Margaret of Buchan

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 1243
• Alternate death: Bef Aug 1244

Notes:

Countess of Buchan.

Margaret married William Comyn about 1210. William (son of Richard Comyn and Hextilda of Tynedale) died in 1233. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 1289

Notes:

Earl of Buchan. Justiciar, 1251-55 and 1257-89. Called by Complete Peerage "one of the most powerful nobles of the time."

Family/Spouse: Elizabeth de Quincy. Elizabeth (daughter of Roger de Quincy and Helen of Galloway) died before 4 May 1303. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: William of Mar. William (son of Duncan of Mar) died before 25 Jul 1281. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

From Complete Peerage I:148, footnote (a):

Her Christian name is sometimes given as Agnes, but of the marriage itself there is no doubt. Wyntoun, in his account of the Earls of Buchan, (Cronykil ed. Macpherson, vol. ii, p. 35) states that of the "systris fywe of Earl John"--

"The thryd [had] Schyr Gylbert Wmfrayvyle,
Erle of Angws in that qwliile,
(Of Angws and of Ryddysdale
Erle he wes, and Lord all hale)
On that Lady eftyrwart
Of Wmfraywylle he gat Robert:
On that Lady he gat alswa
Othir Brethyr to Robert ma."

Family/Spouse: Gilbert de Umfreville. Gilbert (son of Gilbert de Umfreville and Maud of Angus) was born about 1244 in of Prudhoe, Hexham, Northumberland, England; died before 13 Oct 1307; was buried in 1307 in Hexham Priory, Northumberland, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Joanna Latimer. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

"She held the Castle of Dunbar for the Scots till forced, 29 Apr. 1296, to surrender it to Edward I." [Complete Peerage, citation details below]

Marjory married Patrick of Dunbar before 1283. Patrick (son of Patrick of Dunbar and Cecily fitz John) was born about 1242; died on 10 Oct 1308. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

10th Earl of Mar.

Family/Spouse: Ellen. Ellen (daughter of Llywelyn Fawr ap Iorwerth and (One of the several mistresses of Llywelyn ap Iorwerth)) died after Feb 1294. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

"[Gilbert de Umfreville, s. and h. ap. He was brought before the King's Council to answer for his contempt in striking one of the King's ministers at the Parl. held at Berwick in the octave of the Assumption, 22 Aug. 1296. He m. Margaret, 1st da. of Sir Thomas de Clare, Lord of Thormond in Connaught, by Julian, 2nd da. and eventually sole h. of Maurice Fitz Maurice, Lord Justice of Ireland. He d. v.p., s.p., before 23 May 1303. His widow m., before 30 June 1308, Sir Bartholomew Badlesmere [Lord Badlesmere], who d. 14 Apr 1322." [Complete Peerage I:148-49]

Gilbert married Margaret de Clare in 1289. Margaret (daughter of Thomas de Clare and Juliane fitz Maurice) was born between 1286 and 1287; died in 1333. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 30 Mar 1325
• Alternate death: 2 Apr 1325
• Alternate death: 12 Apr 1325

Notes:

Earl of Angus. Joint Lieutenant and Guardian of Scotland, 1308. Warden and Chief Justice in Eyre of the forests south of Trent.

"Robert (de Umfreville), Earl of Angus [S.], and Lord Umfreville [E.], 2nd, but 1st surv. s. and h., aged 30 and more at his father's death. He did homage and had livery of his father's lands, 6 Nov. 1307. He was sum., 18 Jan. 1307/8, to attend the coronation of Edward II, and by that King was appointed Joint King's Lieut. and Keeper in Scotland, 21 June 1308, Joint Guardian between Berwick and the Forth, 16 Aug. 1308, and a Commissioner to treat with the Scots, 14 Nov. 1308, 16 Feb. 1309/10, 22 Feb. 13 15/6, and 18 Mar. 1317/8. He was sum. to Parl. from 19 Jan. (1307/8) I Edw. II to 26 Dec. (1323) 17 Edw. II, by writs directed Roberto de Umframvill' comiti de Anegos. He m. 1stly, before 20 Sep. 1303, Lucy, da. and in her issue h. of Sir Philip de Kyme [1st Lord Kyme], by Joan, da. of Sir Hugh le Bigod, Chief Justiciar of England. He m., 2ndly, Alienor. He d. Mar. 1325, and was bur. in the Abbey of Newminster. Dower was assigned to his widow 10 and 19 July 1325. She m., before 16 Aug. 1327 (at which date he was fined £10 and had pardon for marrying her without licence) Sir Roger Mauduit, of Eshot, Northumberland, sometime Chamberlain of Scotland, who d. before 24 Feb. 1350. She d. 31 Mar. 1368." [Complete Peerage I:149-50, as corrected in Volume XIV.]

"It is not clear whether Lucy was Philip's heir in her issue, as she had a sister Agnes who left issue, and it is unknown whether this issue became extinct (see Kyme, volume 7, page 357 and note d)."[Chris Phillips, Some Corrections and Additions to The Complete Peerage]

Robert married Lucy de Kyme before 20 Sep 1303. Lucy (daughter of Philip de Kyme and Joan le Bigod) died before 1318. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Alice married Henry de Beaumont before 14 Jul 1310. Henry (son of Louis de Brienne and Agnes de Beaumont) died on 10 Mar 1340. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Isabel married Robert de Brus, King of Scotland about 1295. Robert (son of Robert de Brus and Marjory of Carrick) was born on 11 Jul 1274 in Scotland; died on 7 Jun 1329 in Cardross, Dumbartonshire, Scotland; was buried in Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

7th Earl of Mar. The identity of his wife is unknown; she was almost certainly not Christian Bruce, sister or aunt of Robert the Bruce, as variously claimed.

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Gilbert de Burradon. Gilbert (son of Walter Burradon) was born in of Burradon, Alwinton, Northumberland, England; died before 1351. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

She outlived her husband.

Isabel married Henry of Grosmont about 1337. Henry (son of Henry of Lancaster and Maud de Chaworth) was born in 1314; died on 24 Mar 1361 in Leicester, Leicestershire, England; was buried in Leicester, Leicestershire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

He served on an expedition to France in 1339. He was summoned to Parliament 23 Feb 1342. He died at a tournament.

John married Eleanor of Lancaster before Jun 1337. Eleanor (daughter of Henry of Lancaster and Maud de Chaworth) was born about 1318; died on 11 Jan 1372 in Arundel, Sussex, England; was buried in Lewes Priory, Sussex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 1357, Crete

Notes:

Not to be confused with his uncle Patrick, 8th Earl of Dunbar, who married Agnes Randolph, sister of this Patrick's wife Isabella Randolph. Agnes was "Black Agnes", renowned for her heroic defense of Dunbar Castle against an English siege.

"[F]ought against the English at the battles of Neville's Cross near Durham (1346) and Poitiers (1356)." [The Ancestry of Charles II, citation details below]

Patrick married Isabel Randolph about 1340. Isabel (daughter of Thomas Randolph and Isabel Stewart) was born about 1320; died after 1360. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Died "during her second pregnancy from a fall from a horse. In her issue heiress to Scotland." [The Ancestry of Charles II, King of England (citation details below)]

Marjory married Walter Stewart after 25 Apr 1315. Walter (son of James Stewart and Giles de Burgh) was born about 1297; died on 9 Apr 1327 in Bathgate, West Lothian, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: John Menteith. John (son of John de Menteith) was born in of Arran, Ayrshire, Scotland; died about 1344. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

8th Earl of Mar. Killed at the Battle of Dupplin Moor.

From Wikipedia (accessed 24 Aug 2021):

Domhnall II, Earl of Mar [...] was briefly Regent of Scotland during the minority of David II, King of Scotland. [...]

It appears likely that he fought on the side of Edward II of England at the Battle of Boroughbridge in March 1322, as it is recorded that afterwards the Earl of Mar took Bartholomew de Badlesmere, who was one of Edward's captured opponents, to Canterbury.

In 1332 the regent of Scotland, Thomas Randolph, 1st Earl of Moray, died. On 2 August Domhnall was elected as the new regent at a meeting of the Scottish nobles at Perth. Following the invasion of Edward Balliol, with the support of Edward III of England, Mar led the Scots loyalists to confront them. He was defeated and killed at the Battle of Dupplin Moor, only nine days after his election as regent.

Family/Spouse: Isabel Stewart. Isabel (daughter of Alexander Stewart and (Unknown) Randolph) died between 15 Jun 1347 and 15 Jan 1348. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also Alianor de Borrowdon.

At the death of her uncle Gilbert de Umfraville, the last Earl of Angus (1310-1381), "[h]is heir at law was his niece Alienor, de jure (according to modern doctrine) Baroness Kyme, then aged 40 and more, and widow of Sir Henry Tailboys, de jure 6th Lord Kyme, she being da. and h. of Elizabeth (the Earl's only sister of the whole blood who left issue), by Sir Gilbert Borrowdon. Her grandson, Walter Tailboys, inherited Harbottle, Otterburn, Kyme, &c., on the death of Sir Robert de Umfreville, K.G., 27 Jan. 1436/7." [Complete Peerage 1:151, footnote (a), as corrected in Volume XIV.]

Family/Spouse: Henry Tailboys. Henry (son of William Tailboys and Margaret) was born about 1334 in of Hepple, Rothbury, Northumberland, England; died on 23 Feb 1369. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Charles M. Hansen noted in 2023 (citation details below) that she was born on the feast of the Annunciation, which was on 25 March in 1342, not 23 March as erroneously reported in his and Neil D. Thompson's Ancestry of Charles II (citation details below).

Blanche married John of Gaunt in May 1359 in Reading Abbey, Berkshire, England. John (son of Edward III, King of England and Philippa of Hainault, Queen Consort of England) was born in Mar 1340 in Abbey of St. Bavo, Ghent, Flanders; was christened after 24 Jun 1340 in Ghent, Flanders; died on 3 Feb 1399 in Leicester Castle, Leicester, Leicestershire, England; was buried in St. Paul's Cathedral, London, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

3rd Lord Beaumont. He was born in Brabant during his mother's attendance on Queen Philippe. He was naturalized by an act of Parliament in 1351.

Henry married Margaret de Vere before 15 Feb 1363. Margaret (daughter of John de Vere and Maud de Badlesmere) died on 15 Jun 1398; was buried in Grey Friars, Smithfield, London, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1336
• Alternate death: Between 1416 and 31 Mar 1423

Notes:

10th Earl of Dunbar. CP styles him "Earl of March, or Dunbar."

"[E]ngaged in Border warfare to regain his hereditary land from the English, sacking Roxburgh in 1378, at the battle of Otterburn in 1388, broke with the Scottish king in 1400 and entered English service, gained high favor with King Henry IV, fighting for him at Homildon Hill and Shewsbury, later reconciled with the Scottish regent and restored to his earldom before June 1409." [The Ancestry of Charles II, citation details below]

"[I]n the reign of Robert II (1370-90) he is styled Lord of Annandale and Man. A Warden of the Marches, 1372; was at the Parl. at Scone, 1373, when the succession to the throne was settled; accompanied Douglas in his raid into England, after whose death at Otterburn, in 1388, the command of the Scots devolved on him. His da., Elizabeth, having been betrothed to the Duke of Rothesay, the h. ap. to the Crown, and that prince, disregarding such contract (having m. Marjorie Douglas in Feb. 1399/1400), the Earl renounced his allegiance, 25 July 1400, and joined the English, whose King (Henry IV) granted him the forfeited estates of the Lord Bardolf, he having assisted at the battles of Homildon Hill, 14 Sep. 1402, and of Shrewsbury, 23 July 1403. After the death of Robert III in 1406, he treated with the Regent Albany for restoration to Scotland. This, however, was not effected without his resigning, to the all powerful Earl of Douglas, the Lordship of Annandale, the Castle of Lochmaben, &c., by charter 2 Oct. 1409. In 1411 he was one of the Commissioners for a truce with England." [Complete Peerage, citation details below]

Family/Spouse: Cristina Wardlaw. Cristina died after 1418. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

"[H]eir apparent to the Scottish throne for almost half a century (1318-24 and 1329-71), he reigned himself for nineteen years, led the defense against the English during King David II's exile and imprisonment, his active life was behind him when he ascended the throne, and during his last years the kingdom was administered by his sons." [The Ancestry of Charles II, King of England (citation details below)]

Robert married Elizabeth More after 22 Nov 1347. Elizabeth (daughter of Adam More and Joanna Cunningham) died before 1355; was buried in Church of the Blackfriars, Perth, Perthshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Robert married Euphemia Ross about May 1355. Euphemia (daughter of Hugh Ross and Margaret Graham) died on 20 Feb 1388; was buried in Dunfermline Abbey, Fife, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Edward Keith. Edward (son of Edward Keith and Isabel de Synton) died before 1352. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Christian married Robert Erskine of that Ilk about 1352. Robert (son of William Erskine) died between 14 May 1385 and 11 Nov 1385. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Countess of Mar.

Margaret married William de Douglas before 13 Nov 1357. William (son of Archibald Douglas and Beatrice Lindsay) was born about 1320; died about May 1384 in Douglas, Lanarkshire, Scotland; was buried in Melrose Abbey, Roxburghshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Bef Dec 1397
• Alternate death: Bef 31 Dec 1397

Joan married Andrew Luttrell before 1380. Andrew (son of Andrew Luttrell and Hawise le Despenser) was born about 1364 in of Irnham, Lincolnshire, England; died on 31 Dec 1397. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 1351
• Alternate birth: Abt 1351
• Alternate death: 21 Sep 1417
• Alternate death: 20 Sep 1418

Notes:

Sheriff of Lincolnshire 13 Dec 1389 - 7 Mar 1390.

Knight of the shire for Lincolnshire, Feb 1383, 1386, Feb 1388.

HoP and Richardson's RA concur in giving him a birth date of 2 Feb 1350. But RA, AR8, and VCH Durham give his father birth years ranging from 1334 to 1337, making his father 12 to 15 years old when Sir Walter was conceived. Not impossible, but a red flag.

From the History of Parliament:

"Although he was still in his early thirties when he moved south, Tailboys had already gained some experience of local government in Northumberland. He was, moreover, a seasoned campaigner, having on his own testimony begun the profession of arms at about the age of 19. His military exploits seem to have been confined to the Anglo-Scottish border, which was the scene of protracted hostilities throughout this period. Indeed, in 1380, he was actually taken captive and ransomed by the Scots, King Richard intervening to authorize an exchange of prisoners and the shipment of grain supplies to Scotland as measures towards his release. Tailboys may well have fought in the retinue of the earl of Northumberland, to whom, as we have seen, his mother became connected by marriage. He certainly took part in Richard II's unsuccessful expedition to Scotland in 1385, although by then his involvement in border society had virtually ceased. Within less than two years of his arrival in Lincolnshre, Tailboys was returned by the county electors to Parliament, and soon after that he began serving regularly as a royal commissioner there. His servants were accustomed to the lawlessness of the northern march, and found it less easy to settle down: in 1384, for example, a commission of oyer and terminer was set up to investigate a robbery committed by them on the widowed Lady Roos's estates at Wragby. Even so, their master soon established himself as a leading member of the local community. He was again returned to the House of Commons in 1386, giving evidence during the session on behalf of Richard, Lord Scrope of Bolton, in his celebrated dispute with Sir Robert Grosvenor over their claim to the same coat of arms.

"We do not know if Tailboys was an active supporter of the Lords Appellant, but his return to the Merciless Parliament of 1388 in which they secured the downfall of the court party suggests that he had some sympathy with their cause. This is borne out by his decision to sue out royal letters of pardon in April 1398, when Richard had already punished the chief of his enemies of ten years before. On the other hand, however, the King thought sufficiently well of him to entrust him with the difficult task of settling the civic disturbances which affected Lincoln so seriously in the spring of 1393; and although the problem eventually proved too delicate for a routine commission, it is clear that Tailboys was regarded by the authorities as a man of some consequence. [...]

"He was [...] summoned as a representative for Lincolnshire to the great councils of August 1401 and 1403; and although he performed comparatively few official duties after this date he remained active for several more years. This is evident from a complaint made by the citizens of Lincoln in the spring of 1411, alleging that Tailboys and a retinue of 'about 160 horsemen' had tried to murder Sir Thomas Chaworth in the city, killing two local men and wounding many others in their attempt. He and his brother-in-law, Sir Geoffrey Luttrell, were, moreover, charged with laying ambushes for local wool merchants on their way to the coast and terrorizing the countryside. The severity with which these crimes was viewed may be gauged from the size of the pledges for good behaviour (£3,000) demanded from Tailboys at this time, and the setting up of a commission of oyer and terminer to examine those concerned."

*****

Note: The Luttrell that was brother-in-law to Walter Tailboys was Andrew Luttrell (1365-1367), husband of Tailboys' sister Joan, not "Geoffrey." HOP is in error here.

Walter married Margaret before 1396. Margaret died after Nov 1417. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

"[D]iscreet, pious, austere, and modest, mother of the 'Illustrious Generation' as her children were called, introduced French customs and culture to the Portugese court." [The Ancestry of Charles II, King of England (citation details below)]

She died of the plague.

Philippa of Lancaster = Joao I, King of Portugal
Joao, Prince of Portugal = Isabella of Braganza
Isabella of Portugal = Juan II, King of Castile (1405-1454)
Isabella of Castile (1451-1504) = Ferdinand I, King of Spain (1452-1516)

Philippa married Joao I, King of Portugal on 11 Nov 1387 in Porto, Portugal. Joao was born on 11 Apr 1358 in Lisbon, Portugal; died on 14 Aug 1433 in Lisbon, Portugal; was buried in Batalha, Portugal. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Elizabeth married John Holand on 24 Jun 1386 in Plymouth, Devon, England. John (son of Thomas de Holand and Joan of Kent) died on 9 Jan 1400 in Pleshey Castle, Essex, England; was buried in Collegiate Church, Pleshey, Essex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

“He was born in Gaunt’s castle at Bolingbroke in Lincolnshire in the spring of 1367 (on 1 June Edward III paid £5 to the messenger who brought him news of his grandson’s birth), very possibly on 15 April. That day was Maundy Thursday, a feast Henry observed with particular attention in later life.” [Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, citation details below]

Henry married Mary de Bohun on 5 Feb 1381 in Rochford Hall, Essex, England. Mary (daughter of Humphrey de Bohun and Joan Fitz Alan) died in 1394. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Katherine de Everingham. Katherine died before 1 Feb 1427. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: of Cairnie, Aberdeenshire, Scotland
• Alternate death: Bef 1444

Notes:

"[L]ost a finger pursuing the assassins of James I, granted the barony of Auchtermonzie for his attempted defense of the king." [The Ancestry of Charles II, citation details below]

"Some time before his father's death he had a grant of the lands of Cockburn and Brigham, in Berwickshire, the latter for life only. It was probably he who, in May 1421, was sent a prisoner to the Tower. On 20 February 1437, when King James I was attacked by his murderers, Sir David rushed to the King's assistance, but was wounded and disabled." [The Scots Peerage, citation details below]

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Beatrice. Beatrice died before 1421. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married John of the Isles about 18 Jul 1350. John (son of Angus Og of the Isles and Agnes O'Cathan) died in 1387 in Ardtornish Castle, Argyll, Scotland; was buried in Iona, Argyllshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1337

Notes:

"[N]amed John at birth, Earl of Carrick and Steward of Scotland prior to his accession, called 'Robert John Fernyear,' legitimated by papal dispensation, declared heir to the Crown by Parliament 27 Mar 1371, dignified and courteous but lame and infirm, considered by the three estates unable to govern or to control transgressors, he delegated power in January 1399 to his son and brother." [The Ancestry of Charles II, King of England (citation details below)]

Robert married Annabella Drummond between 13 Mar 1366 and 31 May 1367. Annabella (daughter of John Drummond and Mary Montfichet) was born about 1350; died in 1401 in Scone, Perthshire, Scotland; was buried in Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 1339
• Alternate death: 2 Sep 1420, Stirling Castle, Stirlingshire, Scotland

Notes:

Earl of Fife and Menteith. Great Chamberlain of Scotland 1383-1407. Created Duke of Albany 28 Apr 1398. Created Earl of Atholl 2 Sep 1403.

"[G]ained the earldom of Fife in 1372, created Duke in 1398, guardian of Scotland during part of the reigns of Robert II and III, governor of the kingdom 1406-20." [The Ancestry of Charles II, citation details below]

Robert married Margaret Graham before 14 May 1363. Margaret (daughter of John Graham and Mary) was born about 1334; died between 20 Jul 1372 and 4 May 1380. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

"[A] lady variously named Jean, Kathrina and Elizabeth, daughter of King Robert II." [The Scots Peerage, citation details below]

Elizabeth married David Lindsay before 1384. David (son of Alexander Lindsay and Catherine Stirling) was born between 1359 and 1360; died in Feb 1407 in Finhaven Castle, Angus, Scotland; was buried in Greyfriars, Dundee, Angus, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

"He married, secondly, before 13 April 1370, Janet Keith or Barclay, widow of Sir David Barclay of Brechin. It was on her account he protested in 1390-91, regarding the earldom of Mar, that one-half of the earldom of Mar and of the lordship of Garioch pertained to his wife in right of heritage. She is therefore the most important link between the ancient and the modern Earls of Mar, and it may be well again to examine on what her claim rests. She is said to have been the daughter of Sir Edward Keith of Sinton and of Christian Menteith, daughter of Sir John Menteith (the second), Lord of Arran, Strathgartney, and Knapdale, by Ellen of Mar, daughter of Gratney, Earl of Mar. There is good evidence of the relationship of Ellen of Mar to Earl Gratney, and of her marriage to Sir John Menteith. There is also evidence that Christian Menteith, wife, first, of Sir Edward Keith, and, secondly, of Sir Robert Erskine, was the daughter of Sir John Menteith and Ellen of Mar. There is very positive proof that Sir Thomas Erskine married Janet, widow of Sir David Barclay (the second) of Brechin. But the proof that her name was Keith or that she was the daughter of Sir Edward Keith and Christian Menteith is very meagre, a fact of which no notice was taken in stating the evidence for the Mar Restitution Bill of 1885. The pedigree compiled in 1709 by Mr. George Erskine, bailie of Alloa, asserts that such was Janet's parentage, and it has been taken for granted that he was right. But there are only two or at most three facts on record which support the statement. The first is the evidence of Andrew Keith of Inverugy, who with Ingram Wintoun of Andat gave evidence in 1447 as to the then Sir Robert Erskine's relationship to the Earls of Mar. He was a man of eighty, born therefore about 1367, and must have known Sir Thomas Erskine's wife. He states that her name was Janet, and that she was the daughter of Sir Edward Keith, but says nothing about her mother. A second fact in favour of Janet Keith's descent is that she and her husband had possession of the lands of Pirchock and Ludquhairn, which had been granted by Sir John Menteith to Christian, his daughter, and Sir Edward Keith. A third fact referred to in the evidence for the Mar Restitution Bill is that an annuity of £100 from the Customs of Aberdeen paid to Sir Thomas Erskine from 1389 to 1403, was after his death paid to his widow as if in her own right, and in the later entries, when the sum was paid to her son after her death, the money is said to be payable in exchange for Arran which had belonged to Sir John Menteith. This was laid much stress on before the House of Lords, but the argument loses force from the fact that the same sum was paid to Sir Robert Erskine for many years before it passed to Sir Thomas, and in Sir Robert's case the payment coincides with his resignation of Ednam, as stated on page 594. It may be, however, that the payments to Dame Janet Barclay were held to relate to Arran. But though the evidence on the point is not strong, the family belief on the subject so constantly and consistently asserted may be accepted as being not only probable, but the simplest and most direct way by which Janet Erskine or her heirs could claim any interest in the earldom of Mar." [The Scots Peerage, citation details below]

Janet married Thomas Erskine before 13 Apr 1370. Thomas (son of Robert Erskine of that Ilk and Beatrice Lindsay) died between 11 Nov 1403 and 18 May 1404. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

2nd Earl of Douglas. Earl of Mar. Killed at the Battle of Otterburn.

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 24 Mar 1420

Family/Spouse: Thomas Belesby. Thomas (son of Thomas Belesby) was born in of Beelsby, Lincolnshire, England; died on 20 Sep 1415. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Hawise married Godfrey Hilton before May 1416. Godfrey (son of Robert de Hilton and Isabel) was born in of Swine, Skirlaugh, Yorkshire, England; died on 5 Aug 1459. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Sheriff of Lincolnshire 1423; Justice of the Peace for Lincolnshire 1442-3. MP for Lincolnshire.

Family/Spouse: (Unknown first wife of Walter Tailboys). [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Walter married Alice Stafford before 1432. Alice (daughter of Humphrey Stafford and Elizabeth Maltravers) died before 24 Apr 1448. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Knight of the shire for Lincolnshire. Sheriff of Lincolnshire 1426. "He was one of those who raided the manors of Lord Cromwell in 1433. In 1448 he was accused of instigating attacks on John Dymnock." [Royal Ancestry, citation details below.]

Family/Spouse: Agnes Cokefield. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 14 Nov 1437

Constance married John Grey before 1410. John (son of Reynold Grey and Margaret de Ros) was born in of Ruthin, Denbighshire, Wales; died on 27 Aug 1429. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Henry married Catherine of Valois, Queen Consort of England on 2 Jul 1420 in Troyes, Aube, Champagne-Ardenne, France. Catherine (daughter of Charles VI, King of France and Isabeau of Bavaria) was born on 27 Oct 1401 in Hotel de St. Pol, Paris, France; died on 3 Jan 1437 in Bermondsey Priory, Surrey, England; was buried in Westminster Abbey, Westminster, Middlesex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

1st Duke of Clarence. Killed at the Battle of Baugé.

Family/Spouse: Margaret Holand. Margaret (daughter of Thomas de Holland and Alice Fitz Alan) died on 31 Dec 1439 in Bermondsey, Surrey, England; was buried in Canterbury Cathedral, Canterbury, Kent, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Elizabeth married William Botreaux before 14 Nov 1411. William (son of William de Botreaux and Elizabeth de St. Loe) was born on 20 Feb 1389 in Walton, Kilmersdon, Somerset, England; died on 16 May 1462; was buried in Cadbury, Somerset, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Marjory, Mariota. "Her widowhood was marked by much litigation." [The Ancestry of Charles II, citation details below]

Family/Spouse: Alexander Lindsay. Alexander (son of David Lindsay and Marjory Ogilvy) died in Sep 1453 in Finhaven Castle, Angus, Scotland; was buried in Greyfriars, Dundee, Angus, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Marjory married Lucas de Striveling about Apr 1433. Lucas was born in of Rathoran, Lorne, Argyll, Scotland; died between 10 Dec 1449 and 13 Apr 1452. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Bef Aug 1420

Notes:

Also called Donald of Ile, Yle, Islay. Lord of the Isles. Earl of Ross.

"As Lord of the Isles he dealt as a sovereign power with England, and was reckoned an ally by both England and France. In right of his wife he claimed the Earldom of Ross. The details of his claim are not known; nor is it known whether, in his expedition in 1411, he was invading Scotland as a foreign enemy, or as claimant to the Earldom. When he set out from Inverness in that year, his force was composed of men of the Isles and of Ross (the latter returned to his obedience); and he was undoubtedly in possession of Dingwall Castle, the chief seat of the Earldom. He was defeated at Harlaw in the Garioch, 24 July 1411, in one of Scotland's bloodiest battles. Donald ?ed; the Regent took possession of Dingwall, and in the following year exacted hostages at Polgylbe (Lochgilp) for the keeping of the peace." [Complete Peerage, citation details below]

Donald married Mary Leslie before 1388. Mary (daughter of Walter Leslie and Eupheme de Ross) died before Jan 1437. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Aft 1377
• Alternate death: Aft 1425
• Alternate death: Aft 1457
• Alternate death: Aft Feb 1462

Notes:

Also called Marion Stewart.

Mary married George Douglas after 24 May 1397. George (son of William de Douglas and Margaret Stewart) was born between 1378 and 1380; died in 1403 in England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Mary married William de Graham before 15 May 1416. William (son of Patrick de Graham and Matilda) was born in of Kincardine, Fife, Scotland; died in 1424. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

"[I]n captivity in England nineteen years, stern, severe but just, strengthened the Crown against the nobility and attempted to reform the Church and to establish the king's law throughout the country, skilled in music and poetry, murdered by rebels who sought to displace his line with that of the descendants of Robert II by his second wife." [The Ancestry of Charles II, King of England (citation details below)]

James married Joan Beaufort on 12 Feb 1424 in St. Mary Overy's, Southwark, Surrey, England. Joan (daughter of John Beaufort and Margaret Holand) died on 15 Jul 1445 in Dunbar, East Lothian, Scotland; was buried in Perth, Perthshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Thomas Boyd. Thomas (son of Robert Boyd and Margaret Giffard) was born about 1370 in of Kilmarnock, Ayrshire, Scotland; died after 16 Jul 1425. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Marcellina Stewart.

Family/Spouse: Duncan Campbell. Duncan (son of Colin Campbell and Mariota Campbell) died in 1453; was buried in Kilmun, Argyll & Bute, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Joan married Robert Stewart after 27 Sep 1397. Robert (son of John Stewart and Isabel of Argyll) died before 1449. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Elizabeth married Robert Erskine after 20 Dec 1400. Robert (son of Thomas Erskine and Janet Keith) died between 7 Sep 1451 and 6 Nov 1452. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

2nd Earl of Crawford.

"[A]s a minor a hostage for the Earl of Douglas 1406-7, called 'dilectus consanguineus' 1407 in a safe-conduct from King Henry IV, knighted at the coronation of James I, 21 May 1424, a hostage in England for the king's ransom 1424-27, ambassador to England January 1430/1, a commissioner of truce 31 Mar 1438." [The Ancestry of Charles II, citation details below]

"[He] was much less prominent in public life than his father. In part this was the result of two spells in captivity, in 1406–7 as a hostage for the fourth earl of Douglas and in 1424–7 as a hostage for James I. In 1407 Henry IV of England granted him a safe conduct for travel to Amiens, an early indication of a long-standing family devotion to St John the Baptist, whose head was venerated there. He received a safe conduct for travel to England in 1416 and again in 1421, when he was one of the commissioners appointed to negotiate the release of James I from English captivity. In December of the same year he arranged a male entail for the Crawford lands. In 1424 he met James at Durham with hostages for the king's release. Although Crawford is said to have been knighted at James's coronation on 21 May 1424, on 25 March he had taken oath as a hostage for the king, his own ransom set at 1000 merks. During this second period of captivity he was imprisoned in the Tower of London, York, and finally Pontefract. Two years after his release in 1427 he endowed a chaplaincy in the parish church of Dundee with an annual grant of 12 merks. He received another safe conduct in January 1430, to meet English envoys at Hawdenstank, and in January 1431 he was again nominated as an ambassador to England. In 1438 he was appointed a commissioner of the Anglo-Scottish truce. Little else is known of Crawford, but he was said to have been active in the capture of James I's assassins. He and his wife Marjory, whose identity is unrecorded, had five sons and two daughters." [Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, citation details below]

Alexander married Marjory before 1410. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: John Colquhoun. John (son of Humphrey Colquhoun) was born in of Luss, Argyll, Scotland; died on 5 Sep 1439. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 1452

Notes:

1st Lord Erskine.

"[K]nighted before 20 Dec. 1400; was taken prisoner at the battle of Homildon, 14 Sep. 1402; was one of the hostages for the ransom of King James in 1424, when his revenue was estimated at 1,000 marks, being set at liberty 19 June 1425. He was made a Lord of Parl., as LORD ERSKINE [S.], in or shortly before I438. Soon after the death (1435) of Alexander, husband of Isabel, suo jure Countess of Mar (to which Alexander and his heirs by her that Earldom had been resigned), Lord Erskine was served h. to the said Countess Isabel, and having had seizin 21 Nov. 1438, assumed the title of EARL OF MAR [S.]." [Complete Peerage, citation details below]

Family/Spouse: (Unknown) Stewart. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Robert married Elizabeth Lindsey after 20 Dec 1400. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

1st of Cavers.

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Godfrey married Margery Willoughby in 1453. Margery (daughter of Hugh Willoughby and Margaret Freville) was born in of Wollaston, Northamptonshire, England; died on 14 Nov 1495. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Richard Pinchbeck. Richard (son of Richard Pinchbeck and Margaret Welby) was born in of Pinchbeck, Lincolnshire, England; died between 4 Nov 1492 and 20 Mar 1496. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 1418
• Alternate birth: Abt 1416-1419, of South Kyme, Lincolnshire, England
• Alternate death: 20 Jul 1464, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Northumberland, England

Notes:

"The identity of William's mother is unknown, but his father married in 1432 Alice, daughter of Sir Humphrey Stafford and widow of Sir Edmund Cheyne, which made him one of the wealthiest men in Lincolnshire, and he was also very active on local commissions." [Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]

Justice of the peace in Lincolnshire and Northumberland, 1441 onwards. Knight of the shire for Lincolnshire 1445. King's esquire. Captain of Alnwick Castle 1462. Styled "Earl of Kyme" upon inheriting the castle and estate of Kyme.

Described in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography article on his father-in-law William Bonville as "one of Suffolk's henchmen," referring to William de la Pole, 1st Duke of Suffolk, beheaded 1450. Described in the first line of his own Oxford Dictionary of National Biography entry as "Tailboys, Sir William (c.1416–1464), landowner and gang leader."

From Foundation: The History of England from its Earliest Beginnings to the Tudors by Peter Ackroyd (New York: Thomas Dunne Books, 2011):

John Paston wrote of one hired gang that 'no poor man dare displease them, for whatsoever they do with their swords they make it law'. He had direct experience of such violent behaviour. In a petition to the archbishop of York he wrote of 'a great multitude of riotous people, to the number of a thousand persons or more' who 'broke, despoiled, and drew down' his manor house at Gresham; they 'drove out my wife and servants there being, and rifled, took, and bore away all the goods and chattels'. The gang then fortified the manor, and kept out Paston himself as well as the king’s Justice of the Peace.

Another gang, commanded by William Tailboys, was under the protection of Suffolk; it will be remembered that Suffolk, with the queen, helped to control the council of the realm. Tailboys and his 'slaughterladdes' were accused of three murders as well as charges of trespass and assault; but Suffolk helped him to escape justice. 'On lordship and friendship', it was said, 'depends all law and profit.' The spirit of misrule prevailed over the land, and the king could do nothing about it.

From Wikipedia:

William Tailboys, de jure 7th Baron Kyme (c. 1415-26 May 1464) was a wealthy Lincolnshire squire and adherent of the Lancastrian cause during the Wars of the Roses.

He was born in Kyme, Lincolnshire the son of Sir Walter Tailboys and his first wife. Sir Walter had inherited considerable estates in Northumberland and Lincolnshire (with the main estate being at Goltho, Lincolnshire), and had been High Sheriff of Lincolnshire in 1423. William gained a reputation as a troublemaker, continually disputing with his neighbours, particularly Lord Cromwell, the ex-Treasurer.

He was Justice of the Peace for Lincolnshire and for Northumberland from 1441 and in 1445 became Knight of the shire for Lincolnshire. However his unruly character led to his temporary imprisonment in the Marshalsea, London in 1448 for a series of murders and trespasses. He was also accused of having attempted to murder Lord Cromwell in the Star Chamber in 1449.

He espoused the Lancastrian cause and was knighted at the Second Battle of St Albans in 1461. He also fought at the Battle of Towton in 1461, escaped and was declared a rebel and had his property confiscated by King Edward IV. He was with Queen Margaret in Scotland in 1461 and was Captain of Alnwick Castle for the restored King Henry VI in 1462.

In 1464 he fought at the Battle of Hexham, where the Lancastrian forces were totally routed, but managed to escape the field. He was later discovered hiding in a coal pit near Newcastle with some 3000 marks (2000 pounds) of Lancastrian funds which had been intended as pay for the army. He was taken to the Sandhills in Newcastle and there beheaded.

From the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography:

Nothing is known of William Tailboys's early life but he may have been 'the young layman by name Tailboys' who was living at Bardney Abbey in 1437 and 'did most foully browbeat and scold' one of the monks there (Virgoe, 462). By 1441 he was one of the king's household retainers, and remained so until at least 1448. His inheritance of his father's lands brought him election as knight of the shire for Lincolnshire in 1445 and appointment to the Northumberland and all three Lincolnshire commissions of the peace. But he rapidly became involved in a series of disputes which led to a great deal of violence. By 1448 he and his followers were accused of involvement in three homicides and many other crimes. Tailboys saw Lord Cromwell of Tattershall Castle as his greatest enemy and John, Viscount Beaumont, and William de la Pole, duke of Suffolk, as his patrons. When writs of exigent were issued against Tailboys and his followers in 1449 Suffolk persuaded the sheriff of Lincolnshire, Mauncer Marmyon, not to execute them, promising Marmyon a pardon -- incidents that formed part of the charges against Suffolk in his impeachment in 1450. Near the beginning of the parliament of November 1449 Tailboys and his band of 'slaughterladdes' assaulted and allegedly tried to kill Lord Cromwell at a meeting of the king's council. The Commons, perhaps inspired by Lord Cromwell, brought an impeachment against Tailboys -- the first for over half a century -- demanding that he, 'named and noysed for a comon murderer, mansleer, riottour and contynuell breker of your peas', be put in the Tower of London, to stay there for twelve months while actions could be brought against him (RotP, 5.200). The king was forced to agree to the main clause and it is clear that this impeachment formed the model for the much more serious impeachment of the duke of Suffolk in January 1450, also perhaps inspired by Lord Cromwell.

[...] Tailboys remained in the Tower for a year and then in the custody of the sheriffs of London for another four years. After the Yorkist victory of St Albans in 1455 Tailboys received a general pardon and was restored briefly to the peace commission in Kesteven. He was certainly much damaged by his years of imprisonment, even though in 1457 Lord Cromwell's executors forgave him much of the £2000 awarded seven years earlier. His activities over the next three years seem to have been equally violent and in the Coventry parliament of 1459 the Commons petitioned that he, then living at Enfield, and other criminals be imprisoned.

As the civil wars grew closer, however, Tailboys's influence in Lincolnshire, where he presumably remained friendly with Viscount Beaumont, became increasingly important to Henry VI. He served loyally on the Lancastrian side during the last four years of his life, being knighted in February 1461 at St Albans, where Lord Bonville, whose daughter, Elizabeth (d. 1491), he had married, was executed. He fought at Towton, defended, then surrendered Alnwick, and finally fought at the battle of Hexham in May 1464. After this battle he was discovered hiding in a coalmine near Newcastle with some 3000 marks intended for the Lancastrian forces. He was executed on 20 July 1464 at Newcastle and buried at the Greyfriars in Newcastle.

Family/Spouse: Elizabeth Bonville. Elizabeth (daughter of William Bonville and Margaret Grey) died on 14 Feb 1491. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Katherine Gibthorpe. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

1st Earl of Kent.

Edmund married Katherine Percy before 1440. Katherine (daughter of Henry Percy and Eleanor Neville) was born on 28 May 1423 in Leconfield, Yorkshire, England; died between 2 May 1493 and 17 Oct 1493. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also Duke of Aquitaine. In 1484 Richard III removed his body from Chertsey to a new shrine at St. George’s Chapel, Windsor.

Henry married Margaret of Anjou, Queen Consort of England on 22 Apr 1445 in Titchfield Abbey, Hampshire, England. Margaret (daughter of René of Anjou and Isabelle of Lorraine) was born on 23 Mar 1430 in France; died on 25 Aug 1482 in Dampierre, Anjou, France; was buried in Angers Cathedral, Anjou, Maine-et-Loire, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married Robert Hungerford about 1420 in Aller, Somerset, England. Robert (son of Walter Hungerford, Speaker of the House of Commons and Catherine Peverell) was born between 1409 and 1413 in of Heytesbury, Wiltshire, England; died on 18 May 1459; was buried in Salisbury Cathedral, Wiltshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Living 22 Sep 1509.

Elizabeth married John Drummond before 1470. John (son of Malcolm Drummond and Mariota Murray) was born about 1446; died before 18 Dec 1519 in Drummond Castle, Perthshire, Scotland; was buried in Innerpeffray, Perthshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Margaret Cunningham. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: John Stewart. John (son of Robert Stewart and Joan Stewart) was born in of Lorne, Argyll, Scotland; died on 20 Dec 1463 in Dunstaffnage, Argyle and Bute, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Sep 1437

Notes:

2nd earl of Angus. He and his wife were 5X-great grandparents of James VI and I (1566-1625).

"He was one of the negotiators for the release of James I [S.] in 1423. Was Ambassador to England, 1430, and Warden of the Middle Marches, 1433. He defeated the English at Piperden, 10 Sep. 1435."[Complete Peerage, citation details below]

CP dates his marriage to about 1425, but The Ancestry of Charles II (citation details below) notes that the prenuptial dispensation for the marriage was dated 6 Jan 1414/15.

William married Margaret Hay about 1414 in Yester Castle, Gifford, East Lothian, Scotland. Margaret (daughter of William Hay and Elizabeth) was born about 1400; died after 22 Apr 1484. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Annabella married George Gordon before 10 Mar 1460, and was divorced on 24 Jul 1471 in Aberdeen, Scotland. George was born before 1442. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Killed at the siege of Roxburgh Castle when one of the large cannons he had imported from Flanders, nicknamed "The Lion," exploded next to him.

"[V]igorous and successful in his personal reign, popular with the people but not with the great nobles, suppressed the Black Douglas." [The Ancestry of Charles II, King of England (citation details below)]

James married Mary of Guelders on 3 Jul 1449 in Holyrood, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. Mary (daughter of Arnold van Egmond and Katherina of Kleve) was born on 17 Jan 1433 in Grave, Brabant, Netherlands; died on 1 Dec 1463 in Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland; was buried in Church of the Holy Trinity, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Alexander Montgomery. Alexander (son of John Montgomery and Agnes of the Isles) was born about 1385; died after 7 Oct 1469. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Joanna Montgomery. Joanna (daughter of John Montgomery and Agnes of the Isles) was buried in Kilmarnock, Ayrshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 1432

Notes:

Also called Gillespic Campbell; Celestin Campbell.

"He is said to have married, first, Elizabeth, daughter of John, third Lord Somerville of Carnwath; and secondly, a daughter of Murdac, Duke of Albany, Regent of Scotland, but there is no proof of this last unless she was a natural daughter." [The Scots Peerage, citation details below]

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

2nd Lord Lorne. He sat in the Scottish parliament as Lord Lorne in 1449, 1452, and 1455. He died at Dunstaffnage Castle of wounds inflicted by Alan M'Coule.

"His murder resulted from his intended marriage to his longtime Maclaren mistress, mother of his son Dugald, who would thereby have been legitimated and made eligible to succeed to the lordship, displacing John's three legitimate daughters, who were all married to Campbells. To prevent this the Campbells hired Alan MacCoull to murder Lord Lorne before the marriage could take place. The wedding party was ambushed on its way from the castle to the Chapel of Dunstaffnage. Lorne was repeatedly stabbed and mortally wounded; the assassins hastened off to occupy the castle. Lorne had himself carried into the chapel and the wedding ceremony was completed; he died an hour later. Dugald's succession was contested by the Campbells. After some years of intermittent warfare a compromise was reached by which Dugald retained only Appin, the northern part of the lord- ship; he was the founder of the Clan Stewart of Appin. -- The above is the traditional account, but it has been argued to be an invention on the ground that John Stewart had entailed Lorne to his brother Walter, who sold it to [his son-in-law Colin Campbell]. However, John held Castle Gloom (now Castle Campbell) and considerable other lands, not entailed, lands, whose inheritance Dugald's legitimacy vel non would affect." [Brice McAdoo Clagett, citation details below]

Family/Spouse: Fingula of the Isles. Fingula (daughter of Donald MacDonald and Mary Leslie) died before 1463. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Robert Erskine. Robert (son of Thomas Erskine and Janet Keith) died between 7 Sep 1451 and 6 Nov 1452. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

2nd Lord Erskine. Knighted before 24 Jan 1441. Sat in the Scottish parliament 14 Oct 1467. Sheriff of Stirling 1483. Sided with James III in the insurrection of 1488.

Thomas married Janet Douglas before 1445. Janet died after Aug 1489. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 27 Jan 1446

Notes:

3rd Earl of Crawford.

"David Lindsay third earl of Crawford (d. 1446), had been knighted by 17 September 1425 and witnessed a royal charter as earl on 1 February 1440. During the minority of James II he was associated politically with the Douglas family and he was among those who ravaged the lands of James Kennedy, bishop of St Andrews, in 1445. As a result he was excommunicated; according to a later source, this did not bother him greatly. He died at Finavon Castle on 17 January 1446, having been mortally wounded while attempting to prevent a battle at Arbroath between Lindsay kinsmen and the Ogilvy family, to which his wife, Marjory, belonged. Friction between the two families had arisen after the earl's son Alexander was replaced as justiciar of Arbroath Abbey by Alexander Ogilvy of Inverquharity. […] He had died excommunicate and was not buried until his erstwhile foe Bishop Kennedy lifted the sentence." [Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, citation details below]

David married Marjory Ogilvy after 26 Feb 1423. Marjory (daughter of Alexander Ogilvy) died after 17 Nov 1478. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

"By tradition the mother of seventeen sons … The arms of Murray impale those of Colquhoun in the church founded by Sir David Murray." [The Ancestry of Charles II, citation details below]

Margaret married David Murray before 1420. David (son of David Murray and Isabel Stewart) was born about 1395 in of Tullibardine, Perthshire, Scotland; died between 21 Jun 1451 and 15 Jun 1452; was buried in Tullibardine, Perthshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Patrick de Graham. Patrick (son of Alexander Graham) died after 24 Jun 1466. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Alexander Stewart. Alexander (son of William Stewart and Elizabeth Stewart) died in 1496. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1455
• Alternate death: Aft 1495
• Alternate death: Aft 1509

Family/Spouse: Richard Thimbleby. Richard (son of Richard Thimbleby) was born in of Holton in le More, Lincolnshire, England; died on 24 Apr 1522. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Anne Greene. Anne (daughter of Thomas Greene and Marine Bellers) died before 1518; was buried in Pinchbeck, Lincolnshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 1451
• Alternate death: 30 Jan 1495

Notes:

MP for Lincolnshire 1472-75, 1478; Sheriff of Lincolnshire 1480-1.

The attainder of his father was reversed in 1472. He was admitted a member of Corpus Christi Guild at Boston, Lincolnshire in 1488.

Ancestor of George Washington:

Sir Robert Talboys = Elizabeth Heron
Sir George Talboys = Elizabeth Gascoigne
Anne Talboys = Sir Edward Dymoke
Frances Dymoke = Sir Thomas Windebank
Mildred Windebank = Robert Reade
Col. George Reade of VA = Elizabeth Martiau
Mildred Reade = Augustine Warner Jr.
Mildred Warner = Lawrence Washington
Augustine Washington = Mary Ball
George Washington = Mrs. Martha Dandridge Custis

Robert married Elizabeth Heron before 1467. Elizabeth (daughter of John Heron and Elizabeth Heron) died before 30 Jan 1495; was buried in Kyme Priory, Lincolnshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: John Ayscough. John (son of William Ayscough and Elizabeth Caythorpe) was born in of Cowling in Bedale, Yorkshire, England; died on 20 Jul 1491. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

2nd Earl of Kent. Constable of Northampton Castle.

George married Anne Woodville after 1482. Anne (daughter of Richard Woodville and Jacquetta of Luxembourg) died on 30 Jul 1489; was buried in Warden Abbey, Bedfordshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: John Grey. John (son of Reynold Grey and Tacine of Somerset) was born in of Wilton, Herefordshire, England; died on 3 Apr 1499; was buried in White Friars, London, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Prince of Wales. Killed at the battle of Tewkesbury, the only heir apparent to the English throne to die in battle.

Edward married Anne Neville, Queen Consort of England in Aug 1470. Anne (daughter of Richard Neville and Anne Beauchamp) was born on 11 Jun 1456 in Warwick Castle, Warwickshire, England; died on 16 Mar 1485 in Westminster, Middlesex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Eleanor married John White before 1456. John (son of Robert White and Alice) was born in of South Warnborough, Hampshire, England; died in 1469. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Abt 1500

Annabel married William Graham on 25 Nov 1479 in Muthill, Perthshire, Scotland. William (son of William Graham and Helen Douglas) was born between 1463 and 1464; died on 9 Sep 1513 in Flodden Field, Northumberland, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 1501

Notes:

From the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (citation details below):

Drummond, Margaret (d. 1502), royal mistress, was the eldest of the six daughters of John Drummond of Cargill, first Lord Drummond (d. 1518), and his wife, Elizabeth Lindsay. James IV may have met Margaret when he visited Drummond Castle on 25 April 1496, and she appears to have succeeded Marion Boyd as James's mistress about this time. Coupled with the growing influence of Archibald Campbell, second earl of Argyll, whose sister Isabel was Drummond's daughter-in-law, Margaret's affair with the king helped in the advancement both of her father, who held the office of justiciar from February 1495 until 1501, and of his kinsman Walter Drummond, dean of Dunblane, who became clerk register in 1497. Official acknowledgement of the relationship came on 3 June 1496, when James installed Margaret in apartments in Stirling Castle; a reference by the Spanish ambassador, Don Pedro de Ayala, to a lady being kept by the king in great state in a castle describes this arrangement.

Margaret Drummond lived at Stirling Castle under the care of its keeper, Sir John Lundy, and of his wife until 30 October 1496, when she was moved to Linlithgow, possibly to give birth to the daughter, also called Margaret, whom she bore the king. The liaison effectively ended in March 1497, when Margaret and her daughter were sent home to Drummond, but although James IV had embarked on his long-running affair with Janet Kennedy in 1498, Margaret received a crown lease for nine years of lands in the earldom of Strathearn, dated 23 January 1498, possibly at the time of her marriage—according to de Ayala she was married off after her return to Drummond, although there is no supporting evidence for this. The king certainly seems to have accepted a measure of responsibility for his erstwhile mistress, as payments to her of £21 and 41s. for her daughter's nurse were made as late as June 1502. When Margaret died, towards the end of 1502, James had their daughter Margaret brought from Drummond Castle to Stirling, where royal children were traditionally brought up, and he paid a quarterly fee until at least 1508 for two priests in Dunblane Cathedral to sing masses for Margaret Drummond.

A number of stories concerning Margaret Drummond's time as royal mistress appear in the eulogistic history of the Drummond family which William Drummond, later first viscount of Strathallan, completed in 1681. He states that the king had known Margaret since 1488 and had desired to marry her, but in 1502 some courtiers, determined to help the king to a far more advantageous marriage, and fearing that his infatuation with Margaret would prevent this, caused her and two of her sisters, with whom she happened to be dining, to be poisoned. There is no contemporary evidence for these stories, and official records attest a much briefer and less dramatic liaison than the exaggerated account presented by William Drummond.

Family/Spouse: James IV, King of Scots. James (son of James III, King of Scots and Margaret of Denmark) was born on 17 Mar 1473 in Holyrood, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland; died on 9 Sep 1513 in Flodden Field, Northumberland, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Living 21 Aug 1514.

Elizabeth married George Douglas between 20 Jul 1485 and 31 Jan 1489. George (son of Archibald Douglas and Elizabeth Boyd) was born about 1469; died on 9 Sep 1513 in Flodden Field, Northumberland, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Elizabeth married Adam Crichton before 25 Jun 1479. Adam (son of James Crichton and Agnes Hepburn) was born about 1458 in of Ruthven, Angus, Scotland; died before 18 Nov 1516. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Colin Campbell. Colin (son of Archibald Campbell) died on 10 May 1493. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

4th Earl of Angus.

George married Isabel Sibbald before 1446. Isabel (daughter of John Sibbald and Joan Livingston) died between 1 Dec 1500 and Feb 1503. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Aft 1471

Notes:

Also Eleanor, Elene, etc.

"In an action pursued by her against her mother-in-law, Christian, Lady Graham, in 1474, the latter successfully pleaded the exception 'again ye said Elene yt scho suld be under sentence of cursing.'" [The Scots Peerage, citation details below]

Helen married William Graham before 1460. William (son of Patrick de Graham and Christian Erskine) was born about 1426; died about 1471. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Mary married James Hamilton between Feb 1474 and Mar 1474. James (son of James Hamilton and Janet Livingstone) was born about 1415; died on 6 Nov 1479. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 31 May 1452, Castle of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, Scotland

Notes:

"[P]ious and a lover of arts and letters, but avaricious and poorly served by his counselors, defeated at Sauchieburn by his rebellious lords under the Earl of Angus and Lord Home and stabbed to death after a fall from his horse." [The Ancestry of Charles II, King of England (citation details below)]

James married Margaret of Denmark on 13 Jul 1469 in Holyrood Abbey, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. Margaret (daughter of Christian I, King of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden and Dorothea of Brandenburg) was born on 23 Jun 1456; died on 14 Jul 1486 in Stirling, Stirlingshire, Scotland; was buried in Cambuskenneth Abbey, Stirlingshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: of Ardrossan, Ayrshire, Scotland

Notes:

"Bailie of Cunningham 31 January 1447/8, which office was resigned by his father in his favor." [The Ancestry of Charles II, citation details below]

Alexander married Elizabeth Hepburn about 1440. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Mariota Maxwell. Mariota died in 1473. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

1st Earl of Argyll. Called "Colin Mule" or "Colin Maol", Bold Earl Colin.

From Wikipedia (accessed 2 May 2021):

In 1453, when his father died, young Colin Campbell was placed in the custody of his uncle, Colin Campbell, 1st of Glenorchy, and succeeded his grandfather, Duncan Campbell, 1st Lord Campbell, to become 2nd Lord Campbell. In 1457, he was created Earl of Argyll by King James II of Scotland, who was grateful for the loyalty of his father during the troubles early in his reign. In 1460, Campbell had a commission as Bailie of Cowal.

His uncle Colin arranged his marriage with Isabella Stewart, daughter and co-heiress of John Stewart, Lord Lorne (d. 1463). Through this marriage, he received Castle Gloom (he would change the name of the castle to "Castle Campbell" in February 1490), and the neighboring estate in the parish of Dollar in Clackmannanshire. Castle Campbell then became the primary seat of the Earls and Dukes of Argyll for the next two centuries.

The exact date of the marriage is unknown, but in 1460, shortly after the boy-king, James III of Scotland, came to the throne, Campbell was called upon to intervene in a feud in his wife's family. Allan MacDougall (called Allan of Lorne of the Wood), desiring to hold the estates belonging to his elder brother, John Ker of Lorne, seized his brother and imprisoned him in a dungeon on the island of Kerrera, with the intention of starving him to death. Campbell appeared with a fleet of war galleys and completely defeated MacDougall, burning his fleet, killing most of his men, and restoring the elder brother to his rightful inheritance.

Colin Campbell was often sent on diplomatic missions, the first in 1463, when King James III sent him to negotiate a truce with King Edward IV of England. One of the main terms was that neither king would support the enemies of the other.

In 1464, Campbell was made master of the King's household. In 1465, he was appointed Lord Justiciary of Scotland, south of the Firth of Forth, a position he held in conjunction with Robert Boyd, 1st Lord Boyd, until Boyd fell out with the King and fled to England later in 1469, at which time, Campbell held the position alone. In 1466, he founded a chapel dedicated to St. Ninian at Dunure in Ayrshire.

As a result of his marriage with Isabel Stewart, Campbell acquired the title Lord Lorne in 1469, which had previously been held by his wife's uncle, John Stewart. In exchange for this title, Campbell gave Stewart other lands, and Stewart received the title Lord Innermeath. Having received the title Lord Lorne, Campbell took the symbol of the galley from the Lorne heraldry as part of his Achievement. In the event that he might never have a male heir, he entailed the lordship of Lorne to his uncle Colin; if his uncle were to die, to his other uncle, Duncan Campbell; then to Colin Campbell of Arduquholm and to the heirs male of his body, which failing, then to his brothers, Archibald and Robert. In 1471, he received the heritable offices of Justiciary and Sheriff of Lorne.

On 15 January 1472, King James III granted Dunoon Castle to Campbell and his heirs, with the power to appoint constables, porters, jailers, watermen, and other necessary offices. At the same time, he granted him the lands of Borland. On 20 February 1473, Campbell was made Justiciar, Chamberlain, Sheriff, and Bailie within the King's lordship of Cowal. Then on 8 May 1474, he received a charter to erect his town of Inverary into a burgh of barony.

In 1474, Campbell was again sent as a commissioner to treat with King Edward IV, regarding breaches of the truce. In the resulting pact, which was to endure until July 1483, a marriage was arranged between Prince James Stewart of Scotland (King James III's son) and Princess Cecily of England (King Edward IV's daughter), a match which did not come to pass due to continued hostilities between the two nations.

In 1475, when King James III was trying to subjugate John of Islay, Earl of Ross, Campbell was given a commission of lieutenancy to execute the forfeiture of the Earl of Ross' lands. In 1479, he was confirmed in the offices of Lieutenant and Commissary of Argyll, which had been held by his ancestors, Gillespic and Colin Campbell, since 1382.

Further favors came to the Earl of Argyll in 1480, when the King granted him 160 marklands of the lordship of Knapdale, including the keeping of Castle Sween, for one silver penny in blench farm, i.e., nominal rent. This property had formerly belonged to the Earl of Ross. Early in 1483, King James III appointed Campbell as Lord High Chancellor of Scotland and awarded him the lands of Pinkerton in the barony of Dunbar, probably for Campbell's loyalty to the King during the rebellion of Archibald Douglas, Earl of Angus, which had led to the murder of some of King's favorites, after the confrontation at Lauder in 1482. These lands had previously been held by the King's brother, Prince Alexander Stewart, Duke of Albany, who was in league with the Earl of Angus.

In 1484, Campbell was active in diplomatic campaigns. In July, he was sent as a commissioner to Paris to renew the "ancient league" between France and Scotland, a mission completed on 9 July. Then on 21 September, once King James III had gotten the upper hand against the rebels, he was part of the delegation who met with King Richard III of England at Nottingham to conclude peace, a treaty which was to run until September 1487. He was also appointed to periodically meet with the English at Berwick to determine whether or not the stipulations in the treaty were being followed. To strengthen the resolve of the parties and to keep the truce, a second marriage was arranged, between Prince James Stewart and Lady Ann de la Pole (1476–1495), daughter of John de la Pole, 2nd Duke of Suffolk, and a niece of King Richard III. This second marriage negotiation collapsed as a result of King Richard's defeat at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485.

Campbell threw in with the rebels, after Parliament had strengthened King James's hand against the rebellious nobles in October 1487. At about this time, the King forced Campbell out of the chancellorship, in favor of William Elphinstone, Bishop of Aberdeen. In 1488, Campbell was not present at the Battle of Sauchieburn on 11 June, or in the days following, because he was in England on an embassy to King Henry VII of England having been sent there on behalf of Prince James Stewart and the rebels to seek English help against King James III.

After Prince James was crowned as James IV, he restored Campbell to the position of High Chancellor. Furthermore, the new king gave him the lands of Rosneath in Dunbartonshire on 9 January 1490, which remained in the Campbell family until 1939. Campbell continued in favor with King James IV, and on 21 December 1491, he was one of the conservators of the truce between England and Scotland, which was extended to 1496. One author has claimed that, one reason James III of Scotland has long had a sinister reputation is that "such accounts as we have of him are written by the partisans of his unruly nobles, such as the Earls of Argyll, Lennox, and Angus".

Colin Campbell, 1st Earl of Argyll, died in 1493, and was buried at Kilmun Parish Church on Cowal Peninsula. He was succeeded by his eldest son, Archibald Campbell.

Family/Spouse: Isabel Stewart. Isabel (daughter of John Stewart and Fingula of the Isles) died on 26 Oct 1510 in Dumbarton, Dunbartonshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Patrick de Graham. Patrick (son of Alexander Graham) died after 24 Jun 1466. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Humphrey Colquhoun. Humphrey (son of John Colquhoun and (Unknown) Boyd) was born in of Luss, Argyll, Scotland; died about 19 Aug 1493. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

3rd Lord Erskine.

Alexander married Christian Crichton before 9 Oct 1466. Christian (daughter of Robert Crichton and Elizabeth) died between Nov 1477 and Mar 1478. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

4th Earl of Crawford. Called "the Tiger" for his character, and "Beardie" for his facial appearance.

"Sheriff of Aberdeen, Guardian of the Marches, in league with the Douglas against James II, but submitted with great ceremony and was restored." [The Ancestry of Charles II, citation details below]

"He had been appointed sheriff of Aberdeenshire by 1450 and as an envoy to England and commissioner of the truce the following year. From 1453 he was also a guardian of the march. Despite his border interests he was also active in the north-east, and probably in the early 1450s entered into a bond with the eighth earl of Douglas and John Macdonald, lord of the Isles. Its terms do not survive, but it was most likely intended to resolve tensions in the region while securing the interests of the subscribers. This alliance of three of the most powerful magnates in the kingdom aroused the suspicion of James II, however, and was the immediate cause of his slaying of Douglas on 22 February 1452. Shortly afterwards, on 18 May, Crawford was defeated by the earl of Huntly at Brechin and fled to Finavon. Although Huntly is said to have 'displayit the kingis banere', the battle may have been as much an extension of a private feud (Huntly had been involved in the hostilities at Arbroath in which Crawford's father was fatally wounded) as a consequence of James's hostility to Crawford. Crawford was forfeited in the parliament which assembled at Edinburgh on 12 June, but he subsequently reconciled his differences with Huntly and his father's foe Bishop Kennedy and, helped by their intercession on his behalf, had been restored to the king's favour by 23 May 1453, when he was made a conservator of a truce with England." [Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, citation details below]

Family/Spouse: Margaret Dunbar. Margaret (daughter of David Dunbar) was born about 1420; died between Jul 1498 and Jan 1500. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Between 21 Oct 1478 and 14 Jun 1479

Notes:

Comptroller of the Exchequer, 1460-69. Sheriff of Dumbartonshire, 1471. Great Chamberlain, 1474. Governor of the castle of Dunbarton from 1477 to his death.

A member of the Scottish parliament in Oct 1466, Oct 1467, 1469, 1471, 1476, and 1478.

“Colquhoun of Luss” says that he was “killed at the siege of Dunbar”, but provides no date. The famous Siege of Dunbar was of course in 1338. The siege referred to here was the first armed conflict in the struggle between James III of Scotland and his brother Alexander Stewart, Duke of Albany, when the king laid siege to Dunbar Castle in, according to the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, April 1479. Volume 4 of Patrick Fraser Tytler’s History of Scotland (1831) agrees on the year, and notes that during the siege, “the cannon mounted on the ramparts of the castle appear to have been well served and pointed—a single ball at one moment striking dead three of the bravest knights in the army, Sir John Colquhoun of Luss, Sir Adam Wallace of Craigie, and Sir James Schaw of Sauchie.”

Family/Spouse: (Unknown) Boyd. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

John married Elizabeth Dunbar before Jul 1463. Elizabeth died before Mar 1494. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Marion Murray.

Mariota married Malcolm Drummond after 14 Jul 1445. Malcolm (son of Walter Drummond and Margaret Ruthven) was born in of Cargill and Stobhall, Perthshire, Scotland; died in 1461. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Murdoch Menteith. Murdoch (son of Robert Menteith and Margaret of Lennox) was born in of Rusky, Stirlingshire, Scotland; died before 1456. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 1472

Notes:

"William, second Lord Graham, sat in Parliament 9 October 1466, and, on 23 November following, had a protection from Edward IV, along with his relative Patrick, Bishop of St. Andrews, and others, for two years, to come to England, and thence to go to France, Flanders, etc., and return to Scotland. It is known that Bishop Graham went to Rome, and remained there for some years, but how far Lord Graham availed himself of the protection is doubtful. He sat in Parliament again on 14 October 1467 and 21 November 1469, and died about the year 1471." [The Scots Peerage, citation details below]

William married Helen Douglas before 1460. Helen (daughter of William Douglas and Margaret Hay) was born about 1436; died after 20 Nov 1486. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Elizabeth married George Campbell before 29 Mar 1466. George (son of George Campbell and Agnes Montgomery) was born about 1440 in of Loudoun, Ayrshire, Scotland; died before 14 Mar 1491. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: John Booth. John (son of William Booth and Elizabeth Ayscough) was born about 1488 in of Middle Soyle in Killingholme, Lincolnshire, England; died before 22 May 1537. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

He was one of the knights and gentlemen who were servitors at the coronation of Anne Boleyn in 1533.

From a post to soc.genealogy.medieval by Don Stone, 8 Oct 1997:

Sir Richard's THIMBLEBY's father was Sir John Thimbleby, 1482-1550, lord of the manor of Irnham. He was a recusant (i.e., one of those who remained loyal to the Roman Catholic Church after the establishment of the Church of England), and in 1536 he led a group of Lincolnshire men in the ill-fated Pilgrimage of Grace, the only substantial resistance to Henry VIII's dissolution of the monasteries. At the Roman Catholic Church of Corby, Lincolnshire, there is a typed manuscript by Brigadier Trappes Lomax entitled "The Owners of Irnham Hall" (this from the bibliography of David I. A. Steel's A Lincolnshire Village: the Parish of Corby Glen in its Historical Context). This manuscript is on my list of things to see when I visit England next summer.

From Edward Stafford, Third Duke of Buckingham, 1478-1521 by Barbara Jean Harris (Stanford University Press, 1986), page 141:

Whatever the early Tudors' feelings about being dependent on private retinues of this sort, they had little choice, given the limited financial resources of their government. As late as 1536, Sir John Thimbleby "assembled all his tenaunts, frendes and servantes together under the colour to do the kinges service," and then employed them in the Pilgrimage of Grace.

From The Letters and Speeches of Oliver Cromwell, With Elucidations by Thomas Carlyle, 1845, chapter III, "Of the Cromwell Kindred":

Richard or Sir Richard Cromwell, great-grandfather of Oliver [the] Protector, was a man well known in his day; had been very active in the work of suppressing monasteries; a righthand man to Thomas the Mauler [Thomas Cromwell, called Malleus Monachoroum, Mauler of Monasteries]: and indeed it was on Monastic Property, chiefly or wholly, that he had made for himself a sumptuous estate in those Fen regions. Now, of this Richard Cromwell there are two Letters to Thomas Cromwell, 'Vicar-General,' Earl of Essex, which remain yet visible among the Manuscripts of the British Museum; in both of which he signs himself with his own hand, 'your most bounden Nephew,' -- an evidence sufficient to set the point at rest. Copies of the Letters are in my possession; but I grudge to inflict them on the reader. One of them, the longer of the two, stands printed, with all or more than all its original misspelling and confused obscurity, in Noble: it is dated 'Stamford,' without day or year; but the context farther dates it as contemporary with the Lincolnshire Rebellion, or Anti-Reformation riot, which was directly followed by the more formidable 'Pilgrimage of Grace' in Yorkshire to the like effect, in the autumn of 1536. Richard, in company with other higher official persons, represents himself as straining every nerve to beat down and extinguish this traitorous fanatic flame, kindled against the King's Majesty and his Reform of the Church; has an eye in particular to a certain Sir John Thymbleby in Lincolnshire, whom he would fain capture as a ringleader; suggests that the use of arms should be prohibited to these treasonous populations, except under conditions; -- and seems hastening on, with almost furious speed; towards Yorkshire and the Pilgrimage of Grace, we may conjecture.

[Carlyle's footnote to the above:] This first letter is in the Harley MSS. (vol. 283, f. 156). It is clearly written in a clerk's hand, and the only "obscurity" about it is that a good many contractions are employed, but they are used quite regularly. From its connexion with other letters of the same period, it must have been written on October 14, 1536. Sir John Thimbleby did not need capturing, as he had "come in" a day or two before.

About the Pilgrimage of Grace:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilgrimage_of_Grace

From Records of the English Province of the Society of Jesus, Vol. V, by Henry Foley, S.J. (London: Buyrns and Oates, 1879), footnote, page 600:

Mr. Peacock in his Yorkshire Catholics, pp. 12, 13, mentions several of this family as recusants (1604). He says of Mr John Thimbleby [Thimelby] of Normanton parish: "This was a member of an old Lincolnshire family. They were originally of Poolham manor, near Horncastle; but subsequently, by the marriage of Richard Thimbleby with Elizabeth, sister and co-heiress of Sir Godfrey Hilton of Irnham, that estate came into the family. They were always Roman Catholics. At the restoration of the old faith under Mary, Mrs. Elizabeth Thimbleby, a nun, lent a cope and a chasuble to the church of Irnham, which were reclaimed by Mr. John Thimbleby on the accession of Elizabeth. The John Thimbleby mentioned in the text was probably the grandson of the above. The male line of the Lincolnshire Thimblebys ended in 1712, on the death of another John Thimbleby of Irnham. His heiress, Mary, had married Thomas Clifford [Gifford] of Chillington, county Stafford. The estate passed out of her descendants' hands by sale a few years ago."

John married Margaret Boys before 1507. Margaret (daughter of John Boys) was born in of Conesby, West Halton, Lincolnshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: John Hardwick. John (son of John Hardwick and Elizabeth Bakewell) was born about 1470 in of Hardwick in Ault Hucknall, Derbyshire, England; died on 22 Feb 1507. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Robert Tyrwhit. Robert (son of William Tyrwhit and Anne Constable) was born about 1482 in of Kettleby, Lincolnshire, England; died on 4 Jul 1548 in Kettleby, Lincolnshire, England; was buried in Wrawby, Kettleby, Lincolnshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

De jure Lord Kyme, styled Earl of Angus. Sheriff of Lincolnshire, 1526. He was knighted at the Battle of Blackheath in 1497. He was judged a lunatic 2 Mar 1517, and his person and lands were taken into custody.

George married Elizabeth Gascoigne before Apr 1493. Elizabeth (daughter of William Gascoigne and Margaret Percy) died in 1559; was buried in Lincoln Cathedral, Lincoln, Lincolnshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Lincolnshire Pedigrees calls her Margaret Ayscough.

Family/Spouse: William Booth. William (son of Henry Booth and Elizabeth Gascaryk) was born in of Middle Soyle in Killingholme, Lincolnshire, England; died on 20 Oct 1509. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: John Gyse. John (son of John Gyse and Anne Berkeley) was born about 1485 in of Elmore and Brockworth, Gloucestershire, England; died on 20 Dec 1556 in Brockworth, Gloucestershire, England; was buried in Elmore, Gloucestershire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Margaret Gainsford. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

She was definitely a daughter of the first earl of Montrose. The will of William Graham, who was killed at the battle of Flodden Field in 1513, acknowledges a debt to the Laird of Luss (i.e. John Colquhoun, father of Humphrey), on account of his daughter's dowry, and also the Laird of Luss younger (i.e. Humphrey).

Burke's Peerage and Burke's Landed Gentry, and thus many online sources, show William Graham's daughters Margaret, Elizabeth, and Helen, in that order, as daughters of William Graham by his second wife Janet Edmondstone.

This cannot be true of Elizabeth. The Complete Peerage 4:470 says that Walter Drummond, grandson of John Drummond and Elizabeth Lindsay, "m., in Feb. 1513/4, his cousin Elizabeth, 2nd da. of William (Graham), 1st Earl of Montrose [S.], by his first wife Annabel, 4th da. of John (Drummond), Lord Drummond abovenamed." It can be seen that if Walter Drummond and his wife Elizabeth were cousins, it would have to be the case that Elizabeth was a daughter of William Graham's first wife, Annabel Drummond.

CP says of Annabel Drummond that "[s]he was living 1492" and that her son William Graham, second earl of Montrose, was "a minor at his father's death", 9 Sep 1513, but "was served heir to him" 24 Oct 1513. The Scots Peerage narrates this latter event in a way that suggests that the younger William was still a minor on 24 Oct 1513: "William […] was under age at the death of his father, but in virtue of the Act of 24 August, was served his heir 24 October, 1513." SP goes on to emphasize and extoll his precocity: "He early displayed qualities of prudence and statesmanship which enabled him, over a long life," [etc.]. CP notes that the younger William "was present in Parl. [S.] 2 Jun 1514" and that he married his only wife, Janet Keith, in Dec 1515. All of which suggests that the second earl attained his majority no earlier than the end of 1513, which means that he has to have been born to Annabel Drummond no earlier than the end of 1492, and given that he could perfectly well have married while still a minor, plausibly as late as 1497 or 1498.

Also, according to SP, William Graham and Annabel Drummond had a second son following William: "Walter, a younger son of the first marriage, who had a tack of Little Cairnie for nineteen years from the Abbot of Inchaffray, 8 January 1541-42, and appears to have been ancestor of the second family of the Grahams of Thornick, afterwards Cairnie." If so, this moves the end of Annabel Drummond's life to no earlier than the end of 1493. And again, given that the first son could easily have been born as late as 1497-98, she was quite possibly still living in 1498-99.

The date of William Graham's marriage to Janet Edmondstone is unknown to us, but the earliest record of them as married is a charter dated 17 Mar 1505. According to CP she died between that date and 15 Apr 1506.

The papal dispensation for Helen Graham's marriage to Humphrey Colquhoun was dated 13 Jul 1509.

If Annabel Drummond died as soon as the records allow, say December 1493, and William Graham married Janet Edmondstone as soon as possible, say the first part of 1494, and Helen Graham was their first child, born say early 1495, then the papal dispensation for her marriage to Humphrey Colquhoun, dated 13 Jul 1509, was issued when she was fourteen. Which is hardly unheard-of among the aristocracy of 15th/16th century Scotland, but also adds up to a pretty tight fit.

Additional to this is the fact that William Graham and Annabel Drummond married in 1479, and yet their eldest son and heir cannot have been born earlier than late 1513. It is implausible that they spent the first dozen years of their marriage having no children. We have seen that daughter Elizabeth has to have been the issue of William and Annabel. Margaret is specified by SP as a daughter of the second marriage. Aside from the fact that this implies, in SP's usual manner of listing offspring, that the other daughters, whose mothers are not noted, were from the first marriage, it also means that Helen, Jean, and Elizabeth are the only known offspring of William Graham whose birth can be used to fill the childbearing years from 1480 to 1492. (The other legitimate child of William Graham, Patrick, is given by SP as his son by his third wife, Christian Wawane.)

Taken together, we think the evidence preponderantly suggests that Helen Graham was a daughter of William Graham's first wife, and probably, as the order of William's children in SP suggests, his eldest daughter.

Helen married Humphrey Colquhoun about 13 Jul 1509. Humphrey (son of John Colquhoun and Elizabeth Stewart) was born in of Luss, Argyll, Scotland; died in Jan 1538. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1490

Archibald married Margaret Tudor on 6 Aug 1514 in Kinnoull, near Perth, Perthshire, Scotland. Margaret (daughter of Henry VII, King of England and lord of Ireland and Elizabeth of York, Queen Consort of England) was born on 28 Nov 1489 in Westminster Palace, Middlesex, England; died on 18 Oct 1541 in Methven Castle, Perthshire, Scotland; was buried in Perth, Perthshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

3rd of Crichton. Note thatg SP (citation details below) identifies the father of Margaret Crichton as "John Crichton of Ruthven", and Brice McAdoo Clagett (citation details below) calls him "lord of Ruthven and jure uxoris baron of Craigs (Crags, Craggis), Co. Forfar (brother of Alexander Crichton, Provost of Dunglass, Lord of Session)."

James married Janet Ogston in 1506. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

2nd Earl of Argyll.

From Wikipedia (accessed 2 May 2021):

He was made Master of the Royal Household of James IV of Scotland on 24 March 1495. After a crisis of law and order in the west of Scotland, Argyll was made governor of Tarbert Castle and Baillie of Knapdale, and this was followed by an appointment as Royal Lieutenant in the former Lordship of the Isles on 22 April 1500. Argyll eventually rose to the position of Lord High Chancellor of Scotland. His "clan" was rivalled only by Clan Gordon.

The Earls of Argyll were hereditary Sheriffs of Lorne and Argyll. However, a draft record of the 1504 Parliament of Scotland records a move to request Argyll to hold his Sherriff Court at Perth, where the King and his council could more easily oversee proceedings, if the Earl was found at fault. The historian Norman Macdougall suggests this clause may have been provoked by Argyll's kinship with Torquil MacLeod and MacLean of Duart. These western chiefs supported the suppressed Lordship of the Isles.

The Earl of Argyll was killed at the Battle of Flodden on 9 September 1513, with the king and many others. He is buried at Kilmun Parish Church.

Family/Spouse: Elizabeth Stewart. Elizabeth (daughter of John Stewart and Margaret Montgomery) was born about 1470; died about 1500. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Earl of Angus.

Archibald married Elizabeth Boyd on 4 Mar 1468. Elizabeth (daughter of Robert Boyd and Mariota Maxwell) died before 21 Feb 1497. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

"Lord Graham sat in the Parliaments of James III in 1479, 1481, 1482 and 1487, and supported the cause of that monarch against his son and the confederated Lords, being present on the royal side at the battle of Sauchieburn, 11 June 1488. He was soon received into favour, and even familiar friendship, by James IV, and sat in this sovereign's first Parliament 6 October 1488, and in the second 6 February 1491-92. His principal acquisitions were the estates of Aberuthven and Inchbrakie in Perthshire. Between 7 July7 and 20 November 1503 he was created EARL OF MONTROSE, and sat as such in Parliament 3 February 1505-6. On 3 March 1504-5 as William, Earl of Montrose, he had had a charter upon his own resignation of the lands of Old Montrose, which lands, the charter bears, belonged hereditarily to him by the grant of Robert I and the confirmation of David II under their Great Seals, to his predecessors, and which James IV now erected into the free barony and earldom of Montrose. Of the same date he had three other charters, viz. a new erection of the barony of Kincardine, of Aberuthven, Inchbrakie, and others united into a barony of Aberuthven, and of Kynnaber in Forfarshire also erected into a barony. The Earl accompanied James IV in his ill-starred invasion of England, and fell at Flodden, 'sub vexillo regis,' along with his brother George of Callendar, and his brother-in-law, Sir William Edmondstone of Duntreath, 9 September 1513." [The Scots Peerage, citation details below.]

Agnes married Walter Forrester before 1489. Walter (son of Duncan Forrester and Margaret Forsythe) was born about 1460 in of Torwood and Garden, Stirlingshire, Scotland; died between 8 Feb 1527 and 27 May 1528. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Living Apr 1531.

Elizabeth married Matthew Stewart between 9 Apr 1494 and 18 Apr 1494. Matthew (son of John Stewart and Margaret Montgomery) was born about 1465; died on 9 Sep 1513 in Flodden Field, Northumberland, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Killed at the battle of Flodden Field. "[B]rave, chivalrous, patron of learning and the Church, he kept the nobles in check but must be held responsible for the disaster at Flodden." [The Ancestry of Charles II, King of England (citation details below)]

Family/Spouse: Margaret Drummond. Margaret (daughter of John Drummond and Elizabeth Lindsay) died in 1502. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

James married Margaret Tudor on 8 Aug 1503 in Holyrood Abbey, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. Margaret (daughter of Henry VII, King of England and lord of Ireland and Elizabeth of York, Queen Consort of England) was born on 28 Nov 1489 in Westminster Palace, Middlesex, England; died on 18 Oct 1541 in Methven Castle, Perthshire, Scotland; was buried in Perth, Perthshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Contrary to The Scots Peerage and other sources, she was not the Margaret Montgomery who was contracted to marry this John Stewart on 15 May 1438. That Margaret Montgomery was this Margaret Montgomery's great-aunt.

Margaret married John Stewart before 20 Jul 1461. John (son of Alan Stewart and Katherine Seton) was born in 1429 in of Darnley, Renfrewshire, Scotland; died between 31 Aug 1495 and 11 Sep 1495. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Elizabeth married Archibald Douglas on 4 Mar 1468. Archibald (son of George Douglas and Isabel Sibbald) was born about 1449; was christened between 29 Nov 1513 and 31 Jan 1514 in Whithorn, Galloway, Scotland; died in Whithorn, Galloway, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 1472

Notes:

"William, second Lord Graham, sat in Parliament 9 October 1466, and, on 23 November following, had a protection from Edward IV, along with his relative Patrick, Bishop of St. Andrews, and others, for two years, to come to England, and thence to go to France, Flanders, etc., and return to Scotland. It is known that Bishop Graham went to Rome, and remained there for some years, but how far Lord Graham availed himself of the protection is doubtful. He sat in Parliament again on 14 October 1467 and 21 November 1469, and died about the year 1471." [The Scots Peerage, citation details below]

William married Helen Douglas before 1460. Helen (daughter of William Douglas and Margaret Hay) was born about 1436; died after 20 Nov 1486. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Member of the Scottish parliament in 1503 and 1525.

From The Chiefs of Colquhoun and Their Country (citation details below):

On the death of King James the Fourth at Flodden, his son and successor, King James the Fifth, being a child of little more than one year old, the Queen Mother, Margaret daughter of King Henry the Seventh of England, was declared Regent of the realm. At the same time John Duke of of Albany was summoned from France to Scotland, and chosen governor and protector of the infant Prince and kingdom, by a Convention of the Estates. During the delay of the arrival of the Duke of Albany, the Earl of Arran assumed the office of Regent. In this assumption he was supported, among others, by John third Earl of Lennox, the Master of Glencairn, and Sir John Colquhoun of Luss, whose wife was the paternal aunt of the Earl of Lennox.

Sir John Colquhoun joined these noblemen in a successful attempt to seize the castle of Dumbarton. During a stormy night in January 1514, they found their way into the castle, and expelled from it Lord Erskine, by whom it was held for the Queen Mother's party; and though the Earl of Arran was frustrated in his usurpation of the regency by the arrival of the Duke of Albany in Scotland, they continued to hold the castle of Dumbarton until it was surrendered by the Earl of Lennox, who, having fallen into the hands of his opponents, and having been imprisoned in the castle of Edinburgh, could obtain his liberation only on condition of his surrendering it.

After the departure of the Duke of Albany for France in 1524, King James the Fifth, who was then only thirteen years of age, was invested with the supreme authority, but the government was in reality in the hands of the Earls of Arran, Lennox, and Morton. A pardon was therefore now easily obtained for Sir John Colquhoun of Luss and others, who had taken part in the capture of the castle of Dumbarton. On the 11th of July 1526, a "respite was granted to Sir John Colquhon of Luce, Knight, Patrick Colquhon, John Logan of Balvey, Walter and Robert his sons, George Buchquhanan of that Ilk," and twenty-nine others, for "their tressonabill asseging, taking, and withhalding of our souerane lordis castle and fortalice of Dumbertene fra his servandis, keparis thairof" On the 16th of July following, a respite "was granted to Glencairn and others."

John married Elizabeth Stewart about 1480. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

4th Lord Erskine. De jure Earl of Mar. Killed at the battle of Flodden Field.

Robert married Isabella Campbell in 1485. Isabella (daughter of George Campbell and (Unknown) Kennedy) was born about 1469; died after 14 Dec 1518. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Living 22 Sep 1509.

Elizabeth married John Drummond before 1470. John (son of Malcolm Drummond and Mariota Murray) was born about 1446; died before 18 Dec 1519 in Drummond Castle, Perthshire, Scotland; was buried in Innerpeffray, Perthshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

He was a member of the Scottish parliament in October 1488, convened by the new king, James IV, largely to obtain aquittals for those involved in the overthrow and killing of his father, James III.

Family/Spouse: Helen Erskine. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: of Stobhall, Perthshire, Scotland
• Alternate death: Abt 4 Aug 1518
• Alternate death: 1519, Drummond Castle, Perthshire, Scotland

Notes:

"Created first Lord Drummond 1487/8, seneschal and coroner of Strathearn, ambassador to England, supported the marriage of the Earl of Angus to Queen Margaret." [The Ancestry of Charles II, citation details below]

From the 1885-1900 Dictionary of National Biography:

He sat in parliament 6 May 1471, under the designation of dominus de Stobhall. On 20 March 1473–4 he had a charter of the offices of seneschal and coroner of the earldom of Strathearn, in which he was confirmed in the succeeding reign. In 1483 he was one of the ambassadors to treat with the English, to whom a safe-conduct was granted 29 Nov. of that year; again, on 6 Aug. 1484, to treat of the marriage of James, prince of Scotland, and Anne de la Pole, niece of Richard III. He was a commissioner for settling border differences nominated by the treaty of Nottingham, 22 Sept. 1484; his safe-conduct into England being dated on the ensuing 29 Nov. He was raised to the peerage by the title of Lord Drummond, 29 Jan. 1487–8. Soon after he joined the party against James III, and sat in the first parliament of James IV, 6 Oct. 1488. In this same year he was appointed a privy councillor and justiciary of Scotland, and was afterwards constable of the castle of Stirling. In 1489 the so-called Earl of Lennox rose in revolt against the king. He had encamped at Gartalunane, on the south bank of the Forth, in the parish of Aberfoyle, but during the darkness of the night of 11 Oct. was surprised and utterly routed by Drummond. As one of the commissioners to redress border and other grievances, Drummond had a safe-conduct into England 22 May 1495, 26 July 1511, 24 Jan. 1512–13, and 20 April 1514. In 1514 Drummond gave great offence to many of the lords by promoting the marriage of his grandson, Archibald Douglas, sixth earl of Angus, with the queen-dowager Margaret. Lyon king-at-arms (Sir William Comyn) was despatched to summon Angus before the council, when Drummond, thinking that he had approached the earl with more boldness than respect, struck him on the breast. In 1515 John, duke of Albany, was chosen regent, but because Drummond did not favour the election he committed him (16 July) a close prisoner to Blackness Castle, upon an allegation that he had used violence towards the herald. He was tried capitally, found guilty, and his estates forfeited. However, he was not long in coming to terms with Albany. With other lords he signed the answer of refusal to Henry VIII, who had advised the removal of Albany, to which his seal is affixed, 4 July 1516, and in October he announced his final separation from the queen's party. He was in consequence released from prison and freed from his forfeiture, 22 Nov. 1516.

John married Elizabeth Lindsay before 1470. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

De jure countess of Lennox.

Elizabeth married John Napier about 26 Mar 1456. John (son of Alexander Napier and Elizabeth Lauder) was born about 1432; died before 31 Dec 1487. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: (Unknown) Kennedy. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Called Eleanor in various visitation pedigrees.

Elizabeth married Edward Hamby between 1531 and 1532. Edward (son of George Hamby and Margaret Cutleer) was born about 1513 in of Great Limber, Lincolnshire, England; died on 29 Jun 1559. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 28 Sep 1590, Irnham, Lincolnshire, England

Notes:

Knight of the shire for Lincolnshire, 1559. Knighted before Nov 1551.

From the History of Parliament:

The pardon roll of 1553 described Thymbleby as 'of Irnham ... late of Lynn Regis, Norfolk,' but he still had a house at Lynn in July of that year, when (presumably as one of Northumberland's adherents) he was first committed to the custody of the knight marshal, and then licensed to return to Lynn, on condition that he kept away from court until Queen Mary's pleasure was known. A convinced protestant, he was classified as 'earnest in religion.' There are few references to him during the last 20 years of his long life, during which he lived as a country gentleman and sheep-farmer.

Family/Spouse: Katherine Tyrwhit. Katherine (daughter of Robert Tyrwhit and Maud Tailboys) was born in of Kettleby, Lincolnshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1487

John married Elizabeth Leeke in 1512. Elizabeth (daughter of Thomas Leeke and Margaret Foxe) died about 1570. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Richard Thimbleby. Richard (son of John Thimbleby and Margaret Boys) was born about 1507 in of Irnham, Lincolnshire, England; died on 25 Sep 1590 in Irnham, Lincolnshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Esquire of the Body; Chamberlain at Berwick-upon-Tweed; Sheriff of Lincolnshire 1540-41; Gentleman of the Privy Chamber; Sheriff of Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire 1557-58; Knight of the shire for Lincolnshire 1545; Knight of the shire for Huntingdonshire 1554 and 1559.

Family/Spouse: Bridget Wiltshire. Bridget (daughter of John Wiltshire and Margaret) died after Jan 1534. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Robert married Elizabeth Oxenbridge between Apr 1538 and 4 Aug 1539. Elizabeth (daughter of Goddard Oxenbridge and Anne Fiennes) died before 28 Apr 1578 in St. John's Lane, Clerkenwell, Middlesex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Anne married Edward Dymoke between 1523 and 1 Apr 1529. Edward (son of Robert Dymoke and Anne Sparrow) was born about 1508 in of Scrivelsby, Horncastle, Lincolnshire, England; died on 16 Sep 1567. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Knight of the shire for Lincolnshire, 1529.

Gilbert married Elizabeth Blount about 1519. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Anne Thimbleby. Anne (daughter of Richard Thimbleby and Elizabeth Hilton) died after 1536. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called William Guise.

William married Mary Rotsey before 1540. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: John Kirton. John (son of William Kirton and Margery Milbourne) was born about 1447 in of Edmonton, Middlesex, England; died between 16 Nov 1529 and 12 Feb 1530; was buried in All Hallows, Edmonton, Middlesex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Lady Aikitt, elder, sheriffdom of Ayr.

"In 1578-79, another of [the Colquhoun] clan, Helen Colquhoun, was accused of the 'treasonable administering of poysoun' to her spouse, William Cunninghame of Aiket; but the fragmentary records give us little information about these trials…" ["Poisoning in Scotland", citation details below]

The will of Helene Colquhoun, Lady Aikitt, elder, sheriffdom of Ayr, was proved in the Edinburgh commissary court on 13 Mar 1596.

The 1877 Colquhoun pedigree ("Colquhoun of Luss", citation details below) shows Helen Colquhoun, daughter of Humphrey, marrying a "James" Cunningham of Aiket; it also gives her mother's name as "Katherine", rather than Helen, a mistake that also appears in many Burke's Pedigrees products. In a pair of posts to soc.genealogy.medieval on 10 Oct 2019, John Brandon points out that the papal dispensation of 1509 clearly identifies Humphrey Colquhoun's wife as Helen. As to whether Humphrey Colquhoun's and Helen Graham's daughter Helen was indeed, the Helen who married Cunningham of Aiket, Brandon points to the marriage of Robert Graham of Knockdolian, who was known to have been involved in dealings with William and Helen (Colquhoun) Cunningham, to Christian Graham, daughter of the second William Graham, 2nd earl of Montrose — further evidence of Graham-Colquhoun prosopographical adjancency.

Helen married William Cunningham before 24 Oct 1564. William was born in of Aiket, Ayrshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married Matthew Stewart on 29 Jun 1544 in St. James Palace, London, England. Matthew (son of John Stewart and Elizabeth Stewart) was born on 21 Sep 1516 in Dunbarton Castle, Dunbartonshire, Scotland; died on 4 Sep 1571 in Stirling Castle, Stirlingshire, Scotland; was buried in Chapel Royal, Stirlingshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married Peter Hay about 1530. Peter (son of Edmund Hay and Janet Boyd) was born in of Megginch, Perth and Kinross, Scotland; died in 1565. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1500

Notes:

Appointed abbot of the Cistercian abbey of Coupar Angus by James V, in whose court his brother Colin Campbell was prominent, Donald Campbell travelled to England, France, and Rome as a Cistercian prelate and diplomat. At the Reformation of 1559-60, he (in the words of The Scots Peerage, citation details below), "put on secular weed" in May 1559. He sat in the Scottish parliament and the Convention of Estates; he was Keeper of the Privy Seal during the reign of Mary, Queen of Scots; and he was a senator of the College of Justice under James V.

"[A] monk of the Cistercian Order; master of arts, probably from St. Salvator's College, Univ. of St. Andrews, where "Donaldus Campbel, nationis albaniae" was admitted 1522; clerk in the Diocese of Lismore by 1525; last Abbot of Coupar Abbey, Co. Angus, 1529- 60; traveled to Rome, England and France as a Cistercian prelate and as a diplomat; one of the visitors of the Scottish universities, 1532; commissary of the chapter-general of the Scottish Cistercian houses; member of the Scots Parliament and Council of State for many years; member of the Privy Council of the Regent Arran; one of the Lords of the Articles; Senator of the College of Justice (Lord of Session); was nominated Bishop of Glasgow, 1548, Bishop of Dunkeld, 1550, and Bishop of Brechin, 1559, but each time failed to receive papal confirmation, apparently because his orthodoxy was suspect; Keeper of the Privy Seal of Scotland, 1552, 1554-62; gave Balgersho, Arthurstone, Keithick, Den-head and Croonan, lands belonging to Coupar Abbey, to his bastard sons; was reputed to be wearing "secular weed," 1559; sat in the Scottish Parliament and the Convention of Estates which established the reformed Church of Scotland, 1560; approved and signed a demand that "he incontinent re-forme his place of Cowper Putting down and birnying oppinlie all Idolis and Imagis and tubernaculis tharin destroying and putting away the altaris And that na mess be thair done heiraftir nowthir privilie nor opinly. And that the super-stitiouse habit of his monkis with their ordour ceremonis and service as you cann it be removit. And that na prayeris be usit in the kirk but in the Inglishe toung And that according to the scriptouris of God" (Scottish Historical Review 21:142) (brother of Colin Campbell, 3d Earl of Argyll (ancestor of the subsequent earls, marquesses and dukes of Argyll, down to the present); Sir John Campbell, jure uxoris of Cawdor, Co. Nairn (ancestor of the Earls Cawdor of Castlemartin, down to the present); Margaret Campbell, Lady Erskine; Isabella Campbell, Countess of Cassilis; Janet Campbell, Countess of Atholl, and Katherine Campbell, wife of Lachlan Cattanach (the Shaggy) Maclean, chief of Clan Maclean; uncle of John Erskine, 6th Lord Erskine, Ist Earl of Mar; Gilbert Kennedy, 3d Earl of Cassilis; John Stewart, 3d Earl of Atholl; Quintin Kennedy, Abbot of Crossraguel; Janet Stewart, Lady Methven, Lady Ruthven; Helen Stewart, Lady Lindsay of the Byres; Elizabeth Campbell, Countess of Moray and Sutherland; John Campbell, Bishop of the Isles; Janet Campbell, Lady Lovat, and Katherine Campbell, Countess of Crawford; great-uncle of Jean Kennedy, Countess of Orkney; Mary Stewart, Countess of Angus; John Stewart, 4th Earl of Atholl, Chancellor of Scotland; Henry Stewart, 2d Lord Methven; Dorothea Stewart, Countess of Gowrie; Eliza-beth Stewart, Countess of Moray; Margaret Stewart, Countess of Erroll; John Gordon, 10th Earl of Sutherland; Patrick Lindsay, 6th Lord Lindsay of the Byres; Hugh Fraser, 5th Lord Fraser of Lovat; James Ogilvy, 5th Lord Ogilvy of Airlie; Margaret Lindsay, Countess of Atholl; John Lindsay, 1st Lord Mennuir, Secretary of State of Scotland, Lord Privy Seal, and Elizabeth Lindsay, Lady Drummond; great-great uncle of Patrick Stewart, 2d Earl of Orkney; John Stewart, Ist Earl of Carrick; Mary Stewart, Lady Gray; Jean Stewart, Lady Lindores, Lady Melville of Raith; James Stewart, 3d Earl of Moray; Margaret Stewart, Countess of Nottingham, Viscountess Monson of Castlemaine; James Erskine, Ist Earl of Buchan; Mary. Erskine, Countess Marischal; Anna Erskine, Countess of Rothes; Margaret Erskine, Countess of Haddington; Elizabeth Stewart, Lady Fraser of Lovat, Countess of Lennox and March, Countess of Arran; Margaret Stewart, Lady Saltoun; Grizel Stewart, Countess of Crawford; Mary Stewart, Countess of Erroll; James Ruthven, 2d Earl of Gowrie; Margaret Ruthven, Countess of Montrose; Sophia Ruthven, Duchess of Lennox and Richmond; Jean Ruthven, Lady Ogilvy of Airlie; Elizabeth Ruthven, Lady Campbell of Loudoun; Sir Donald Campbell, Ist Bart. of Ardnamurchan; Margaret Ogilvy, Countess Marischal; Sir David Lindsay, Ist Lord Lindsay of Balcarres; James Stewart, 2d Earl of Atholl, 7th Lord Innermeath; Margaret Drummond, Lady Elphinstone; James Drummond, 4th Lord Drummond, Ist Earl of Perth; John Drummond, 5th Lord Drummond, 2d Earl of Perth; Lilias Drummond, Countess of Dunfermline, and Jean Drummond, Countess of Roxburghe; great-great-great uncle of Archibald Campbell, 8th Earl and 1st Marquess of Argyll, the Coven-anter, executed 1661; Anne Campbell, Marchioness of Huntly; Annabella Campbell, Countess of Lothian; Jean Campbell, Viscountess Kenmore; James Campbell, Ist Earl of Irvine; Mary Campbell, Lady Rollo; Elizabeth Erskine, Lady Napier; Mary Erskine, Lady Forbes; John Leslie, 7th Earl of Rothes; Mary Leslie, Countess of Eglinton; Margaret Leslie, Countess of Buccleuch and Wemyss; Sir Charles Howard, 3rd Earl of Nottingham, 5th Baron Howard of Effingham; William Keith, 7th Earl Marischal; Sir John Keith, Ist Earl of Kintore; Jean Keith, Lady Pitsligo; Thomas Hamilton, 3d Earl of Haddington; sir James Graham, 5th Earl and 1st Marquess of Montrose, the great commander in chief in Scotland for Charles I and II, Field Marshal of the Empire, executed 1650; Margaret Graham, Lady Napier; Beatrix Graham, Lady Madderty; Sir James Stewart, Ist Lord Ochiltree; George Abernethy, 8th Lord Saltoun; Helen Lindsay, Lady Cranstoun; James Ogilvy, Ist Earl of Airlie; George Ogilvy, Lord Ogilvy de Muirton in the imperial peerage; Alexander Lindsay, 1st Earl of Balcarres; James Stewart, 2d Earl of Atholl, 7th Lord Innermeath; Lilias Elphinstone, Lady Elphinstone; Jean Drummond, Countess of Sutherland; Sir William Drummond, 2d Earl of Roxburghe; Jean Drummond, Countess of Wigtown; Anne Seton, Viscountess Fentoun; Isabel Seton, Countess of Lauderdale; Margaret Seton, Countess of Seaforth, and Sophia Seton, Lady Lindsay of Balcarres." [Brice McAdoo Clagett, citation details below]

Family/Spouse: Margaret. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

George married Elizabeth Drummond between 20 Jul 1485 and 31 Jan 1489. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

She was definitely a daughter of the first earl of Montrose. The will of William Graham, who was killed at the battle of Flodden Field in 1513, acknowledges a debt to the Laird of Luss (i.e. John Colquhoun, father of Humphrey), on account of his daughter's dowry, and also the Laird of Luss younger (i.e. Humphrey).

Burke's Peerage and Burke's Landed Gentry, and thus many online sources, show William Graham's daughters Margaret, Elizabeth, and Helen, in that order, as daughters of William Graham by his second wife Janet Edmondstone.

This cannot be true of Elizabeth. The Complete Peerage 4:470 says that Walter Drummond, grandson of John Drummond and Elizabeth Lindsay, "m., in Feb. 1513/4, his cousin Elizabeth, 2nd da. of William (Graham), 1st Earl of Montrose [S.], by his first wife Annabel, 4th da. of John (Drummond), Lord Drummond abovenamed." It can be seen that if Walter Drummond and his wife Elizabeth were cousins, it would have to be the case that Elizabeth was a daughter of William Graham's first wife, Annabel Drummond.

CP says of Annabel Drummond that "[s]he was living 1492" and that her son William Graham, second earl of Montrose, was "a minor at his father's death", 9 Sep 1513, but "was served heir to him" 24 Oct 1513. The Scots Peerage narrates this latter event in a way that suggests that the younger William was still a minor on 24 Oct 1513: "William […] was under age at the death of his father, but in virtue of the Act of 24 August, was served his heir 24 October, 1513." SP goes on to emphasize and extoll his precocity: "He early displayed qualities of prudence and statesmanship which enabled him, over a long life," [etc.]. CP notes that the younger William "was present in Parl. [S.] 2 Jun 1514" and that he married his only wife, Janet Keith, in Dec 1515. All of which suggests that the second earl attained his majority no earlier than the end of 1513, which means that he has to have been born to Annabel Drummond no earlier than the end of 1492, and given that he could perfectly well have married while still a minor, plausibly as late as 1497 or 1498.

Also, according to SP, William Graham and Annabel Drummond had a second son following William: "Walter, a younger son of the first marriage, who had a tack of Little Cairnie for nineteen years from the Abbot of Inchaffray, 8 January 1541-42, and appears to have been ancestor of the second family of the Grahams of Thornick, afterwards Cairnie." If so, this moves the end of Annabel Drummond's life to no earlier than the end of 1493. And again, given that the first son could easily have been born as late as 1497-98, she was quite possibly still living in 1498-99.

The date of William Graham's marriage to Janet Edmondstone is unknown to us, but the earliest record of them as married is a charter dated 17 Mar 1505. According to CP she died between that date and 15 Apr 1506.

The papal dispensation for Helen Graham's marriage to Humphrey Colquhoun was dated 13 Jul 1509.

If Annabel Drummond died as soon as the records allow, say December 1493, and William Graham married Janet Edmondstone as soon as possible, say the first part of 1494, and Helen Graham was their first child, born say early 1495, then the papal dispensation for her marriage to Humphrey Colquhoun, dated 13 Jul 1509, was issued when she was fourteen. Which is hardly unheard-of among the aristocracy of 15th/16th century Scotland, but also adds up to a pretty tight fit.

Additional to this is the fact that William Graham and Annabel Drummond married in 1479, and yet their eldest son and heir cannot have been born earlier than late 1513. It is implausible that they spent the first dozen years of their marriage having no children. We have seen that daughter Elizabeth has to have been the issue of William and Annabel. Margaret is specified by SP as a daughter of the second marriage. Aside from the fact that this implies, in SP's usual manner of listing offspring, that the other daughters, whose mothers are not noted, were from the first marriage, it also means that Helen, Jean, and Elizabeth are the only known offspring of William Graham whose birth can be used to fill the childbearing years from 1480 to 1492. (The other legitimate child of William Graham, Patrick, is given by SP as his son by his third wife, Christian Wawane.)

Taken together, we think the evidence preponderantly suggests that Helen Graham was a daughter of William Graham's first wife, and probably, as the order of William's children in SP suggests, his eldest daughter.

Helen married Humphrey Colquhoun about 13 Jul 1509. Humphrey (son of John Colquhoun and Elizabeth Stewart) was born in of Luss, Argyll, Scotland; died in Jan 1538. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Knighted before February 1513. Provost of Stirling, 1529-30.

James married Elizabeth Erskine about 1510. Elizabeth (daughter of Robert Erskine and Isabella Campbell) was born about 1492; died before 1 Sep 1532. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

3rd Earl of Lennox.

John married Elizabeth Stewart about 19 Jan 1512. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

"[F]orfeited the Angus Douglas, executed Border reivers, at times went incognito among his people, popular and licentious." [The Ancestry of Charles II, King of England (citation details below)]

James V of Scotland, direct ancestor of TWK, is by far the most recent crowned head to be the direct ancestor of any of this database's root individuals. Through him, TWK is documentably descended from approximately 2500 more minor gentry, two-bit aristocrats, and forgotten royalty than either TNH or JTS, the next two in sheer quantity of known ancestors. Through the wives of James V's grandfather James III and his great-grandfather James II, plus James V's umbilical great-grandmother Jacquetta of Luxembourg, a great number of these TWK ancestors lived in central and eastern Europe. Through James V's mother Margaret Tudor, sister of Henry VIII, TWK is descended from many of the dramatis personae of Shakespeare's history plays and many of the major players in the Wars of the Roses. Finally, through Margaret Tudor's paternal great-grandfather Owen ap Marududd ap Tudur, TWK is descended from dozens if not hundreds of Welsh persons with brain-challenging names like Cynwrig ab Iorwerth ap Gwgon ab Idnerth ab Edryd ab Inethan ab Iasedd ap Carwed ap Marchudd ap Cynan.

James V, King of Scots (1512-1542) = Margaret Erskine
James Stewart, Earl of Moray = Agnes Keith
Elizabeth Stewart (1565-1591) = James Stuart, Earl of Moray
James Stewart, Earl of Moray = Anne Gordon
James Stuart, Earl of Moray = Margaret Home
Mary Stuart = Archibald Campbell, Earl of Argyll (1629-1685)
Archibald Campbell, Duke of Argyll (1658-1703) = Elizabeth Tollemache (1659-1735)
Anne Campbell (1696-1736) = James Stuart, Earl of Bute
John Stuart, Earl of Bute (1713-1792) = Mary Wortley-Montagu (1718-1794)
James Archibald Stuart-Wortley-Mackenzie (1747-1818) = Margaret Cunynghame
Louisa Harcourt Stuart-Wortley-Mackenzie (1781-1848) = George Percy, Duke of Northumberland (1778-1867)
Margaret Percy (1813-1897) = Edward Richard Littleton, Baron Hatherton (1815-1888)
Edward George Percy Littleton, Baron Hatherton (1842-1930) = Charlotte Louisa Rowley (d. 1923)
Edward Charles Rowley Littleton, Baron Hatherton (1868-1944) = HEster Edith Hoskins (d. 1947)
Lilah Cecelia Littleton (b. 1902) = Stewart Sandbach Harrison
Youla Cecilia Harrison (b. 1927) = Leo Claude Vaux Miéville
Claudia Cecilia Vaux Miéville (1949-2007) = [unknown] (d. ~1991)
China Tom Miéville (b. 1972)

James V, King of Scots (1512-1542) = Mary of Guise (d. 1560)
Mary, Queen of Scots (1542-1587) = Henry Stewart, Lord Darnley (1545-1567)
James VI, King of Scots, later James I, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1566-1625) = Anna of Denmark (1574-1619)
Charles I, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1600-1649) = Henrietta Marie de Bourbon (1609-1669)
Charles II, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1630-1685) = Louise Renée de Penancoët de Kéroualle, Duchess of Portland (1649-1734)
Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond (1672-1723) = Anne Brudenell (d. 1722)
Anne Lennox (1703-1789) = William Anne Keppel, 2nd Earl of Albemarle (1702-1754)
George Keppel, 3rd Earl of Albemarle (1724-1772) = Anne Miller (1743-1824)
William Charles Keppel, 4th Earl of Albemarle (1772-1849) = Elizabeth Southwell (1776-1817)
George Thomas Keppel, 6th Earl of Albemarle (1799-1891) = Susan Trotter (1806-1885)
William Coutts Keppel, 7th Earl of Albemarle (1832-1894) = Sophia Mary McNab (1832-1917)
George Keppel (1865-1947) = Alice Frederica Edmonstone (1869-1947) *
Sonia Rosemary Keppel (1900-1986) = Roland Calvert Cubitt (1899-1962)
Rosalind Maud Cubitt (1921-1994) = Bruce Middleton Hope Shand (1917-1946)
Camilla Rosemary Shand (1947- ), = (1) Andrew Henry Parker Bowles (1939- ), = (2) HRH Prince Charles Philip Arthur George (1948- ), now Charles III, King of England


* She is known to have been a mistress of King Edward VII from 1898 forward.

Family/Spouse: Euphemia Elphinstone. Euphemia (daughter of Alexander Elphinstone and Elizabeth Barlow) was born on 11 May 1509; died after 1564. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

James married Madeleine of France on 1 Jan 1537 in Notre-Dame, Paris, France. Madeleine (daughter of François I, King of France) was born in Aug 1520; died on 7 Jul 1537 in Holyrood, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]