Thomas de Holland

Notes:

Earl of Kent. “[F]ought in Spain with the Black Prince and in France and Scotland, Marshal of England 1379-85, ambassador for Richard II, over whom he is said to have exerted an evil influence for his personal gain, had custody of the castles of Calais and of the Tower, hereditary Constable of Corfe Castle.” [The Ancestry of Charles II, King of England (citation details below)]

Thomas married Alice Fitz Alan after 10 Apr 1364. Alice (daughter of Richard Fitz Alan and Eleanor of Lancaster) died on 17 Mar 1416. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Thomas of Lancaster. Thomas (son of Henry IV, King of England and Mary de Bohun) was born in 1387; died on 22 Mar 1421 in Baugé, Anjou, France; was buried in Canterbury Cathedral, Canterbury, Kent, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married John Beaufort before 28 Sep 1397. John (son of John of Gaunt and Catherine de Roet) was born about 1371; died on 16 Mar 1410 in Hospital of St.-Catherine-by-the-Tower, London, England; was buried in Canterbury Cathedral, Canterbury, Kent, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

First of her name. Not to be confused with her younger sister, also Eleanor Holland, who married Thomas Montagu.

She is erroneously given in The Ancestry of Charles II (citation details below) as a daughter of Thomas Holand and Joan "The Fair Maid of Kent." They were her paternal grandparents, not her parents. This error was noted by Greg Cooke on soc.genealogy.medieval, 4 Mar 2019.

Eleanor married Roger Mortimer about 7 Oct 1388. Roger (son of Edmund Mortimer and Philippe of Clarence) was born on 11 Apr 1374 in Usk, Monmouthshire, Wales; died on 20 Jul 1398 in Kells, Meath, Ireland; was buried in Wigmore Abbey, Herefordshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Edmund of Langley. Edmund (son of Edward III, King of England and Philippa of Hainault, Queen Consort of England) was born on 5 Jun 1341 in Kings Langley, Hertfordshire, England; died on 1 Aug 1402 in Kings Langley, Hertfordshire, England; was buried in Church of the Dominicans, Langley, Hertfordshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: William Willoughby. William (son of Robert de Willoughby and Margery la Zouche) was born about 1370 in of Eresby, Lincolnshire, England; died on 4 Dec 1409 in Edgefield, Norfolk, England; was buried in Spilsby, Lincolnshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Joan married Henry Bromflete between 29 Sep 1415 and 27 Apr 1416. Henry (son of Thomas Bromflete and Margaret St. John) was born between 1405 and 1407; died on 16 Jan 1469; was buried in Whitefriars, London, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Second of her name. Not to be confused with her older sister, also Eleanor Holland, who married Roger Mortimer.

Eleanor married Thomas Montagu before 24 May 1399. Thomas (son of John Montagu and Maud Fraunceys) was born in 1388; died on 3 Nov 1428 in Mueng-sur-Loire near Beaugency, France; was buried in Bisham Priory, Berkshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Duke of Somerset.

Edmund married Eleanor Beauchamp between 1431 and 1433. Eleanor was born in Sep 1408 in Wedgenock, Warwickshire, England; died on 6 Mar 1467 in Baynard's Castle, London, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

“[S]trong-minded, intelligent, and bloody avenger of her first husband King James I, briefly regent.” [The Ancestry of Charles II, King of England (citation details below)]

Joan married James I, King of Scots on 12 Feb 1424 in St. Mary Overy's, Southwark, Surrey, England. James (son of Robert III, King of Scots and Annabella Drummond) was born in Jul 1394 in Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland; died on 21 Feb 1437 in Perth, Perthshire, Scotland; was buried in Perth, Perthshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Joan married James Stewart before 21 Sep 1439. James (son of John Stewart and Isabel of Argyll) died after 17 Aug 1451. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

From Wikipedia (accessed 13 Apr 2021):

John Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset, 3rd Earl of Somerset [...] was an English nobleman and military commander during the Hundred Years War. He was the maternal grandfather of Henry VII.

[...H]e was the second son of John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset (1371-1410), the eldest of the four legitimized children of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, by his mistress Katherine Swynford. John of Gaunt was the third surviving son of King Edward III. His wife was Margaret Holland (1385-1439), a daughter of Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent, the son of Joan "the Fair Maid of Kent", a grand-daughter of King Edward I and wife of Edward the Black Prince (eldest brother of John of Gaunt) and mother of King Richard II.

In 1418 he became 3rd Earl of Somerset, having succeeded his elder brother Henry Beaufort, 2nd Earl of Somerset (1401-1418), who died unmarried, aged 17, whilst fighting for the Lancastrian cause at the Siege of Rouen in France, under the command of their uncle Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter (1377-1426).

He fought in the 1419 French campaigns of his cousin King Henry V. In 1421 he accompanied his step-father Thomas of Lancaster, Duke of Clarence (the king's younger brother) on a campaign in Anjou, France. Thomas was killed at the Battle of Baugé (22 March 1421), while Somerset and his younger brother were captured and imprisoned for 17 years. On 25 March 1425 Somerset came into his majority, but his paternal estates had to be managed by his mother for the next thirteen years of his imprisonment. He remained imprisoned until 1438 and having been ransomed, became one of the leading English commanders in France.

In 1443 John was created Duke of Somerset and Earl of Kendal, was made a Knight of the Garter and appointed Captain-General of Guyenne. He presided over a period during which England lost much territory in France and proved a poor commander. Humphrey of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Gloucester, regent for the young King Henry VI, was unable to control the administration of justice and finance, which led to widespread lawlessness. At the beginning of the second protectorate of Richard, Duke of York, Gloucester declined the office of Lieutenant-Governor, which was then accepted by Somerset, who drew from it a salary of 600 pounds.

He was appointed Admiral of the Sea to the army commander John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury, who from August 1440 besieged Harfleur, which had been in French hands for five months. King Charles VII of France sent a large army under Richemont. The English dug a double ditch rampart with only 1,000 men, while Somerset's squadron prevented a French landing by sea, using archers to pick off the enemy at short range. Having been thus frustrated the French withdrew to Paris and lifted the siege. The town surrendered to the English and was re-occupied. York was incensed that John's uncle Cardinal Henry Beaufort advised the king to sue for peace. Somerset advised King Henry that peace was humanitarian and that the king of France was determined to seize Pontoise. When York arrived in Normandy in 1441 to the campaign, Somerset had resigned. But the fall of Pontoise to Charles, Duke of Orléans in September 1441 weakened English garrisons and in Gascony the situation was even worse. The Beauforts sent Sir Edward Hull, who arrived at Bordeaux on 22 October 1442 to inform York that a huge army would arrive commanded by Somerset. York was ordered to fortify Rouen; just as the king and Dauphin of France were threatening Bordeaux and Aquitaine and seized the town of Dax Somerset dithered; York was held back as Guyenne was being lost.

Meanwhile, the Duke of York, fighting alongside the tactician Lord Talbot, had been appointed Lieutenant for all France. With the Duke of Gloucester's wife Eleanor charged with treason, Somerset took the opportunity in April 1443 to declare himself Lieutenant of Aquitaine and Captain-General of Guyenne. By then, the negotiations Somerset had started as Captain-General of Calais had failed. These two factors turned York against the Beauforts. But the last straw was the payment of £25,000 to Somerset while York remained heavily in debt. Furthermore, Guyenne was consuming precious resources otherwise destined for Normandy.

In August 1443 Somerset led 7,000 men to Cherbourg and marched south to Gascony; the duke was ill. He blundered into Guerche, a Breton town with which England had signed a peace treaty. But Somerset set all prisoners free, accepting money from the Duke of Brittany. Marching aimlessly through Maine, he returned that winter to England. His death in 1444, possibly by suicide, and that of his uncle the Cardinal, marked the end of Beaufort influence and left the door open for William de la Pole, 1st Duke of Suffolk, to dominate the government.[9] The lasting effect of these events was burning resentment between the House of York and the remaining members of the Beaufort family.

Family/Spouse: (Unknown mistress of John Beaufort). [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

John married Margaret Beauchamp after 2 Aug 1441. Margaret (daughter of John Beauchamp and Edith Stourton) was born about 1410; died before 3 Jun 1482. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

She has to have died on or after 22 September 1411, since that is the day her son Richard was born.

Anne married Richard of Conisburgh before 23 May 1408. Richard (son of Edmund of Langley and Isabella of Castile) was born about 1375 in Conisburgh Castle, Yorkshire, England; died on 5 Aug 1415 in Southampton, Hampshire, England; was buried in Southampton, Hampshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Alice Montagu.

Alice married Richard Neville before Mar 1420 in Orléans, Loiret, France. Richard (son of Ralph de Neville and Joan Beaufort) was born about 1401; died on 30 Dec 1460 in Pontefract, Yorkshire, England; was buried in Bisham Priory, Berkshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Humphrey Stafford. Humphrey (son of Humphrey Stafford and Anne Neville) died in 1455. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married Richard Darell before 1 Aug 1463. Richard (son of William Darell and Elizabeth Calston) was born in of Littlecote, Wiltshire, England; died in 1489. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Anne married William Paston before 1470. William (son of William Paston and Agnes Berry) was born in 1436; died in 1496 in London, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Annabella married George Gordon before 10 Mar 1460, and was divorced on 24 Jul 1471 in Aberdeen, Scotland. George was born before 1442. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Killed at the siege of Roxburgh Castle when one of the large cannons he had imported from Flanders, nicknamed "The Lion," exploded next to him.

"[V]igorous and successful in his personal reign, popular with the people but not with the great nobles, suppressed the Black Douglas." [The Ancestry of Charles II, King of England (citation details below)]

James married Mary of Guelders on 3 Jul 1449 in Holyrood, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. Mary (daughter of Arnold van Egmond and Katherina of Kleve) was born on 17 Jan 1433 in Grave, Brabant, Netherlands; died on 1 Dec 1463 in Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland; was buried in Church of the Holy Trinity, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

1st Earl of Atholl.

John married Eleanor Sinclair before 19 Apr 1475. Eleanor died on 21 Mar 1519; was buried in Dunkeld, Perthshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

She was born in France during her father's long captivity there. She was officially made a denizen of England on 20 Jun 1443.

Tacine married Reynold Grey before 29 Sep 1447. Reynold (son of Richard Grey and Blanche) was born about 1421 in of Wilton, Herefordshire, England; died on 22 Feb 1494; was buried in Bletchley, Buckinghamshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

"[S]trong partisan of the cause of her son King Henry VII, worthy and high-minded, patroness of learning and of the early printed book, founder of St. John's and Christ's College, Cambridge." [The Ancestry of Charles II, King of England (citation details below)]

Margaret married Edmund Tudor in 1455. Edmund (son of Owen ap Maredudd ap Tudur and Catherine of Valois, Queen Consort of England) was born about 1430 in Much Hadham, Hertfordshire, England; died on 3 Nov 1456 in Carmarthen, Carmarthenshire, Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married Thomas Stanley in 1472. Thomas (son of Thomas Stanley and Joan Goushill) was born about 1433; died on 29 Jul 1504 in Lathom, Cheshire, England; was buried in Burscough Priory, Lancashire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Henry Bourchier. Henry (son of William Bourchier and Anne of Gloucester) died in 1483. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Duke of York. Often called "Richard Plantagenet," a surname which he actually used on occasion in his own lifetime, something not done by any other Plantagenet. Killed in the Battle of Wakefield.

"[T]he most powerful subject in England, heir of the Mortimer claim to the crown, king's lieutenant in Normandy and Ireland, self-interest mingled in him with a love of justice and desire for administrative reform, he claimed the throne but was defeated and slain in battle." [The Ancestry of Charles II, King of England (citation details below)]

Noted in a footnote on page 69 of The Ancestry of Charles II, King of England (citation details below): "Nearly every source has his date of birth as 21 September. However, CP 14:642 includes a correction to CP 12(2):905, that changes the date of birth to 22 September. Johnson, Duke Richard of York, 1 n. 1, has 22 September, noting that it was on the feast of St. Maurice."

Richard married Cecily Neville before 18 Oct 1424. Cecily (daughter of Ralph de Neville and Joan Beaufort) was born on 3 May 1415; died on 31 May 1495 in Berkhamsted Castle, Hertfordshire, England; was buried in Fotheringay, Northamptonshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Eleanor married Thomas Stanley between 1455 and 1459. Thomas (son of Thomas Stanley and Joan Goushill) was born about 1433; died on 29 Jul 1504 in Lathom, Cheshire, England; was buried in Burscough Priory, Lancashire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

16th Earl of Warwick. 6th Earl of Salisbury. "The Kingmaker." Killed at the Battle of Barnet.

Richard married Anne Beauchamp in 1434. Anne (daughter of Richard de Beauchamp and Isabel le Despenser) was born on 13 Jul 1429; died about 20 Sep 1492. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Catherine married William Bonville in 1458. William (son of William Bonville and Margaret Grey) died on 31 Dec 1460 in Wakefield, Yorkshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]