupied the last Latin territories in Thrace and Asia Minor, besieging Constantinople in early 1235. John directed the defence of his capital during the months-long siege, with the besiegers withdrawing only after Geoffrey II of Achaea and united fleets from Italian towns defeated their fleet in 1236. The following year, John died as a Franciscan friar.

Jeane married Bérenguère of Castile-León in 1223 in Burgos, Castile, Spain. Bérenguère (daughter of Alfonso IX, King of León and Galicia and Berenguela I of Castile, Queen Of Castile & Toledo) was born about 1199; died on 12 Apr 1237 in Constantinople. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 1204

Notes:

Viscount of Maine.

Raoul married Agnes. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 1289

Notes:

Earl of Buchan. Justiciar, 1251-55 and 1257-89. Called by Complete Peerage "one of the most powerful nobles of the time."

Alexander married Elizabeth de Quincy. Elizabeth (daughter of Roger de Quincy and Helen of Galloway) died before 4 May 1303. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Isabella.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 5 Dec 1304

Notes:

Crusader in 1270. Fought at Falkirk, 1298, and at Caerlaverock, July 1300, where he was a knight banneret.

William married Alice Ledet before 8 Nov 1268. Alice (daughter of Walter Ledet and Ermentrude) died before 8 Mar 1317. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]