Ramon IV Berengar

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 7 Aug 1162, Borgo San Dalmazzo, Piedmont, Italy

Notes:

Called "The Holy." Count of Barcelona, Gerona, Osona, and Cerdagne.

Ramon married Petronila of Aragón, Queen of Aragón in Aug 1150 in Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain. Petronila (daughter of Ramiro II, King of Aragón & Navarre and Agnes of Aquitaine) was born on 29 Jun 1136 in Huesca, Aragón, Spain; died on 13 Oct 1173. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

1. Alfonso II, King of Aragón, Sobrarbe, and Ribagorza died on 25 Apr 1196 in Perpignan, Pyrènèes-Orientales, Languedoc-Roussillon, France; was buried in Royal Abbey of Santa Maria de Poblet, Conca de Barberà, Catalonia, Spain.
2. Dulce of Barcelona was born about 1159; died on 1 Sep 1198 in Coimbra, Portugal.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 19 Jul 1131, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain

Notes:

"The Great." Count of Barcelona.

Ramon married Dulce de Gévauden on 3 Feb 1112. Dulce (daughter of Gilbert of Gévauden and Gerberga of Provence) was born after 1092; died between 28 Nov 1127 and 1130. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Countess of Provence.

Notes:

"The Fratricide"; "The Towhead". Count of Barcelona. "Killed while hunting in the woods of Perxa del Astor."

Ramon married Mahalta of Apulia before 13 Jul 1078. Mahalta (daughter of Robert Guiscard and Sigelgaita di Salerno) was born about 1059; died on 19 Sep 1108. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Between 1111 and 1112

Notes:

Count of Gévauden; Viscount of Millau and Lodeve; Count of Provence. Also called Gilbert of Millau.

Gilbert married Gerberga of Provence. Gerberga (daughter of Geoffrey I and Etiennette) was born about 1060; died in 1115. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Countess of Provence; Countess of Arles.

Ancestral Roots [111:26] gives her as a daughter of Fulk (Bertrand), Count of Provence, citing Europäische Stammtafeln, but the discussion in this SGM thread suggests that this is an error on ES's part and that she was, as most other sources have her, a daughter of Fulk (Betrand)'s father, Geoffrey I of Provence.

Notes:

"The Old". Count of Barcelona.

Ramon married Almodis de La Marche after Apr 1053. Almodis (daughter of Bernard I and Amelie) was born about 1010; died on 16 Oct 1071. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1020

Notes:

Married Hugh V of Lusignan around 1038. After three children, he divorced her "due to consanguinity" and arranged for her to marry Pons of Toulouse. She had several children by Pons and was still married to him in 1053 when she was abducted by Ramon Berenguer I, Count of Barcelona, who kidnapped her from Narbonne with help from his ally, the Muslim emir of Tortosa. Ramon married her immediately and set about getting her with children. Pope Victor II excommunicated them both, but the writ was rescinded in 1056.

From Wikipedia:

Almodis maintained contact with her former husbands and many children, and in 1066/1067 she traveled to Toulouse for her daughter's wedding [Almodis, who married Count Pierre of Melgueil]. A few years before, in 1060, [her first husband] Hugh V of Lusignan had revolted against his lord, Duke William VIII of Aquitaine, in support of Almodis' son [by her second husband] William IV of Toulouse.* Her sons supported one another in military campaigns; Hugh VI of Lusignan [by her first husband], Raymond IV of Toulouse [by her second], and Berenguer Ramon [by her third] all took the Cross.

*****

She was murdered in October 1071 by one Pere-Ramon who had been Ramon Berenguer's heir before Ramon married her. Wikipedia: "He was disinherited and exiled for his crime, and fled the country. When his father died in 1076, Barcelona was split between Berenguer Ramon and Ramon Berenguer, Almodis' sons. The family history of murder did not end with Pedro Ramon, as Berenguer Ramon earned his nickname 'The Fratricide' when he killed his own twin brother."

*****

* See her first husband Hugh V's entry: she seems to have persuaded him to enter the fray on behalf of her son by husband #2, and he lost his life by so doing.

Notes:

"Robert Guiscard (c.?1015 - 17 July 1085) was a Norman adventurer conspicuous in the conquest of southern Italy and Sicily. Robert was born into the Hauteville family in Normandy, went on to become Count of Apulia and Calabria (1057-1059), and then Duke of Apulia and Calabria and Duke of Sicily (1059-1085). His sobriquet, in contemporary Latin Viscardus and Old French Viscart, is often rendered 'the Resourceful', 'the Cunning', 'the Wily', 'the Fox', or 'the Weasel'. In Italian sources he is often Roberto il Guiscardo or Roberto d'Altavilla (from Robert de Hauteville)." [Wikipedia]

The Byzantine historian Anna Comnena described Robert Guiscard:

"This Robert was Norman by birth, of obscure origins, with an overbearing character and a thoroughly villainous mind; he was a brave fighter, very cunning in his assaults on the wealth and power of great men; in achieving his aims absolutely inexorable, diverting criticism by incontrovertible argument. He was a man of immense stature, surpassing even the biggest men; he had a ruddy complexion, fair hair, broad shoulders, eyes that all but shot out sparks of fire. In a well-built man one looks for breadth here and slimness there; in him all was admirably well-proportioned and elegant...Homer remarked of Achilles that when he shouted his hearers had the impression of a multitude in uproar, but Robert's bellow, so they say, put tens of thousands to flight." [The Alexiad of Anna Comnena, trans. E. R. A. Sewter (London: Penguin, 1969), p. 54.]

Robert married Sigelgaita di Salerno in 1058. Sigelgaita (daughter of Gaimar IV of Salerno and Gemma) was born about 1040; died in 1090. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Viscount of Millau and Rodez; Viscount of Carlat.

Berenger married Adele de Carlat. Adele (daughter of Girbert and Nobilia de Lodève) was born in 1060; died in 1115. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Josfred. Count of Provence.

Geoffrey married Etiennette. Etiennette died in 1095. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Douce, Estève. French-language Wikipedia says she was "perhaps" a daughter of William II, viscount of Marseilles (d. 1031).

Notes:

Also called "The Crooked"; "The Hunchback". Count of Barcelona, Girona, and Ausona from 1018 to his death.

Berengar married Sancha Sanchez in 1021. Sancha (daughter of Sancho Garcia and Urraca Gomez) died on 26 Jun 1026. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 1047

Notes:

Comte de la Marche and Périgord.

Bernard married Amelie. Amelie was born about 985; died in 1072. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Ainal. She is shown in various sources as of the families d'Angoulême, de Montignac, or d'Aulnay, but her parentage is unknown.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 980

Notes:

"Tancred of Hauteville (980-1041) was an 11th-century Norman petty lord about whom little is known. His historical importance comes entirely from the accomplishments of his sons and later descendants. He was a minor noble near Coutances in the Cotentin. Various legends arose about Tancred which have no supporting contemporary evidence that has survived the ages." [Wikipedia]

Tancred married Fressenda. Fressenda died in 1057. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

"Guaimar IV (c. 1013 - ass. 2 or 3 June 1052) was Prince of Salerno (1027-1052), Duke of Amalfi (1039-1052), Duke of Gaeta (1040-1041), and Prince of Capua (1038-1047) in Southern Italy over the period from 1027 to 1052. He was an important figure in the final phase of Byzantine authority in the Mezzogiorno and the commencement of Norman power." [Wikipedia]

Assassinated by the his wife's four brothers.

Gaimar married Gemma. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Viscount of Millau and Rodez.

Richard married Richilde. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Viscount of Carlat.

Girbert married Nobilia de Lodève. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 4 Mar 1019

Notes:

Count of Arles, 967. Marquess of Provence from before 967 to 993-94. ]

Guillaume married Gerberga of Mâcon. Gerberga (daughter of Otto-William of Burgundy and Ermentrude de Roucy) died between 1020 and 1023. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Aft 1019

Notes:

Also called Gerberge de Bourgogne.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 25 Feb 1018

Notes:

Count of Barcelona.

Ramon married Ermensinde of Carcassonne between 990 and 991. Ermensinde (daughter of Roger I of Carcassonne and Adelaide de Pons) was born about 972; died on 1 Mar 1057. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 1 Mar 1058

Notes:

Count of Castile.

Sancho married Urraca Gomez. Urraca (daughter of Gomez Diaz and Munia Fernández) died on 20 May 1025. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Count de la Marche and of Périgord.

Adelbert married Aisceline of Limoges. Aisceline (daughter of Geraud of Limoges and Rothilde de Brosse) died between 1007 and 1010. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

"Guaimar III (also Waimar, Gaimar, Guaimaro, or Guaimario and sometimes numbered Guaimar IV) (c. 983 - 1027×31) was the Lombard prince of Salerno from around 994 to his death. Under his reign, Salerno entered an era of great splendour. Opulenta Salernum was the inscription on his coins. He made Amalfi, Gaeta and Sorrento his vassals and annexed much of Byzantine Apulia and Calabria." [Wikipedia]

Gaimar married Gaitelgrima of Capua. Gaitelgrima (daughter of Pandolfo III of Benevento) died after 1027. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Gaitelgrima de Benevento.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 994

Notes:

Count of Arles, 967. Marquess of Provence from before 967 to 993-94. Sometimes enumerated as Guillaume II.

Guillaume married Adelaide-Blanche of Anjou after 984. Adelaide-Blanche (daughter of Foulques II "Le Bon" and Gerberge) was born between 945 and 950; died in 1026 in Montmajour, Bouches-du-Rhone, Provence, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

"Wife of four husbands, and the ancestress of important comital families through three of her marriages, Adélaïde, alias Blanche, was also briefly queen of France, and the mother of another French queen. Yet, in the early nineteenth century, scholars were still confused about her identity. Her story has to be pieced together from various records which, for example, mention an Alaiz, mother of count Pons de Gévaudan, or a Blanca, wife of Louis V, king of France, or an Adelaidis, cui prenomen erat Candida, mother of queen Constance, and only in hindsight is it clear that these records refer to the same woman. The discovery of the work of the historian Richer in the 1830's added a key piece to the puzzle by mentioning three of Adélaïde's marriages, but historians were slow to take advantage of the new information. Nevertheless, by the late nineteeth century, historians had accepted that Adélaïde, alias Blanche, daughter of Foulques II of Anjou, had been successively married to Étienne de Brioude (at the time often incorrectly called count of Gévaudan), king Louis V of France, and Guillaume I (or II) of Provence, and that she was the mother by the last of queen Constance, wife of king Robert II of France, although the marriage to Raymond of "Gothia" was still widely doubted. More recently, in the face of clear proof that Adélaïde was the mother of Guillaume "Taillefer", count of Toulouse, it has been recognized that her marriage to the obscure Raymond was genuine." [The Henry Project]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Buried: 21 Sep 1027, Dijon Cathedral, Dijon, Côte-d'Or, Burgundy, France

Notes:

Count of Burgundy.

Also called Othon Guillaume.

Otto-William married Ermentrude de Roucy. Ermentrude (daughter of Renaud I and Alberade de Lorraine) was born about 950; died on 5 Mar 1002. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 5 Mar 1003
• Alternate death: 5 Mar 1004
• Alternate death: 1005