Joan de Willoughby

Notes:

Possibly actually named Katherine de Willoughby.

Joan married William Astley before 1370. William (son of Thomas de Astley and Elizabeth de Beauchamp) was born before 1345 in of Astley, Warwickshire, England; died before Apr 1421. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 12 Nov 1448

Joan married Reynold Grey before 7 Feb 1415. Reynold (son of Reynold de Grey and Eleanor le Strange) was born about 1362 in of Ruthin, Denbighshire, Wales; died on 30 Sep 1440. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

John married Elizabeth before 5 Feb 1434. Elizabeth died after Dec 1447. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Elizabeth Ferrers. Elizabeth (daughter of Henry Ferrers and Isabel Mowbray) was born about 1419; died before 24 Jan 1483. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: of Enville, Staffordshire, England

Robert married Eleanor Lowe before 1447. Eleanor (daughter of Humphrey Lowe and Alice Butnore) died after 1474. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: William Knyvet. William (son of John Knyvet and Alice Lynne) was born between 1440 and 1441 in of Buckenham, Norfolk, England; died on 25 Nov 1515. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Elizabeth Talbot. Elizabeth (daughter of John Talbot and Joan Cheddar) was born in 1452 in Nutley, Sussex, England; died on 8 Sep 1487. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Killed in the Second Battle of St. Albans, fighting for the Lancastrians.

John married Elizabeth Woodville, Queen Consort of England in 1452. Elizabeth (daughter of Richard Woodville and Jacquetta of Luxembourg) was born in 1437 in Grafton Regis, Northamptonshire, England; died on 8 Jun 1492 in Bermondsey Priory, Surrey, England; was buried on 12 Jun 1492 in St. George's Chapel, Windsor, Berkshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: of Whittington, Staffordshire, England
• Alternate birth: Bef 1449

Family/Spouse: Anne Fielding. Anne (daughter of William Fielding and Agnes Seyton alias St. Liz) was born in of Lutterworth, Leicestershire, England; died before 20 Oct 1507. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Edmund Knyvet (d. 1504) = Eleanor Tyrell (d. 1514)
Thomas Knyvet (d. 1512) = Muriel Howard (b. 1486)
Henry Knyvet (d. 1547) = Anne Pickering (1496-1582)
Henry Knyvet (1539-1598) = Elizabeth Stumpe (d. 1585)
Catherine Knyvet = Thomas Howard (1561-1626)
Theophilus Howard (1584-1640) = Elizabeth Hume
Henry Howard (1627-1709) = Mary Stuart (1648-1682)
Charles Howard (1675-1733) = Mary Elizabeth Tattershall (1613-1664)
Charles Howard (1707-1771) = Penelope Foley (1708-1748)
Mary Howard (1740-1770) = Erasmus Darwin (1731-1802)
Robert Waring Darwin (1766-1848) = Susanna Wedgwood
Charles Robert Darwin (1809-1882)

Family/Spouse: Eleanor Tyrrell. Eleanor (daughter of William Tyrrell and Margaret Darcy) died in 1514. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Elizabeth married Edmund Dudley after 1500. Edmund (son of John Dudley and Elizabeth Bramshott) was born about 1462; died on 18 Aug 1510 in Tower Hill, London, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Cecily Bonville. Cecily (daughter of William Bonville and Catherine Neville) was born between 1460 and 1461; died on 12 May 1529 in Shacklewell, Hackney, Middlesex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Richard Saint Barbe. Richard (son of John Saint Barbe and Jane Sydenham) was born between 1470 and 1480 in of Ashington, Somerset, England; died on 10 Dec 1530. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also spelled Knevet. Sergeant Porter to Henry VIII. Keeper of the King's Woods in Rockingham Forest.

Family/Spouse: Jane Bourchier. Jane (daughter of John Bourchier and Katherine Howard) died on 17 Feb 1562. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

1st Duke of Northumberland.

John married Jane Guildford before 1526. Jane (daughter of Edward Guildford and Eleanor West) was born about 1504; died on 22 Jan 1555 in Chelsea, Middlesex, England; was buried on 1 Feb 1555 in Chelsea, Middlesex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

2nd Marquess of Dorset.

Thomas married Margaret Wotton in 1509. Margaret died after 6 Oct 1535. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Third son of Richard Saint Barbe and Margery Grey. He was a member of Henry VIII's privy council, and one of the witnesses who signed that king's will.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1510, of Homington, Wiltshire, England

Notes:

Second son of Richard Saint Barbe and Margery Grey. He was a merchant based in Salisbury. In 1547 he purchased the manor of Homington, Wiltshire and the vicarage of Compton Chamberlaine from his brother William Saint Barbe, who was a member of Henry VIII's privy council.

Thomas St. Barbe (d. 1563) = Joan (d. 1573)
George St. Barbe = Mary Warburton
Ursula St. Barbe = William Ussher (d. 1671)
Adam Ussher, Archdeacon of Clonfert (1650-1713) = Rebecca Wye (d. 1694)
William Ussher, Archdeacon of Clonfert (1680-1744) = Mary Jenney
Mary Jenney Ussher = Richard Molesworth (d. 1758)
Henrietta Molesworth = John Staples (1736-1820)
Elizabeth Staples = Rev. Hugh Hamilton
Rev. Thomas Hamilton (1826-1905) = Mary Warren (1826-1916)
Florence Augusta Hamilton (1862-1908) = Albert James Lewis (1863-1929)
Clive Staples Lewis (1898-1963)

Making TWK a ninth cousin twice removed to C. S. Lewis.

Family/Spouse: Joan. Joan died after 17 Jan 1573. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: of Plumstead, Norfolk, England
• Alternate death: Bef 1561

John married Agnes Harcourt about 1538. Agnes (daughter of John Harcourt and Margaret Barantyne) died in 1578. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Guildford married Jane Grey, Queen of England on 21 May 1553 in Durham House, London, England. Jane (daughter of Henry Grey and Frances Brandon) was born in Oct 1537 in Bradgate, Leicestershire, England; died on 12 Feb 1554 in Tower Hill, London, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

1st Duke of Suffolk. 3rd Marquess of Dorset.

Family/Spouse: Frances Brandon. Frances (daughter of Charles Brandon and Mary Tudor) was born on 16 Jul 1517 in Hatfield, Hertfordshire, England; died on 11 Nov 1559 in London, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Alice Symbarbe.

Alice married Christopher Batt on 8 Jul 1568 in St. Martin's, Salisbury, Wiltshire, England. Christopher (son of John Batt and Margaret Thistlethwaite) was born between 1538 and 1540; died before 31 Aug 1581; was buried on 31 Aug 1581 in St. Martin's, Salisbury, Wiltshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Abigail married Martin Sedley in 1577. Martin (son of Martin Sedley and Elizabeth Mounteney) was born about 1531 in of Morley, Norfolk, England; died about 1609; was buried on 10 Feb 1610 in St. Peter's Chapel, Morley, Norfolk, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Known to history as Lady Jane Grey, the "Nine Days Queen."

Jane married Guildford Dudley on 21 May 1553 in Durham House, London, England. Guildford (son of John Dudley and Jane Guildford) died on 12 Feb 1554 in Tower Hill, London, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Katherine married Henry Herbert on 21 May 1553. Henry (son of William Herbert and Ann Parr) was born after 1537; died on 19 Jan 1601 in Wilton, Wiltshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Thomas married Joane Byley on 29 Sep 1600 in St. Edmund's, Salisbury, Wiltshire, England. Joane (daughter of Henry Byley and Alice Holmes) died before 24 Dec 1623; was buried on 24 Dec 1623 in St. Edmund's, Salisbury, Wiltshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Muriel married Brampton Gurdon on 8 Jul 1606 in St. Peter's, Morley, Norfolk, England. Brampton (son of John Gurdon and Amy Brampton) was born in 1566 in of Assington, Suffolk, England; died before 2 Apr 1650; was buried on 2 Apr 1650 in Assington, Suffolk, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 10 Aug 1661, Boston, Suffolk, Massachusetts

Notes:

One of TWK's twelve proven "gateway ancestors." He and his family emigrated in 1638 on the Bevis. First at Newbury, then Salisbury, then Boston about 1651.

He was a tanner, then, in Boston, a merchant. Died after being accidentally shot by his son. Ian Watson (citation details below) notes that "the additional detail that the son was 'firing at a mark in his orchard' was reported as early as 1845 by Tristram Coffin and has been repeated many times since, but we are not aware of a reliable contemporary source for it."

Christopher married Anne Baynton on 12 Oct 1629 in St. Edmund's, Salisbury, Wiltshire, England. Anne (daughter of Ferdinando Baynton and Jane Weare alias Browne) was born on 23 Sep 1602; was christened on 30 Dec 1602 in St. Edmund's, Salisbury, Wiltshire, England; died between 14 Mar 1679 and 21 May 1679 in Boston, Suffolk, Massachusetts. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 22 Apr 1688, Hulme, Lancashire, England
• Alternate death: Bef 25 Apr 1688

Notes:

One of JTS's eleven proven "gateway ancestors."

She went to New England with he husband in 1635, but by 1643 it was evident that colonial life was taking a serious toll on her health. On 10 May 1643 Richard Saltonstall was granted permission to leave the Massachusetts General Court due to her illness. They returned to England late in 1645; he then went immediately back to New England.

"There is no evidence that Muriel Saltonstall was ever in New England again. Henry Newcome saw the Saltonstalls at Hulme in Lancashire on 19 June 1667, and reported that she was very weak. She died in 1688. Newcome preached her funeral sermon at Didsbury. Muriel Saltonstall's dislike of New England apparently extended to a desire that her portrait should not be sent to Massachusetts after her death." [Abandoning America, citation details below.]

Muriel married Maj. Richard Saltonstall on 4 Jul 1633 in All Hallows, Honey Lane, London, England. Richard (son of Richard Saltonstall and Grace Kaye) was born before 1 Oct 1610; was christened on 1 Oct 1610 in All Hallows', Almondbury, Yorkshire, England; died on 29 Apr 1694 in Hulme, Lancaster, England; was buried on 2 May 1694 in St. James', Didsbury, Lancashire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Anne married Edmond Angier on 12 Jun 1657 in Cambridge, Middlesex, Massachusetts. Edmond (son of John Angier and Ann Sherman) was born before 31 Mar 1612; was christened on 31 Mar 1612 in Dedham, Essex, England; died on 4 Mar 1692 in Cambridge, Middlesex, Massachusetts. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Jane married Dr. Peter Toppan on 3 Apr 1661 in Newbury, Essex, Massachusetts. Peter (son of Abraham Toppan and Susanna Taylor) was born in Aug 1633; was christened in Aug 1633 in Great Yarmouth, Norfolk, England; died on 3 Nov 1707 in Newbury, Essex, Massachusetts. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Nathaniel married Elizabeth Ward on 28 Dec 1663 in Haverhill, Essex, Massachusetts. Elizabeth (daughter of Rev. John Ward and Alice) was born on 1 Apr 1647 in Haverhill, Essex, Massachusetts; died on 29 Apr 1741 in Haverhill, Essex, Massachusetts. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Elizabeth married Jonathan Pierpont on 29 Oct 1691. Jonathan (son of Robert Pierpont) died on 2 Jun 1709 in Reading, Middlesex, Massachusetts. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Samuel married Abigail Wigglesworth on 23 Dec 1700 in Malden, Middlesex, Massachusetts. Abigail (daughter of Rev. Michael Wigglesworth and Martha Mudge) was born on 20 Mar 1681 in Malden, Middlesex, Massachusetts; died on 28 Jan 1771 in Newbury, Essex, Massachusetts. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Elizabeth married Rev. Rowland Cotton in Sep 1692 in z. Rowland (son of Rev. John Cotton and Joanna Rossiter) was born on 27 Dec 1667 in Plymouth, Plymouth Colony; died on 18 Mar 1722 in Sandwich, Barnstable, Massachusetts. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Enoch Sawyer. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 28 Feb 1720, Newbury, Essex, Massachusetts

Notes:

Also spelled Toppan. Graduated Harvard in 1742, taught school in Haverhill, and was ordained and installed as pastor over the Congregational Church in Manchester in December of 1745, a position he held until his death forty-five years later.

Benjamin married Elizabeth Marsh on 5 Oct 1746. Elizabeth (daughter of David Marsh and Mary Moody) was born on 29 Jun 1723 in Haverhill, Essex, Massachusetts; died on 24 Sep 1807 in Manchester, Essex, Massachusetts. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Joanna married Rev. John Brown in 1719 in Sandwich, Barnstable, Massachusetts. John (son of Ichabod Brown and Martha Woodbury) was born on 1 Nov 1696 in Cambridge, Middlesex, Massachusetts; died on 2 Dec 1742 in Haverhill, Essex, Massachusetts. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Thomas Parsons. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 21 Oct 1747, Manchester, Essex, Massachusetts

Notes:

He was a goldsmith and a storekeeper. According to Tappan-Toppan Genealogy (citation details below), he marched with other volunteers from Northampton to meet the forces of Burgoyne at Saratoga.

Benjamin married Sarah Holmes on 22 Oct 1770 in Boston, Suffolk, Massachusetts. Sarah (daughter of William Homes and Rebecca Dawes) was born on 2 Jan 1748 in Boston, Suffolk, Massachusetts; died on 21 Mar 1826 in Northampton, Hampshire, Massachusetts; was buried in Bridge Street Cemetery, Northampton, Hampshire, Massachusetts. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

John Wingate Thornton calls her merely "a dau." of "Rev. J. Brown, of Haverhill" and his wife Joanna Cotton, but he is specific that she was the wife of "Rev. Edw. Brooks of North Yarmouth, Me."

Abigail married Rev. Edward Brooks in Sep 1764. Edward (son of Samuel Brooks and Mary Boutwell) was born on 31 Oct 1733 in Medford, Middlesex, Massachusetts; was christened on 4 Nov 1733; died on 6 May 1781 in Medford, Middlesex, Massachusetts; was buried in Oak Grove Cemetery, Medford, Middlesex, Massachusetts. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Fitzwilliam Sargent. Fitzwilliam (son of Winthrop Sargent and Judith Sanders) was born on 14 Aug 1768 in Gloucester, Essex, Massachusetts; died on 6 Oct 1822 in Newton, Middlesex, Massachusetts. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

"[A]n Ohio judge and Democratic politician who served in the Ohio State Senate and the United States Senate. He was an early settler of the Connecticut Western Reserve in northeastern Ohio and was one of the first settlers in Portage County and the founder of the city of Ravenna, Ohio." [Wikipedia]

"TAPPAN, Benjamin, a Senator from Ohio; born in Northampton, Mass., May 25, 1773; attended the public schools; apprenticed as printer and engraver; traveled to the West Indies; studied painting with Gilbert Stuart; studied law; admitted to the bar in Hartford, Conn., and commenced practice in Ravenna, Ohio, in 1799; member, State senate 1803-1805; moved to Steubenville, Ohio, in 1809 and continued the practice of law; served in the War of 1812; held several local offices; county judge; judge of the fifth Ohio Circuit Court of Common Pleas 1816-1823; presidential elector on the Democratic ticket in 1832; United States district judge of Ohio 1833; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1839, to March 3, 1845; chairman, Committee to Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses (Twenty-seventh and Twenty-eighth Congresses), Committee on the Library (Twenty-seventh Congress); censured by the Senate in 1844 for breach of confidence for passing copies of a proposed treaty with Texas to the press; died in Steubenville, Jefferson County, Ohio, April 20, 1857; interment in Union Cemetery." [Biographical Dictionary of the United States Congress]

An Ohio state historical marker placed in the year 2000 at Ravenna reads: "BENJAMIN TAPPAN, JR. (1773-1857) - The founder of Ravenna Township in 1799, Benjamin Tappan, Jr. led a distinguished life of public service. An aggressive force in local politics, he served in the Ohio Senate from 1803 to 1805, as judge of the fifth court of common pleas from 1816 to 1823, and as a Federal district judge from 1826 to 1833. Tappan served as aid-de-camp to Major General Elijah Wadsworth following the surrender of Detroit in the War of 1812, provisioning and arming local militia units defending the northwest frontier against a possible British invasion."

After his retirement from electoral politics, in 1838 Benjamin Tappan formed a law partnership with Edwin M. Stanton, who would later be Secretary of War throughout the Civil War, under both Lincoln and Johnson. It was Johnson's attempt to fire Stanton that led to his impeachment. Tappan's son Benjamin Stanton, M.D. (1812-1884) married, as his first wife, in May 1838, Oella Stanton, sister of Edwin M. Stanton.

Benjamin married Elizabeth "Betsy" Lord in 1823. Elizabeth (daughter of Abner Lord and Mary Selden) was born on 16 Jul 1784 in Lyme, New London, Connecticut; died on 14 Jun 1840. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

"Arthur Tappan was a New York drygoods merchant, and an abolitionist. He was widely known as a patron of religious and patriotic organizations, endowed Lane Seminary at Cincinnati, a professorship at Auburn Theological Seminary, and built Tappan Hall at Oberlin College, Ohio; he assisted in founding the Journal of Commerce and the Emancipator, and was first president of the Anti-Slavery Society. He aided in sustaining the Liberator, and by paying an enormous fine, freed William Lloyd Garrison from the Baltimore jail. One of the most notable of his benefactions was his paying the tuition of one hundred divinity students for four years at Yale College." [Tappan-Toppan Genealogy, citation details below]

From Wikipedia (accessed 9 May 2021):

In 1826, a year after the Erie Canal was completed, Arthur and his brother Lewis moved to New York City, the new national center of business and retail trade, where they established a silk importing business. With Samuel Morse, in 1827 the brothers founded the New York Journal of Commerce.

Arthur and Lewis Tappan were successful businessmen, but commerce was never their foremost interest. They viewed making money as less important than saving souls. They made the Journal of Commerce a publication free of "immoral advertisements." Arthur Tappan's summer home in New Haven, Connecticut, was destroyed by a mob in 1831 (along with a black hotel and a black home) after his support for a surprisingly unpopular (New Haven Excitement) proposal of a college for African Americans in that city.

Both men suffered in the anti-abolitionist riots of 1834, in which mobs attacked their property. Arthur Tappan was one of two signatories who issued a disclaimer on behalf of the American Anti-Slavery Society, of which he was president, in the aftermath of the riots, emphasising its dedication to abolishing slavery within the existing laws of the United States.

"In the great commercial crisis of 1837 he suffered immense losses; and not long after turned his attention to other and more retired occupations, by which he obtained a comfortable subsistence for his family, and the ability still to contribute, though on a greatly diminished scale, throughout his protracted life." [The Life of Arthur Tappan by Lewis Tappan, 1870, page 405.] Their philanthropic efforts crippled and pledges not met, the Tappans were forced to close their silk-importing business, and almost their paper, but the brothers persevered. In the 1840s, they founded another lucrative business enterprise when they opened the first commercial credit-rating service, the Mercantile Agency, a predecessor of Dun and Bradstreet.

The Tappan brothers made their mark in commerce and in abolitionism. Throughout their careers, the Tappans devoted time and money to philanthropic causes as diverse as temperance, the abolition of slavery, and their support of new colleges in what was then the west of the country: successively, the Oneida Institute, Lane Theological Seminary, the Lane Rebels at Cumminsville, Ohio, and Oberlin Collegiate Institute. Their beliefs about observing Sabbath extended to campaigns against providing stagecoach service and mail deliveries on Sundays.

In 1833, while a principal owner of the Journal of Commerce, Arthur Tappan allied with William Lloyd Garrison and co-founded the American Anti-Slavery Society. Arthur served as its first president, and there was in 1835 a reward of $20,000 (equivalent to $495,677 in 2019) for his capture and delivery to New Orleans.

He resigned in 1840 because of his opposition to the society's new support of women's suffrage and feminism. Their early support for Oberlin College, a center of abolitionist activity, included $10,000 to build Tappan Hall. Oberlin's green Tappan Square now occupies the site.

Continuing their support for abolition, Arthur and his brother founded the American and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society in 1840 and the American Missionary Association in 1846. After the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 was passed, Tappan refused to comply with the new law and donated money to the Underground Railroad. The brothers' positions on the slavery issue were not universally popular. In early July 1834, Lewis Tappan's New York home was sacked by a mob, who threw his furniture into the street and burned it.

The Tappans and the Journal of Commerce attracted bitter criticism for their campaign to free the Africans who had taken over the slave ship Amistad in 1839. James Gordon Bennett, Sr.'s rival New York Morning Herald denounced "the humbug doctrines of the abolitionists and the miserable fanatics who propagate them," particularly Lewis Tappan and the Journal of Commerce.

Arthur Tappan died in 1865, Lewis in 1873. Both men lived long enough to see the Emancipation Proclamation and the 13th Amendment eliminate slavery in the United States, granting freedom to millions of African Americans. Arthur is buried in the Grove Street Cemetery, New Haven.

Arthur married Frances Antill on 18 Sep 1810. Frances was born on 4 May 1785 in Montréal, Québec; died on 21 Jul 1863 in New Haven, New Haven, Connecticut; was buried in Grove Street Cemetery, New Haven, New Haven, Connecticut. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Buried at Green-Wood, section E, lot 19728.

"He was a drygoods merchant in New York City, a philanthropist and anti-slavery advocate, the partner in business of his brother, Arthur Tappan. He was a leading founder of the American Missionary Association." [Tappan-Toppan Genealogy, citation details below]

His many books and tracts include Address to the Non-Slaveholders of the South: On the Social and Political Evils of Slavery (1843); The Fugitive Slave Bill: Its History and Unconstitutionality (1850); American Slavery (1852); The War: Its Causes and Remedy (1861); Is It Right To Be Rich? (1869); and The Life of Arthur Tappan (1870).

From Wikipedia (accessed 9 May 2021):

Lewis Tappan [...] was a New York abolitionist who worked to achieve freedom for the enslaved Africans aboard the Amistad. Tappan was also among the founders of the American Missionary Association in 1846, which began more than 100 anti-slavery Congregational churches throughout the Midwest, and after the American Civil War, founded numerous schools and colleges to aid in the education of freedmen.

Contacted by Connecticut abolitionists soon after the Amistad arrived in port, Tappan focused extensively on the captive Africans. He ensured the acquisition of high-quality lawyers for the captives, which led to their being set free after the case went to the United States Supreme Court. With his brother Arthur, Tappan not only gained legal help and acquittal for the Africans, but also managed to increase public support and fundraising. Finally, he organized the return trip home to Africa for surviving members of the group.

Lewis Tappan was the brother of Senator Benjamin Tappan and abolitionist Arthur Tappan. His middle-class parents were strict Congregationalists. Once Lewis was old enough to work, he helped his father in a dry goods store. On his sixteenth birthday, he ventured into other areas of commerce, and ultimately started The Mercantile Agency in 1841 in New York City. The Mercantile Agency was the precursor to Dun & Bradstreet (D&B) and modern credit-reporting services. (D&B is still in existence today.)

Convinced by Arthur to read a biography of William Wilberforce, who led the cause for abolition in Great Britain, Tappan started his quest for abolition in the United States. [...]

Despite his Congregationalist upbringing, Lewis Tappan became attracted to Unitarianism for intellectual and social reasons. William Ellery Channing, a Unitarian minister, became Tappan's pastor. As a peace advocate, Channing played an influential role in Tappan's decision to join the Massachusetts Peace Society. In 1827 his brother Arthur convinced him to return to a Trinitarian denomination. Tappan joined Arthur in the Congregational church. Lewis Tappan initially supported the American Colonization Society (ACS), which promoted sending freed blacks from the United States to Africa, based on the assumption that this was their homeland, regardless of where they were born.

Frustrated by the slow progress of the ACS, Tappan and a sizable nucleus of men, including his brother Arthur, Theodore Dwight Weld, Gerrit Smith, Amos A. Phelps, and James Gillespie Birney, left the ACS to join what was to become known as the "immediatist" camp, who wanted to end slavery in the United States. Weld gained considerable influence following the move of the Tappan brothers to this group. In December 1833, at Philadelphia, Lewis Tappan joined activists such as William Lloyd Garrison to form the American Anti-Slavery Society.

The departure of the Tappans from the ACS is partially explained by the death of an African whom they repatriated. Captured in Africa and enslaved in Mississippi, Abdulrahman Ibrahim Ibn Sori was a Fulani prince. He would have had potentially lucrative trade contacts in Africa. Partly for business reasons, the Tappans focused on Ibrahim's repatriation, which was finally achieved. Shortly after reaching his homeland, however, Ibrahim died in 1829. This ended the Tappans' hopes of easily establishing significant African trade.

The Tappan brothers were Congregationalists and uncompromising moralists; even within the abolitionist movement, other members found their views extreme. Lewis Tappan advocated intermarriage (at the time called "amalgamation") as the long-range solution to racial issues, as all people would eventually be mixed race. He dreamed of a "copper-skinned" America where race would not define any man, woman, or child. Tappan characterized the arrival of the Amistad and its Africans on American shores as a "providential occurrence" that might allow "the heart of the nation" to be "touched by the power of sympathy."

The Tappan brothers created chapters of the American Anti-Slavery Society (AAS) throughout New York state and in other sympathetic areas. Although Tappan was popular among many, opponents of abolition attacked his homes and churches by arson and vandalism.

Lewis began a nationwide mailing of abolitionist material, which resulted in violent outrage in the South and denunciation by Democratic politicians, who accused him of trying to divide the Union. In the North, the mailings generated widespread sympathy and financial support for the American Anti-Slavery Society. By 1840, however, the anti-slavery program had expanded and the movement splintered.

After 1840, church-oriented abolitionism became dominant. That year Tappan formed the American and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society in disagreement with the AAS. The latter allowed a woman, Abby Kelley, to be elected to serve on the AAS business committee. Because of his strict religious beliefs, Tappan opposed the participation of women in an official capacity in the public society.

Tappan founded the abolitionist Human Rights journal and a children's anti-slavery magazine, The Slave's Friend.

"In July, 1831, Lewis Tappan, Gale, and others founded the Society for Promoting Manual Labor in Literary Institutions ['literary institutions' being schools], and later in the same year persuaded Theodore Weld, a living, breathing, and eloquently-speaking exhibit of the results of manual-labor-with-study, to accept the general agency." [A History of Oberlin College by Robert Samuel Fletcher, 1943] Manual labor--most commonly agricultural, or in a print shop--was supposed to bring students the physical and moral (psychological) benefits of exercise, while providing a type of financial aid to needy students. Among the charges to Weld, who in 1832 traveled over 4,500 miles (7,200 km) and gave over 200 lectures on manual labor and temperance, was "to find a site for a great national manual labor institution where training for the western ministry could be provided for poor but earnest young men." [Ibid.] At the recommendation of Weld, the Tappans supported the new Lane Theological Seminary in Cincinnati. When Weld led a mass exodus to Oberlin, it then received their support.

In 1841, the Amistad case went to trial. Tappan attended each day of the trials and wrote daily accounts of the proceedings for The Emancipator, a New England abolitionist paper. He was a frequent contributor. Throughout the trials in New Haven, Connecticut, Tappan arranged for several Yale University students to tutor the imprisoned Africans in English. The lessons included their learning to read New Testament scriptures and to sing Christian hymns. The Africans later drew from these skills to raise funds to return to Africa.

After achieving legal victory in the US Supreme Court, Tappan planned to use the Amistad Africans as the foundation for his dream to Christianize Africa. The village of Mo Tappan, site of a mission to the Mende people, in modern Sierra Leone, is named for him.

In 1846, Tappan was among the founders of the American Missionary Association (AMA), led by Congregational and Presbyterian ministers, both white and black. It linked anti-slavery activists of the East with Ohio and other Midwestern activists. In addition, it took over managing numerous disparate missions: an Oberlin, Ohio mission to the Red Lake-area Ojibwe, a mission to Jamaica, a Mende mission to the Amistad Africans, and a mission to escaped blacks living in Canada. As the AMA grew in influence, it expanded its enterprises. Among these, it began 115 anti-slavery Congregational churches in Illinois, aided by anti-slavery ministers such as Owen Lovejoy there.

In 1858, Tappan was the Treasurer of the AMA. Under the leadership of President Lawrence Brainerd, Tappan, Foreign Corresponding Secretary Rev. George Whipple, and Home Missions Corresponding Secretary Rev. S.S. Jocelyn, the AMA opposed the long-established and powerful American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions and American Home Missionary Society because of what the AMA alleged was their complicity with slavery. During and after the American Civil War, Tappan and his brother Arthur worked from New York with the AMA on behalf of freedmen in the South. In postwar efforts, it led the founding of numerous schools and colleges for freedmen, the historically black colleges and universities (HBCU).

Unwilling to reduce his commitment to U.S. government action against slavery in the southern states, Tappan and other radical political abolitionists denounced the Democratic Party as essentially pro-slavery. Though mistrustful of politicians, Tappan supported various antislavery parties that culminated in formation of the Republican Party. In both 1860 and 1864, Tappan voted for Abraham Lincoln.

Tappan supported the Emancipation Proclamation but believed that additional liberties were necessary. He wrote to Charles Sumner: "When will the poor negro have his rights? Not, I believe, until he has a musket in one hand and a ballot in the other."

Lewis married Susanna Aspinwall on 7 Sep 1813. Susanna was born on 17 Jul 1790 in Brookline, Norfolk, Massachusetts; died on 24 Mar 1853 in Brooklyn, Kings, New York; was buried in Walnut Street Cemetery, Brookline, Norfolk, Massachusetts. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Lewis married Sarah Jackson in 1854. Sarah was born on 14 Oct 1807 in Newton, Middlesex, Massachusetts; died on 19 Jul 1884 in Brooklyn, Kings, New York; was buried in East Parish Burying Ground, Newton, Middlesex, Massachusetts. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Mary married Samuel Gray on 25 Apr 1799. Samuel (son of Abraham Gray and Lydia Calley) was born on 2 Aug 1760; was christened on 10 Aug 1760 in Lynn, Essex, Massachusetts; died on 21 Jan 1816 in Medford, Middlesex, Massachusetts. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Emily Haskell. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

"[A] American educator, mathematician, author, lawyer and newspaper editor who served as president of Kenyon College, among other public distinctions." [Wikipedia]

"He was educated in the schools of Steubenville, by private tutors, and at St. Mary's College, Baltimore, Md. He studied law with his father and his father's partner, Edwin M. Stanton, who was afterwards Secretary of War under Lincoln. Although admitted to the bar in 1846, Mr. Tappan turned his attention to journalism, publishing for two years a paper called the Ohio Press. He later practiced law in Steubenville, where he was mayor, 1844-5, and superintendent of schools, 1856-9. He was professor of mathematics in the University of Ohio, 1859-60 and 1865-8. He was president of Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio, 1869-75, and commissioner of the Public Schools of Ohio, from 1887 until the time of his death. He was the author of a number of textbooks on mathematics. He received the following degrees: A. M. from St. Mary's, 1860; LL.D., from Williams, 1873, from Washington and Jefferson, 1874, and from several other colleges." [Tappan-Toppan Genealogy, citation details below.]

Eli married Lydia Lucretia McDowell on 4 Feb 1851 in Steubenville, Jefferson, Ohio. Lydia (daughter of Alexander Johnston McDowell and Mary Sheldon) was born on 4 Jul 1825 in Steubenville, Jefferson, Ohio; died on 24 Dec 1904 in Cambridge, Middlesex, Massachusetts; was buried in Steubenville, Jefferson, Ohio. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Bef 17 Oct 1811, Medford, Middlesex, Massachusetts

Henrietta married Ignatius Sargent on 7 May 1835 in Medford, Middlesex, Massachusetts. Ignatius (son of Ignatius Sargent and Sarah Sargent Ellery) was born on 20 Jan 1800 in Gloucester, Essex, Massachusetts; died on 18 Aug 1884 in Brookline, Norfolk, Massachusetts. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Fitzwilliam married Mary Newbold Singer on 27 Jun 1850. Mary (daughter of John Singer and Mary Newbold) was born in 1826; died in 1906. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

"[A]n American novelist and short story writer best known for her acute characterizations and depictions of academic life." [Wikipedia]

Mary married John Henry Wright on 2 Apr 1879 in Gambier, Knox, Ohio. John (son of Rev. Austen Hazen Wright and Catherine Myers) was born on 4 Feb 1852 in Urumiah, Persia; died on 25 Nov 1908 in Cambridge, Middlesex, Massachusetts; was buried in Mount Auburn Cemetery, Cambridge, Middlesex, Massachusetts. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

American botanist. He was appointed in 1872 as the first director of Harvard University's Arnold Arboretum in Boston, Massachusetts, and held the post until his death. He published several works of botany, and he was a friend of John Muir. The standard botanical author abbreviation Sarg. is applied to plants he identified.

Charles married Mary Allen Robeson on 26 Nov 1873. Mary (daughter of Andrew Robeson and Mary Arnold Allen) was born on 14 Jun 1853 in Newport, Newport, Rhode Island; died on 15 Aug 1919 in Brookline, Norfolk, Massachusetts. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

The leading portrait painter of his generation.

Notes:

Author of Islandia, a quasi-utopian novel published eleven years after his death, which has remained almost uninterruptedly in print.

Austin married Margaret Garrad Stone on 14 Nov 1912 in Cambridge, Middlesex, Massachusetts. Margaret (daughter of William Eben Stone and Katherine Maria Fay) was born on 19 Jul 1886 in Cambridge, Middlesex, Massachusetts; died on 1 Sep 1937 in London, England; was buried in Mount Auburn Cemetery, Cambridge, Middlesex, Massachusetts. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

The New York Times, 16 Feb 1959, page 29:

Charles S. Sargent of 960 Park Avenue, a partner in Hornblower & Weeks, stockbrokers at 40 Wall Street, died Friday in Doctors Hospital, after a short illness. His age was 78.

Mr. Sargent, who graduated from Harvard in 1902, had been associated with Kidder, Peabody & Co.

He was a director of the American Express Company, the American Machine and Metals Company, United Merchants and Manufacturers, Inc., the Associated Dry Goods Corporation, the Metropolitan Fire Reassurance Company, and the National Aviation Corporation.

Born in Brookline, Mass., he was the son of Charles Sprague Sargent, Professor of Arboriculture at Harvard and Director of Arnold Arboretum, and Mary Robeson Sargent.

Mr. Sargent was a Mason. His clubs included the Harvard of New York, the Knickerbocker, Links and Ejwanok Country of Manchester, Vt.

Survivors include his widow, Dagmar; three sons, Charles S., Jr., Winthrop, and John T.; a daughter, Mrs. H. M. Havemeyer, and a sister, Mrs. N. B. Potter.

Charles married Dagmar Wetmore on 9 May 1912 in Grace Church, New York, New York. Dagmar (daughter of William Boerum Wetmore and Annette Wetmore) was born on 24 Jan 1888; died in Nov 1984 in New York, New York. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

As a San Francisco newspaper columnist, she coined the word "mondegreen."

"Sylvia Wright, a Writer and Harpers Ex-Editor," in The New York Times, 13 May 1981:

Sylvia Wright, a freelance writer who frequently and humorously commented in national magazines on trends in modern living, died of cancer Saturday at her home in Cambridge, Mass. She was 64 years old.

Miss Wright was also a former editor of Harpers Bazaar. A collection of her magazine articles, ''Get Away From Me With Those Christmas Gifts,'' was published by McGraw-Hill in 1957. She was also the author of a novel, ''A Shark Infested Rice Pudding.''

After her graduation from Bryn Mawr College, Miss Wright edited and prepared for publication ''Islandia,'' a Utopian novel about an imaginary country written by her father, the late Austin Tappen [sic] Wright, who was a professor of law at the University of California at Berkeley and the University of Pennsylvania. The novel, which has been a steady seller, was published in 1942, reissued in 1958. It is currently published by Arno Press Inc. and the New American Library.

At her death, Miss Wright was writing a biography of her great-aunt, Melusina Fay Peirce, an early feminist and first wife of the American physicist, mathematician and philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce.

Miss Wright is survived by her husband, Paul J. Mitarachi; a son, John; a sister, Phyllis King of Manhattan; and two brothers, Benjamin and William Wright.

Notes:

Phyllis Wright and Lowell King were seventh cousins once removed, her being a 6XG-granddaughter of the Rev. James Fitch (1622-1702) and Priscilla Mason (1641-1714), and he being a 7XG-grandson of the same couple.

Phyllis married Lowell King on 27 Sep 1941 in New York, New York. Lowell (son of Clarence Baker King and Alice Darracott Seabrook) was born on 2 May 1920 in New Canaan, Farfield, Connecticut; died on 27 Aug 1969 in New York, New York. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

"John Sargent, Former Doubleday President, Dies at 87." The New York Times, 8 Feb 2012:

John T. Sargent, who as president and later chairman of Doubleday & Company oversaw its expansion from a modest-size family-controlled book publisher to an industry giant with interests extending into broadcasting and baseball, died on Sunday at his home in Manhattan. He was 87.

The death was confirmed by his son, John T. Sargent Jr., the chief executive of Macmillan, the publishing company.

Mr. Sargent, who was already working for Doubleday when he married Neltje Doubleday, granddaughter of the company's founder, Frank Nelson Doubleday, in 1953, was named president and chief executive in 1961. At the time, the company was largely a trade book publisher; it also ran a book club, a New York bookstore and a modest printing concern.

Over the next 17 years, in partnership with Nelson Doubleday Jr., grandson of the founder, Mr. Sargent worked to expand all of those enterprises, largely succeeding in spite of a divorce in 1965 and an insurrection by a minority of the company's shareholders, led by his former wife, who wanted it to go public.

By 1979, the year after he left the presidency and was made chairman, Doubleday was publishing 700 books annually. The company had bought a textbook subsidiary and the Dell Publishing Company, which included Dell paperbacks. It was operating more than a dozen book clubs, including the mammoth Literary Guild; more than two dozen Doubleday bookshops across the country; and four book printing and binding companies.

In addition, Mr. Sargent led the company's expansion into radio and television broadcasting and film production. As chairman, he was involved in the company's purchase of the New York Mets in 1980.

The Doubleday company eschewed publicity and the prying of journalists. "The Sphinx Called Doubleday" was the headline on a 1979 article about the company in The New York Times, which described its publishing ethos this way: "There is no class of book that is considered a 'Doubleday book,' nor is there any book that would automatically be judged unsuitable for the Doubleday imprint. Generally speaking, the house frowns on books loaded with sex, it would be unlikely to publish an anti-Kennedy book since Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis is an editor there, and it doesn't exhaust itself trying to lasso serious literature."

The company may have been known for its secretive ways, but Mr. Sargent was visible among the New York elite, both during business hours and after. A strapping man, dapper and sociable, he was a voracious reader, an erudite speaker and, at one time, a poetry editor who worked with Theodore Roethke, the Pulitzer Prize and National Book Award winner, who became a friend and, according to family lore, spent more than one night sleeping in the Sargent bathtub after an evening of imbibing.

He dined with his famous authors — who included Daphne du Maurier, Peter Benchley, Alex Haley, Leon Uris and Stephen King — and other notable friends; attended A-list parties with socialites like Brooke Astor; frequented the opera; hobnobbed with movie stars. He was a friend and frequent escort of Mrs. Onassis, and hired her as an editor at Doubleday.

"The guy liked dressing up in a tux and going out," his son said. "The publishing world was his world, and the social aspect was part of it. It all folded together."

John Turner Sargent was born on June 26, 1924, and spent his early years in Cedarhurst, on Long Island. (No one in the family knows where, exactly, he was born, his son said, and his birth certificate has not yet been found.) His grandfather was the well-known botanist Charles Sprague Sargent; his father, Charles Jr., worked in finance. He went to St. Mark's School in Massachusetts and spent a year at Harvard before joining the Navy. Prevented from fighting overseas because of a punctured eardrum, he spent the war years "loading bombers in Florida," his son said.

After his discharge he worked briefly for Time magazine and then began at Doubleday, writing book jacket copy, in the late 1940s. Over the next several years he read manuscripts, sold syndication and subsidiary rights, worked as an advertising manager and editor and was business manager of several publishing divisions. As president of the company, he succeeded Douglas Black, who had succeeded Nelson Doubleday Sr.

Mr. Sargent met Ms. Doubleday, a painter who now lives in Wyoming, when he was 28 and she was 18. After their divorce she waged a long battle, enlisting some other shareholders, to get the company to sell shares to the public, but her mother, her brother and her former husband all lined up against her and the effort failed. The company was finally sold to the German conglomerate Bertelsmann in 1986.

A longtime colleague of Mr. Sargent, Samuel S. Vaughan, who served the company as editor in chief and publisher, died on Jan. 30.

In addition to John Jr., Mr. Sargent's survivors include a daughter, Ellen; six grandchildren; his wife, the former Betty Nichols Kelly, whom he married in 1985; and two stepchildren, Elizabeth Lee Kelly and James Hamilton Kelly.

-----

John Turner Sargent Sr. and Neltje Doubleday are 8th cousins, both being 7XG-grandchildren of the Rev. John Ward (1606-1693) and his wife Alice (1612-1680).

John married Neltje Doubleday on 16 May 1953 in Oyster Bay, Long Island, New York, and was divorced in Sep 1965. Neltje (daughter of Nelson Doubleday and Ellen George McCarter) was born in 1934. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Tappan married Beth Ann Meacham on 13 Oct 1978 in New York City. Beth (daughter of Richard Allen Meacham and Marion Ann Gaunder) was born on 14 Nov 1951 in Newark, Licking, Ohio. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

CEO of Macmillan Publishers.

His philanthropic activities include longtime service on the board of directors of Graham Windham, more recently called simply Graham, a nonprofit foster care agency providing services to needy children and families in the New York metropolitan area. Founded in 1806, Graham, the oldest non-sectarian childcare agency in the United States, was originally the Orphan Asylum Society of the City of New York, co-founded by Eliza Hamilton after her husband Alexander Hamilton, himself an orphan, was killed in the famous duel with Aaron Burr — a grandson of John Sargent's 6X-grandfather the Rev. Jonathan Edwards. Thus Aaron Burr's first cousin six times removed has served for years on the board of Eliza Hamilton's orphanage.

He is also the author, under the anagrammatic pen name "S. T. Garne," of two children's books, One White Sail: A Caribbean Counting Book (1992) and By a Blazing Blue Sea (1999).

John married Constance Lane Murray on 21 Sep 1985. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]