Bonifacio di Saluzzo

Notes:

Marquis of Saluzzo. "In 1197 he was given extensive lands by his uncle Bonifacio di Monferrato. In 1212 he led an army in defense of Cuneo and perhaps died in battle." [The Ancestry of Dorothea Poyntz, citation details below.]

Bonifacio married Maria di Torres on 24 Aug 1202. Maria (daughter of Comita III, Giudice of Logudoro and Ispella de Lacon-Serra) died after 1215. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

1. Manfredo III di Saluzzo was born about 1204; died before 12 Oct 1244.

Notes:

Marquess of Saluzzo.

Manfredo married Azalaïs of Montferrat. Azalaïs (daughter of William V "il Vecchio" of Montferrat and Judith of Babenberg) was born in 1150; died in 1232; was buried in Staffarda Abbey, Saluzzo, Cuneo, Piedmont, Italy. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1164
• Alternate death: Aft 1231

Notes:

Also Adelasia, Alasia, etc. Regent of Saluzzo during her grandson's minority.

From Wikipedia:

Like her brother Boniface, Azalaïs was a patron of troubadours. She is mentioned in Peire Vidal's song, Estat ai gran sazo:

Dieus sal l'onrat marques
E sa bella seror...
(God save the honoured marquis
And his beautiful sister)

and is the dedicatee of his Bon' aventura don Dieus als Pizas.

Around 1192, she had built the church of San Lorenzo, which she granted to the canons of San Lorenzo in Oulx; her eldest son, Boniface, named after her brother, is mentioned for the first time in the donation. However, Boniface died in 1212, and with the death of her husband in February 1215, Azalaïs became regent of Saluzzo for her grandson, Manfred III.

In 1216, she made a treaty with Thomas I of Savoy for a marriage between his son Amadeus and her granddaughter Agnes. However, the marriage never took place, possibly on grounds of consanguinity, since Azalaïs was a first cousin of Thomas's father. Amadeus married Anne of Burgundy, and Agnes became Abbess of the Cistercian convent of Santa Maria della Stella in Rifreddo. Azalaïs also made political and ecclesiastical agreements with Alba and with the Bishop of Asti.

When young Manfred reached his majority in 1218, Azalaïs returned to church patronage. In 1224, she endowed the convent of Rifreddo with the income of the church of San Ilario. In 1227, she made further grants to the canons of Oulx.

Notes:

First Marquess of Saluzzo.

Manfredo married Eliana. Eliana was born about 1110. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Van de Pas shows her as Eliani "di Arborea," daughter of Gonnario II, jure uxoris Judge of Arborea, and Eliana de Lacon-Zori, daughter and heir of Comita I, Judge of Arborea, but he notes that this identification is "not rock solid." This couple is already identifiably ancestral to TNH (and millions of other English and American descendants of Richard Fitz Alan and Alice of Saluzzo) through their son Constantine I.

Arborea was one of the four giudicati, principalities held and ruled by judges, that formed on Sardinia as Byzantine power gradually withdrew from the island. These were effectively independent by the mid-11th century, although they fell into the hands of foreign dynasties over the next several generations.

Notes:

Also Guilhem, Gugliemo, Guillermo. Marquess of Montferrat.

From Wikipedia:

Dynastically, he was extremely well-connected: a nephew of Pope Callixtus II, a half-brother of Amadeus III of Savoy, a brother-in-law of Louis VI of France (through his half-sister Adelasia of Moriana), and cousin of Alfonso VII of Castile. [...] William and Judith's powerful dynastic connections created difficulties in finding suitable wives for his sons, however: too many potential spouses were related within prohibited degrees. In 1167, he unsuccessfully tried to negotiate marriages for his eldest sons to daughters of Henry II of England - but the girls were very young at the time and were related through Judith's descent from William V of Aquitaine. He then applied for sisters of William I of Scotland, who were not related, but were already married.

[...]

William took part in the Second Crusade, alongside his half-brother Amadeus of Savoy (who died during the campaign), his nephew Louis VII of France, his brother-in-law Count Guido of Biandrate, and his wife's German and Austrian relatives.

As supporters of the imperial party (later known as the Ghibellines), he and his sons fought [alongside] the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa (Judith's nephew) in his lengthy struggle against the Lombard League. Following Barbarossa's capitulation with the Peace of Venice in 1177, William was left to deal with the rebellious towns in the area alone. Meanwhile, the Byzantine emperor Manuel I Komnenos sought support for his own politics in Italy.

William broke with Barbarossa and formed an alliance with Manuel. His eldest surviving son, Conrad, was taken prisoner by Barbarossa's Chancellor, Archbishop Christian of Mainz, but then captured the chancellor in battle at Camerino. In 1179 Manuel suggested a marriage between his daughter Maria, second in line to the throne, and one of William's sons. As Conrad and Boniface were already married, the youngest son, Renier, was married off to the princess, who was ten years his senior. Renier and Maria were later killed during the usurpation of Andronikos, and the family rebuilt ties with Barbarossa.

In 1183, with the accession of his grandson Baldwin V, a minor, as co-King of Jerusalem, William, then probably in his late sixties, left the government of Montferrat to Conrad and Boniface, and returned to the east. He was granted the castle of St. Elias (present-day Taybeh). He fought in the Battle of Hattin in 1187, where he was captured by Saladin's forces. In the meantime, his second son, Conrad, had arrived at Tyre from Constantinople. Conrad was given the command of the defences. During the siege of Tyre in November that year, he is said to have refused to surrender as much as a stone of its walls to liberate his father, even threatening to shoot him with a crossbow himself when Saladin had him presented as a hostage. Eventually, Saladin withdrew his army from Tyre. In 1188, William was released unharmed at Tortosa, and seems to have ended his days in Tyre, with his son. He probably died in the summer of 1191: Conrad last describes himself as "marchionis Montisferrati filius" in a charter of May that year.

William married Judith of Babenberg before 28 Mar 1133. Judith (daughter of St. Leopold von Babenberg and Agnes of Germany) was born in 1115; died after 18 Oct 1168. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Jutta, Julitta, Ita, Judith von Österreich.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Abt 1130

Notes:

Also called Boniface of Saluzzo, Bonifacio de Saluces, Bonifacio di Revello, Boniface de Clavesana, etc. Margrave of Savona and Western Liguria.

Boniface married Agnes de Vermandois after 1111. Agnes (daughter of Hugues le Grand and Adèle de Vermandois) died after 1125. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Renier. Margrave of Montferrat.

Rainier married Gisela of Burgundy in 1105. Gisela (daughter of William I "The Great" of Burgundy and Stephanie) was born about 1070; died after 1133. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Marchioness of Montferrat.

Notes:

Margrave of Austria.

From Wikipedia:

Saint Leopold III (German: Luitpold, 1073 – 15 November 1136), known as Leopold the Good, was the Margrave of Austria from 1095 to his death in 1136. He was a member of the House of Babenberg. He was canonized on 6 January 1485 [by Innocent VII] and became the patron saint of Austria, Lower Austria, Upper Austria, and Vienna. His feast day is 15 November. [...]

Leopold called himself "Princeps Terræ", a reflection of his sense of territorial independence. He was considered a candidate in the election of the Kaiser of the Holy Roman Empire in 1125, but declined this honour.

He is mainly remembered for the development of the country and, in particular, the founding of several monasteries. His most important foundation is Klosterneuburg (1108). According to legend, the Virgin Mary appeared to him and led him to a place where he found the veil of his wife Agnes, who had lost it years earlier. He established the Klosterneuburg Monastery there. He subsequently expanded the settlement to become his residence.

Leopold also founded the monasteries of Heiligenkreuz, Kleinmariazell and Seitenstetten which developed a territory still largely covered by forest. All of these induced the church to canonize him in 1485.

Leopold also fostered the development of cities, such as Klosterneuburg, Vienna and Krems. The last one was granted the right to mint but never attained great importance.

Leopold married Agnes of Germany in 1106. Agnes (daughter of Heinrich IV, Holy Roman Emperor and Bertha of Turin) was born in 1073; died on 24 Sep 1143; was buried in Klosterneuberg, Austria. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Agnes of Waiblingen; Agnes von Franken.

Notes:

Also called Teto; Teotone; Oddone. Margrave de Vasto. Margrave of Western Liguria.

Otto married Bertha of Turin about 1036. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Berta de Susa.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 18 Oct 1102, Tarsus, Cilicia

Notes:

Count of Crépy. Count of Vermandois and Valois. Duke of France.

Also called Hugh "Magnus".

The place where he died, in what is now south-central Turkey, is the same Tarsus as in "Saul of Tarsus," before he turned into St. Paul.

Post to SGM by Nathaniel Lane Taylor, 22 Jan 2004, about the battle in which Hugues died:

[I]t was I who first first posted the death date & circumstances on Hugh of Vermandois when I started this whole messy thread. But the 1101 date is clearly correct, because Hugh died of wounds after the battle in which a Crusader force was annihilated at Heraklea (Asia Minor) in late September of 1101. There is no mistaking the year, in the chronology of the first Crusade's aftermath. Runciman (2:28-29) does not provide a precise date for that battle, but it was one of three major failures of Western forces the Summer and Fall of 1101. See generally his History of the Crusades, vol. 2, chapter 2, "The Crusades of 1101." On the battle at Heraklea, he says:

"Early in September they [see below] entered Heraclea, which they found deserted as Konya had been. Just beyond the town flowed the river, one of the few Anatolian streams to flow abundantly throughout the summer. The Christian warriors, half-mad from thirst, broke their ranks to rush to the welcoming water. But the Turkish army lay concealed in the thickets on the river banks. As the crusaders surged on in disorder, the Turks sprang out on them and surrounded them. There was no time to reform ranks. Panic spread through the Christian army. Horsemen and infantry were mixed in a dreadful stampede; and as they stumbled in their attempt to flee they were slaughtered by the enemy. The duke of Aquitaine, followed by one of his grooms, cut his way out and rode into the mountains. After many days of wandering through the passes he found his way to Tarsus. Hugh of Vermandois was badly wounded in the battle; but some of his men rescued him and he too reached Tarsus. But he was a dying man. His death took place on 18 October and they buried him there in the Cathedral of St Paul. He never fulfilled his vow to go to Jerusalem. Welf of Bavaria only escaped by throwing away all his armor. After several weeks he arrived with two or three attendants at Antioch. Archbishop Thiemo [of Salzburg] was taken prisoner and martyred for his faith. The fate of the Margravine of Austria is unknown. Later legends said that she ended her days a captive in a far-off harem, where she gave birth to the Moslem hero Zengi. More probably she was thrown from her litter in the panic and trampled to death."

Runciman cites Albert of Aachen, 8.34-40 (pp. 579-82 in the edition he cites); and Ekkehard, 24-26 (pp. 30-32), among other material on the legend of the the Margravine of Austria, etc.

It is PNH's contention that this Hugh le Grand is the exact bellybutton of the Middle Ages. His father was a king of France; his mother was one of the daughters of Yaroslav the Wise, Grand Prince of Kiev; and his daughter Isabel married, as her first husband, one of the Conqueror's proven companions at Hastings. Another daughter, Agnes, married a marcher lord of northern Italy. Through his mother he was also descended from three canonized Kievan saints and two kings of Sweden. He married the last member of the Carolingian dynasty. He died on Crusade. He was called Hugues le Grand. Case closed.

Hugues married Adèle de Vermandois about 1080. Adèle (daughter of Herbert IV and Adela of Vexin) died in 1120; was buried on 28 Sep 1120 in Vermandois, Aisne, Picardy, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Between 1120 and 1124

Notes:

Countess of Vermandois. Last member of the Carolingian dynasty.

According to Royal Ancestry, she died "28 September, between 1120 and 1124."

Notes:

Marquis of Montferrat.

William married Otta di Aglié. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Count of Burgundy and, from 1078, Count of Mâcon.

Called "tête hardie", "the rash" or "the stubborn".

William married Stephanie between 1049 and 1057. Stephanie died after 1092. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

The Wikipedia article about William I, Count of Burgundy, asserts (as of 29 Jun 2015) two wives for him, an "Etiennette de Longuy" that he married circa 1040 and a "Stephanie" that he married before his death in 1087. The article then lists one set of children for Stephanie and another set of "children of either Stephanie or Etiennette". This appears to be confused. [Note that as of 1 May 2016, Wikipedia's article appears to have been cleaned up and corrected.]

According to Ancestral Roots, William had one wife, whom they identify as "Stephanie, parentage NN". They then note: "Prof. David H. Kelly believes her parentage unproven (2003). De Vajay, in Annales de Bourgogne vol. 32 (1960) 258-261, identifies Stephanie (Etiennette) as dau. of Clemence de Foix & Albert de Longwy, Duke of Lorraine, d. 1048. Clemence is identified as dau. of Bernard I Roger, Comte de Foix, d. 1035, & Garsinde de Bigorre; & Bernard as son of Roger I de Carcassonne & wife Adelaide. Moriarty, The Plantagenet Ancestry of King Edward III and Queen Philippa, supplies pedigree charts for these families, but does not agree with de Vajay as to her identity. Garnier, Tableaux Généalogiques des Souverains de la France et de ses Grand Feudataires, table XXVIII, shows her as dau. of Raymond II, Count of Barcelona."

Notes:

Margrave of Austria. "The Fair."

Leopold married Ida of Austria. Ida died after 1101. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Itha; Ida of Formbach-Ratelnberg; Ida von Ratelberg.

"Ida of Austria (c. 1055 – September 1101) was a consort of Leopold II of Austria. She was a crusader, participating in the Crusade of 1101 with her own army. [...] Ida joined the Crusade of 1101: alongside Thiemo of Salzburg and the dukes Welf IV of Bavaria and William IX of Bavaria, she raised and led her own army toward Jerusalem. In September of that year, she and her army were among those ambushed at Heraclea Cybistra by the sultan Kilij Arslan I. Ekkehard of Aura reports that Ida was killed in the fighting, but rumors persisted that she survived, and was carried off to a harem. Later legends claimed that she was the mother of the Muslim hero Zengi, but this is impossible on chronological grounds." [Wikipedia]

According to her article on the German-language version of Wikipedia, her parentage is the subject of several conflicting theories.

Heinrich married Bertha of Turin on 13 Jul 1066. Bertha (daughter of Otto I of Savoy and Adelaide of Susa) was born in 1051; died on 27 Dec 1087 in Mainz, Hessen, Germany; was buried in Speyer Cathedral, Speyer, Germany. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Bertha of Maurienne, Berta de Savoie.

Notes:

Margrave de Vasto.

Anselmo married Adila. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 1035

Notes:

Also called Ulric Manfredo. Count of Susa. Margrave of Turin.

Olderich married Berta of Este before 1014. Berta (daughter of Oberto Obizzo II of Este and Railende du Como) died in 1029. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Aft 4 Nov 1037
• Alternate death: Aft 29 Dec 1037

Notes:

From Wikipedia:

Bertha of Milan or Bertha of Luni (c. 997-c. 1040), was a member of the Obertenghi dynasty. Bertha was married to Ulric Manfred II of Turin. She is sometimes identified with the Bertha who was married to Arduin of Ivrea.

Although it is known that Bertha was a member of the Otbertenghi dynasty, there is some debate about who her parents were. Her father is often said to be Oberto II, but others argue that Bertha's father was in fact Otbert III of Milan.

By 1014 at the latest, Bertha had married Ulric Manfred (that year, Emperor Henry II confirmed their joint donation to the abbey of Fruttuaria). Her dowry included lands in the counties of Tortona, Parma and Piacenza.

In May 1028 with her husband, Ulric Manfred, Bertha founded the convent of Santa Maria at Caramagna. The following year, in July 1029, along with her husband and his brother, Bishop Alric of Asti, Bertha founded the Benedictine abbey in of S. Giusto in Susa, which housed the relics of Saint Justus of Novalesa. The church of the Abbey of San Giusto is now Susa Cathedral.

After Ulric Manfred's death (in December 1033 or 1034), Bertha briefly acted as regent for their daughter, Adelaide of Susa.

In 1037 Bertha captured envoys who wished to cross the Alps from Piedmont to Champagne, thus foiling a conspiracy against Emperor Conrad II. Conrad II rewarded Bertha for her part in suppressing the rebellion against him by issuing an imperial diploma which confirmed her donations to the abbey of S. Giusto in Susa.

Henri married Anne of Kiev, Queen Consort of France on 19 May 1051 in Rheims, Marne, Champagne-Ardenne, France. Anne (daughter of Yaroslav I "The Wise", Grand Prince of Kiev and Ingegerd (St. Anna) of Sweden) was born in 1036 in Kiev, Ukraine; died after 1075. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Bef 1079

Notes:

Also known as Agnes of Kiev and Anna Yaroslavna.

According to Royal Ancestry, she died "5 Sept., between 1075 and 1078."

Notes:

Count of Vermandois and Valois.

Herbert married Adela of Vexin before 1068. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Adelaide of Vermandois; Adele of Valois.

Notes:

Marquis of Montferrat. His wife may have been Constance of Savoy, a daughter of Amadeus II, but this is unproven.

Notes:

Also called Tebaldo di Agledo.

Notes:

Count of Burgundy.

Renaud married Adélaïde of Normandy before 2 Nov 1023. Adélaïde (daughter of Richard II and Judith of Brittany) died after 1074. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Sometimes called Judith. "As for Judith being the same person as Adelais, there is no reason to doubt this: she was recorded as Renaud's wife named Adelais in 1023, well before occurring with her mother's name Judith in 1037 (perhaps the alternative was used to distinguish her from her step-mother-in-law Adelais), and she was still living nearly two decades after Renaud's death." [Peter Stewart, citation details below.]

Notes:

"The Brave." Margrave of Austria. Genealogist Charles Evans proved that he was a son of his father's first wife Glismond, not of his second wife Frozza Orseolo, descendant of the Orseolo Doges of Venice.

From Wikipedia:

He increased the territory of his margraviate by amalgamating the Bohemian and Hungarian frontier marches up to the Thaya, March and Leitha rivers in what is today Lower Austria. In his time, the colonisation of the remote Waldviertel region was begun by his ministeriales, the Kuenring knights.

Ernest received his epithet due to his fighting against King Béla I of Hungary and his son Géza I on behalf of their rival Solomon according to the chronicler Lambert of Hersfeld. In the commencing Investiture Controversy, he sided with King Henry IV of Germany and battled against the Saxons, dying at the Battle of Langensalza.

Ernest married Adelaide of Eilenburg. Adelaide (daughter of Dedi II and Oda) died in 1071. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Adelheid of the Ostmark.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 28 Oct 1017

Heinrich married Agnes of Poitou on 21 Nov 1043. Agnes (daughter of William III of Poitou and Agnes of Burgundy) was born about 1025; died on 14 Dec 1077 in Rome. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Agnes of Aquitaine.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 1060

Notes:

Count of Maurienne (Savoy) and Chablis. Margrave of Susa. Margrave of Turin.

Otto married Adelaide of Susa about 1046. Adelaide (daughter of Olderich II Manfredo and Berta of Este) was born about 1015; died on 27 Dec 1091 in Canischio, Turino, Piedmont, Italy. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Alix.

Marchioness (Duchess) of Turin. Kick-ass eleventh-century woman who took no crap from anybody, evidently.

From Wikipedia:

Since the margravial title primarily had a military purpose at the time, it was thus was not considered suitable for a woman. Emperor Conrad II therefore arranged a marriage between Adelaide and his stepson, Herman IV, in January 1037. Herman was then invested as margrave of Turin. Herman died of the plague while fighting for Conrad II at Naples in July 1038.

Adelaide remarried in order to secure her vast march. Probably in 1041, and certainly before 19 January 1042, Adelaide married Henry, Marquess of Montferrat. Henry died c. 1045 and left Adelaide a widow for the second time. Immediately, a third marriage was undertaken, this time to Otto of Savoy (1046). With Otto she had three sons, Peter I, Amadeus II, and Otto. The couple also had two daughters, Bertha, who married Henry IV of Germany, and Adelaide, who married Rudolf of Rheinfelden (who later opposed Henry as King of Germany). [...]

In 1070 Adelaide captured and burned the city of Asti, which had rebelled against her.

In 1069 Henry IV tried to repudiate Adelaide's daughter, Bertha, which caused Adelaide's relationship with the imperial family to cool. However, through the intervention of Bertha, Henry received Adelaide's support when he came to Italy to submit to Pope Gregory VII and Matilda of Tuscany at Canossa. In return for allowing him to travel through her lands, Henry gave Bugey to Adelaide. Adelaide and her son Amadeus then accompanied Henry IV and Bertha to Canossa, where Adelaide acted as an oath-helper, alongside Matilda and Albert Azzo II, Margrave of Milan, among others. Bishop Benzo of Alba sent several letters to Adelaide between 1080 and 1082, encouraging her to support Henry IV in the Italian wars which formed part of the Investiture Controversy. Adelaide's dealings with Henry IV became closer after this. She offered to mediate between him and Matilda and Tuscany, and may even have joined him on campaign.

Adelaide made many donations to monasteries in the march of Turin. In 1064 she founded the monastery of Santa Maria at Pinerolo.

Adelaide received letters from many of the leading churchmen of the day, including Pope Alexander II, Peter Damian, and Pope Gregory VII. These letters indicate that Adelaide sometimes supported Gregorian reform, but that at other times she did not. Peter Damian (writing in 1064) and Gregory VII (writing in 1073), relied upon Adelaide to enforce clerical celibacy and protect the monasteries of Fruttuaria and San Michele della Chiusa. By contrast, Alexander II (writing c. 1066/7) reproached Adelaide for her dealings with Guido da Velate the simoniac Archbishop of Milan. [...]

Adelaide is a featured figure on Judy Chicago's installation piece The Dinner Party, being represented as one of the 999 names on the Heritage Floor.