Joanna Cunningham

Joanna married Adam More between 1315 and 1316. Adam (son of William Mure and (Unknown) Lindsey) was born about 1290. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Elizabeth Mure.

"Lived with her husband before marriage, the dispensation by Pope Clement VI stating that they had 'many children of both sexes ... fair to behold,' among whom was the future Robert III, born some ten years earlier." [The Ancestry of Charles II, King of England (citation details below)]

Elizabeth married Robert II, King of Scots after 22 Nov 1347. Robert (son of Walter Stewart and Marjory Bruce) was born on 2 Mar 1316 in Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland; died on 19 Apr 1390 in Dundonald Castle, South Ayrshire, Scotland; was buried in Scone Abbey, Perthshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: William Keith. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married John of the Isles about 18 Jul 1350. John (son of Angus Og of the Isles and Agnes O'Cathan) died in 1387 in Ardtornish Castle, Argyll, Scotland; was buried in Iona, Argyllshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1337

Notes:

"[N]amed John at birth, Earl of Carrick and Steward of Scotland prior to his accession, called 'Robert John Fernyear,' legitimated by papal dispensation, declared heir to the Crown by Parliament 27 Mar 1371, dignified and courteous but lame and infirm, considered by the three estates unable to govern or to control transgressors, he delegated power in January 1399 to his son and brother." [The Ancestry of Charles II, King of England (citation details below)]

Robert married Annabella Drummond between 13 Mar 1366 and 31 May 1367. Annabella (daughter of John Drummond and Mary Montfichet) was born about 1350; died in 1401 in Scone, Perthshire, Scotland; was buried in Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 1339
• Alternate death: 2 Sep 1420, Stirling Castle, Stirlingshire, Scotland

Notes:

Earl of Fife and Menteith. Great Chamberlain of Scotland 1383-1407. Created Duke of Albany 28 Apr 1398. Created Earl of Atholl 2 Sep 1403.

"[G]ained the earldom of Fife in 1372, created Duke in 1398, guardian of Scotland during part of the reigns of Robert II and III, governor of the kingdom 1406-20." [The Ancestry of Charles II, citation details below]

Robert married Margaret Graham before 14 May 1363. Margaret (daughter of John Graham and Mary) was born about 1334; died between 20 Jul 1372 and 4 May 1380. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

"[H]eiress of Dalserf and Gaston, living as late as 1421, ancestress by her first husband of the Hamiltons of Cadzow (who got Dalserf), settled Galston on her second husband and their heirs about 1383, referred to as 'his mother' by John Stewart of Darnley, Constable of the Scots, in a petition granted at Rome, 25 February 1421/2, a charter of hers as 'Domina de Gallyston' in favor of her son Andrew Hamilton, dated at Dalserf, 11 December 1406, was witnessed by Sir William Hamilton and John Stewart of Cruickistoun [i.e. Darnley], each styled her son." [The Ancestry of Charles II, citation details below]

Janet married Alexander Stewart about 1383. Alexander (son of Alexander Stewart and Joanna) was born in of Galston, East Ayrshire, Scotland; died before 24 May 1402. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Bef Aug 1420

Notes:

Also called Donald of Ile, Yle, Islay. Lord of the Isles. Earl of Ross.

"As Lord of the Isles he dealt as a sovereign power with England, and was reckoned an ally by both England and France. In right of his wife he claimed the Earldom of Ross. The details of his claim are not known; nor is it known whether, in his expedition in 1411, he was invading Scotland as a foreign enemy, or as claimant to the Earldom. When he set out from Inverness in that year, his force was composed of men of the Isles and of Ross (the latter returned to his obedience); and he was undoubtedly in possession of Dingwall Castle, the chief seat of the Earldom. He was defeated at Harlaw in the Garioch, 24 July 1411, in one of Scotland's bloodiest battles. Donald ?ed; the Regent took possession of Dingwall, and in the following year exacted hostages at Polgylbe (Lochgilp) for the keeping of the peace." [Complete Peerage, citation details below]

Donald married Mary Leslie before 1388. Mary (daughter of Walter Leslie and Eupheme de Ross) died before Jan 1437. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Aft 1377
• Alternate death: Aft 1425
• Alternate death: Aft 1457
• Alternate death: Aft Feb 1462

Notes:

Also called Marion Stewart.

Mary married George Douglas after 24 May 1397. George (son of William de Douglas and Margaret Stewart) was born between 1378 and 1380; died in 1403 in England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Mary married William de Graham before 15 May 1416. William (son of Patrick de Graham and Matilda) was born in of Kincardine, Fife, Scotland; died in 1424. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

"[I]n captivity in England nineteen years, stern, severe but just, strengthened the Crown against the nobility and attempted to reform the Church and to establish the king's law throughout the country, skilled in music and poetry, murdered by rebels who sought to displace his line with that of the descendants of Robert II by his second wife." [The Ancestry of Charles II, King of England (citation details below)]

James married Joan Beaufort on 12 Feb 1424 in St. Mary Overy's, Southwark, Surrey, England. Joan (daughter of John Beaufort and Margaret Holand) died on 15 Jul 1445 in Dunbar, East Lothian, Scotland; was buried in Perth, Perthshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Thomas Boyd. Thomas (son of Robert Boyd and Margaret Giffard) was born about 1370 in of Kilmarnock, Ayrshire, Scotland; died after 16 Jul 1425. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Marcellina Stewart.

Family/Spouse: Duncan Campbell. Duncan (son of Colin Campbell and Mariota Campbell) died in 1453; was buried in Kilmun, Argyll & Bute, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Joan married Robert Stewart after 27 Sep 1397. Robert (son of John Stewart and Isabel of Argyll) died before 1449. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Killed at the Battle of the Herrings.

"Constable of the Scots in French service, made a foundation in Orléans Cathedral in 1421, a knight banneret by 1 August 1425, granted by Charles VII the lordships of Aubigny and Concressault and the county of Évreux, with the right to bear his arms quartered with those of France, slain leading an attack on forces commanded by Sir John Fastolf." [The Ancestry of Charles II, citation details below]

John married Elizabeth of Lennox after 23 Sep 1406. Elizabeth (daughter of Duncan of Lennox and Helen Campbell) died in Nov 1429 in France; was buried in Orléans, Loiret, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: John Stewart. John (son of Robert Stewart and Joan Stewart) was born in of Lorne, Argyll, Scotland; died on 20 Dec 1463 in Dunstaffnage, Argyle and Bute, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Sep 1437

Notes:

2nd earl of Angus. He and his wife were 5X-great grandparents of James VI and I (1566-1625).

"He was one of the negotiators for the release of James I [S.] in 1423. Was Ambassador to England, 1430, and Warden of the Middle Marches, 1433. He defeated the English at Piperden, 10 Sep. 1435."[Complete Peerage, citation details below]

CP dates his marriage to about 1425, but The Ancestry of Charles II (citation details below) notes that the prenuptial dispensation for the marriage was dated 6 Jan 1414/15.

William married Margaret Hay about 1414 in Yester Castle, Gifford, East Lothian, Scotland. Margaret (daughter of William Hay and Elizabeth) was born about 1400; died after 22 Apr 1484. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Annabella married George Gordon before 10 Mar 1460, and was divorced on 24 Jul 1471 in Aberdeen, Scotland. George was born before 1442. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Killed at the siege of Roxburgh Castle when one of the large cannons he had imported from Flanders, nicknamed "The Lion," exploded next to him.

"[V]igorous and successful in his personal reign, popular with the people but not with the great nobles, suppressed the Black Douglas." [The Ancestry of Charles II, King of England (citation details below)]

James married Mary of Guelders on 3 Jul 1449 in Holyrood, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. Mary (daughter of Arnold van Egmond and Katherina of Kleve) was born on 17 Jan 1433 in Grave, Brabant, Netherlands; died on 1 Dec 1463 in Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland; was buried in Church of the Holy Trinity, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Alexander Montgomery. Alexander (son of John Montgomery and Agnes of the Isles) was born about 1385; died after 7 Oct 1469. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Joanna Montgomery. Joanna (daughter of John Montgomery and Agnes of the Isles) was buried in Kilmarnock, Ayrshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 1432

Notes:

Also called Gillespic Campbell; Celestin Campbell.

"He is said to have married, first, Elizabeth, daughter of John, third Lord Somerville of Carnwath; and secondly, a daughter of Murdac, Duke of Albany, Regent of Scotland, but there is no proof of this last unless she was a natural daughter." [The Scots Peerage, citation details below]

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

2nd Lord Lorne. He sat in the Scottish parliament as Lord Lorne in 1449, 1452, and 1455. He died at Dunstaffnage Castle of wounds inflicted by Alan M'Coule.

"His murder resulted from his intended marriage to his longtime Maclaren mistress, mother of his son Dugald, who would thereby have been legitimated and made eligible to succeed to the lordship, displacing John's three legitimate daughters, who were all married to Campbells. To prevent this the Campbells hired Alan MacCoull to murder Lord Lorne before the marriage could take place. The wedding party was ambushed on its way from the castle to the Chapel of Dunstaffnage. Lorne was repeatedly stabbed and mortally wounded; the assassins hastened off to occupy the castle. Lorne had himself carried into the chapel and the wedding ceremony was completed; he died an hour later. Dugald's succession was contested by the Campbells. After some years of intermittent warfare a compromise was reached by which Dugald retained only Appin, the northern part of the lord- ship; he was the founder of the Clan Stewart of Appin. -- The above is the traditional account, but it has been argued to be an invention on the ground that John Stewart had entailed Lorne to his brother Walter, who sold it to [his son-in-law Colin Campbell]. However, John held Castle Gloom (now Castle Campbell) and considerable other lands, not entailed, lands, whose inheritance Dugald's legitimacy vel non would affect." [Brice McAdoo Clagett, citation details below]

Family/Spouse: Fingula of the Isles. Fingula (daughter of Donald MacDonald and Mary Leslie) died before 1463. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Robert Erskine. Robert (son of Thomas Erskine and Janet Keith) died between 7 Sep 1451 and 6 Nov 1452. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: William Stewart. William (son of John Stewart and Marion Stewart) was born in of Dalswinton, Dumfriesshire, Scotland; died about 1479. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

"Sieur d'Aubigny […] never knighted, still in Scotland 21 September 1419, in French service until 1437, when he returned to Scotland, only to be slain by Sir Thomas Boyd the next year." [The Ancestry of Charles II, citation details below]

Alan married Katherine Seton in 1428. Katherine (daughter of John Seton and Catherine Sinclair) was born about 1410; died before 7 Feb 1478. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Colin Campbell. Colin (son of Archibald Campbell) died on 10 May 1493. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

4th Earl of Angus.

George married Isabel Sibbald before 1446. Isabel (daughter of John Sibbald and Joan Livingston) died between 1 Dec 1500 and Feb 1503. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Aft 1471

Notes:

Also Eleanor, Elene, etc.

"In an action pursued by her against her mother-in-law, Christian, Lady Graham, in 1474, the latter successfully pleaded the exception 'again ye said Elene yt scho suld be under sentence of cursing.'" [The Scots Peerage, citation details below]

Helen married William Graham before 1460. William (son of Patrick de Graham and Christian Erskine) was born about 1426; died about 1471. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Mary married James Hamilton between Feb 1474 and Mar 1474. James (son of James Hamilton and Janet Livingstone) was born about 1415; died on 6 Nov 1479. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 31 May 1452, Castle of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, Scotland

Notes:

"[P]ious and a lover of arts and letters, but avaricious and poorly served by his counselors, defeated at Sauchieburn by his rebellious lords under the Earl of Angus and Lord Home and stabbed to death after a fall from his horse." [The Ancestry of Charles II, King of England (citation details below)]

James married Margaret of Denmark on 13 Jul 1469 in Holyrood Abbey, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. Margaret (daughter of Christian I, King of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden and Dorothea of Brandenburg) was born on 23 Jun 1456; died on 14 Jul 1486 in Stirling, Stirlingshire, Scotland; was buried in Cambuskenneth Abbey, Stirlingshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: of Ardrossan, Ayrshire, Scotland

Notes:

"Bailie of Cunningham 31 January 1447/8, which office was resigned by his father in his favor." [The Ancestry of Charles II, citation details below]

Alexander married Elizabeth Hepburn about 1440. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Mariota Maxwell. Mariota died in 1473. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

1st Earl of Argyll. Called "Colin Mule" or "Colin Maol", Bold Earl Colin.

From Wikipedia (accessed 2 May 2021):

In 1453, when his father died, young Colin Campbell was placed in the custody of his uncle, Colin Campbell, 1st of Glenorchy, and succeeded his grandfather, Duncan Campbell, 1st Lord Campbell, to become 2nd Lord Campbell. In 1457, he was created Earl of Argyll by King James II of Scotland, who was grateful for the loyalty of his father during the troubles early in his reign. In 1460, Campbell had a commission as Bailie of Cowal.

His uncle Colin arranged his marriage with Isabella Stewart, daughter and co-heiress of John Stewart, Lord Lorne (d. 1463). Through this marriage, he received Castle Gloom (he would change the name of the castle to "Castle Campbell" in February 1490), and the neighboring estate in the parish of Dollar in Clackmannanshire. Castle Campbell then became the primary seat of the Earls and Dukes of Argyll for the next two centuries.

The exact date of the marriage is unknown, but in 1460, shortly after the boy-king, James III of Scotland, came to the throne, Campbell was called upon to intervene in a feud in his wife's family. Allan MacDougall (called Allan of Lorne of the Wood), desiring to hold the estates belonging to his elder brother, John Ker of Lorne, seized his brother and imprisoned him in a dungeon on the island of Kerrera, with the intention of starving him to death. Campbell appeared with a fleet of war galleys and completely defeated MacDougall, burning his fleet, killing most of his men, and restoring the elder brother to his rightful inheritance.

Colin Campbell was often sent on diplomatic missions, the first in 1463, when King James III sent him to negotiate a truce with King Edward IV of England. One of the main terms was that neither king would support the enemies of the other.

In 1464, Campbell was made master of the King's household. In 1465, he was appointed Lord Justiciary of Scotland, south of the Firth of Forth, a position he held in conjunction with Robert Boyd, 1st Lord Boyd, until Boyd fell out with the King and fled to England later in 1469, at which time, Campbell held the position alone. In 1466, he founded a chapel dedicated to St. Ninian at Dunure in Ayrshire.

As a result of his marriage with Isabel Stewart, Campbell acquired the title Lord Lorne in 1469, which had previously been held by his wife's uncle, John Stewart. In exchange for this title, Campbell gave Stewart other lands, and Stewart received the title Lord Innermeath. Having received the title Lord Lorne, Campbell took the symbol of the galley from the Lorne heraldry as part of his Achievement. In the event that he might never have a male heir, he entailed the lordship of Lorne to his uncle Colin; if his uncle were to die, to his other uncle, Duncan Campbell; then to Colin Campbell of Arduquholm and to the heirs male of his body, which failing, then to his brothers, Archibald and Robert. In 1471, he received the heritable offices of Justiciary and Sheriff of Lorne.

On 15 January 1472, King James III granted Dunoon Castle to Campbell and his heirs, with the power to appoint constables, porters, jailers, watermen, and other necessary offices. At the same time, he granted him the lands of Borland. On 20 February 1473, Campbell was made Justiciar, Chamberlain, Sheriff, and Bailie within the King's lordship of Cowal. Then on 8 May 1474, he received a charter to erect his town of Inverary into a burgh of barony.

In 1474, Campbell was again sent as a commissioner to treat with King Edward IV, regarding breaches of the truce. In the resulting pact, which was to endure until July 1483, a marriage was arranged between Prince James Stewart of Scotland (King James III's son) and Princess Cecily of England (King Edward IV's daughter), a match which did not come to pass due to continued hostilities between the two nations.

In 1475, when King James III was trying to subjugate John of Islay, Earl of Ross, Campbell was given a commission of lieutenancy to execute the forfeiture of the Earl of Ross' lands. In 1479, he was confirmed in the offices of Lieutenant and Commissary of Argyll, which had been held by his ancestors, Gillespic and Colin Campbell, since 1382.

Further favors came to the Earl of Argyll in 1480, when the King granted him 160 marklands of the lordship of Knapdale, including the keeping of Castle Sween, for one silver penny in blench farm, i.e., nominal rent. This property had formerly belonged to the Earl of Ross. Early in 1483, King James III appointed Campbell as Lord High Chancellor of Scotland and awarded him the lands of Pinkerton in the barony of Dunbar, probably for Campbell's loyalty to the King during the rebellion of Archibald Douglas, Earl of Angus, which had led to the murder of some of King's favorites, after the confrontation at Lauder in 1482. These lands had previously been held by the King's brother, Prince Alexander Stewart, Duke of Albany, who was in league with the Earl of Angus.

In 1484, Campbell was active in diplomatic campaigns. In July, he was sent as a commissioner to Paris to renew the "ancient league" between France and Scotland, a mission completed on 9 July. Then on 21 September, once King James III had gotten the upper hand against the rebels, he was part of the delegation who met with King Richard III of England at Nottingham to conclude peace, a treaty which was to run until September 1487. He was also appointed to periodically meet with the English at Berwick to determine whether or not the stipulations in the treaty were being followed. To strengthen the resolve of the parties and to keep the truce, a second marriage was arranged, between Prince James Stewart and Lady Ann de la Pole (1476–1495), daughter of John de la Pole, 2nd Duke of Suffolk, and a niece of King Richard III. This second marriage negotiation collapsed as a result of King Richard's defeat at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485.

Campbell threw in with the rebels, after Parliament had strengthened King James's hand against the rebellious nobles in October 1487. At about this time, the King forced Campbell out of the chancellorship, in favor of William Elphinstone, Bishop of Aberdeen. In 1488, Campbell was not present at the Battle of Sauchieburn on 11 June, or in the days following, because he was in England on an embassy to King Henry VII of England having been sent there on behalf of Prince James Stewart and the rebels to seek English help against King James III.

After Prince James was crowned as James IV, he restored Campbell to the position of High Chancellor. Furthermore, the new king gave him the lands of Rosneath in Dunbartonshire on 9 January 1490, which remained in the Campbell family until 1939. Campbell continued in favor with King James IV, and on 21 December 1491, he was one of the conservators of the truce between England and Scotland, which was extended to 1496. One author has claimed that, one reason James III of Scotland has long had a sinister reputation is that "such accounts as we have of him are written by the partisans of his unruly nobles, such as the Earls of Argyll, Lennox, and Angus".

Colin Campbell, 1st Earl of Argyll, died in 1493, and was buried at Kilmun Parish Church on Cowal Peninsula. He was succeeded by his eldest son, Archibald Campbell.

Family/Spouse: Isabel Stewart. Isabel (daughter of John Stewart and Fingula of the Isles) died on 26 Oct 1510 in Dumbarton, Dunbartonshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Patrick de Graham. Patrick (son of Alexander Graham) died after 24 Jun 1466. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

3rd of Garlies.

Family/Spouse: Elizabeth Douglas. Elizabeth (daughter of Archibald Douglas) was born in of Cavers, Roxburghshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Between 1428 and 1429, of Darnley, Renfrewshire, Scotland
• Alternate death: 11 Sep 1495

Notes:

First Lord Darnley, and first Earl of Lennox of the Stewart line.

Direct paternal great-great-great grandfather of James VI and I of Scotland and England.

"[E]stablished his rights as Earl only after long controversy and then resigned the earldom's lands to his son in 1490, reserving his liferent […] [b]y which means he did not denude himself of the earldom but rather directed its destination." [The Ancestry of Charles II, citation details below]

"Throughout his life Darnley's overriding ambition was to validate his claim to all or part of the earldom of Lennox. He was the grandson of John Stewart of Darnley and Elizabeth of Lennox, who were married shortly after 23 September 1406. Elizabeth was one of the three daughters of Duncan, earl of Lennox (executed in 1425). After 1437 Lennox had been held by Earl Duncan's eldest daughter, Isabella, duchess of Albany and countess of Lennox, the widow of Murdoch, duke of Albany. Isabella died without any legitimate heirs and in the years following her death Darnley pursued a claim to half of Lennox as the grandson of Countess Isabella's sister Elizabeth. The other half of the earldom was claimed by Sir John Haldane of Gleneagles and John Napier of Merchiston, husbands of the granddaughters of Earl Duncan's third daughter, Margaret of Lennox. Darnley's most serious rival, however, was Andrew Stewart, Lord Avondale, chancellor of the kingdom, who was the illegitimate son of Countess Isabella's son Walter." [Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, citation details below]

John married Margaret Montgomery before 20 Jul 1461. Margaret (daughter of Alexander Montgomery and Elizabeth Hepburn) was born about 1442; died before 1527. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

2nd Earl of Argyll.

From Wikipedia (accessed 2 May 2021):

He was made Master of the Royal Household of James IV of Scotland on 24 March 1495. After a crisis of law and order in the west of Scotland, Argyll was made governor of Tarbert Castle and Baillie of Knapdale, and this was followed by an appointment as Royal Lieutenant in the former Lordship of the Isles on 22 April 1500. Argyll eventually rose to the position of Lord High Chancellor of Scotland. His "clan" was rivalled only by Clan Gordon.

The Earls of Argyll were hereditary Sheriffs of Lorne and Argyll. However, a draft record of the 1504 Parliament of Scotland records a move to request Argyll to hold his Sherriff Court at Perth, where the King and his council could more easily oversee proceedings, if the Earl was found at fault. The historian Norman Macdougall suggests this clause may have been provoked by Argyll's kinship with Torquil MacLeod and MacLean of Duart. These western chiefs supported the suppressed Lordship of the Isles.

The Earl of Argyll was killed at the Battle of Flodden on 9 September 1513, with the king and many others. He is buried at Kilmun Parish Church.

Family/Spouse: Elizabeth Stewart. Elizabeth (daughter of John Stewart and Margaret Montgomery) was born about 1470; died about 1500. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Earl of Angus.

Archibald married Elizabeth Boyd on 4 Mar 1468. Elizabeth (daughter of Robert Boyd and Mariota Maxwell) died before 21 Feb 1497. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

"Lord Graham sat in the Parliaments of James III in 1479, 1481, 1482 and 1487, and supported the cause of that monarch against his son and the confederated Lords, being present on the royal side at the battle of Sauchieburn, 11 June 1488. He was soon received into favour, and even familiar friendship, by James IV, and sat in this sovereign's first Parliament 6 October 1488, and in the second 6 February 1491-92. His principal acquisitions were the estates of Aberuthven and Inchbrakie in Perthshire. Between 7 July7 and 20 November 1503 he was created EARL OF MONTROSE, and sat as such in Parliament 3 February 1505-6. On 3 March 1504-5 as William, Earl of Montrose, he had had a charter upon his own resignation of the lands of Old Montrose, which lands, the charter bears, belonged hereditarily to him by the grant of Robert I and the confirmation of David II under their Great Seals, to his predecessors, and which James IV now erected into the free barony and earldom of Montrose. Of the same date he had three other charters, viz. a new erection of the barony of Kincardine, of Aberuthven, Inchbrakie, and others united into a barony of Aberuthven, and of Kynnaber in Forfarshire also erected into a barony. The Earl accompanied James IV in his ill-starred invasion of England, and fell at Flodden, 'sub vexillo regis,' along with his brother George of Callendar, and his brother-in-law, Sir William Edmondstone of Duntreath, 9 September 1513." [The Scots Peerage, citation details below.]

Agnes married Walter Forrester before 1489. Walter (son of Duncan Forrester and Margaret Forsythe) was born about 1460 in of Torwood and Garden, Stirlingshire, Scotland; died between 8 Feb 1527 and 27 May 1528. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Living Apr 1531.

Elizabeth married Matthew Stewart between 9 Apr 1494 and 18 Apr 1494. Matthew (son of John Stewart and Margaret Montgomery) was born about 1465; died on 9 Sep 1513 in Flodden Field, Northumberland, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Killed at the battle of Flodden Field. "[B]rave, chivalrous, patron of learning and the Church, he kept the nobles in check but must be held responsible for the disaster at Flodden." [The Ancestry of Charles II, King of England (citation details below)]

Family/Spouse: Margaret Drummond. Margaret (daughter of John Drummond and Elizabeth Lindsay) died in 1502. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

James married Margaret Tudor on 8 Aug 1503 in Holyrood Abbey, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. Margaret (daughter of Henry VII, King of England and lord of Ireland and Elizabeth of York, Queen Consort of England) was born on 28 Nov 1489 in Westminster Palace, Middlesex, England; died on 18 Oct 1541 in Methven Castle, Perthshire, Scotland; was buried in Perth, Perthshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Contrary to The Scots Peerage and other sources, she was not the Margaret Montgomery who was contracted to marry this John Stewart on 15 May 1438. That Margaret Montgomery was this Margaret Montgomery's great-aunt.

Margaret married John Stewart before 20 Jul 1461. John (son of Alan Stewart and Katherine Seton) was born in 1429 in of Darnley, Renfrewshire, Scotland; died between 31 Aug 1495 and 11 Sep 1495. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Elizabeth married Archibald Douglas on 4 Mar 1468. Archibald (son of George Douglas and Isabel Sibbald) was born about 1449; was christened between 29 Nov 1513 and 31 Jan 1514 in Whithorn, Galloway, Scotland; died in Whithorn, Galloway, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 1472

Notes:

"William, second Lord Graham, sat in Parliament 9 October 1466, and, on 23 November following, had a protection from Edward IV, along with his relative Patrick, Bishop of St. Andrews, and others, for two years, to come to England, and thence to go to France, Flanders, etc., and return to Scotland. It is known that Bishop Graham went to Rome, and remained there for some years, but how far Lord Graham availed himself of the protection is doubtful. He sat in Parliament again on 14 October 1467 and 21 November 1469, and died about the year 1471." [The Scots Peerage, citation details below]

William married Helen Douglas before 1460. Helen (daughter of William Douglas and Margaret Hay) was born about 1436; died after 20 Nov 1486. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Elizabeth married George Campbell before 29 Mar 1466. George (son of George Campbell and Agnes Montgomery) was born about 1440 in of Loudoun, Ayrshire, Scotland; died before 14 Mar 1491. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Not to be confused with her older sister Elizabeth Stewart, who married Archibald Campbell, 2nd Earl of Argyll.

Elizabeth married John Colquhoun about 1480. John (son of Humphrey Colquhoun and Helen Erskine) was born in of Luss, Argyll, Scotland; died between 4 Aug 1535 and 22 Aug 1536. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Matthew married Elizabeth Hamilton between 9 Apr 1494 and 18 Apr 1494. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Not to be confused with her younger sister Elizabeth Stewart, who married John Colquhoun.

Family/Spouse: Archibald Campbell. Archibald (son of Colin Campbell and Isabel Stewart) died on 9 Sep 1513 in near Branxton, Northumberland, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1500

Notes:

Appointed abbot of the Cistercian abbey of Coupar Angus by James V, in whose court his brother Colin Campbell was prominent, Donald Campbell travelled to England, France, and Rome as a Cistercian prelate and diplomat. At the Reformation of 1559-60, he (in the words of The Scots Peerage, citation details below), "put on secular weed" in May 1559. He sat in the Scottish parliament and the Convention of Estates; he was Keeper of the Privy Seal during the reign of Mary, Queen of Scots; and he was a senator of the College of Justice under James V.

"[A] monk of the Cistercian Order; master of arts, probably from St. Salvator's College, Univ. of St. Andrews, where "Donaldus Campbel, nationis albaniae" was admitted 1522; clerk in the Diocese of Lismore by 1525; last Abbot of Coupar Abbey, Co. Angus, 1529- 60; traveled to Rome, England and France as a Cistercian prelate and as a diplomat; one of the visitors of the Scottish universities, 1532; commissary of the chapter-general of the Scottish Cistercian houses; member of the Scots Parliament and Council of State for many years; member of the Privy Council of the Regent Arran; one of the Lords of the Articles; Senator of the College of Justice (Lord of Session); was nominated Bishop of Glasgow, 1548, Bishop of Dunkeld, 1550, and Bishop of Brechin, 1559, but each time failed to receive papal confirmation, apparently because his orthodoxy was suspect; Keeper of the Privy Seal of Scotland, 1552, 1554-62; gave Balgersho, Arthurstone, Keithick, Den-head and Croonan, lands belonging to Coupar Abbey, to his bastard sons; was reputed to be wearing "secular weed," 1559; sat in the Scottish Parliament and the Convention of Estates which established the reformed Church of Scotland, 1560; approved and signed a demand that "he incontinent re-forme his place of Cowper Putting down and birnying oppinlie all Idolis and Imagis and tubernaculis tharin destroying and putting away the altaris And that na mess be thair done heiraftir nowthir privilie nor opinly. And that the super-stitiouse habit of his monkis with their ordour ceremonis and service as you cann it be removit. And that na prayeris be usit in the kirk but in the Inglishe toung And that according to the scriptouris of God" (Scottish Historical Review 21:142) (brother of Colin Campbell, 3d Earl of Argyll (ancestor of the subsequent earls, marquesses and dukes of Argyll, down to the present); Sir John Campbell, jure uxoris of Cawdor, Co. Nairn (ancestor of the Earls Cawdor of Castlemartin, down to the present); Margaret Campbell, Lady Erskine; Isabella Campbell, Countess of Cassilis; Janet Campbell, Countess of Atholl, and Katherine Campbell, wife of Lachlan Cattanach (the Shaggy) Maclean, chief of Clan Maclean; uncle of John Erskine, 6th Lord Erskine, Ist Earl of Mar; Gilbert Kennedy, 3d Earl of Cassilis; John Stewart, 3d Earl of Atholl; Quintin Kennedy, Abbot of Crossraguel; Janet Stewart, Lady Methven, Lady Ruthven; Helen Stewart, Lady Lindsay of the Byres; Elizabeth Campbell, Countess of Moray and Sutherland; John Campbell, Bishop of the Isles; Janet Campbell, Lady Lovat, and Katherine Campbell, Countess of Crawford; great-uncle of Jean Kennedy, Countess of Orkney; Mary Stewart, Countess of Angus; John Stewart, 4th Earl of Atholl, Chancellor of Scotland; Henry Stewart, 2d Lord Methven; Dorothea Stewart, Countess of Gowrie; Eliza-beth Stewart, Countess of Moray; Margaret Stewart, Countess of Erroll; John Gordon, 10th Earl of Sutherland; Patrick Lindsay, 6th Lord Lindsay of the Byres; Hugh Fraser, 5th Lord Fraser of Lovat; James Ogilvy, 5th Lord Ogilvy of Airlie; Margaret Lindsay, Countess of Atholl; John Lindsay, 1st Lord Mennuir, Secretary of State of Scotland, Lord Privy Seal, and Elizabeth Lindsay, Lady Drummond; great-great uncle of Patrick Stewart, 2d Earl of Orkney; John Stewart, Ist Earl of Carrick; Mary Stewart, Lady Gray; Jean Stewart, Lady Lindores, Lady Melville of Raith; James Stewart, 3d Earl of Moray; Margaret Stewart, Countess of Nottingham, Viscountess Monson of Castlemaine; James Erskine, Ist Earl of Buchan; Mary. Erskine, Countess Marischal; Anna Erskine, Countess of Rothes; Margaret Erskine, Countess of Haddington; Elizabeth Stewart, Lady Fraser of Lovat, Countess of Lennox and March, Countess of Arran; Margaret Stewart, Lady Saltoun; Grizel Stewart, Countess of Crawford; Mary Stewart, Countess of Erroll; James Ruthven, 2d Earl of Gowrie; Margaret Ruthven, Countess of Montrose; Sophia Ruthven, Duchess of Lennox and Richmond; Jean Ruthven, Lady Ogilvy of Airlie; Elizabeth Ruthven, Lady Campbell of Loudoun; Sir Donald Campbell, Ist Bart. of Ardnamurchan; Margaret Ogilvy, Countess Marischal; Sir David Lindsay, Ist Lord Lindsay of Balcarres; James Stewart, 2d Earl of Atholl, 7th Lord Innermeath; Margaret Drummond, Lady Elphinstone; James Drummond, 4th Lord Drummond, Ist Earl of Perth; John Drummond, 5th Lord Drummond, 2d Earl of Perth; Lilias Drummond, Countess of Dunfermline, and Jean Drummond, Countess of Roxburghe; great-great-great uncle of Archibald Campbell, 8th Earl and 1st Marquess of Argyll, the Coven-anter, executed 1661; Anne Campbell, Marchioness of Huntly; Annabella Campbell, Countess of Lothian; Jean Campbell, Viscountess Kenmore; James Campbell, Ist Earl of Irvine; Mary Campbell, Lady Rollo; Elizabeth Erskine, Lady Napier; Mary Erskine, Lady Forbes; John Leslie, 7th Earl of Rothes; Mary Leslie, Countess of Eglinton; Margaret Leslie, Countess of Buccleuch and Wemyss; Sir Charles Howard, 3rd Earl of Nottingham, 5th Baron Howard of Effingham; William Keith, 7th Earl Marischal; Sir John Keith, Ist Earl of Kintore; Jean Keith, Lady Pitsligo; Thomas Hamilton, 3d Earl of Haddington; sir James Graham, 5th Earl and 1st Marquess of Montrose, the great commander in chief in Scotland for Charles I and II, Field Marshal of the Empire, executed 1650; Margaret Graham, Lady Napier; Beatrix Graham, Lady Madderty; Sir James Stewart, Ist Lord Ochiltree; George Abernethy, 8th Lord Saltoun; Helen Lindsay, Lady Cranstoun; James Ogilvy, Ist Earl of Airlie; George Ogilvy, Lord Ogilvy de Muirton in the imperial peerage; Alexander Lindsay, 1st Earl of Balcarres; James Stewart, 2d Earl of Atholl, 7th Lord Innermeath; Lilias Elphinstone, Lady Elphinstone; Jean Drummond, Countess of Sutherland; Sir William Drummond, 2d Earl of Roxburghe; Jean Drummond, Countess of Wigtown; Anne Seton, Viscountess Fentoun; Isabel Seton, Countess of Lauderdale; Margaret Seton, Countess of Seaforth, and Sophia Seton, Lady Lindsay of Balcarres." [Brice McAdoo Clagett, citation details below]

Family/Spouse: Margaret. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

George married Elizabeth Drummond between 20 Jul 1485 and 31 Jan 1489. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

She was definitely a daughter of the first earl of Montrose. The will of William Graham, who was killed at the battle of Flodden Field in 1513, acknowledges a debt to the Laird of Luss (i.e. John Colquhoun, father of Humphrey), on account of his daughter's dowry, and also the Laird of Luss younger (i.e. Humphrey).

Burke's Peerage and Burke's Landed Gentry, and thus many online sources, show William Graham's daughters Margaret, Elizabeth, and Helen, in that order, as daughters of William Graham by his second wife Janet Edmondstone.

This cannot be true of Elizabeth. The Complete Peerage 4:470 says that Walter Drummond, grandson of John Drummond and Elizabeth Lindsay, "m., in Feb. 1513/4, his cousin Elizabeth, 2nd da. of William (Graham), 1st Earl of Montrose [S.], by his first wife Annabel, 4th da. of John (Drummond), Lord Drummond abovenamed." It can be seen that if Walter Drummond and his wife Elizabeth were cousins, it would have to be the case that Elizabeth was a daughter of William Graham's first wife, Annabel Drummond.

CP says of Annabel Drummond that "[s]he was living 1492" and that her son William Graham, second earl of Montrose, was "a minor at his father's death", 9 Sep 1513, but "was served heir to him" 24 Oct 1513. The Scots Peerage narrates this latter event in a way that suggests that the younger William was still a minor on 24 Oct 1513: "William […] was under age at the death of his father, but in virtue of the Act of 24 August, was served his heir 24 October, 1513." SP goes on to emphasize and extoll his precocity: "He early displayed qualities of prudence and statesmanship which enabled him, over a long life," [etc.]. CP notes that the younger William "was present in Parl. [S.] 2 Jun 1514" and that he married his only wife, Janet Keith, in Dec 1515. All of which suggests that the second earl attained his majority no earlier than the end of 1513, which means that he has to have been born to Annabel Drummond no earlier than the end of 1492, and given that he could perfectly well have married while still a minor, plausibly as late as 1497 or 1498.

Also, according to SP, William Graham and Annabel Drummond had a second son following William: "Walter, a younger son of the first marriage, who had a tack of Little Cairnie for nineteen years from the Abbot of Inchaffray, 8 January 1541-42, and appears to have been ancestor of the second family of the Grahams of Thornick, afterwards Cairnie." If so, this moves the end of Annabel Drummond's life to no earlier than the end of 1493. And again, given that the first son could easily have been born as late as 1497-98, she was quite possibly still living in 1498-99.

The date of William Graham's marriage to Janet Edmondstone is unknown to us, but the earliest record of them as married is a charter dated 17 Mar 1505. According to CP she died between that date and 15 Apr 1506.

The papal dispensation for Helen Graham's marriage to Humphrey Colquhoun was dated 13 Jul 1509.

If Annabel Drummond died as soon as the records allow, say December 1493, and William Graham married Janet Edmondstone as soon as possible, say the first part of 1494, and Helen Graham was their first child, born say early 1495, then the papal dispensation for her marriage to Humphrey Colquhoun, dated 13 Jul 1509, was issued when she was fourteen. Which is hardly unheard-of among the aristocracy of 15th/16th century Scotland, but also adds up to a pretty tight fit.

Additional to this is the fact that William Graham and Annabel Drummond married in 1479, and yet their eldest son and heir cannot have been born earlier than late 1513. It is implausible that they spent the first dozen years of their marriage having no children. We have seen that daughter Elizabeth has to have been the issue of William and Annabel. Margaret is specified by SP as a daughter of the second marriage. Aside from the fact that this implies, in SP's usual manner of listing offspring, that the other daughters, whose mothers are not noted, were from the first marriage, it also means that Helen, Jean, and Elizabeth are the only known offspring of William Graham whose birth can be used to fill the childbearing years from 1480 to 1492. (The other legitimate child of William Graham, Patrick, is given by SP as his son by his third wife, Christian Wawane.)

Taken together, we think the evidence preponderantly suggests that Helen Graham was a daughter of William Graham's first wife, and probably, as the order of William's children in SP suggests, his eldest daughter.

Helen married Humphrey Colquhoun about 13 Jul 1509. Humphrey (son of John Colquhoun and Elizabeth Stewart) was born in of Luss, Argyll, Scotland; died in Jan 1538. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Knighted before February 1513. Provost of Stirling, 1529-30.

James married Elizabeth Erskine about 1510. Elizabeth (daughter of Robert Erskine and Isabella Campbell) was born about 1492; died before 1 Sep 1532. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

3rd Earl of Lennox.

John married Elizabeth Stewart about 19 Jan 1512. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

"[F]orfeited the Angus Douglas, executed Border reivers, at times went incognito among his people, popular and licentious." [The Ancestry of Charles II, King of England (citation details below)]

James V of Scotland, direct ancestor of TWK, is by far the most recent crowned head to be the direct ancestor of any of this database's root individuals. Through him, TWK is documentably descended from approximately 2500 more minor gentry, two-bit aristocrats, and forgotten royalty than either TNH or JTS, the next two in sheer quantity of known ancestors. Through the wives of James V's grandfather James III and his great-grandfather James II, plus James V's umbilical great-grandmother Jacquetta of Luxembourg, a great number of these TWK ancestors lived in central and eastern Europe. Through James V's mother Margaret Tudor, sister of Henry VIII, TWK is descended from many of the dramatis personae of Shakespeare's history plays and many of the major players in the Wars of the Roses. Finally, through Margaret Tudor's paternal great-grandfather Owen ap Marududd ap Tudur, TWK is descended from dozens if not hundreds of Welsh persons with brain-challenging names like Cynwrig ab Iorwerth ap Gwgon ab Idnerth ab Edryd ab Inethan ab Iasedd ap Carwed ap Marchudd ap Cynan.

James V, King of Scots (1512-1542) = Margaret Erskine
James Stewart, Earl of Moray = Agnes Keith
Elizabeth Stewart (1565-1591) = James Stuart, Earl of Moray
James Stewart, Earl of Moray = Anne Gordon
James Stuart, Earl of Moray = Margaret Home
Mary Stuart = Archibald Campbell, Earl of Argyll (1629-1685)
Archibald Campbell, Duke of Argyll (1658-1703) = Elizabeth Tollemache (1659-1735)
Anne Campbell (1696-1736) = James Stuart, Earl of Bute
John Stuart, Earl of Bute (1713-1792) = Mary Wortley-Montagu (1718-1794)
James Archibald Stuart-Wortley-Mackenzie (1747-1818) = Margaret Cunynghame
Louisa Harcourt Stuart-Wortley-Mackenzie (1781-1848) = George Percy, Duke of Northumberland (1778-1867)
Margaret Percy (1813-1897) = Edward Richard Littleton, Baron Hatherton (1815-1888)
Edward George Percy Littleton, Baron Hatherton (1842-1930) = Charlotte Louisa Rowley (d. 1923)
Edward Charles Rowley Littleton, Baron Hatherton (1868-1944) = HEster Edith Hoskins (d. 1947)
Lilah Cecelia Littleton (b. 1902) = Stewart Sandbach Harrison
Youla Cecilia Harrison (b. 1927) = Leo Claude Vaux Miéville
Claudia Cecilia Vaux Miéville (1949-2007) = [unknown] (d. ~1991)
China Tom Miéville (b. 1972)

James V, King of Scots (1512-1542) = Mary of Guise (d. 1560)
Mary, Queen of Scots (1542-1587) = Henry Stewart, Lord Darnley (1545-1567)
James VI, King of Scots, later James I, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1566-1625) = Anna of Denmark (1574-1619)
Charles I, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1600-1649) = Henrietta Marie de Bourbon (1609-1669)
Charles II, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1630-1685) = Louise Renée de Penancoët de Kéroualle, Duchess of Portland (1649-1734)
Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond (1672-1723) = Anne Brudenell (d. 1722)
Anne Lennox (1703-1789) = William Anne Keppel, 2nd Earl of Albemarle (1702-1754)
George Keppel, 3rd Earl of Albemarle (1724-1772) = Anne Miller (1743-1824)
William Charles Keppel, 4th Earl of Albemarle (1772-1849) = Elizabeth Southwell (1776-1817)
George Thomas Keppel, 6th Earl of Albemarle (1799-1891) = Susan Trotter (1806-1885)
William Coutts Keppel, 7th Earl of Albemarle (1832-1894) = Sophia Mary McNab (1832-1917)
George Keppel (1865-1947) = Alice Frederica Edmonstone (1869-1947) *
Sonia Rosemary Keppel (1900-1986) = Roland Calvert Cubitt (1899-1962)
Rosalind Maud Cubitt (1921-1994) = Bruce Middleton Hope Shand (1917-1946)
Camilla Rosemary Shand (1947- ), = (1) Andrew Henry Parker Bowles (1939- ), = (2) HRH Prince Charles Philip Arthur George (1948- ), now Charles III, King of England


* She is known to have been a mistress of King Edward VII from 1898 forward.

Family/Spouse: Euphemia Elphinstone. Euphemia (daughter of Alexander Elphinstone and Elizabeth Barlow) was born on 11 May 1509; died after 1564. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

James married Madeleine of France on 1 Jan 1537 in Notre-Dame, Paris, France. Madeleine (daughter of François I, King of France) was born in Aug 1520; died on 7 Jul 1537 in Holyrood, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

James married Mary of Guise on 12 Jun 1538 in St. Andrew's, Fife, Scotland. Mary (daughter of Claude de Lorraine and Antoinette de Bourbon) died on 11 Jun 1560 in Edinburgh Castle, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland; was buried in St. Peter's Abbey, Reims, Marne, Champagne-Ardenne, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Not to be confused with her older sister Elizabeth Stewart, who married Archibald Campbell, 2nd Earl of Argyll.

Elizabeth married John Colquhoun about 1480. John (son of Humphrey Colquhoun and Helen Erskine) was born in of Luss, Argyll, Scotland; died between 4 Aug 1535 and 22 Aug 1536. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Matthew married Elizabeth Hamilton between 9 Apr 1494 and 18 Apr 1494. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Not to be confused with her younger sister Elizabeth Stewart, who married John Colquhoun.

Family/Spouse: Archibald Campbell. Archibald (son of Colin Campbell and Isabel Stewart) died on 9 Sep 1513 in near Branxton, Northumberland, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

"Lord Graham sat in the Parliaments of James III in 1479, 1481, 1482 and 1487, and supported the cause of that monarch against his son and the confederated Lords, being present on the royal side at the battle of Sauchieburn, 11 June 1488. He was soon received into favour, and even familiar friendship, by James IV, and sat in this sovereign's first Parliament 6 October 1488, and in the second 6 February 1491-92. His principal acquisitions were the estates of Aberuthven and Inchbrakie in Perthshire. Between 7 July7 and 20 November 1503 he was created EARL OF MONTROSE, and sat as such in Parliament 3 February 1505-6. On 3 March 1504-5 as William, Earl of Montrose, he had had a charter upon his own resignation of the lands of Old Montrose, which lands, the charter bears, belonged hereditarily to him by the grant of Robert I and the confirmation of David II under their Great Seals, to his predecessors, and which James IV now erected into the free barony and earldom of Montrose. Of the same date he had three other charters, viz. a new erection of the barony of Kincardine, of Aberuthven, Inchbrakie, and others united into a barony of Aberuthven, and of Kynnaber in Forfarshire also erected into a barony. The Earl accompanied James IV in his ill-starred invasion of England, and fell at Flodden, 'sub vexillo regis,' along with his brother George of Callendar, and his brother-in-law, Sir William Edmondstone of Duntreath, 9 September 1513." [The Scots Peerage, citation details below.]

Agnes married Walter Forrester before 1489. Walter (son of Duncan Forrester and Margaret Forsythe) was born about 1460 in of Torwood and Garden, Stirlingshire, Scotland; died between 8 Feb 1527 and 27 May 1528. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: (Unknown) Kennedy. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Humphrey married Helen Graham about 13 Jul 1509. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Nicoll Campbell.

"[M]aster of arts; was granted by a royal decree of 1543, entitled Literas Legitimationis Nicola Campbell, all legal and natural rights "as if said Nicholas had been born in lawful wedlock"; was probably the "Nicolaus Campbell, nobilis," from the Diocese of St. Andrews who was a candidate for the M.A. degree at the Univ. of Paris, 1552; Dean of Lismore Cathedral, c. 1564-87; lord of Keithick, Dalvany and Craignatie, Perthshire; bailie of Crunan." [Brice McAdoo Clagett, citation details below]

He lies under a monumental stone at Bendochy parish church. The inscription, translated from Latin, reads:

Under this tomb there lies
the memory of
the very former and
highly skillful man of God
Master Nicholas Campbell of Keithick
who was the grandson of the
former Earl of Argyll
through the
Venerable Father, Lord Donald Campbell,
Abbot of Cupar,
who departed this life in the
year 1587
in the year of his age 70.

Nicholas married Katherine Drummond before 1563. Katherine (daughter of George Drummond and Catherine Hay) was born in of Blair, Perthshire, Scotland; died before 1604. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1490

Archibald married Margaret Tudor on 6 Aug 1514 in Kinnoull, near Perth, Perthshire, Scotland. Margaret (daughter of Henry VII, King of England and lord of Ireland and Elizabeth of York, Queen Consort of England) was born on 28 Nov 1489 in Westminster Palace, Middlesex, England; died on 18 Oct 1541 in Methven Castle, Perthshire, Scotland; was buried in Perth, Perthshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Lady Aikitt, elder, sheriffdom of Ayr.

"In 1578-79, another of [the Colquhoun] clan, Helen Colquhoun, was accused of the 'treasonable administering of poysoun' to her spouse, William Cunninghame of Aiket; but the fragmentary records give us little information about these trials…" ["Poisoning in Scotland", citation details below]

The will of Helene Colquhoun, Lady Aikitt, elder, sheriffdom of Ayr, was proved in the Edinburgh commissary court on 13 Mar 1596.

The 1877 Colquhoun pedigree ("Colquhoun of Luss", citation details below) shows Helen Colquhoun, daughter of Humphrey, marrying a "James" Cunningham of Aiket; it also gives her mother's name as "Katherine", rather than Helen, a mistake that also appears in many Burke's Pedigrees products. In a pair of posts to soc.genealogy.medieval on 10 Oct 2019, John Brandon points out that the papal dispensation of 1509 clearly identifies Humphrey Colquhoun's wife as Helen. As to whether Humphrey Colquhoun's and Helen Graham's daughter Helen was indeed, the Helen who married Cunningham of Aiket, Brandon points to the marriage of Robert Graham of Knockdolian, who was known to have been involved in dealings with William and Helen (Colquhoun) Cunningham, to Christian Graham, daughter of the second William Graham, 2nd earl of Montrose — further evidence of Graham-Colquhoun prosopographical adjancency.

Helen married William Cunningham before 24 Oct 1564. William was born in of Aiket, Ayrshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married Henry Livingston between 4 Dec 1540 and 22 May 1550. Henry was born about 1495 in of Falkirk, Stirlingshire, Scotland; died between 22 Jan 1579 and 5 Nov 1581. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Earl of Lennox.

Matthew married Margaret Douglas on 29 Jun 1544 in St. James Palace, London, England. Margaret (daughter of Archibald Douglas and Margaret Tudor) was born on 8 Nov 1515 in Harbottle Castle, Northumberland, England; died on 9 Mar 1578 in Hackney, Middlesex, England; was buried in Westminster Abbey, Westminster, Middlesex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

1st Earl of Orkney.

From Wikipedia:

Robert Stewart, Knt., 1st Earl of Orkney and Lord of Zetland (Shetland) (1533 – 4 February 1593) was a recognized illegitimate son of James V, King of Scotland, and his mistress Eupheme Elphinstone.

In 1539 Robert was made Commendator of Holyrood Abbey, and Commendator of Charlieu Abbey in France by 1557. On 9 February 1560 he testified against the Hamilton Duke of Châtellerault and Earl of Arran, and the Protestant Lords of the Congregation to James MacGill and John Bellenden of Auchnoule. They were collecting evidence for Henri Cleutin and Jacques de la Brosse, the French advisors of his step-mother Mary of Guise who planned to have the Hamiltons charged with treason against his half-sister, Mary, Queen of Scots and France. Robert himself had signed some of the letters that were to be cited as evidence.

He was knighted as Sir Robert Stewart of Strathdon on 15 May 1565, as part of marriage celebrations of Mary, Queen of Scots and Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley. In 1581 he was named, by James VI, the 1st Earl in a second creation of the Earldom of Orkney. The new earldom replaced a short-lived Dukedom of Orkney, which had been awarded in 1567 by Mary, Queen of Scots, to her notorious third husband James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell. This dukedom was forfeit later that same year after Mary was forced to abdicate and Bothwell was charged with treason. Prior to this dukedom there had existed an Earldom of Orkney that was surrendered in 1470 by William Sinclair, 3rd Earl of Orkney.

Mary wrote a will at Sheffield in 1577 ineffectually declaring his title to Orkney null and void, after Robert was imprisoned in 1575 for obtaining a letter from the King of Denmark declaring him sovereign of Orkney. His crimes included colluding with Shetland pirates. The Earl was imprisoned at Linlithgow Palace. He was released in 1579. He built the Palace of Birsay on Orkney. On his death in 1593 the earldom passed to his son Patrick Stewart, 2nd Earl of Orkney.

From the Scots Peerage:

Robert Stewart of Strathdown was a half-brother of Queen Mary, being a natural son of King James V. by Euphame, daughter of Alexander, first Lord Elphinstone; she married, in 1540, John Bruce of Cultmalundie. Robert was born 1533, and was mentioned in the remainder of the castle and lands of Tantallon, granted to his half-brother James Stewart 31 August 1536, as son of the King by this lady nominatim. He obtained a grant of the Abbey of Holyroodhouse in commendam in 1539. In 1553 he went abroad, and was absent from Scotland for some years. After his return he early joined the Lords of the Congregation against the Queen-mother, and declared himself, according to Knox, to be on the Protestant side. On the return of Queen Mary he was constantly at Court, and had some knowledge of the plot for Darnley's murder. His elder children, legitimate and natural, were provided for out of the temporalities of Holyroodhouse. On 19 December 1564 he obtained a lease of the Crown lands of Orkney and Zetland, but this was revoked when the Queen married Bothwell and created him Duke of Orkney. In 1569, Lord Robert, however, exchanged the temporalities of Holyroodhouse for those of the See of Orkney with Adam Bothwell, Bishop of that Diocese, and in spite of the latter's protest that the proceedings were done by constraint, and also of various revocations and regrants, kept a hold on the earldom and bishopric of Orkney till his death. He was accused in 1571 of treason, having had intrigues with the King of Denmark relative to his islands, was imprisoned by the Regent Morton, and remained in ward until the latter's resignation. In September 1572 he received from Bishop Bothwell three charters of the lands of the bishopric to himself and his wife Jean Kennedy in liferent, and to Henry, their eldest lawful son, whom failing, to Patrick Stewart, his brothergerman, whom failing, to Lord Robert himself, whom failing, to Robert, his natural son, whom failing, to James Stewart, also a natural son, with a remainder to other persons named. He had the satisfaction of assisting at Morton's fall, conveying him to prison. By his nephew King James VI. he was, on 28 October 1581 created Earl of Orkney and Lord of Zetland, with remainder to the heirs of his body, legitimately born, whom failing, to the King. He obtained another entail of the earldom of Orkney, 9 June 1585, and died 4 February 1592-93. He married in 1561 Jean Kennedy, eldest daughter of Gilbert, third Earl of Oassillis, and had issue: 1. Henry, Master of Orkney, mentioned in the entail of the earldom 9 June 1585. He predeceased his father before 1590, when his brother Patrick is styled Master of Orkney. 2. Patrick, his successor. 3. John, created Lord Kinclaven and Earl of Carrick. (See the latter title.) 4. Sir James Stewart of Eday and Tullos, Gentleman of the Bedchamber to King James vi. In spite of the misleading footnote in Wood's Douglas, he was a legitimate son, and is, 1584, described as brother-german of Henry and Patrick, third born. His brother's downfall involved him in difficulties, and he and his eldest son had a protection from their creditors in 1635. He and his wife Margaret Lyon, in 1625, obtained a grant of £900 Scots 'in commiseration of their poore and indigent estate. They had issue:—(1) Colonel Robert Stewart of Eday, ancestor of that family in Orkney. Heirs to the earldom except for the attainder. (2) Colonel John Stewart of Newark, who left issue. (3) Mary, married (contract 1639) to Alexander Bothwell of Glencorse. (4) Margaret. (5) Jean, married, first, to Major George Crichton of Abekie; secondly, to Frederick Lyon of Brigtoun. 5. Sir Robert Stewart of Middleton, described in 1584 as brother-german of Henry, Patrick, and James, and fourth born. He was at one time abroad, and secretary to the Vice-Chancellor of Poland, and then in Ireland. King James VI. wrote to one Stallenge to commend his suit for Elizabeth, daughter of Christopher Kenne, his ward, 14 April 1604. 6. Marie, married (contract 25 November 1585) to Patrick, sixth Lord Gray, as his second wife. 7. Jean, married, first, to Patrick, first Lord Lindores; and secondly, as third wife, to Robert, first Lord Melville of Raith. She survived him, and was alive in 1642. 8. Elizabeth, married to James Sinclair of Murkle, second son of John, Master of Caithness. 9. Barbara, stated to have been married to Hugh or Harry Halcro of Halcro in Orkney.

Earl Robert had a large number of illegitimate children. 1. Robert Stewart, who was legitimated. He is usually named before his brother James, and they are first named in 1566 in a grant to their brother Henry and two sisters, being carefully distinguished as natural sons. 2. James Stewart, who was also legitimated. He received with his brother Robert in 1574 provision out of the teinds of Holyroodhouse. It is exceedingly difficult to disentangle the history of these legitimated sons from those of their lawful brothers of the same name. 3. James Stewart of Graemsay in Orkney (his mother said to be Janet Robertson of Strowan), who was implicated in his father's treasonable intrigues with Denmark. 4. William Stewart of Egilshay, summoned 1600 to find caution for appearance at trial 'for the schamefull and cruell murther of Bellenden, his first spouse.' He was later a colonel in the Swedish service in 1609. 5. George Stewart of Eynhallow, legitimated 29 November 1586. His mother, and the mother of Edward and David was Marjorie Sandilands, wife of Adam Gordon, brother of John Gordon of Avachie. He had in 1584 been included in the provision out of the teinds of Holyroodhouse, and in 1585 was in the entail of the earldom of Orkney and lordship of Zetland. He had a number of lands, afterwards erected into the tenandry of Brugh, and was dead before 30 March 1616. 6. Edward Stewart of Brugh, ancestor of that family. He held the half of the lands of Brugh, and succeeded to his brother George before 30 March 1616. 7. David Stewart of How. 8. Christian married to John Mouat of Hougaland in Shetland, and, as his widow, was living, and in feud with her brother-in-law, in 1634. 9. Grizel, married before 27 December 1591 to Hugh Sinclair of Brugh in Shetland. 10. Mary, said to have been married to Lawrence Sinclair of Goat, in Shetland.

Family/Spouse: (Unknown mistress of Robert Stewart). [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Robert married Jean Kennedy in 1561. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 7 Dec 1542, Linlithgow, West Lothian, Scotland

Mary married Françoise II, King of France on 24 Apr 1558 in Notre-Dame, Paris, France. Françoise (son of Henri II, King of France and Catherine de Medici) died on 5 Dec 1560 in Orléans, Loiret, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Mary married Henry Stewart on 29 Jul 1565 in Holyrood Chapel, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. Henry (son of Matthew Stewart and Margaret Douglas) was born on 7 Dec 1545 in Temple Newsam, Yorkshire, England; died on 10 Feb 1567 in Kirk o' Field, outside Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland; was buried in Chapel Royal, Holyrood, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Mary married James Hepburn on 15 May 1567 in Holyrood Chapel, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. James (son of Patrick Hepburn and Agnes Sinclair) was born before 1536. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Humphrey married Helen Graham about 13 Jul 1509. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

3rd Earl of Lennox.

John married Elizabeth Stewart about 19 Jan 1512. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1500

Notes:

Appointed abbot of the Cistercian abbey of Coupar Angus by James V, in whose court his brother Colin Campbell was prominent, Donald Campbell travelled to England, France, and Rome as a Cistercian prelate and diplomat. At the Reformation of 1559-60, he (in the words of The Scots Peerage, citation details below), "put on secular weed" in May 1559. He sat in the Scottish parliament and the Convention of Estates; he was Keeper of the Privy Seal during the reign of Mary, Queen of Scots; and he was a senator of the College of Justice under James V.

"[A] monk of the Cistercian Order; master of arts, probably from St. Salvator's College, Univ. of St. Andrews, where "Donaldus Campbel, nationis albaniae" was admitted 1522; clerk in the Diocese of Lismore by 1525; last Abbot of Coupar Abbey, Co. Angus, 1529- 60; traveled to Rome, England and France as a Cistercian prelate and as a diplomat; one of the visitors of the Scottish universities, 1532; commissary of the chapter-general of the Scottish Cistercian houses; member of the Scots Parliament and Council of State for many years; member of the Privy Council of the Regent Arran; one of the Lords of the Articles; Senator of the College of Justice (Lord of Session); was nominated Bishop of Glasgow, 1548, Bishop of Dunkeld, 1550, and Bishop of Brechin, 1559, but each time failed to receive papal confirmation, apparently because his orthodoxy was suspect; Keeper of the Privy Seal of Scotland, 1552, 1554-62; gave Balgersho, Arthurstone, Keithick, Den-head and Croonan, lands belonging to Coupar Abbey, to his bastard sons; was reputed to be wearing "secular weed," 1559; sat in the Scottish Parliament and the Convention of Estates which established the reformed Church of Scotland, 1560; approved and signed a demand that "he incontinent re-forme his place of Cowper Putting down and birnying oppinlie all Idolis and Imagis and tubernaculis tharin destroying and putting away the altaris And that na mess be thair done heiraftir nowthir privilie nor opinly. And that the super-stitiouse habit of his monkis with their ordour ceremonis and service as you cann it be removit. And that na prayeris be usit in the kirk but in the Inglishe toung And that according to the scriptouris of God" (Scottish Historical Review 21:142) (brother of Colin Campbell, 3d Earl of Argyll (ancestor of the subsequent earls, marquesses and dukes of Argyll, down to the present); Sir John Campbell, jure uxoris of Cawdor, Co. Nairn (ancestor of the Earls Cawdor of Castlemartin, down to the present); Margaret Campbell, Lady Erskine; Isabella Campbell, Countess of Cassilis; Janet Campbell, Countess of Atholl, and Katherine Campbell, wife of Lachlan Cattanach (the Shaggy) Maclean, chief of Clan Maclean; uncle of John Erskine, 6th Lord Erskine, Ist Earl of Mar; Gilbert Kennedy, 3d Earl of Cassilis; John Stewart, 3d Earl of Atholl; Quintin Kennedy, Abbot of Crossraguel; Janet Stewart, Lady Methven, Lady Ruthven; Helen Stewart, Lady Lindsay of the Byres; Elizabeth Campbell, Countess of Moray and Sutherland; John Campbell, Bishop of the Isles; Janet Campbell, Lady Lovat, and Katherine Campbell, Countess of Crawford; great-uncle of Jean Kennedy, Countess of Orkney; Mary Stewart, Countess of Angus; John Stewart, 4th Earl of Atholl, Chancellor of Scotland; Henry Stewart, 2d Lord Methven; Dorothea Stewart, Countess of Gowrie; Eliza-beth Stewart, Countess of Moray; Margaret Stewart, Countess of Erroll; John Gordon, 10th Earl of Sutherland; Patrick Lindsay, 6th Lord Lindsay of the Byres; Hugh Fraser, 5th Lord Fraser of Lovat; James Ogilvy, 5th Lord Ogilvy of Airlie; Margaret Lindsay, Countess of Atholl; John Lindsay, 1st Lord Mennuir, Secretary of State of Scotland, Lord Privy Seal, and Elizabeth Lindsay, Lady Drummond; great-great uncle of Patrick Stewart, 2d Earl of Orkney; John Stewart, Ist Earl of Carrick; Mary Stewart, Lady Gray; Jean Stewart, Lady Lindores, Lady Melville of Raith; James Stewart, 3d Earl of Moray; Margaret Stewart, Countess of Nottingham, Viscountess Monson of Castlemaine; James Erskine, Ist Earl of Buchan; Mary. Erskine, Countess Marischal; Anna Erskine, Countess of Rothes; Margaret Erskine, Countess of Haddington; Elizabeth Stewart, Lady Fraser of Lovat, Countess of Lennox and March, Countess of Arran; Margaret Stewart, Lady Saltoun; Grizel Stewart, Countess of Crawford; Mary Stewart, Countess of Erroll; James Ruthven, 2d Earl of Gowrie; Margaret Ruthven, Countess of Montrose; Sophia Ruthven, Duchess of Lennox and Richmond; Jean Ruthven, Lady Ogilvy of Airlie; Elizabeth Ruthven, Lady Campbell of Loudoun; Sir Donald Campbell, Ist Bart. of Ardnamurchan; Margaret Ogilvy, Countess Marischal; Sir David Lindsay, Ist Lord Lindsay of Balcarres; James Stewart, 2d Earl of Atholl, 7th Lord Innermeath; Margaret Drummond, Lady Elphinstone; James Drummond, 4th Lord Drummond, Ist Earl of Perth; John Drummond, 5th Lord Drummond, 2d Earl of Perth; Lilias Drummond, Countess of Dunfermline, and Jean Drummond, Countess of Roxburghe; great-great-great uncle of Archibald Campbell, 8th Earl and 1st Marquess of Argyll, the Coven-anter, executed 1661; Anne Campbell, Marchioness of Huntly; Annabella Campbell, Countess of Lothian; Jean Campbell, Viscountess Kenmore; James Campbell, Ist Earl of Irvine; Mary Campbell, Lady Rollo; Elizabeth Erskine, Lady Napier; Mary Erskine, Lady Forbes; John Leslie, 7th Earl of Rothes; Mary Leslie, Countess of Eglinton; Margaret Leslie, Countess of Buccleuch and Wemyss; Sir Charles Howard, 3rd Earl of Nottingham, 5th Baron Howard of Effingham; William Keith, 7th Earl Marischal; Sir John Keith, Ist Earl of Kintore; Jean Keith, Lady Pitsligo; Thomas Hamilton, 3d Earl of Haddington; sir James Graham, 5th Earl and 1st Marquess of Montrose, the great commander in chief in Scotland for Charles I and II, Field Marshal of the Empire, executed 1650; Margaret Graham, Lady Napier; Beatrix Graham, Lady Madderty; Sir James Stewart, Ist Lord Ochiltree; George Abernethy, 8th Lord Saltoun; Helen Lindsay, Lady Cranstoun; James Ogilvy, Ist Earl of Airlie; George Ogilvy, Lord Ogilvy de Muirton in the imperial peerage; Alexander Lindsay, 1st Earl of Balcarres; James Stewart, 2d Earl of Atholl, 7th Lord Innermeath; Lilias Elphinstone, Lady Elphinstone; Jean Drummond, Countess of Sutherland; Sir William Drummond, 2d Earl of Roxburghe; Jean Drummond, Countess of Wigtown; Anne Seton, Viscountess Fentoun; Isabel Seton, Countess of Lauderdale; Margaret Seton, Countess of Seaforth, and Sophia Seton, Lady Lindsay of Balcarres." [Brice McAdoo Clagett, citation details below]

Family/Spouse: Margaret. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

She was definitely a daughter of the first earl of Montrose. The will of William Graham, who was killed at the battle of Flodden Field in 1513, acknowledges a debt to the Laird of Luss (i.e. John Colquhoun, father of Humphrey), on account of his daughter's dowry, and also the Laird of Luss younger (i.e. Humphrey).

Burke's Peerage and Burke's Landed Gentry, and thus many online sources, show William Graham's daughters Margaret, Elizabeth, and Helen, in that order, as daughters of William Graham by his second wife Janet Edmondstone.

This cannot be true of Elizabeth. The Complete Peerage 4:470 says that Walter Drummond, grandson of John Drummond and Elizabeth Lindsay, "m., in Feb. 1513/4, his cousin Elizabeth, 2nd da. of William (Graham), 1st Earl of Montrose [S.], by his first wife Annabel, 4th da. of John (Drummond), Lord Drummond abovenamed." It can be seen that if Walter Drummond and his wife Elizabeth were cousins, it would have to be the case that Elizabeth was a daughter of William Graham's first wife, Annabel Drummond.

CP says of Annabel Drummond that "[s]he was living 1492" and that her son William Graham, second earl of Montrose, was "a minor at his father's death", 9 Sep 1513, but "was served heir to him" 24 Oct 1513. The Scots Peerage narrates this latter event in a way that suggests that the younger William was still a minor on 24 Oct 1513: "William […] was under age at the death of his father, but in virtue of the Act of 24 August, was served his heir 24 October, 1513." SP goes on to emphasize and extoll his precocity: "He early displayed qualities of prudence and statesmanship which enabled him, over a long life," [etc.]. CP notes that the younger William "was present in Parl. [S.] 2 Jun 1514" and that he married his only wife, Janet Keith, in Dec 1515. All of which suggests that the second earl attained his majority no earlier than the end of 1513, which means that he has to have been born to Annabel Drummond no earlier than the end of 1492, and given that he could perfectly well have married while still a minor, plausibly as late as 1497 or 1498.

Also, according to SP, William Graham and Annabel Drummond had a second son following William: "Walter, a younger son of the first marriage, who had a tack of Little Cairnie for nineteen years from the Abbot of Inchaffray, 8 January 1541-42, and appears to have been ancestor of the second family of the Grahams of Thornick, afterwards Cairnie." If so, this moves the end of Annabel Drummond's life to no earlier than the end of 1493. And again, given that the first son could easily have been born as late as 1497-98, she was quite possibly still living in 1498-99.

The date of William Graham's marriage to Janet Edmondstone is unknown to us, but the earliest record of them as married is a charter dated 17 Mar 1505. According to CP she died between that date and 15 Apr 1506.

The papal dispensation for Helen Graham's marriage to Humphrey Colquhoun was dated 13 Jul 1509.

If Annabel Drummond died as soon as the records allow, say December 1493, and William Graham married Janet Edmondstone as soon as possible, say the first part of 1494, and Helen Graham was their first child, born say early 1495, then the papal dispensation for her marriage to Humphrey Colquhoun, dated 13 Jul 1509, was issued when she was fourteen. Which is hardly unheard-of among the aristocracy of 15th/16th century Scotland, but also adds up to a pretty tight fit.

Additional to this is the fact that William Graham and Annabel Drummond married in 1479, and yet their eldest son and heir cannot have been born earlier than late 1513. It is implausible that they spent the first dozen years of their marriage having no children. We have seen that daughter Elizabeth has to have been the issue of William and Annabel. Margaret is specified by SP as a daughter of the second marriage. Aside from the fact that this implies, in SP's usual manner of listing offspring, that the other daughters, whose mothers are not noted, were from the first marriage, it also means that Helen, Jean, and Elizabeth are the only known offspring of William Graham whose birth can be used to fill the childbearing years from 1480 to 1492. (The other legitimate child of William Graham, Patrick, is given by SP as his son by his third wife, Christian Wawane.)

Taken together, we think the evidence preponderantly suggests that Helen Graham was a daughter of William Graham's first wife, and probably, as the order of William's children in SP suggests, his eldest daughter.

Helen married Humphrey Colquhoun about 13 Jul 1509. Humphrey (son of John Colquhoun and Elizabeth Stewart) was born in of Luss, Argyll, Scotland; died in Jan 1538. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Knighted before February 1513. Provost of Stirling, 1529-30.

James married Elizabeth Erskine about 1510. Elizabeth (daughter of Robert Erskine and Isabella Campbell) was born about 1492; died before 1 Sep 1532. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Isabella married Robert Erskine in 1485. Robert (son of Alexander Erskine and Christian Crichton) died on 9 Sep 1513 in Flodden Field, Northumberland, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1572
• Alternate death: Abt 1632

Margaret married Alexander McGruder before 26 May 1605. Alexander was born about 1569 in Craigneich, Muthill Parish, Perthshire, Scotland; died before 1 May 1617. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married Matthew Stewart on 29 Jun 1544 in St. James Palace, London, England. Matthew (son of John Stewart and Elizabeth Stewart) was born on 21 Sep 1516 in Dunbarton Castle, Dunbartonshire, Scotland; died on 4 Sep 1571 in Stirling Castle, Stirlingshire, Scotland; was buried in Chapel Royal, Stirlingshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

"Marion Cunningham, Lady Bar, died at her home in Ayr in January 1623. She was the daughter of William Cunningham of Aiket and Helen Colquhoun, daughter of a Highland chief. […] She grew up in an age of aggression in northern Ayrshire, the time of the great feud betewen the Montgomery Earl of Eglinton and the Cunningham Earl of Glencairn which lasted over seventy years in the sixteenth century." [Ayr and Its People, citation details below]

Marion married John Lockhart in 1595 in Stewarton, Ayrshire, Scotland. John (son of Alexander Lockhart and Margaret Kennedy) died in 1614. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Abt 24 Jun 1624
• Alternate death: Bef 26 Aug 1624
• Alternate death: Abt 26 Aug 1624

Notes:

M.A. St. Andrews, 1583. Inaugurated 15 Oct 1587 minister of St. Ninian's, Stirlingshire. Elected 7 Apr 1607 Moderator of the Synod of Perth.

On 9 Apr 1588 he was ordered by the Synod of Stirling and Dunblane to defend his baptism of John Murray of Touchadam's illegitimate child before Murray had performed the required public penitence. The Rev. Livingston appeared along Duncan Narne of Lokishill and together they explained that Livingston had baptized the baby out of fear of Murray's retaliation. Being a minister in sixteenth-century Scotland had its dangers, as indicated here and in the following:

"On 26 March 1595, Mr Henry reported the promising results of his intermediation in a blood feud between the Sinclairs and the Stirlings of Keir. When M^r Henry was elected Moderator of the Synod of Perth against the wishes of James VI/I, the king's agent Sir David Murray, Lord Scone, later Viscount Henry Stormont, violently disrupted M^r Henry's service. For his disobedience, the Privy Council placed M^r Henry under house arrest in Stirling. [...] M^r Henry continued to disobey the king, signing the Protestation for the Liberties of the Kirk on 27 June 1617." [Adrian Benjamin Burke, citation details below]

Henry married Agnes Gray about 1584. Agnes (daughter of Alexander Gray and Helen Little) was born about 1563; died after 4 Feb 1591 in Stirling, Stirlingshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Earl of Lennox.

Family/Spouse: Elizabeth Cavendish. Elizabeth (daughter of William Cavendish and Elizabeth Hardwick) died in 1582. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Lord Darnley, Duke of Albany, Earl of Ross.

Henry married Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots on 29 Jul 1565 in Holyrood Chapel, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. Mary (daughter of James V, King of Scots and Mary of Guise) was born on 8 Dec 1542 in Linlithgow, West Lothian, Scotland; died on 8 Feb 1587 in Fotheringay, Northamptonshire, England; was buried in Westminster Abbey, Westminster, Middlesex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Aft Nov 1633

Notes:

For an account of the complaint she presented to the Privy Council in 1634, see the entry for her husband John Mowat.

Family/Spouse: John Mowat. John (son of Andrew Mowat and Ursula Tulloch) was born in of Hugoland in Northmaven, Shetland, Scotland; died in Aug 1617. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

James married Anne of Denmark, Queen Consort of Scotland; Queen Consort of England and Ireland on 23 Nov 1589 in Oslo, Norway. Anne (daughter of Frederik II, King of Denmark and Norway and Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow) was born on 12 Oct 1574 in Skanderborg Castle, Skanderborg, Denmark; died on 2 Mar 1619 in Hampton Court Palace, Richmond upon Thames, London, England; was buried in Westminster Abbey, Westminster, Middlesex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Lady Aikitt, elder, sheriffdom of Ayr.

"In 1578-79, another of [the Colquhoun] clan, Helen Colquhoun, was accused of the 'treasonable administering of poysoun' to her spouse, William Cunninghame of Aiket; but the fragmentary records give us little information about these trials…" ["Poisoning in Scotland", citation details below]

The will of Helene Colquhoun, Lady Aikitt, elder, sheriffdom of Ayr, was proved in the Edinburgh commissary court on 13 Mar 1596.

The 1877 Colquhoun pedigree ("Colquhoun of Luss", citation details below) shows Helen Colquhoun, daughter of Humphrey, marrying a "James" Cunningham of Aiket; it also gives her mother's name as "Katherine", rather than Helen, a mistake that also appears in many Burke's Pedigrees products. In a pair of posts to soc.genealogy.medieval on 10 Oct 2019, John Brandon points out that the papal dispensation of 1509 clearly identifies Humphrey Colquhoun's wife as Helen. As to whether Humphrey Colquhoun's and Helen Graham's daughter Helen was indeed, the Helen who married Cunningham of Aiket, Brandon points to the marriage of Robert Graham of Knockdolian, who was known to have been involved in dealings with William and Helen (Colquhoun) Cunningham, to Christian Graham, daughter of the second William Graham, 2nd earl of Montrose — further evidence of Graham-Colquhoun prosopographical adjancency.

Helen married William Cunningham before 24 Oct 1564. William was born in of Aiket, Ayrshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Earl of Lennox.

Matthew married Margaret Douglas on 29 Jun 1544 in St. James Palace, London, England. Margaret (daughter of Archibald Douglas and Margaret Tudor) was born on 8 Nov 1515 in Harbottle Castle, Northumberland, England; died on 9 Mar 1578 in Hackney, Middlesex, England; was buried in Westminster Abbey, Westminster, Middlesex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Nicoll Campbell.

"[M]aster of arts; was granted by a royal decree of 1543, entitled Literas Legitimationis Nicola Campbell, all legal and natural rights "as if said Nicholas had been born in lawful wedlock"; was probably the "Nicolaus Campbell, nobilis," from the Diocese of St. Andrews who was a candidate for the M.A. degree at the Univ. of Paris, 1552; Dean of Lismore Cathedral, c. 1564-87; lord of Keithick, Dalvany and Craignatie, Perthshire; bailie of Crunan." [Brice McAdoo Clagett, citation details below]

He lies under a monumental stone at Bendochy parish church. The inscription, translated from Latin, reads:

Under this tomb there lies
the memory of
the very former and
highly skillful man of God
Master Nicholas Campbell of Keithick
who was the grandson of the
former Earl of Argyll
through the
Venerable Father, Lord Donald Campbell,
Abbot of Cupar,
who departed this life in the
year 1587
in the year of his age 70.

Nicholas married Katherine Drummond before 1563. Katherine (daughter of George Drummond and Catherine Hay) was born in of Blair, Perthshire, Scotland; died before 1604. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married Henry Livingston between 4 Dec 1540 and 22 May 1550. Henry was born about 1495 in of Falkirk, Stirlingshire, Scotland; died between 22 Jan 1579 and 5 Nov 1581. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Elizabeth married James Forrester about 1510. James (son of Walter Forrester and Agnes Graham) was born before 17 Sep 1489 in of Torwood, Falkirk, Scotland; was christened on 17 Sep 1489; died between 7 Oct 1532 and 21 May 1536. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1610, of Glenartney, Perthshire, Scotland
• Alternate birth: 1610, of Prince George's County, Maryland

Notes:

"[W]as fined with others for illegally carrying arms and shooting deer and wildfowl near Cargill, Cargill, 1622 (Registry of the Privy Council 13:101-03); probably acted as factor or chamberlain for Lord Maderty in Dunblane parish, Strathallan; was probably the "Allastar Mcgruger" who served in Col. Sir Thomas Ruthven's reg. of the Army of the League and Covenant in England, 1645/6; is believed to have been captured serving in the Scottish army in the civil wars, perhaps at the Battle of Worcester, 1651, and to have been sent to America as a prisoner; settler in Md. by 1653; of Turkey Buzzard Island, Calvert Co., and "Anchovie Hills," Calvert Co. (now Prince George's, near the present Baden), Md.; held about 3,750 acres in Prince George's Co. (brother of James McGruder, lord of Cargill, Perthshire, chamberlain to the Earl of Perth, member of a committee appointed by the Scots Parliament to expel Cromwell's army, 1649)." [Brice McAdoo Clagett, citation details below]

Ancestor of Confederate generals James Longstreet, William Beall, John Bankhead Magruder, and Stephen Drane; also of Asa Griggs Chandler, founder of the Coca-Cola company and principal founder of Emery University.

One of JMF's two gateway ancestors, but fittingly, given JMF's delight in ambiguity and historical contingency, his status as a "gateway ancestor" is controversial. In 2015, the lineage society the Order of the Crown of Charlemagne announced that Margaret Campbell was not his mother and therefore his descendants no longer qualified for membership, but (to the best of our knowledge, and that of historian Susan Tichy), no evidence for this was put forth.

It is certainly true that the evidence for the Maryland immigrant being the Alexander who was second son of Alexander McGruder and Margaret Campbell is circumstantial. In our view, it passes the test of being strong enough circumstantial evidence to warrant recording what appears to be the probable line.

From Susan Tichy, "Was Alexander Who We Think He Was?":

But how do we know he was the second son of these parents?

We don’t, not absolutely. We believe it on the basis of two pieces of evidence.

1) In Maryland, Alexander named three of his plantations for Dunblane (a cathedral town in Perthshire), Craigneich (the farm where Alexander Magruder the elder was born), and Inchaffray (an abbey and estate near Maderty, where Alexander the elder was chamberlain--corrupted in Maryland to Anchovie Hills). Craigneich is especially convincing because it was (and is) a private farm, not a large estate. It is unlikely a man without intimate connections there would have bestowed this name on a Maryland farm, and few would have had such connections.

Alexander named no plantations for Balmaclone (or Belliclone) where he is believed to have been born. That was a Drummond farm, to which his mother had a lifetime right as widow of her first husband, Andrew Drummond. Craigneich was a McGruder farm and had been for several generations. Alexander was seven or eight years old when his father died and his mother remarried, at which point he probably would have been sent to live at Craigneich to be raised by his father’s family.

2) The Records of the Privy Council (vol. viii, pp 101-102) show that on 22 November, 1622, one “Alexander McA Growder,” twelve years old, was fined for illegally carrying arms and shooting deer and wildfowl with some other boys at Spittalsfield, Caputh Parish, near Cargill, about six miles from Dunkeld.

This provides a birth date of ~1610, which places him after James, the known eldest son of Alexander Magruder and Margaret Campbell. This family–and James especially–also show strong association with Cargill. Later in his life, James Magruder is identified as being either in Cargill, indicating he lived there, or of Cargill, indicating he owned land there. In one record he is designated Laird of Cargill, which, if accurate, indicates a significant elevation in status.

And that’s it. That’s our positive evidence.

What we might call negative evidence boils down to the simple fact that no other candidate can be found in the records. McGruders / MacGrouthers were few in number, so other choices for where to locate Alexander among known families would be slim. In 1620, John McGrouther (brother of Alexander the elder) purchased land in Meigor, in Glen Artney, thus making the rare step from tenant to landowner. His descendants owned this farm until the 19th century when the line died out. Because of land ownership, there are more records for that family than for any other. Among them there is no Alexander who could be our immigrant, nor is there a Maryland plantation called Meigor.

Don McGruther has found a few McGruthers, MacCrouthers, and other variations of the name, scattered through the southern Highlands, Edinburgh, and as far as Ireland, but it seems far-fetched to imagine that Alexander came from one of those families. His strong attachment to Perthshire, in particular to Inchaffray and Craigneich, establishes his origins in the McGrouther heartland.

From Susan Tichy, "Alexander Magruder, The Immigrant":

[Alexander Magruder] was the first of his name in America. Born about 1610 at the small estate of Belliclone (now Nether Belliclone farm) in Madderty Parish, Perthshire, in Scotland’s Central Highlands, Alexander was the son of Alexander McGruder, the elder, and Margaret Campbell of Keithick. He is believed to have arrived in Maryland in January 1652 as a prisoner of war, having been captured during Cromwell’s invasion of Scotland late in the civil wars that attended the Protestant Reformation. Upon arrival, Alexander was sold into indentured servitude. In the disease-ridden Chesapeake, half of all indentured servants died within a year. Those who survived their term--most commonly five years--received their freedom and a “headright” to 50 acres of unimproved land--which they first had to find, then pay a surveyor and, for a fee, register their ownership. Alexander received his first of two headrights in November 1653, indicating that he served a remarkably short indenture. He went on to be one of the largest landowners among formerly indentured men of his generation. Historian Russell R. Menard, who studied men who arrived as indentured servants from 1648-1652, identifies him as one of only three who owned more than 1,000 acres when they died.

Alexander married Sarah before 1663. Sarah died between 1671 and 1672. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Earl of Lennox.

Family/Spouse: Elizabeth Cavendish. Elizabeth (daughter of William Cavendish and Elizabeth Hardwick) died in 1582. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Lord Darnley, Duke of Albany, Earl of Ross.

Henry married Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots on 29 Jul 1565 in Holyrood Chapel, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. Mary (daughter of James V, King of Scots and Mary of Guise) was born on 8 Dec 1542 in Linlithgow, West Lothian, Scotland; died on 8 Feb 1587 in Fotheringay, Northamptonshire, England; was buried in Westminster Abbey, Westminster, Middlesex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Janet married John Cunningham before 8 Jan 1634. John (son of William Cunningham and Agnes Cunningham) died before 17 Apr 1672. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1587, Stirling, Stirlingshire, Scotland
• Alternate death: Aft 16 Aug 1633

Helen married Rev. James Duncanson before 12 Oct 1610. James (son of Rev. John Duncanson and Jonet Watson) was born about 1564; died on 11 Jul 1624 in Alloa, Clackmannanshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

James married Anne of Denmark, Queen Consort of Scotland; Queen Consort of England and Ireland on 23 Nov 1589 in Oslo, Norway. Anne (daughter of Frederik II, King of Denmark and Norway and Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow) was born on 12 Oct 1574 in Skanderborg Castle, Skanderborg, Denmark; died on 2 Mar 1619 in Hampton Court Palace, Richmond upon Thames, London, England; was buried in Westminster Abbey, Westminster, Middlesex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Jean married David Heart before Oct 1615. David was born in of Rusland, Harray, Orkney, Scotland; died after 8 Mar 1656. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Charles married Henrietta Maria of France, Queen Consort of England on 13 Jun 1625 in Canterbury, Kent, England. Henrietta (daughter of Henri IV, King of France and Navarre and Maria de' Medici) was born on 26 Nov 1609 in Louvre, Paris, France; died on 31 Aug 1669 in Château de Colombes, Colombes, France; was buried in St.-Denis, Paris, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

"Marion Cunningham, Lady Bar, died at her home in Ayr in January 1623. She was the daughter of William Cunningham of Aiket and Helen Colquhoun, daughter of a Highland chief. […] She grew up in an age of aggression in northern Ayrshire, the time of the great feud betewen the Montgomery Earl of Eglinton and the Cunningham Earl of Glencairn which lasted over seventy years in the sixteenth century." [Ayr and Its People, citation details below]

Marion married John Lockhart in 1595 in Stewarton, Ayrshire, Scotland. John (son of Alexander Lockhart and Margaret Kennedy) died in 1614. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1572
• Alternate death: Abt 1632

Margaret married Alexander McGruder before 26 May 1605. Alexander was born about 1569 in Craigneich, Muthill Parish, Perthshire, Scotland; died before 1 May 1617. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Abt 24 Jun 1624
• Alternate death: Bef 26 Aug 1624
• Alternate death: Abt 26 Aug 1624

Notes:

M.A. St. Andrews, 1583. Inaugurated 15 Oct 1587 minister of St. Ninian's, Stirlingshire. Elected 7 Apr 1607 Moderator of the Synod of Perth.

On 9 Apr 1588 he was ordered by the Synod of Stirling and Dunblane to defend his baptism of John Murray of Touchadam's illegitimate child before Murray had performed the required public penitence. The Rev. Livingston appeared along Duncan Narne of Lokishill and together they explained that Livingston had baptized the baby out of fear of Murray's retaliation. Being a minister in sixteenth-century Scotland had its dangers, as indicated here and in the following:

"On 26 March 1595, Mr Henry reported the promising results of his intermediation in a blood feud between the Sinclairs and the Stirlings of Keir. When M^r Henry was elected Moderator of the Synod of Perth against the wishes of James VI/I, the king's agent Sir David Murray, Lord Scone, later Viscount Henry Stormont, violently disrupted M^r Henry's service. For his disobedience, the Privy Council placed M^r Henry under house arrest in Stirling. [...] M^r Henry continued to disobey the king, signing the Protestation for the Liberties of the Kirk on 27 June 1617." [Adrian Benjamin Burke, citation details below]

Henry married Agnes Gray about 1584. Agnes (daughter of Alexander Gray and Helen Little) was born about 1563; died after 4 Feb 1591 in Stirling, Stirlingshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married Henry Livingston between 4 Dec 1540 and 22 May 1550. Henry was born about 1495 in of Falkirk, Stirlingshire, Scotland; died between 22 Jan 1579 and 5 Nov 1581. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Member of the Maryland assembly. One of the first justices of Prince George's County. One of the first vestrymen of St. Paul parish.

Family/Spouse: Sarah. Sarah died between 16 Jan 1731 and 28 Sep 1734 in of Prince George's County, Maryland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

James married Anne of Denmark, Queen Consort of Scotland; Queen Consort of England and Ireland on 23 Nov 1589 in Oslo, Norway. Anne (daughter of Frederik II, King of Denmark and Norway and Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow) was born on 12 Oct 1574 in Skanderborg Castle, Skanderborg, Denmark; died on 2 Mar 1619 in Hampton Court Palace, Richmond upon Thames, London, England; was buried in Westminster Abbey, Westminster, Middlesex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married Alexander Lockhart before 17 Apr 1672. Alexander died before 11 Apr 1684; was buried on 11 Apr 1684 in Greyfriars Burying Ground, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Michael Wallace. Michael died in Ramelton, Donegal, Ireland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Mary; Maria; Marritje Lamberts; Marritje Donckes. Remington (citation details below) calls her "possibly" a daughter of James Duncanson and Helen Livingston, and only "possibly" the second wife of Pieter Loockermans, but subsequent research appears to have solidified the likelihood of both connections.

Marritje married Pieter Jansen Loockermans about 1650 in New Netherland. Pieter was born on 5 Oct 1614 in Turnhout, Netherlands; died after 2 Jul 1674. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Charles married Henrietta Maria of France, Queen Consort of England on 13 Jun 1625 in Canterbury, Kent, England. Henrietta (daughter of Henri IV, King of France and Navarre and Maria de' Medici) was born on 26 Nov 1609 in Louvre, Paris, France; died on 31 Aug 1669 in Château de Colombes, Colombes, France; was buried in St.-Denis, Paris, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: of Taughboyne (Monreagh), Donegal, Ireland
• Alternate death: 8 Jan 1688

Notes:

His gravestone at Taughboyne reads:

HIC IACET CORPUS M----- IOANNIS HART ILLUSTRISSO STEMMATE ORIUNDI PASTO[RIS] VIGILANTIS PIENTISS [PHI]LOSOPHI THEOLOGI EXIMII QUI CHRISTUM PRAEDICANDO ECCLES TABOYNENSI MAG CUM FR[UI] TU SUPRA 30 ANNOS SUDAVIT ED MULTA PROPT[ER] CRISTUM PASSUS TANDEM MATURAM ANIMAM DEO ED DIDIT AETAT 70 IAN 8 AN 1687

(Here lieth the body of Master John Hart of noble descent, a watchful pastor, a devout philosopher, a distinguished divine, who labored for over 30 years preaching Christ with much success in the church of Taughboyne, and after much suffering for Christ's sake at length gave up his ripened spirit to God on 8th January 1687 aged 70 years.)

Much documentation for the life of the Rev. John Heart/Hart, compiled by Janet Wolfe, can be found here.

It had long been noted that "David Heart of Rusland, William and Mr. John Heart, his sons" witnessed a charter by Mr. Patrick Grahame of Rothisholm, dated at Kirkwall (in the Orkney islands), 8 Feb 1638. (Calendar of the Laing Charters, citation details below, pp. 529-30.) But then:

Jan Wolfe, on soc.genealogy.medieval, 9 May 2017:

Document SC11/5/1644/11, held at the Orkney Archives, is the marriage agreement, dated 21 February 1644, for Margaret Heart, daughter of David Heart and Jean Mowat, and James Grahame. The NAS catalog description is here:

http://catalogue.nrscotland.gov.uk/nrsonlinecatalogue/details.aspx?reference=SC11/5/1644/11

I recently ordered an image of this document from the Orkney Archives.

The contract specifies that James Grahame's part of the agreement is to be done by the "advyse of the said Dauid Heart if he sall be on lyff And failyeing of him throw deceas be the advyse of the said [William] Heart his eldest sone and of Mr John Heart Minister his secund sone or ather of thame."

With this evidence, I think that we can now confidently identify the parents of John Heart as David Heart and Jean Mowat. Jean's mother, Christian Stewart, was a daughter of Earl Robert Stewart of Orkney, and Robert was a son of King James V of Scotland by Euphame Elphinstone.

John Heart, who received his M.A. at St. Andrews in May, 1637, was ordained at Crail on March 22, 1643.

Agnes Heart, daughter of John Heart and Agnes Baxter, married Robert Craighead. Their children include colonial immigrants Thomas Craighead, husband of Margaret Wallace, and Katherine Craighead, wife of William Homes. Thomas and William were both Presbyterian ministers. Thomas and Margaret lived in Freetown, Bristol County, Massachusetts, and then in Pennsylvania. Katherine and William lived in Chilmark, Dukes County, Massachusetts (on Martha's Vineyard) where William was the minister from the fall of 1715 until his death in 1746.

From "Fasti of the Irish Presbyterian Church" (citation details below):

HART, JOHN: b. Scotland; educ. St. Andrews; M.A. (St. And.) 1637; ord. at Crail, 22 March 1642/3; mar. 1644, Agnes Baxter; res. 1646; inst. Dunino, 30 Dec. 1646; res. 1650; inst. Dunkeld, 1650; joined the Protesters 1651, and was dep. 1652; inst. Hamilton (2nd charge), 23 Jan. 1653. In Oct. 1655, a Commissr. from Taughboyne appeared at the Syn. of Glasgow and Ayr with a call to Mr. Hart. Inst. Taughboyne (Monreagh) 1656. Recd. £150 a year as from 29 Sept. last, from the Protectorate on the petition of the inhabitants and report of Drs. Winter and Harrison, and Mr. Mather as to his piety, etc., and that he had been there near half a year and had a great charge of children (25 March 1656). Dep. for non-conformity, 1661, but continued to minister.

On a visit to Dublin in the winter of 1662/3 some of those engaged in Blood's Plot applied to Mr. Hart for his concurrence. When examined later as to his complicity he incautiously dropped a word that brought trouble to Mr. Thos. Boyd, M.P. for Bangor. In vindicating himself he said that when the plot was revealed to him he expressed his abhorrence, as Mr. Boyd in Dublin knew. This led to Mr. Boyd's arrest and subsequent expulsion from the House of Commons. Hart seems to have been liberated on bail to appear when called upon. Excommunicated and imprisoned in Lifford, 1664-70, for disobeying a summons, issued by Robt. Leslie, Bp. of Raphoe, to appear before his court. Fined 20 and imprisoned 8 months for his connexion with a Fast (17 Feb. 1681), appointed by Laggan Presby.

Died 8 Jan. 1687, aged 70; int. at Taughboyne.

John married Agnes Baxter on 2 Apr 1644 in Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. Agnes (daughter of William Baxter and Catharine Downie) was born before 15 Feb 1619; was christened on 15 Feb 1619 in Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland; died before 21 May 1689; was buried on 21 May 1689 in Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Charles married Catherine of Braganza, Queen Consort of England, Scotland, and Ireland on 21 May 1662 in Portsmouth, Hampshire, England. Catherine was born on 25 Nov 1638 in Vila Viçosam Alentejo, Portugal; died on 31 Dec 1705 in Bemposta, Portugal; was buried in Belem, near Lisbon, Portugal. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

James married Anne Hyde on 3 Sep 1660. Anne was born on 12 Mar 1637 in Cranbourne Lodge, Windsor, Berkshire, England; died on 30 Mar 1671 in St. James's Palace, London, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

James married Mary of Modena, Queen Consort of England, Scotland, and Ireland on 20 Sep 1673 in Palazzo Ducale, Modena, Italy. Mary was born on 25 Sep 1658 in Palazzo Ducale, Modena, Italy; died on 26 Apr 1718 in Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Paris, France; was buried in Convent of the Visitation at Chaillot, Paris, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Janet married John Cunningham before 8 Jan 1634. John (son of William Cunningham and Agnes Cunningham) died before 17 Apr 1672. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1610, of Glenartney, Perthshire, Scotland
• Alternate birth: 1610, of Prince George's County, Maryland

Notes:

"[W]as fined with others for illegally carrying arms and shooting deer and wildfowl near Cargill, Cargill, 1622 (Registry of the Privy Council 13:101-03); probably acted as factor or chamberlain for Lord Maderty in Dunblane parish, Strathallan; was probably the "Allastar Mcgruger" who served in Col. Sir Thomas Ruthven's reg. of the Army of the League and Covenant in England, 1645/6; is believed to have been captured serving in the Scottish army in the civil wars, perhaps at the Battle of Worcester, 1651, and to have been sent to America as a prisoner; settler in Md. by 1653; of Turkey Buzzard Island, Calvert Co., and "Anchovie Hills," Calvert Co. (now Prince George's, near the present Baden), Md.; held about 3,750 acres in Prince George's Co. (brother of James McGruder, lord of Cargill, Perthshire, chamberlain to the Earl of Perth, member of a committee appointed by the Scots Parliament to expel Cromwell's army, 1649)." [Brice McAdoo Clagett, citation details below]

Ancestor of Confederate generals James Longstreet, William Beall, John Bankhead Magruder, and Stephen Drane; also of Asa Griggs Chandler, founder of the Coca-Cola company and principal founder of Emery University.

One of JMF's two gateway ancestors, but fittingly, given JMF's delight in ambiguity and historical contingency, his status as a "gateway ancestor" is controversial. In 2015, the lineage society the Order of the Crown of Charlemagne announced that Margaret Campbell was not his mother and therefore his descendants no longer qualified for membership, but (to the best of our knowledge, and that of historian Susan Tichy), no evidence for this was put forth.

It is certainly true that the evidence for the Maryland immigrant being the Alexander who was second son of Alexander McGruder and Margaret Campbell is circumstantial. In our view, it passes the test of being strong enough circumstantial evidence to warrant recording what appears to be the probable line.

From Susan Tichy, "Was Alexander Who We Think He Was?":

But how do we know he was the second son of these parents?

We don’t, not absolutely. We believe it on the basis of two pieces of evidence.

1) In Maryland, Alexander named three of his plantations for Dunblane (a cathedral town in Perthshire), Craigneich (the farm where Alexander Magruder the elder was born), and Inchaffray (an abbey and estate near Maderty, where Alexander the elder was chamberlain--corrupted in Maryland to Anchovie Hills). Craigneich is especially convincing because it was (and is) a private farm, not a large estate. It is unlikely a man without intimate connections there would have bestowed this name on a Maryland farm, and few would have had such connections.

Alexander named no plantations for Balmaclone (or Belliclone) where he is believed to have been born. That was a Drummond farm, to which his mother had a lifetime right as widow of her first husband, Andrew Drummond. Craigneich was a McGruder farm and had been for several generations. Alexander was seven or eight years old when his father died and his mother remarried, at which point he probably would have been sent to live at Craigneich to be raised by his father’s family.

2) The Records of the Privy Council (vol. viii, pp 101-102) show that on 22 November, 1622, one “Alexander McA Growder,” twelve years old, was fined for illegally carrying arms and shooting deer and wildfowl with some other boys at Spittalsfield, Caputh Parish, near Cargill, about six miles from Dunkeld.

This provides a birth date of ~1610, which places him after James, the known eldest son of Alexander Magruder and Margaret Campbell. This family–and James especially–also show strong association with Cargill. Later in his life, James Magruder is identified as being either in Cargill, indicating he lived there, or of Cargill, indicating he owned land there. In one record he is designated Laird of Cargill, which, if accurate, indicates a significant elevation in status.

And that’s it. That’s our positive evidence.

What we might call negative evidence boils down to the simple fact that no other candidate can be found in the records. McGruders / MacGrouthers were few in number, so other choices for where to locate Alexander among known families would be slim. In 1620, John McGrouther (brother of Alexander the elder) purchased land in Meigor, in Glen Artney, thus making the rare step from tenant to landowner. His descendants owned this farm until the 19th century when the line died out. Because of land ownership, there are more records for that family than for any other. Among them there is no Alexander who could be our immigrant, nor is there a Maryland plantation called Meigor.

Don McGruther has found a few McGruthers, MacCrouthers, and other variations of the name, scattered through the southern Highlands, Edinburgh, and as far as Ireland, but it seems far-fetched to imagine that Alexander came from one of those families. His strong attachment to Perthshire, in particular to Inchaffray and Craigneich, establishes his origins in the McGrouther heartland.

From Susan Tichy, "Alexander Magruder, The Immigrant":

[Alexander Magruder] was the first of his name in America. Born about 1610 at the small estate of Belliclone (now Nether Belliclone farm) in Madderty Parish, Perthshire, in Scotland’s Central Highlands, Alexander was the son of Alexander McGruder, the elder, and Margaret Campbell of Keithick. He is believed to have arrived in Maryland in January 1652 as a prisoner of war, having been captured during Cromwell’s invasion of Scotland late in the civil wars that attended the Protestant Reformation. Upon arrival, Alexander was sold into indentured servitude. In the disease-ridden Chesapeake, half of all indentured servants died within a year. Those who survived their term--most commonly five years--received their freedom and a “headright” to 50 acres of unimproved land--which they first had to find, then pay a surveyor and, for a fee, register their ownership. Alexander received his first of two headrights in November 1653, indicating that he served a remarkably short indenture. He went on to be one of the largest landowners among formerly indentured men of his generation. Historian Russell R. Menard, who studied men who arrived as indentured servants from 1648-1652, identifies him as one of only three who owned more than 1,000 acres when they died.

Alexander married Sarah before 1663. Sarah died between 1671 and 1672. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1587, Stirling, Stirlingshire, Scotland
• Alternate death: Aft 16 Aug 1633

Helen married Rev. James Duncanson before 12 Oct 1610. James (son of Rev. John Duncanson and Jonet Watson) was born about 1564; died on 11 Jul 1624 in Alloa, Clackmannanshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Abt 24 Jun 1624
• Alternate death: Bef 26 Aug 1624
• Alternate death: Abt 26 Aug 1624

Notes:

M.A. St. Andrews, 1583. Inaugurated 15 Oct 1587 minister of St. Ninian's, Stirlingshire. Elected 7 Apr 1607 Moderator of the Synod of Perth.

On 9 Apr 1588 he was ordered by the Synod of Stirling and Dunblane to defend his baptism of John Murray of Touchadam's illegitimate child before Murray had performed the required public penitence. The Rev. Livingston appeared along Duncan Narne of Lokishill and together they explained that Livingston had baptized the baby out of fear of Murray's retaliation. Being a minister in sixteenth-century Scotland had its dangers, as indicated here and in the following:

"On 26 March 1595, Mr Henry reported the promising results of his intermediation in a blood feud between the Sinclairs and the Stirlings of Keir. When M^r Henry was elected Moderator of the Synod of Perth against the wishes of James VI/I, the king's agent Sir David Murray, Lord Scone, later Viscount Henry Stormont, violently disrupted M^r Henry's service. For his disobedience, the Privy Council placed M^r Henry under house arrest in Stirling. [...] M^r Henry continued to disobey the king, signing the Protestation for the Liberties of the Kirk on 27 June 1617." [Adrian Benjamin Burke, citation details below]

Henry married Agnes Gray about 1584. Agnes (daughter of Alexander Gray and Helen Little) was born about 1563; died after 4 Feb 1591 in Stirling, Stirlingshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1688
• Alternate death: 1753, Prince George's County, Maryland

Family/Spouse: Elizabeth Brewer. Elizabeth (daughter of John Brewer and Sarah Ridgely) was born on 25 Oct 1690 in Anne Arundel County, Maryland; died before 1751. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Charles married Henrietta Maria of France, Queen Consort of England on 13 Jun 1625 in Canterbury, Kent, England. Henrietta (daughter of Henri IV, King of France and Navarre and Maria de' Medici) was born on 26 Nov 1609 in Louvre, Paris, France; died on 31 Aug 1669 in Château de Colombes, Colombes, France; was buried in St.-Denis, Paris, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

From research published in recent years on soc.genealogy.medieval, Margaret Wallace would appear to be, like her husband the Rev. Thomas Craighead, a "gateway ancestor" for TWK.

Jan Wolfe, post to soc.genealogy.medieval, 4 Oct 2019:

Ed Craighead obtained digital images of the court documents in the dispute between Thomas Craighead and Margaret Cunningham (see 1693/94 item in the "Chronicle" for Thomas Craighead and Margaret Wallace on my website, http://www-personal.umich.edu/~bobwolfe/gen/mn/m11456x11467.htm). When Ed requested the documents from the National Archives of Scotland, they were found to be in need of restoration and preservation and that work was completed before the images were provided to Ed.

The information on my website about the parents of Margaret Wallace is from the documents in the Craighead-Cunningham dispute. With these documents, Ed Craighead has positively identified Margaret's father as Michael Wallace of Ramelton/Rathmelton in co. Donegal, Ireland, and her mother as Michael's relict Barbara Cunningham who was age sixty on 22 February 1694 when she made a deposition in the case. Further, the documents indicate that Barbara was the sister of Margaret Cunningham who was the relict of Alexander Lockhart, writer in Edinburgh, one of the under clerks of sessions. The contract of marriage in which Margaret Cunningham had agreed to pay Thomas Craighead double what she gave to any other nephew or niece was signed on June 20, 1688, and registered in 1691. John Wallace, apothecary and burgess in Edinburgh and brother of Margaret Wallace, had received 3000 Merks from Margaret Cunningham, but there was a dispute about whether that payment was a gift to him as her nephew or for another matter. At the time of the court proceedings which started in December 1693, Master Thomas Craighead was an Alchemist in Edinburgh. One of the witnesses in the case was a John Cunningham younger writer to ye majesty's signet.

"ravinmaven", post to soc.genealogy.medieval, 7 Oct 2019:

The two documents that make us think John Cunningham and Janet Lockhart [of Dalkeith / Dankeith] are the parents of Margaret and Barbara:

Repository: National Records of Scotland
Reference: GD3/1/9/20/8
Title: Disposition and assignation by Alexander Lockhart in favour of Margaret Cunninghame
Dates: 17 Apr 1672
Access status: Open
Location: Off site
Description: Disposition and assignation by Alexander Lockhart in favour of Margaret Cunninghame, his spouse, (lawful daughter to unquhile John Cunninghame, procreat between him and unquhile Janet Lockhart) and the heirs to be procreat between them which failing Margaret, her own nearest and lawful heirs and assignees whomsoever of the foresaid lands reserving his own liferent
Dated at Wrightshouses near the burgh of Edinburgh
Level: Item
Previous numbers: GD3/1/3321

+ + + + + + + +

Repository: National Records of Scotland
Reference: GD149/149
Title: Charter de me by John Conyngham, younger of Dankeithe, and Janet Lockhart, his spouse, to Sir William Conynghame of Caprintoune and Isobel Hamilton, his spouse, of the half merk land of Hoilhous in parish of Symontoune and bailiary of Kylstewart
Dates: 8 Jan 1634
Access status: Open
Location: Off site
Level: File

Family/Spouse: Rev. Thomas Craighead. Thomas (son of Rev. Robert Craighead and Agnes Heart) was born about 1670 in Donoughmore, Donegal, Ireland; died in Apr 1739 in Newville, Cumberland, Pennsyvania. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1663
• Alternate birth: Abt 1664
• Alternate death: Jul 1742, Albany, Albany, New York
• Alternate death: 1756, Albany, Albany, New York

Annatie married Adam Winne on 8 Aug 1683 in Albany, Albany, New York. Adam (son of Pieter Winne and Tannatje Adams) was born about 1663 in of Albany, Albany, New York; died about 1691. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Annatie married Jacob Teunise Van Woert on 18 Oct 1691 in Albany, Albany, New York. Jacob (son of Teunis Jacobsz and Sara Denys) was born about 1660; died before 18 Jul 1730 in Albany, Albany, New York; was buried on 18 Jul 1730 in Albany, Albany, New York. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Charles married Catherine of Braganza, Queen Consort of England, Scotland, and Ireland on 21 May 1662 in Portsmouth, Hampshire, England. Catherine was born on 25 Nov 1638 in Vila Viçosam Alentejo, Portugal; died on 31 Dec 1705 in Bemposta, Portugal; was buried in Belem, near Lisbon, Portugal. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

James married Anne Hyde on 3 Sep 1660. Anne was born on 12 Mar 1637 in Cranbourne Lodge, Windsor, Berkshire, England; died on 30 Mar 1671 in St. James's Palace, London, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

James married Mary of Modena, Queen Consort of England, Scotland, and Ireland on 20 Sep 1673 in Palazzo Ducale, Modena, Italy. Mary was born on 25 Sep 1658 in Palazzo Ducale, Modena, Italy; died on 26 Apr 1718 in Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Paris, France; was buried in Convent of the Visitation at Chaillot, Paris, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Agnes married Rev. Robert Craighead about 1668. Robert was born about 1633; died on 22 Aug 1711 in Londonderry, Londonderry, Ireland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married Alexander Lockhart before 17 Apr 1672. Alexander died before 11 Apr 1684; was buried on 11 Apr 1684 in Greyfriars Burying Ground, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Michael Wallace. Michael died in Ramelton, Donegal, Ireland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Member of the Maryland assembly. One of the first justices of Prince George's County. One of the first vestrymen of St. Paul parish.

Family/Spouse: Sarah. Sarah died between 16 Jan 1731 and 28 Sep 1734 in of Prince George's County, Maryland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Mary; Maria; Marritje Lamberts; Marritje Donckes. Remington (citation details below) calls her "possibly" a daughter of James Duncanson and Helen Livingston, and only "possibly" the second wife of Pieter Loockermans, but subsequent research appears to have solidified the likelihood of both connections.

Marritje married Pieter Jansen Loockermans about 1650 in New Netherland. Pieter was born on 5 Oct 1614 in Turnhout, Netherlands; died after 2 Jul 1674. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1587, Stirling, Stirlingshire, Scotland
• Alternate death: Aft 16 Aug 1633

Helen married Rev. James Duncanson before 12 Oct 1610. James (son of Rev. John Duncanson and Jonet Watson) was born about 1564; died on 11 Jul 1624 in Alloa, Clackmannanshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Margaret Jackson. Margaret (daughter of John Jackson and Ruth Beall) was born in 1711; died in 1801. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Charles married Catherine of Braganza, Queen Consort of England, Scotland, and Ireland on 21 May 1662 in Portsmouth, Hampshire, England. Catherine was born on 25 Nov 1638 in Vila Viçosam Alentejo, Portugal; died on 31 Dec 1705 in Bemposta, Portugal; was buried in Belem, near Lisbon, Portugal. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

James married Anne Hyde on 3 Sep 1660. Anne was born on 12 Mar 1637 in Cranbourne Lodge, Windsor, Berkshire, England; died on 30 Mar 1671 in St. James's Palace, London, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

James married Mary of Modena, Queen Consort of England, Scotland, and Ireland on 20 Sep 1673 in Palazzo Ducale, Modena, Italy. Mary was born on 25 Sep 1658 in Palazzo Ducale, Modena, Italy; died on 26 Apr 1718 in Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Paris, France; was buried in Convent of the Visitation at Chaillot, Paris, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Thomas married Margaret Brownnear Boston, Suffolk, Massachusetts. Margaret (daughter of George Brown and Margaret Macky) was born in 1702 in Ireland; died on 13 Sep 1765; was buried in White Clay Creek, New Castle, Delaware. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Cathlina.

Catelyntje married Cristoffel Yates on 12 Jul 1706 in Albany, Albany, New York. Cristoffel (son of Joseph Yates and Huybertsie Marselis Van Bommel) was born on 16 Apr 1684 in Albany, Albany, New York; died before 26 Feb 1754; was buried on 26 Feb 1754 in Albany, Albany, New York. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Jacob married Hendrikje Oothout on 17 Oct 1723 in Reformed Dutch Church, Albany, Albany, New York. Hendrikje (daughter of Johannes Oothout and Aaltje Evertsz) was born before 5 Jan 1707; was christened on 5 Jan 1707 in Albany, Albany, New York. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

One of TWK's twelve proven "gateway ancestors." He arrived, with his sister Katherine (also an ancestor of TWK), at Boston in October 1714, on the Thomas and Jane out of Londonderry, William Wilson, master.

M.A., University of Edinburgh, 28 Jul 1691.

From The Craighead Family, citation details below:

Thomas was educated in Scotland as a physician, and married the daughter of a Scotch laird. After practicing medicine for a time, he became much depressed in spirits, and his wife inquiring the cause, he informed her that his conscience upbraided him for not preaching the Gospel. She at once assured him, that she would not stand in the way of what he considered his duty. Accordingly, he soon after abandoned the practice of medicine, studied divinity, and was a pastor for several years in Ireland, principally at Donegal. In consequence, however, of the oppressions endured by the Presbyterians of that countiy from the government and from the Established Church, and their past experience giving them but little hope of any permanent relief, large numbers of the people determined to emigrate to America.

Among these emigrants was Thomas Craighead, who came to New England in 1715, accompanied by Rev. William Homes, who was married to Mr. Craighead's sister Catharine. Mr. Homes settled at Martha's Vineyard, and is buried with his wife, at Chilmark. Their eldest son Robert was a sea-captain, resided in Boston, and married Mary, a sister of Benjamin Franklin.

The first public mention made of Thomas Craighead in this country is by Cotton Mather, who speaks of him as preaching at Freetown, which was about forty miles south of Boston, and urges the people to do all in their power to have him settle among them. He appears to have been a relative of Mr. Hathaway, of that town, and probably had gone there in the first instance at that gentleman's invitation. Mather writing to a friend entreats the people "to give a demonstration of the wisdom that is from above," by encouraging Mr. Craighead in his work, and says, "That he was a man of an excellent spirit, and a great blessing to the plantation; a man of singular piety, meekness, humility, and industry in the work of God. All that are acquainted with him have a precious esteem of him, and if he should be driven from among you, it would be such a damage, yea, such a ruin, as is not without horror to be thought of."

The efforts made for his settlement in Freetown were unsuccessful, for we find a notice in President Stiles's papers of his coming "to the Jerseys" in the spring of 1723. Whether he came direct from this town, or preached in other places in New England previous to his removal, we cannot now determine. On page one hundred and ninety-five of the New England Historical Register we have an extract from the diary of Jeremiah Bumstead, which refers to a meeting held in the Old South Church, Boston, June 19th, 1722, at which Mr. Craighead officiated. In the year 1724 (January 28th) he became a member of New Castle Presbytery, which at that period included portions of Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Delaware, and is spoken of in the minutes as having "lately come from New England." He received a call from White Clay Creek, Delaware, in February of the same year, and accepted it on the condition that he should have the privilege of preaching every third Sabbath at Brandywine. He was installed September 22d, 1724, and continued his ministry with this people for a period of seven years. According to the Records of the Presbyterian Church, 1706-1788, he was Moderator of the Synod in 1726, and was present at the formal adoption of the Westminster Confession and Catechisms, as also of the Explanation of the Adopting Act.

Mr. Craighead removed to Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, in 1733, and September 3d of the same year, united with Donegal Presbytery, when a call was placed in his hands from the Church at Pequea. This he accepted, and was installed pastor October 31st, Rev. Mr. Anderson presiding. The Presbytery in its minutes always speaks of him as "Father Craighead," either out of respect and veneration for his years, or from a special affection for him. That he was respected for his talents and learning, and loved for his genial spirit and piety, there are abundant proofs. He was very active in planting and building up churches in the region. "His preaching was remarkably fervent, and often attended with revivals. His theology was strictly conformed to the Westminster Confession, for which he displayed a special attachment, and which he was the first to subscribe, both in New Castle and Donegal Presbyteries."

While pastor at Pequea, in the spring of 1736, the session of the Church complained to the Presbytery because Mr. Craighead debarred his wife from the communion table. The matter was fully considered during its next session, and as there were no hopes of settling the difficulty, Presbytery in September judged it expedient to dissolve the pastoral relation. At the same meeting Mr. Craighead was appointed by the Presbytery to supply "the people of the Conodoguinet," by which was meant the congregation whose place of worship was at Meeting House Springs, from one to two miles northwest of Carlisle, in Cumberland County. After fulfilling this appointment, and a subsequent one at Hopewell, he received a call from the latter people, which he desired to accept; but as there were difficulties respecting "the boundaries" between this congregation and that of Pennsborough, action in the case was delayed. He, in the meantime, supplied the church at Hopewell, whose place of meeting was at "the Big Spring," now Newville.

The same difficulty which had interfered with his usefulness in his last charge followed him to Hopewell, and was again fully considered at two successive meetings of Presbytery. Both Mr. Craighead and his wife appeared before that body. The former finally consented that the session should allow his wife to come to the Lord's table; and the latter stated that "she had nothing to complain of against her husband except this single act, and that he had uniformly treated her with kindness." By this means the trouble was amicably settled--a trouble which probably arose from there being two families in the same house; for the Presbytery, in consenting to withdraw all action in the case, instructed him that "his son John and family must no longer continue to live with him."

Presbytery declaring itself satisfied with this settlement of the domestic
difficulty, and the boundary between the congregations of Pennsborough and Hopewell being fixed, the latter renewed their call, which was accepted, Nov. 16th, 1737. The installation was ordered to take place "at some convenient time before the next stated meeting," and occurred October, 1738, his son, Rev. Alexander Craighead, conducting the services on the occasion.

Mr. Craighead's pastorate at Newville, however, was of only a short duration. He was now far advanced in life, though his earnestness and power remained unabated. A descendant of his (Mr. Thomas Craighead, formerly of Whitehill, Pa.) states, that under his impassioned sermons not infrequently his audience would be melted to tears, and the emotions of his hearers became so intense that they were unwilling to disperse at the proper time. On one of these occasions, near the close of April, 1739, he became exhausted, and hastened to pronounce the benediction; and waving his hand he exclaimed, "Farewell! farewell!" and sank down and expired in the pulpit. His remains are said to have been placed under the corner-stone of the present house of worship at Newville.

Family/Spouse: Margaret Wallace. Margaret (daughter of Michael Wallace and Barbara Cunningham) was born about 1664; died in 1738 in White Clay Creek, New Castle, Delaware; was buried in White Clay Creek, New Castle, Delaware. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1672

Notes:

One of TWK's twelve proven "gateway ancestors." She arrived, with her brother Thomas (also an ancestor of TWK), at Boston in October 1714, on the Thomas and Jane out of Londonderry, William Wilson, master.

There are several places in Ireland called Donaghmore, Donoughmore, or Domhnach Mór -- the latter is simply Irish for "big church." Notwithstanding some online sources that give her birthplace as Donoughmore in county Cork, she was clearly born in Donoughmore in county Donegal, where her father was the Presbyterian minister from 1658 to 1688.

Katherine married Rev. William Homes on 26 Sep 1693 in Londonderry, Londonderry, Ireland. William (son of John Homes) was born about 1663 in Donaghmore, Donegal, Ireland; died on 20 Jun 1746 in Chilmark, Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts; was buried in Chilmark, Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

From research published in recent years on soc.genealogy.medieval, Margaret Wallace would appear to be, like her husband the Rev. Thomas Craighead, a "gateway ancestor" for TWK.

Jan Wolfe, post to soc.genealogy.medieval, 4 Oct 2019:

Ed Craighead obtained digital images of the court documents in the dispute between Thomas Craighead and Margaret Cunningham (see 1693/94 item in the "Chronicle" for Thomas Craighead and Margaret Wallace on my website, http://www-personal.umich.edu/~bobwolfe/gen/mn/m11456x11467.htm). When Ed requested the documents from the National Archives of Scotland, they were found to be in need of restoration and preservation and that work was completed before the images were provided to Ed.

The information on my website about the parents of Margaret Wallace is from the documents in the Craighead-Cunningham dispute. With these documents, Ed Craighead has positively identified Margaret's father as Michael Wallace of Ramelton/Rathmelton in co. Donegal, Ireland, and her mother as Michael's relict Barbara Cunningham who was age sixty on 22 February 1694 when she made a deposition in the case. Further, the documents indicate that Barbara was the sister of Margaret Cunningham who was the relict of Alexander Lockhart, writer in Edinburgh, one of the under clerks of sessions. The contract of marriage in which Margaret Cunningham had agreed to pay Thomas Craighead double what she gave to any other nephew or niece was signed on June 20, 1688, and registered in 1691. John Wallace, apothecary and burgess in Edinburgh and brother of Margaret Wallace, had received 3000 Merks from Margaret Cunningham, but there was a dispute about whether that payment was a gift to him as her nephew or for another matter. At the time of the court proceedings which started in December 1693, Master Thomas Craighead was an Alchemist in Edinburgh. One of the witnesses in the case was a John Cunningham younger writer to ye majesty's signet.

"ravinmaven", post to soc.genealogy.medieval, 7 Oct 2019:

The two documents that make us think John Cunningham and Janet Lockhart [of Dalkeith / Dankeith] are the parents of Margaret and Barbara:

Repository: National Records of Scotland
Reference: GD3/1/9/20/8
Title: Disposition and assignation by Alexander Lockhart in favour of Margaret Cunninghame
Dates: 17 Apr 1672
Access status: Open
Location: Off site
Description: Disposition and assignation by Alexander Lockhart in favour of Margaret Cunninghame, his spouse, (lawful daughter to unquhile John Cunninghame, procreat between him and unquhile Janet Lockhart) and the heirs to be procreat between them which failing Margaret, her own nearest and lawful heirs and assignees whomsoever of the foresaid lands reserving his own liferent
Dated at Wrightshouses near the burgh of Edinburgh
Level: Item
Previous numbers: GD3/1/3321

+ + + + + + + +

Repository: National Records of Scotland
Reference: GD149/149
Title: Charter de me by John Conyngham, younger of Dankeithe, and Janet Lockhart, his spouse, to Sir William Conynghame of Caprintoune and Isobel Hamilton, his spouse, of the half merk land of Hoilhous in parish of Symontoune and bailiary of Kylstewart
Dates: 8 Jan 1634
Access status: Open
Location: Off site
Level: File

Family/Spouse: Rev. Thomas Craighead. Thomas (son of Rev. Robert Craighead and Agnes Heart) was born about 1670 in Donoughmore, Donegal, Ireland; died in Apr 1739 in Newville, Cumberland, Pennsyvania. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1688
• Alternate death: 1753, Prince George's County, Maryland

Family/Spouse: Elizabeth Brewer. Elizabeth (daughter of John Brewer and Sarah Ridgely) was born on 25 Oct 1690 in Anne Arundel County, Maryland; died before 1751. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1663
• Alternate birth: Abt 1664
• Alternate death: Jul 1742, Albany, Albany, New York
• Alternate death: 1756, Albany, Albany, New York

Annatie married Adam Winne on 8 Aug 1683 in Albany, Albany, New York. Adam (son of Pieter Winne and Tannatje Adams) was born about 1663 in of Albany, Albany, New York; died about 1691. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Annatie married Jacob Teunise Van Woert on 18 Oct 1691 in Albany, Albany, New York. Jacob (son of Teunis Jacobsz and Sara Denys) was born about 1660; died before 18 Jul 1730 in Albany, Albany, New York; was buried on 18 Jul 1730 in Albany, Albany, New York. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Mary; Maria; Marritje Lamberts; Marritje Donckes. Remington (citation details below) calls her "possibly" a daughter of James Duncanson and Helen Livingston, and only "possibly" the second wife of Pieter Loockermans, but subsequent research appears to have solidified the likelihood of both connections.

Marritje married Pieter Jansen Loockermans about 1650 in New Netherland. Pieter was born on 5 Oct 1614 in Turnhout, Netherlands; died after 2 Jul 1674. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: William Offutt. William (son of William Offutt and Jane Joyce) was born in 1729 in of Montgomery County, Maryland; died in 1786. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Alice Craighead.

Family/Spouse: Rev. Alexander McDowell. Alexander (son of John McDowell) was born in 1721 in Gleno, Raloo, Antrim, Ireland; died on 13 Jan 1782; was buried in Stone Graveyard, Lewisville, Chester, Pennsylvania. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also spelled Huybertje Jaets.

Huybertje married Jacob Lansing on 13 May 1738. Jacob (son of Jacob H. Lansing and Helena Pruyn) was born on 22 Nov 1713; was christened on 29 Nov 1713; died on 8 Sep 1794. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Elizabeth Fort. Elizabeth died before 30 May 1756; was buried on 30 May 1756 in Albany, Albany, New York. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Thomas married Margaret Brownnear Boston, Suffolk, Massachusetts. Margaret (daughter of George Brown and Margaret Macky) was born in 1702 in Ireland; died on 13 Sep 1765; was buried in White Clay Creek, New Castle, Delaware. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Assumed to have been lost at sea in about 1727.

"May 15 1726. I heard this day from son Robert and understood that he has sold his sloop and designs to settle on shore and leave off the sea." ["Holmes, William. Diary." Manuscript digitized at the Congregational Library and Archives. 15 May 1726 entry on manuscript page 126 (click on the "close and view content" button on the lower right). Thanks to Jan Wolfe for finding this.]

"October 22. 1727. I heard the melancholy news of son Robert's death, but had no account of the circumstances of it." ["Diary of Reverend William Homes", citation details below]

Robert Homes is mentioned several times in the autobiography of his brother-in-law Benjamin Franklin, who consistently spells his last name "Holmes." Those instances are reproduced here on Janet and Robert Wolfe's (excellent) genealogy site.

Robert married Mary Franklin on 3 Apr 1716 in Boston, Suffolk, Massachusetts. Mary (daughter of Josiah Franklin and Abiah Folger) was born on 26 Sep 1694 in Boston, Suffolk, Massachusetts; was christened on 30 Sep 1695 in Old South Church, Boston, Suffolk, Massachusetts; died in 1731 in Boston, Suffolk, Massachusetts. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: John Allen. John (son of James Allen and Elizabeth Partridge) was born about 1682 in West Tisbury, Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts; died on 17 Oct 1767 in Chilmark, Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Margaret Jackson. Margaret (daughter of John Jackson and Ruth Beall) was born in 1711; died in 1801. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Cathlina.

Catelyntje married Cristoffel Yates on 12 Jul 1706 in Albany, Albany, New York. Cristoffel (son of Joseph Yates and Huybertsie Marselis Van Bommel) was born on 16 Apr 1684 in Albany, Albany, New York; died before 26 Feb 1754; was buried on 26 Feb 1754 in Albany, Albany, New York. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Jacob married Hendrikje Oothout on 17 Oct 1723 in Reformed Dutch Church, Albany, Albany, New York. Hendrikje (daughter of Johannes Oothout and Aaltje Evertsz) was born before 5 Jan 1707; was christened on 5 Jan 1707 in Albany, Albany, New York. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1663
• Alternate birth: Abt 1664
• Alternate death: Jul 1742, Albany, Albany, New York
• Alternate death: 1756, Albany, Albany, New York

Annatie married Adam Winne on 8 Aug 1683 in Albany, Albany, New York. Adam (son of Pieter Winne and Tannatje Adams) was born about 1663 in of Albany, Albany, New York; died about 1691. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Annatie married Jacob Teunise Van Woert on 18 Oct 1691 in Albany, Albany, New York. Jacob (son of Teunis Jacobsz and Sara Denys) was born about 1660; died before 18 Jul 1730 in Albany, Albany, New York; was buried on 18 Jul 1730 in Albany, Albany, New York. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 1824, Ohio County, Kentucky

Margaret married Baruch Odell in 1780 in Maryland. Baruch (son of Thomas Odell and Keziah Offutt) was born in 1755 in Frederick County, Maryland; died after 9 Jun 1789 in Montgomery County, Maryland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

From “The McDowell Family”, citation details below:

John was born in Cecil county, Maryland, in 1750; was educated as a physician at the medical school of the University of Pennsylvania. He married Martha Johnston, at New London Cross Roads, Chester County. About the year 1804 he removed to Steubenville, Ohio and died there January 1, 1825. He was an officer and surgeon in the Continental and United States army. In the Revolutionary War he served with distinction and honor; was engaged in the ‘Crossing of the Delaware,’ the battle of Princeton, Trenton and others. Congress presented him with a sword. He was a close personal friend of Gen. George Washington, and one of the original members of the Society of the Cincinnati. His military record is as follows: First lieutenant and surgeon’s mate, Sixth Pennsylvania Battalion, Jan 9, 1776; first lieutenant, no date, and captain Seventh Pennsylvania March 20, 1777; transferred to First Pennsylvania, Jan. 1, 1783, and served to Nov. 3 1783; surgeon United States infantry regiment, Aug. 1, 1784; resigned July 24, 1788.

He served his State as a member of the Executive Council for three years and was also a member of the Legislature.

John married Martha JohnstonNew London Crossroads, Chester, Pennsylvania. Martha (daughter of Alexander Johnston and Martha) was born in New London Crossroads, Chester, Pennsylvania. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

As of 19 Jan 2019, she is identified on Wikitree as a daughter of Pieter Johannes Lansing (1721-1807) and Elizabeth Wendell (1723-1761), which would give her a descent from both the Schuyler family (of the three sisters made famous by Hamilton) and the van Rensselaer family, patroons of the Rensselaerwyck manor.

But a sidebar to that Wikitree page, attributed to Ellen Smith, notes that the parentage assigned to her by Munsell (citation details below), which we follow, is as plausible or more plausible for several reasons. Of their first three children, Elizabeth and Jacob were the names of Johannes Van Woert’s parents, and Hubertje was the name of Cathalyntje’s mother, assuming Cathalyntje’s parents were as shown here. And assuming the same, two of this couple’s children’s baptisms — those of Jacob and Willempje — were witnessed by Jacob Lansing and his wife Willempje, Jacob being one of Cathalyntje’s brothers.

Cathalyntje married Johannes Van Woert on 20 Jun 1770. Johannes (son of Jacob Van Woert and Elizabeth Fort) was born on 14 May 1750; was christened on 17 Jun 1750 in Albany, Albany, New York; died on 5 Oct 1836 in Pittstown, Rensselaer, New York; was buried in Millertown Cemetery, Pittstown, Rensselaer, New York. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Johannes married Cathalyntje Lansing on 20 Jun 1770. Cathalyntje (daughter of Jacob Lansing and Huybertje Yates) was born on 1 May 1753; was christened on 6 May 1753 in Reformed Dutch Church, Albany, Albany, New York. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Alice Craighead.

Family/Spouse: Rev. Alexander McDowell. Alexander (son of John McDowell) was born in 1721 in Gleno, Raloo, Antrim, Ireland; died on 13 Jan 1782; was buried in Stone Graveyard, Lewisville, Chester, Pennsylvania. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 10 Jan 1716, Boston, Suffolk, Massachusetts

Notes:

His grandfather William Homes wrote in his diary: "My Grand Son William Homes was born on Jan^y 10 1716/17 at 2 afternoon. He was baptized in the old north church by D^r Increase Mather the 13^th day of the same month."

He was a gold and silver smith. Described (by an unattributed source quoted in Lineage of the Bowens of Woodstock, Connecticut, citation details below, as "a man of tender conscience, good-tempered, and inclined to jocoseness," "thin, [with] large joints, [and] round-shouldered," and was "thought to bear a striking resemblance to his uncle, Benjamin Franklin."

Also according to Lineage of the Bowens of Woodstock, Connecticut, he was born in the same house where his famous uncle is said to have been born.