Lucy de Mohun

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Aft 19 May 1290

Family/Spouse: John de Grey. John (son of Richard de Grey and Lucy du Hommet) was born in of Codnor, Derbyshire, England; died before 5 Jan 1272. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Bef 18 Sep 1308

Notes:

He was summoned to Parliament from 6 Feb 1299 to 16 Aug 1308, by writs directed Henrico de Grey. He was present at the siege of Caerlaverock in 1300. He signed the barons' letter to Pope Boniface VIII as Dominus de Codnore.

Henry married Eleanor before 1282. Eleanor died before 6 Jun 1301. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Henry married Joan de Somerville before 6 Jun 1301. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Summoned to Parliament from March 1309 by writs directed Ricardo de Grey. Steward of Gascony, 1324; Constable of Nottingham Castle, Dec 1325.

Family/Spouse: Joan Fitz Payn. Joan (daughter of Robert Fitz Payn and Isabel Clifford) died after 10 Mar 1335. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 19 Aug 1369

Joan married William de Harcourt before 1324. William (son of John de Harcourt and Eleanor la Zouche) was born about 1300 in of Stanton Harcourt, Oxfordshire, England; died on 6 Jun 1349. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

John married Alice de Lisle before 20 Oct 1330. Alice (daughter of Warin de Lisle and Alice le Tyeys) died after 1344. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Robert married Elizabeth de Bryan before 16 Oct 1354. Elizabeth (daughter of Guy de Bryan and Joan de Carew) died before 1393. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1335
• Alternate birth: Abt 1343, of Stanton Harcourt, Oxfordshire, England

Notes:

Knight of the shire for Oxfordshire, 1376; Sheriff of Oxfordshire, 1408-9.

Thomas married Maud de Grey before 29 Sep 1373. Maud (daughter of John de Grey and Avice Marmion) was born in of Little Linford, Oxfordshire, England; died in 1391; was buried in Stanton Harcourt, Oxfordshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: William de Everingham. William (son of Adam de Everingham and Joan d'Eiville) was born in of Laxton, Nottinghamshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Richard de Poynings. Richard (son of Michael de Poynings and Joan) was born about 1355; died on 25 May 1387 in Villalpando, Spain. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Walter Cokesey. Walter (son of Walter Cokesey and Isabel de St. Pierre) was born in 1385 in of Great Cokesay, Worcestershire, England; died on 4 Aug 1407. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Knight of the shire for Oxfordshire.

Thomas married Jane Francis about 8 Nov 1406. Jane (daughter of Robert Francis and Isabel Brumpton) was born in 1394; died after 1449. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Joan married Robert Waterton before Aug 1398. Robert (son of Richard Waterton and Juliana) was born in of Methley, Yorkshire, England; died on 17 Jan 1425 in Methley, Yorkshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Joan married Richard Camoys after 10 Jun 1387. Richard (son of Thomas Camoys and Elizabeth Louches) was born in of Camoys in Great Milton, Oxfordshire, England; died between 25 May 1416 and 24 Jun 1416. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Privy Councillor. He was summoned to Parliament by writs from 1404 to 1444.

Robert married Eleanor Grey before 22 Oct 1397. Eleanor (daughter of Reynold Grey and Margaret de Ros) died before 1434. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 1397

Joyce married John Greville before 1427. John (son of William Greville and Mary) died on 30 Sep 1444. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 20 Sep 1410, of Stanton Harcourt, Oxfordshire, England

Notes:

Knight of the shire for Oxfordshire, 1447, 1450-51. Knight of the shire for Berkshire, 1460-61. Sheriff of Warwickshire and Leicestershire, 1444-45. Sheriff of Oxfordshire and Berkshire, 1455-56. Steward of Oxford University.

In 1445, he was one of those sent to France to escort Margaret of Anjou to England.

"His feud with the Staffords began in 1448 by the killing of Richard Stafford at Coventry. He was pardoned for his part in the affair in 1450. In 1457 he was still in favor with the Lancastrian government, but by 1459, he was denounced as a Yorkist. [...] [He] was slain by the adherents of the Staffords of the Lancastrian party 14 Nov. 1470." [Royal Ancestry, citation details below.]

Robert married Margaret Byron before 1441. Margaret (daughter of John Byron and Margaret Booth) died on 25 May 1486; was buried in Stanton Harcourt, Oxfordshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Richard married Edith St. Clair before 1444. Edith (daughter of Thomas St. Clair and Margaret Hoo) was born about 1426; died in 1467. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Thomas Saint Barbe. Thomas (son of Richard Saint Barbe) was born before 1411 in of Ashington, Somerset, England; died on 20 Mar 1483. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Ralph Radmylde. Ralph was born in of Lancing, Sussex, England; died on 3 Aug 1443. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Knight of the shire for Sussex.

Richard married Eleanor Berkeley after 8 Apr 1423. Eleanor (daughter of John Berkeley and Elizabeth Betteshorne) died on 1 Aug 1455. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 1434

Notes:

The pedigree on page 260 of "Miscellaneous Pedigrees" in the Harleian edition of the 1623 Visitation of the County of Gloucester gives the father of Agnes who married Edmund Tame as "Sr Edw. Grevell." That this is a mistake was demonstrated by I. E. Gray in "The Greville-Tame Marriage" (citation details below), in which Gray reports discovering a 1501 business letter from "John Grevyll" that refers to Edmund Tame as his son-in-law.

Family/Spouse: Joan Scote. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: William Moton. William (son of Robert Moton and Elizabeth Mulsho) was born in of Peckleton, Leicestershire, England; died about 13 Feb 1482. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 26 Jun 1484

Notes:

"In 1475 he went to France as a soldier with King Edward IV. In 1483 he was outlawed for his part in Buckingham's rebellion." [Royal Ancestry, citation details below.]

John married Anne Norreys about 1466. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: William Bessiles. William (son of Thomas Bessiles and Clemence Lydyard) was born in of Bessels Leigh, Buckland, Berkshire, England; died between 4 May 1515 and 18 May 1515; was buried in Friars Preachers, Oxford, Oxfordshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Christopher married Joan Stapleton before 1468. Joan (daughter of Miles Stapleton and Katherine de la Pole) died between 18 Apr 1518 and 10 Jun 1519. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Jane Sydenham. Jane (daughter of John Sydenham and Joan Stourton) was born after 1435. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Margaret Rodnell.

Family/Spouse: John Goring. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Eleanor married Henry Percy before 25 Jun 1435. Henry (son of Henry Percy and Eleanor Neville) was born on 25 Jul 1421; died on 29 Mar 1461 in near Towton, Yorkshire, England; was buried in St. Dionis, Yorkshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Edmund Tame. Edmund (son of John Tame and Alice Twynyho) was born in of Fairford, Gloucestershire, England; died in 1534. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Philippa Willoughby. Philippa was born in of Rand, Lancashire, England; died on 6 Jan 1517. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Humphrey Peshale. Humphrey (son of Richard Peshale) was born in of Tean in Checkley, Staffordshire, England; died on 28 May 1498. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Richard Fettiplace. Richard (son of John Fettiplace and Joan Fabian) was born in of East Shefford, Berkshire, England; died between 11 Aug 1510 and 15 May 1511. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Agnes Darell. Agnes (daughter of Thomas Darell and Thomasine Gresley) died after 1508. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also spelled Sayntbarbe, etc.

Family/Spouse: Margery Grey. Margery (daughter of Humphrey Grey and Anne Fielding) died after 1525. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Joan Hewster. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married William Gascoigne before 1469. William (son of William Gascoigne and Joan Neville) was born about 1450 in of Gawthorpe, Yorkshire, England; died on 12 Mar 1487. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married Humphrey Stafford after 10 Feb 1526. Humphrey (son of Humphrey Stafford and Margaret Fogge) was born in of Blatherwycke, Northamptonshire, England; died on 8 May 1548; was buried in Blatherwycke, Northamptonshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married John Cope after 1548. John (son of William Cope and Jane Spencer) was born in of Canons Ashby, Northamptonshire, England; died on 21 Jan 1558. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Elizabeth married John Harington in 1513. John (son of John Harington and Alice Southill) was born before 1499 in of Exton, Rutland, England; died on 25 Aug 1553; was buried on 4 Sep 1553 in Rutland, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 16 Aug 1568

Family/Spouse: Edward Purefoy. Edward (son of Nicholas Purefoy and Alice Denton) was born on 13 Jun 1494 in Etfield, Buckinghamshire, England; died on 1 Jun 1558; was buried in Shalstone, Buckinghamshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Sheriff of Staffordshire 1545-46. Knight of the shire for Staffordshire.

John married Margaret Barantyne before 1523. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Third son of Richard Saint Barbe and Margery Grey. He was a member of Henry VIII's privy council, and one of the witnesses who signed that king's will.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1510, of Homington, Wiltshire, England

Notes:

Second son of Richard Saint Barbe and Margery Grey. He was a merchant based in Salisbury. In 1547 he purchased the manor of Homington, Wiltshire and the vicarage of Compton Chamberlaine from his brother William Saint Barbe, who was a member of Henry VIII's privy council.

Thomas St. Barbe (d. 1563) = Joan (d. 1573)
George St. Barbe = Mary Warburton
Ursula St. Barbe = William Ussher (d. 1671)
Adam Ussher, Archdeacon of Clonfert (1650-1713) = Rebecca Wye (d. 1694)
William Ussher, Archdeacon of Clonfert (1680-1744) = Mary Jenney
Mary Jenney Ussher = Richard Molesworth (d. 1758)
Henrietta Molesworth = John Staples (1736-1820)
Elizabeth Staples = Rev. Hugh Hamilton
Rev. Thomas Hamilton (1826-1905) = Mary Warren (1826-1916)
Florence Augusta Hamilton (1862-1908) = Albert James Lewis (1863-1929)
Clive Staples Lewis (1898-1963)

Making TWK a ninth cousin twice removed to C. S. Lewis.

Family/Spouse: Joan. Joan died after 17 Jan 1573. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Jasper Tyrell. Jasper was born in of Rawreth, Essex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Ninian Markenfield. Ninian (son of Thomas Markenfield and Eleanor Conyers) was born in of Markenfield, Yorkshire, England; died on 25 Mar 1528. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Elizabeth married George Tailboys before Apr 1493. George (son of Robert Tailboys and Elizabeth Heron) was born about 1467; died on 21 Sep 1538; was buried in Bullington, Lincolnshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Or Eleanor.

Family/Spouse: Anthony Cope. Anthony (son of John Cope and Bridget Raleigh) was born in of Adstone, Northamptonshire, England; died between 6 Jun 1558 and 20 Dec 1558. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Ellen married Thomas Barlow before 1568. Thomas was born in of Huncote in Narborough, Leicestershire, England; died after 1571. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

The History of Parliament page for Nicholas Fairfax (1498/99-1571), her third husband (she was his second wife), confirms that she was a daughter of Sir John Harington of Exton, Rutland, and that her first husband Richard Flower died in 1540.

Family/Spouse: Richard Flower. Richard (son of Roger Flower and Dorothy Conyers) was born in of Whitwell, Rutland, England; died in 1540. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Mary married Thomas Dorne alias Thorne on 28 Oct 1540 in Shalstone, Buckinghamshire, England. Thomas (son of William Thorne and Alice Stotesbury) died before 9 Nov 1588 in Yardley Hastings, Northamptonshire, England; was buried on 9 Nov 1588 in Yardley Hastings, Northamptonshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Or Anne.

Agnes married John Knyvet about 1538. John (son of Edmund Knyvet and Jane Bourchier) was born about 1517 in of Ashwellthorpe, Norfolk, England; died before 1556. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Alice Symbarbe.

Alice married Christopher Batt on 8 Jul 1568 in St. Martin's, Salisbury, Wiltshire, England. Christopher (son of John Batt and Margaret Thistlethwaite) was born between 1538 and 1540; died before 31 Aug 1581; was buried on 31 Aug 1581 in St. Martin's, Salisbury, Wiltshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Joan married Edmund Lewknor about 1532. Edmund (son of Roger Lewknor and Anne) was born on 16 Nov 1496 in Tangmere, Sussex, England; died on 11 Mar 1546; was buried on 12 Mar 1546 in Tangmere, Sussex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Alice married Robert Mauleverer before 2 Feb 1525. Robert (son of William Mauleverer and Anne Conyers) was born in of Wothersome, Yorkshire, England; died before 31 Jan 1541 in Bardsey, Yorkshire, England; was buried on 31 Jan 1541 in Bardsey, Yorkshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Anne married Edward Dymoke between 1523 and 1 Apr 1529. Edward (son of Robert Dymoke and Anne Sparrow) was born about 1508 in of Scrivelsby, Horncastle, Lincolnshire, England; died on 16 Sep 1567. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Knight of the shire for Lincolnshire, 1529.

Gilbert married Elizabeth Blount about 1519. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Knight of the shire for Rutland, 1563. Sheriff of Rutland 1565-66, 1569-70, 1577-78.

"The last 50 years of Flower’s life were dogged by financial hardship and, despite the 1564 bishops’ report describing him as an ‘earnest furtherer of religion’, suspicion of recusancy. About 1578 he was removed from the commission of the peace and in 1582 was summoned before the High Commission on suspicion of harbouring the priests Chambers and Campion. His wife, son and daughter-in-law were all Catholics, and by the time of Flower’s death on 30 Apr. 1620, when his son and heir John was aged over 50, litigation and, probably, recusancy fines had consumed most of the property." [History of Parliament]

Family/Spouse: Margery Colley. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Susanna Thorne.

Susanna married Capt. Roger Dudley on 8 Jun 1575 in Lidlington, Bedfordshire, England. Roger died before 29 Oct 1588. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Abigail married Martin Sedley in 1577. Martin (son of Martin Sedley and Elizabeth Mounteney) was born about 1531 in of Morley, Norfolk, England; died about 1609; was buried on 10 Feb 1610 in St. Peter's Chapel, Morley, Norfolk, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Thomas married Joane Byley on 29 Sep 1600 in St. Edmund's, Salisbury, Wiltshire, England. Joane (daughter of Henry Byley and Alice Holmes) died before 24 Dec 1623; was buried on 24 Dec 1623 in St. Edmund's, Salisbury, Wiltshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Elizabeth married Thomas Stoughton on 27 Feb 1553. Thomas (son of Lawrence Stoughton and Anne Combes) was born on 25 Mar 1521 in of Stoke in Stoughton, Surrey, England; died on 26 Mar 1578 in London, England; was buried in St. Clement Danes, Westminster, Middlesex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Dorothy married John Kaye on 21 Jan 1543 in Bardsey, Yorkshire, England. John (son of Arthur Kaye and Beatrice Wentworth) was born about 1528 in of Woodsome, Yorkshire, England; died before 28 Jul 1594 in Almondbury, Yorkshire, England; was buried on 28 Jul 1594 in Almondbury, Yorkshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 1607

Notes:

"Even though Frances Dymoke survived her husband Thomas Windebanck, and died testate around 1612, they must have been divorced or separated 'in some manner' as we have instances of Mary, widow of Edward Hunte, called, or calling herself, the 'wife' of Thomas Windebank, clerk of the Signet, at least between the years 1591-1600. The will of Thomas Windebank, around 1607/8, does not name a wife, and only mentions the known children by Frances." [John C. Brandon, citation details below]

Frances married Thomas Windebank on 19 Aug 1566 in Scrivelsby, Horncastle, Lincolnshire, England. Thomas (son of Richard Windebank and Margaret ferch Griffith) was born about 1550 in of St. Martin in the Fields, London, England; died on 24 Oct 1607; was buried in St. Martin-in-the-Fields, London, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1602
• Alternate birth: 1603
• Alternate death: Aft 28 Feb 1677

Notes:

One of JTS's eleven proven "gateway ancestors."

Audrey married William Almy after 17 Jul 1626 in Lutterworth, Leicestershire, England. William (son of Christopher Almy and (Unknown) Clarke) was born between 1600 and 1601 in of South Kilworth, Leicestershire, England; died between 28 Feb 1677 and 23 Apr 1677 in Portsmouth, Newport, Rhode Island. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Robert Kaye. Robert (son of John Kaye and Dorothy Mauleverer) was born in of Woodsome, Yorkshire, England; died before 5 Dec 1620 in Almondbury, Yorkshire, England; was buried on 5 Dec 1620 in Almondbury, Yorkshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

JMF's one proven "gateway ancestor" (not counting Alexander Magruder, who is very probable), and one of JTS's eleven.

From Wikipedia:

Thomas Dudley was a colonial magistrate who served several terms as governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Dudley was the chief founder of Newtowne, later Cambridge, Massachusetts, and built the town's first home. He provided land and funds to establish the Roxbury Latin School, and signed Harvard College's new charter during his 1650 term as governor. Dudley was a devout Puritan who was opposed to religious views not conforming with his. In this he was more rigid than other early Massachusetts leaders like John Winthrop, but less confrontational than John Endecott.

The son of a military man who died when he was young, Dudley saw military service himself during the French Wars of Religion, and then acquired some legal training before entering the service of his likely kinsman the Earl of Lincoln. Along with other Puritans in Lincoln's circle, Dudley helped organize the establishment of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, sailing with Winthrop in 1630. Although he served only four one-year terms as governor of the colony, he was regularly in other positions of authority.

Dudley's descendants include his daughter Anne Bradstreet (1612–1672), the prominent early American poet, and many famous Americans. One of the gates of Harvard Yard, which existed from 1915 to 1947, was named in his honor, and Harvard's Dudley House is named for the family.

Thomas married Dorothy Yorke on 25 Apr 1603 in Hardingstone, Northamptonshire, England. Dorothy (daughter of Edmund Yorke and Katherine Robins) was born before 14 Jun 1583; was christened on 14 Jun 1583 in Hardingstone, Northamptonshire, England; died on 27 Dec 1643 in Roxbury, Suffolk, Massachusetts. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Thomas married Katherine Deighton on 4 Apr 1644 in Roxbury, Suffolk, Massachusetts. Katherine (daughter of John Deighton and Jane Bassett) was born before 16 Jan 1615; was christened on 16 Jan 1615 in St. Nicholas, Gloucester, Gloucestershire, England; died on 20 Aug 1671. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Muriel married Brampton Gurdon on 8 Jul 1606 in St. Peter's, Morley, Norfolk, England. Brampton (son of John Gurdon and Amy Brampton) was born in 1566 in of Assington, Suffolk, England; died before 2 Apr 1650; was buried on 2 Apr 1650 in Assington, Suffolk, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 10 Aug 1661, Boston, Suffolk, Massachusetts

Notes:

One of TWK's twelve proven "gateway ancestors." He and his family emigrated in 1638 on the Bevis. First at Newbury, then Salisbury, then Boston about 1651.

He was a tanner, then, in Boston, a merchant. Died after being accidentally shot by his son. Ian Watson (citation details below) notes that "the additional detail that the son was 'firing at a mark in his orchard' was reported as early as 1845 by Tristram Coffin and has been repeated many times since, but we are not aware of a reliable contemporary source for it."

Christopher married Anne Baynton on 12 Oct 1629 in St. Edmund's, Salisbury, Wiltshire, England. Anne (daughter of Ferdinando Baynton and Jane Weare alias Browne) was born on 23 Sep 1602; was christened on 30 Dec 1602 in St. Edmund's, Salisbury, Wiltshire, England; died between 14 Mar 1679 and 21 May 1679 in Boston, Suffolk, Massachusetts. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Burgess (M.P.) for Guilford in 1572, 1584, 1586, and 1593.

Lawrence married Rose Ive on 23 Apr 1575. Rose (daughter of Richard Ive and Elizabeth Agmondesham) was born about 1555; died on 1 Nov 1632. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also called Robert Keaye. Justice of the Peace, and Treasurer for Lame Soldiers under Elizabeth I.

Family/Spouse: Anne Flower. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 17 Jun 1624

Notes:

Her funeral monument in St. Barnabas Church, Faccombe, reads:

HERE LYES THE BODY OF ANNE READE, Y^E DEARE WIFE OF HENRY READE ESQ^R: ONE OF Y^E DAUGHTERS OF S^R THO: WINDEBANKE K^T: CLARKE OF THE SIGNET TO THE LATE QUEENE ELIZAB: & TO K: IAMES THAT NOW IS, SHE WAS BEGOTTEN ON Y^E BODY OF FRANCIS DYMMOCKE HIS WIFE, ONE OF Y^E DAUGHTERS OF S^R EDW: DYMMOCKE OF SKEERLSBY IN Y^E COVNTY OF LINCOLNE K^T: CHAMPION TO Y^E SAID QUEENE ELIZA: & HER SVCCESSO^RS BY THE TENVRE OF HIS LANDES

SHE DEBTED THIS WORLD TO REST WITH HER SAVIOR CHRIST Y^E 7^TH DAY OF IVNE 1624 IN Y^E 53 YEARE OF HER AGE & LEFT BEHIND HER ISSVES OF HER BODY LIVING, 2 SONNES FRANCIS & ROBT. & 3 DAV: MARGARET MILDRED & ANN

Note that John Bennett Bodie's transcription of this inscription gives her death date as 7 Jun 1624, whereas John Meredith Reade's transcription says 17 June of the same year. From images posted online, it would appear thatg Bodie is correct.

Anne married Henry Reade on 3 Sep 1592 in St. Martin-in-the-Fields, London, England. Henry (son of Andrew Reade and Alice Cooke) was born in 1566; died on 12 Apr 1647; was buried in Faccombe, Hampshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Secretary of State under Charles I.

"Francis Windebank matriculated on 18 May 1599 from St John's College, Oxford, where William Laud, who by 1608 had become his 'dear friend', may have been his tutor. He graduated BA on 26 January 1602 and entered the Middle Temple on 4 February 1603. In February 1605 he was granted a clerkship of the signet in reversion after Levinus Monck and Francis Gall before leaving on an extended tour through France, Germany, and Italy. On his return to England in February 1608 he took up work in the signet office, now able to write letters in both French and Italian, adding by 1616 a reading knowledge of Spanish. In July 1608 he married Edith Jackson, of obscure origins and, as he later hinted, limited means." [Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, citation details below]

Multiple accounts of his escape to France in 1640 (see below) mention that he was accompanied by his secretary and nephew Robert Reade. This was the Robert Reade who was a brother of Col. George Reade of Virginia, both of them sons of Francis Windebank's sister Mildred by her husband Robert Reade. (See John Meredith Read, "The English Ancestry of Washington," The Atheneum number 3465, 24 Mar 1894.)

From Wikipedia (accessed 8 Nov 2021):

After a few years of continental travel (1605–1608), he settled at Haines Hill at Hurst in Berkshire and was employed for many years in minor public offices, eventually becoming clerk of the council.

In June 1632, he was appointed by King Charles I as Secretary of State in succession to Lord Dorchester, his senior colleague being Sir John Coke, and he was knighted. His appointment was mainly due to his Spanish and Roman Catholic sympathies. The first Earl of Portland, Francis, Lord Cottington, and Windebank formed an inner group in the council, and with their aid the king carried on various secret negotiations, especially with Spain.

In December 1634 Windebank was appointed to discuss with the papal agent Gregorio Panzani the possibility of a union between the Anglican and Roman Churches, and expressed the opinion that the Puritan opposition might be crippled by sending their leaders to the war in the Netherlands.

Windebank's efforts as treasury commissioner in 1635 to shield some of those guilty of corruption led to a breach with Archbishop Laud. In the same year Windebank was one of the promoters of the Courteen association, and the next year he was for a time disgraced for issuing an order for the conveyance of Spanish money to pay the Spanish troops in the Netherlands.

In July 1638 he urged the king to make war with the Scots, and in 1640, when trouble was breaking out in England, he sent an appeal from Queen Henrietta Maria to the pope for money and men. He was elected in March 1640 to the Short Parliament, as member for Oxford University, and he entered the Long Parliament in October as member for Corfe Castle. In December the House learnt that he had signed letters of grace to recusant priests and Jesuits, and summoned him to answer the charge, but the king allowed him to escape to France. From Calais, he wrote to Christopher Hatton, defending his integrity, and affirming his belief that the Church of England was the purest and nearest the primitive Church. He remained in Paris until his death, shortly after he had been received into the Roman communion.

Windebank married and had a large family. William Laud referred in 1630 to his "many sons". He had five at least, and four survived him:

Thomas (born c. 1612), was M.P. for Wootton Bassett and supported the Royalist cause in the English Civil War. He was made a baronet in 1645. He was Clerk of the Signet from 1641 until 1645 and again (after the Interregnum) from 1660 to 1674.

Francis (died 1645) supported the Royalist cause during the English Civil War. He was court-martialled and shot for failing to defend Bletchingdon House, near Oxford.

Christopher (born 1615) was an Englishman who lived in Madrid and worked as guide and interpreter for English ambassadors.

John (1618–1704), a physician who was admitted an honorary fellow of the Royal College of Physicians in 1680 and was buried in Westminster Abbey.

Of Windebank's daughters:

Margaret married Thomas Turner (1591–1672), and was mother of Thomas Turner (1645–1714), president of Corpus Christi, Oxford, and of Francis Turner, bishop of Ely, one of the seven Bishops who, refusing to accept James II's Declaration of Indulgence, were imprisoned in the Tower of London.

Frances married Sir Edward Hales on 12 July 1669.

One other died unmarried at Paris about 1650.

Two others became nuns of the Calvary at the Église Sainte-Marie-des-Anges, Paris.

Francis married Edith Jackson in Jul 1608. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Between 6 Aug 1630 and 31 Dec 1630
• Alternate death: Aft 6 Aug 1630
• Alternate death: Aft 15 Aug 1630

Mildred married Robert Reade on 31 Jul 1600 in St. Martin-in-the-Fields, London, England. Robert (son of Andrew Reade and Alice Cooke) was born about 1568 in of Faccombe, Hampshire, England; died before 20 Mar 1627; was buried on 20 Mar 1627 in Linkenholt, Hampshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 17 May 1709

Notes:

Or Anne.

Annis married John Greene before 1649. John (son of Dr. John Greene and Joan Tattershall) was born before 15 Aug 1620 in Salisbury, Wiltshire, England; was christened on 15 Aug 1620 in St. Thomas, Salisbury, Wiltshire, England; died on 27 Nov 1708 in Warwick, Kent, Rhode Island. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Baptised: 8 Aug 1579, All Hallows', Almondbury, Yorkshire, England´

Grace married Richard Saltonstall on 28 Nov 1609 in Almondbury, Yorkshire, England. Richard (son of Samuel Saltonstall and Anne Ramsden) was born before 4 Apr 1586; was christened on 4 Apr 1586 in Rookes Hall, Highcliffe in Hipperholme, Halifax, Yorkshire, England; died before 25 Oct 1661 in Crayford, Kent, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Sarah married Benjamin Keayne before 1639, and was divorced in 1647. Benjamin (son of Robert Keayne and Anne Mansfield) was born before 14 May 1618; was christened on 14 May 1618 in St. Michael Cornhill, London, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Thomas married Mary Winthrop before 1632. Mary (daughter of John Winthrop, Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony and Mary Forth) was born in 1612; died on 12 Apr 1643. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Better known as Anne Bradstreet, the first published writer in English-speaking North America.

Anne married Simon Bradstreet, Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony before 1630. Simon (son of Rev. Simon Bradstreet and Margaret) was born before 18 Mar 1604; was christened on 18 Mar 1604 in Horbling, Lincolnshire, England; died on 27 Mar 1697 in Salem, Essex, Massachusetts. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Patience married Daniel Denison on 18 Oct 1632 in Cambridge, Middlesex, Massachusetts. Daniel (son of William Denison and Margaret Chandler) was born before 18 Oct 1612; was christened on 18 Oct 1612 in Bishop's Stortford, Hertfordshire, England; died on 20 Sep 1682 in Ipswich, Essex, Massachusetts; was buried on 22 Sep 1682 in Highland Cemetery, Ipswich, Essex, Massachusetts. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Mercy married Rev. John Woodbridge before 1640. John (son of Rev. John Woodbridge and Sarah Parker) was born about 1613; died on 17 Mar 1695 in Newbury, Essex, Massachusetts; was buried on 19 Mar 1695 in Newbury, Essex, Massachusetts. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 22 Apr 1688, Hulme, Lancashire, England
• Alternate death: Bef 25 Apr 1688

Notes:

One of JTS's eleven proven "gateway ancestors."

She went to New England with he husband in 1635, but by 1643 it was evident that colonial life was taking a serious toll on her health. On 10 May 1643 Richard Saltonstall was granted permission to leave the Massachusetts General Court due to her illness. They returned to England late in 1645; he then went immediately back to New England.

"There is no evidence that Muriel Saltonstall was ever in New England again. Henry Newcome saw the Saltonstalls at Hulme in Lancashire on 19 June 1667, and reported that she was very weak. She died in 1688. Newcome preached her funeral sermon at Didsbury. Muriel Saltonstall's dislike of New England apparently extended to a desire that her portrait should not be sent to Massachusetts after her death." [Abandoning America, citation details below.]

Muriel married Maj. Richard Saltonstall on 4 Jul 1633 in All Hallows, Honey Lane, London, England. Richard (son of Richard Saltonstall and Grace Kaye) was born before 1 Oct 1610; was christened on 1 Oct 1610 in All Hallows', Almondbury, Yorkshire, England; died on 29 Apr 1694 in Hulme, Lancaster, England; was buried on 2 May 1694 in St. James', Didsbury, Lancashire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Anne married Edmond Angier on 12 Jun 1657 in Cambridge, Middlesex, Massachusetts. Edmond (son of John Angier and Ann Sherman) was born before 31 Mar 1612; was christened on 31 Mar 1612 in Dedham, Essex, England; died on 4 Mar 1692 in Cambridge, Middlesex, Massachusetts. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Jane married Dr. Peter Toppan on 3 Apr 1661 in Newbury, Essex, Massachusetts. Peter (son of Abraham Toppan and Susanna Taylor) was born in Aug 1633; was christened in Aug 1633 in Great Yarmouth, Norfolk, England; died on 3 Nov 1707 in Newbury, Essex, Massachusetts. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Staughton, or Stoughton, is in Stoke, near Guildford.

Family/Spouse: Agnes Pierce. Agnes (daughter of Robert Pierce) died on 15 Mar 1639. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 1606, Linkenholt, Hampshire, England

Notes:

"A noted Royalist. [...] He was admitted scholar of New College, December 10th, 1624; Fellow, January 15th, 1626; LL.D., 1638; Advocate of Arches Court; Principal of Magdalen Hall, 1643; resigned his Fellowship, September 21st, 1645, and Edward Farmer, of the parish of St. Helen's, Abingdon, was admitted in his place. He had a king's letter in his favour, dated March 31st, 1624; and in 1642 trailed a pike for King Charles in the university, and served his Majesty in the army, but on the decline of the king's cause changed his religion and became a secular priest; esteemed a good scholar and civilian." [John Meredith Read, citation details below]

According to John Bennett Bodie (citation details below), the Linkenholt parish register says he was baptized 18 Oct 1604, earlier than the 1606 birth year given by other sources.

Notes:

He was secretary to his uncle, Sir Francis Windebank, Secretary of State under Charles I, and accompanied him on his escape to Paris in 1640. We do not know the dates of his birth or death, but he is mentioned in the nuncupative will of his brother Dr. Thomas Reade dated 7 Mar 1668.

In a letter from Paris to his cousin Thomas Windebank, 19 Mar 1641, he mentions a trunk that had been left behind in his chamber at Whitehall, and regrets its loss, "for there were many good things in it which I had gathered together, and such as had no relation to the State."

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 25 Oct 1608
• Alternate death: 1671, Virginia

Notes:

"George Reade, born 25 Oct. 1608, son of Robert and Mildred (Windebank) Reade, who had come to Virginia in Sir John Harvey's party upon his return as governor of Virginia, 1637. On 27 Aug. 1640 George Reade was appointed by the King 'to the place of Secretary [of the Colony] in the absence of Richard Kemp who has lately arrived in England.' Reade was clerk of the Council, 1648, burgess for James City, 1649, and for York, 1656, and was appointed to the Council in 1658, holding that office until his death." [Adventurers of Purse and Person, citation details below]

He is a "gateway ancestor" for PNH's sister-in-law, a descendant of Edward III and over five thousand other medieval people. A daughter of Edward III's son John of Gaunt, Joan Beaufort, was married twice; through her second marriage, to Ralph de Neville, George Reade is an 8X-great grandson of Edward III. Through her second marriage, to Robert Ferrers, Reade is a 9X-great grandson of the same king, and also a 9X-great grandson through another of Edward's sons, Lionel of Antwerp.

He and his wife Elizabeth Martiau were great-great grandparents of George Washington:

George Reade = Elizabeth Martiau
Mildred Reade = Col. Augustine Warner
Mildred Warner = Lawrence Washington
Augustine Washington = Mary Ball
George Washington

It has been suggested that George Washington was named George after this particular great-great-grandfather. It does appear that George Reade represents the most recent, and possibly the only, previous instance of a George in Washington's ancestry.

George Reade and Elizabeth Martiau were also ancestors of Queen Elizabeth II:

George Reade = Elizabeth Martiau
Mildred Reade = Col. Augustine Warner
Mary Warner = Col. John Smith
Mildred Smith = Robert Porteous
Robert Porteous = Judith Cockayne
Mildred Porteous = Robert Hodgson
Rev. Robert Hodgson = Mary Tucker
Henrietta Mildred Hodgson = Oswald Smith
Frances Dora Smith = Claude Bowes-Lyon
Claude George Bowes-Lyon = Cecilia Nina Cavendish-Bentinck
Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon = King George VI
Queen Elizabeth II

And of Meriwether Lewis:

George Reade = Elizabeth Martiau
Mildred Reade = Col. Augustine Warner
Elizabeth Warner = Col. John Lewis
Col. Robert Lewis = Jane Meriwether
William Lewis = Lucy Meriwether
Meriwether Lewis

And of General George S. Patton:

Thomas Reade = Lucy Gwynne
Mildred Reade = Philip Rootes
Elizabeth Rootes = Rev. John Thompson
Philip Rootes Thompson = Anna Davenport
Eleanor Thompson = William Thorton
Susanna Thompson Thorton = Andrew Glassell
Susan Thornton Glassell = George Smith Patton
George Smith Patton = Ruth Wilson
General George S. Patton (1885-1945)

George married Elizabeth Martiau about 1641 in Yorktown, York, Virginia. Elizabeth (daughter of Capt. Nicholas Martiau and (Unknown first wife of Nicholas Martieu)) was born in 1625; died between 10 Feb 1686 and 24 Jan 1687 in Virginia; was buried in Grace Episcopal Churchyard, Yorktown, York, Virginia. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Deputy to the Rhode Island legislature in 1704, 1707, 1708, 1714, 1715, and 1719.

Samuel married Mary Gorton on 24 Jan 1695. Mary (daughter of Benjamin Gorton and Sarah Carder) was born on 31 Oct 1673; died in Jan 1732. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

One of JTS's eleven proven "gateway ancestors."

He went to New England with his father in 1630, the first of at least eight Atlantic crossings in his lifetime. He was a man of many interests and offices, both in New England and during England's commonwealth period. Notably, back in New England after the Restoration, Richard Saltonstall donated £50 to support the fugitive regicides William Goffe and Edward Whalley, and he was one of the few people who knew where in New England they were hiding. He was also on several occasions embroiled in political conflict with the Winthrop/Dudley government of colonial Boston.

Richard married Muriel Gurdon on 4 Jul 1633 in All Hallows, Honey Lane, London, England. Muriel (daughter of Brampton Gurdon and Muriel Sedley) was born about 1613; died on 21 Apr 1688 in Hulme, Lancashire, England; was buried on 25 Apr 1688 in St. James' Church, Didsbury, Lancashire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Dorothy married Rev. Seaborn Cotton on 14 Jun 1654 in Andover, Essex, Massachusetts. Seaborn (son of Rev. John Cotton and Sarah Hawkredd) was born on 12 Aug 1633 in At sea; died on 20 Apr 1686 in Hampton, Rockingham, New Hampshire. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Dudley married Anne Wood on 12 Nov 1673 in Andover, Essex, Massachusetts. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

John married Sarah Perkins on 11 Jun 1677 in Topsfield, Essex, Massachusetts. Sarah (daughter of Rev. William Perkins and Elizabeth Wooton) was born on 2 Mar 1657 in Topsfield, Essex, Massachusetts; died in Apr 1745. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Graduated Harvard 1664; began preaching at Killingworth, Connecticut in 1666 and was ordained minister there 7 Apr 1669.

John married Abigail Leete on 26 Oct 1671 in Killingworth, Middlesex, Connecticut. Abigail (daughter of William Leete, Governor of the New Haven Colony; Governor of Connecticut and Anna Payne) was born about 1650; died on 9 Apr 1710 in Simsbury, Hartford, Connecticut. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1645

Notes:

"Rev. Benjamin Woodbridge [...] was invited to preach at Windsor, Ct., by a minority of the church, about the end of the year 1667; ordained over a church formed by the withdrawal of dissatisfied members from the old church, March 18, 1669-70. He remained there, in the midst of many dissensions, until May, 1681. Married, June 3, 1672, Mary, dau. of Rev. John Ward, of Haverhill. She died Oct. 11, 1685. He preached at Bristol, R. I., 1681-6; and at Kittery, Me., in 1688. In 1691 he resided at Portsmouth, N. H., and in 1694 at Newcastle. He was called, in 1698, to Medford, where he was the minister for about ten years. Married second, at Hingham, Aug. 81, 1686, Deborah, widow of Henry Tarlton, and dau. of Daniel Cushing, who survived him. She was born Nov. 18, 1651. He d. at Medford, Jan. 15, 1709-10." ["Genealogy of the Woodbridge Family," citation details below]

Benjamin married Mary Ward on 13 Jun 1672. Mary (daughter of Rev. John Ward and Alice) was born on 24 Jun 1649; died on 11 Oct 1685 in Bristol, Bristol, Rhode Island. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: of Hartford, Hartford, Connecticut

Notes:

Graduatyed Harvard 1675; became minister of the first church in Hartford, 1682; ordained pastor there 18 Nov 1685. His predecessor as pastor was his wife Mehitable Wyllys's previous husband, the Rev. Isaac Foster.

Family/Spouse: Mehitable Wyllys. Mehitable (daughter of Samuel Wyllys and Ruth Haynes) was born about 1658; died on 21 Dec 1698 in Hartford, Hartford, Connecticut. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Nathaniel married Elizabeth Ward on 28 Dec 1663 in Haverhill, Essex, Massachusetts. Elizabeth (daughter of Rev. John Ward and Alice) was born on 1 Apr 1647 in Haverhill, Essex, Massachusetts; died on 29 Apr 1741 in Haverhill, Essex, Massachusetts. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Elizabeth married Jonathan Pierpont on 29 Oct 1691. Jonathan (son of Robert Pierpont) died on 2 Jun 1709 in Reading, Middlesex, Massachusetts. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Samuel married Abigail Wigglesworth on 23 Dec 1700 in Malden, Middlesex, Massachusetts. Abigail (daughter of Rev. Michael Wigglesworth and Martha Mudge) was born on 20 Mar 1681 in Malden, Middlesex, Massachusetts; died on 28 Jan 1771 in Newbury, Essex, Massachusetts. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Rose married Richard Otis about 1651. Richard (son of Stephen Otis and Elizabeth) was born in Glastonbury, Somerset, England; died on 28 Jun 1689 in Dover, Strafford, New Hampshire. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Aft 4 Jan 1694

Mildred married Augustine Warner before 1671. Augustine (son of Col. Augustine Warner and Mary Towneley) was born on 3 Jun 1642 in York County, Virginia; died on 19 Jun 1681. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Capt. Thomas Chisman. Thomas (son of Edmund Chisman and Mary) was born about 1652; died between 25 Jan 1710 and 18 Jul 1715. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 16 Mar 1696, Warwick, Kent, Rhode Island
• Alternate death: 25 Feb 1758

Notes:

From Wikipedia:

Greene was made a freeman of the colony in 1718, and at the age of 32 was elected a deputy from Warwick in 1727, which office he held for five years. He was the clerk of the county court in Providence and speaker of the Rhode Island Assembly in 1734 and 1739. In 1728 he was appointed, along with John Mumford of Newport, to survey the boundary line between the Rhode Island and Connecticut colonies. When Governor John Wanton died in 1740, Richard Ward became the governor, and Greene became the new Deputy Governor, which office he held until his own election to governor in May 1743. This was one of the rare cases when a Rhode Island governor did not come from the island of Aquidneck where the towns of Newport and Portsmouth are located.

One of the important issues of Greene's first term in office concerned the boundary lines of the colony. Several geographic boundaries were adjusted, and the towns of Barrington, Warren and Bristol were added under Bristol county, and the towns of Tiverton and Little Compton were added to the towns on Aquidneck island in Newport County. Another major issue facing the colony was the war against France and Spain, for which the colony was expected to share in the defense of the Crown. When England declared war against France on 31 March 1744, the colony manned forts and reinforced them with guns and ammunition. Commodore Warren, with the aid of Rhode Island forces, laid siege to Louisbourg in Nova Scotia, which surrendered in June, surprising Europeans that the "strongest fortress of North America had capitulated to American farmers, machanics [sic], and fishermen." The colony also had a few war sloops at its disposal along with 15 privateers and was successful in capturing 20 ships and sending them to Newport.

During Greene's third term, the colony had divided into two hostile camps. The leaders of the two divisions were both future governors, Samuel Ward and Stephen Hopkins, with Greene siding with the Ward camp. Some of the divisive issues concerned war versus peace, paper money versus hard currency, and Providence versus Newport interests. Elections went back and forth between the two opposing sides, and amid the discord, Greene died while in office on 23 January 1758.

William married Catherine Greene on 30 Dec 1719. Catherine (daughter of Benjamin Greene and Susanna Holden) was born on 31 Mar 1698 in Warwick, Kent, Rhode Island; died on 28 Nov 1777. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Nathaniel married Elizabeth Ward on 28 Dec 1663 in Haverhill, Essex, Massachusetts. Elizabeth (daughter of Rev. John Ward and Alice) was born on 1 Apr 1647 in Haverhill, Essex, Massachusetts; died on 29 Apr 1741 in Haverhill, Essex, Massachusetts. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

John married Anne Lake on 17 Aug 1686. Anne (daughter of Capt. Thomas Lake and Mary Goodyear) was born on 12 Oct 1663 in Boston, Suffolk, Massachusetts; died on 29 Mar 1737 in Brookline, Norfolk, Massachusetts. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Job Tyler. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Mercy married John Hazen about 1710. John (son of Thomas Hazen and Mary Howlet) was born on 23 Mar 1688 in Boxford, Essex, Massachusetts; died on 24 Feb 1772. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Graduated Harvard 1694; became first minister at West Springfield, Massachusetts in June 1698.

John married Jemima Eliot on 14 Nov 1699. Jemima (daughter of Rev. Joseph Eliot and Sarah Brenton) was born on 14 Nov 1679. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Graduated Harvard 1701. Ordained first minister at East Hartford, 30 Mar 1705.

Samuel married Mabel Russell on 9 Dec 1707. Mabel (daughter of Rev. Daniel Russell and Mehitable Wyllys) was born in 1678; died on 10 May 1730 in New Haven, New Haven, Connecticut. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Elizabeth married Rev. Rowland Cotton in Sep 1692 in z. Rowland (son of Rev. John Cotton and Joanna Rossiter) was born on 27 Dec 1667 in Plymouth, Plymouth Colony; died on 18 Mar 1722 in Sandwich, Barnstable, Massachusetts. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Enoch Sawyer. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 28 Feb 1720, Newbury, Essex, Massachusetts

Notes:

Also spelled Toppan. Graduated Harvard in 1742, taught school in Haverhill, and was ordained and installed as pastor over the Congregational Church in Manchester in December of 1745, a position he held until his death forty-five years later.

Benjamin married Elizabeth Marsh on 5 Oct 1746. Elizabeth (daughter of David Marsh and Mary Moody) was born on 29 Jun 1723 in Haverhill, Essex, Massachusetts; died on 24 Sep 1807 in Manchester, Essex, Massachusetts. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 28 Jun 1689

Notes:

Called in some records Hotesse.

Steven married Mary Pitman on 16 Apr 1674 in Dover, Strafford, New Hampshire. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Bef 26 Mar 1701
• Buried: 26 Mar 1701, Whitehaven, Cumberland, England

Mildred married Lawrence Washington about 1690. Lawrence (son of Col. John Washington and Anne Pope) was born in Sep 1659 in Westmoreland County, Virginia; died between 11 Mar 1698 and 30 Apr 1698. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Anne. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 28 Aug 1727, Warwick, Kent, Rhode Island

Notes:

He was a merchant and a trader. He appears to have been lost at sea returning from a trip to the East Indies.

Samuel married Patience Cooke on 28 Apr 1747. Patience (daughter of Ebenezer Cooke and Patience Gorton) was born on 18 Jan 1728 in East Greenwich, Kent, Rhode Island; died on 9 Jul 1809. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Elizabeth married Rev. Rowland Cotton in Sep 1692 in z. Rowland (son of Rev. John Cotton and Joanna Rossiter) was born on 27 Dec 1667 in Plymouth, Plymouth Colony; died on 18 Mar 1722 in Sandwich, Barnstable, Massachusetts. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: John Spofford, IV. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

From The Hazen Family in America (citation details below):

Nothing has been learned of his marriage or death.

The name of Samuel Hazen is the first of the family to have been found in New Jersey records. In an old volume at Newton appears this record: "At a court of General Sessions of the Peace held at Hardwick, County of Sussex, on the Third Tuesday in February in the year of our Lord one Thousand seven hundred and fifty five and in the Twenty eighth year of his Majesty's Reign--The King vs. Charles McConnell--Indictment for misdemeanor. The attorney general opened the cause and the following Evidences pro Rege--Mary Robins, Jane Robins, Joshua Robins, Saml. Hazen, Thomas Wolverton."

Soon after this date, the names of Thomas and Daniel Hazen appear in the same book of court records, and in 1778 the name of Nathaniel Hazen [son of John]. This corroborates the general tradition among their descendants that three or four brothers came from Connecticut to New Jersey at about the same time. The only known child of Samuel is his son Samuel.

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 10 Sep 1783, South Hadley, Hampshire, Massachuetts

Notes:

He was the minister for which the citizens of South Hadley, Massachusetts built the house called the "Second Parsonage." The story of how this came to be the case is worth recapitulating. According to In Old South Hadley by Sophie E. Eastman (Chicago: Blakely Printing Company, 1912), the first minister sent to officiate at South Hadley, a town that began to have an existence separate from Hadley in the early 1700s, was a Rev. Grindall Rawson, whose stern orthodoxy was very much at variance from the relative liberalism of the average local, because even in the early 18th century, western Massachusetts was notable for its tolerant ways. Among other things, Rawson refused to baptize infants whose parents' marriage was in any way irregular. Over many years the Rev. Rawson's parishioners expressed their dissatisfaction, passing resolutions against him, confiscating the keys to the church, withholding his pay and his firewood.

The rest of the story, from In Old South Hadley:

On February 25, 1740, at a meeting held in South Hadley, it was voted that "It is the desire of this precinct that the Rev. Mr. Rawson be dismissed from and lay down the work of the ministry among us." Mr. Rawson took no notice of this request. On January 12, of the succeeding year, they voted that they would give him neither wood nor salary. Mr. Rawson insisted that until the town should settle its past indebtedness to him he was still legally their pastor and should continue to preach.

A committee had been appointed to keep the keys of the meeting house, it was not to be opened or shut except "According to their prudence." A minister not far away had been locked out by his parishioners, for the manners of the day were rude. Upon this the parson shouldered his axe and broke down the door, then mounting the pulpit in triumph he preached a vigorous sermon. Perhaps the committee people suspected that the present incumbent might be tempted to do the same thing, as indeed he was quite likely to.

Finally, on October 30, 1741, their last shred of patience gave way. A committee of fifteen were ordered, in more explicit language, in case he again attempted to preach, "To put him forth from the meeting house." To this threat, which had been so often repeated, he paid no attention.

The committee met, thirteen of them agreeing that now they would obey instructions, only two dissenting. Some of the elders proposed to delegate their sons to perform the task that had been assigned them.

One Sabbath morning later on, Mr. Rawson appeared in church. When he had ascended the pulpit stairs, one of the deacons rose and solemnly warned him against attempting to officiate. Mr. Rawson's reply was simply to begin reading one of the Imprecatory Psalms, or, as another version of the story has it, commencing a long prayer. A number of men now advanced, and, taking him from the pulpit, either carried or dragged him from the church. Tradition tells us that he continued the prayer or psalm until a handkerchief was placed across his mouth.

This was Mr. Rawson’s last attempt to enter the pulpit. It was expected that he would cause the arrest of the young men who had forcibly removed him from the meeting house, and ten pounds were raised to be used in their defense. He refrained from taking the matter into court, but, none the less, refused to resign his pastorate.

The precinct had previously voted that they would pay him up to November 20, 1740, "but not after that." As he would not accept this overture, they extended the time until May of 1741, when the council had advised a separation. Finding him still obdurate, some peace-loving members of the community gave him their personal bonds for the payment of one hundred pounds if he would resign his pastoral office, which he did, and in 1742 the precinct repaid them.

Many of Mr. Rawson's friends had become so much embittered against the church that they removed to other towns. The discarded minister did not find it easy to secure another settlement. When pastors were engaged for life there were but few empty pulpits; he must wait until a new church was formed and a new building erected in some thinly populated district.

Three years passed and still he remained here. Then the people of Hadlyme, Conn., hired him to preach there for three months. At the expiration of the time they engaged him for three months more on probation. In May, 1745, they invited him to become their minister, taking the Cambridge Platform as the basis of belief.

There had been dissension among the people of Hadley in regard to the new church, but now they all united upon Mr. Rawson, and under his guidance they enjoyed a long season of "satisfaction and rest." At his death, in 1777, the faithful congregation erected a tombstone at their own expense.

After the resignation of their minister, the South Precinct were not long in finding a successor. About two hundred years before this, Rev. John Woodbridge, a clergyman of Wiltshire, England, had named a son after himself and educated him for the ministry. This practice had been continued from generation to generation, until now South Hadley's second minister was the ninth Rev. John Woodbridge in unbroken succession. [...] Unlike his predecessor, he was dignified in bearing, prudent in council, and full of gentleness and sympathy to all who were in sorrow.

Family/Spouse: Rev. Ephraim Little. Ephraim (son of David Little and Elizabeth Southworth) was born in 1707; died in 1787. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Joanna married Rev. John Brown in 1719 in Sandwich, Barnstable, Massachusetts. John (son of Ichabod Brown and Martha Woodbury) was born on 1 Nov 1696 in Cambridge, Middlesex, Massachusetts; died on 2 Dec 1742 in Haverhill, Essex, Massachusetts. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Thomas Parsons. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: 21 Oct 1747, Manchester, Essex, Massachusetts

Notes:

He was a goldsmith and a storekeeper. According to Tappan-Toppan Genealogy (citation details below), he marched with other volunteers from Northampton to meet the forces of Burgoyne at Saratoga.

Benjamin married Sarah Holmes on 22 Oct 1770 in Boston, Suffolk, Massachusetts. Sarah (daughter of William Homes and Rebecca Dawes) was born on 2 Jan 1748 in Boston, Suffolk, Massachusetts; died on 21 Mar 1826 in Northampton, Hampshire, Massachusetts; was buried in Bridge Street Cemetery, Northampton, Hampshire, Massachusetts. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: 7 Jul 1729

Notes:

Rose Otis was her birth name. Captured by the Abenaki in the same 1689 raid on Cochoco, New Hampshire in which her father Steven Otis and grandfather Richard Otis were killed, she was taken to Québec and baptized Françoise. Multiple French records call her François Rozotty. She became a naturalized citizen of New France in 1710.

Her precise identity was long in dispute -- was she a daughter of Richard Otis, and if so, by which of his three wives? Or was she a granddaughter? Two sons of Richard's son Steven, Stephen and Nathaniel, were known to have been taken captive and sent to Quebec, where they married and lived out their lives. (Nathaniel was rebaptized with the name Paul.) Could she have been their sister?

This was finally resolved in 1988 when Sister Annette Potvin, a nun in Alberta, Canada, obtained a copy of the marriage contract between Jean Poitevin and Françoise Rozotty. The document describes her as "françoise Rosotis, daughter of deceased STINODIS and the deceased MARY OTOS, her father and mother, of English birth in the environs of Boston." "Boston" was a common term among Quebecois for most of New England, and "Stinodis" is a very plausibly what a French scribe would write when hearing the name "Steven Otis."

This is all thoroughly documented in Roger W. Lawrence's 1989 "The Identity of Rose Otis" (citation details below), but somehow this information has never managed to make it across the border between Canadian and American genealogical scholarship. Richardson's 2013 Royal Ancestry still lists her as a child of Richard Otis and Rose Stoughton, who were really her grandparents. So does Gary Boyd Roberts's 2018 The Royal Descent of 900 Immigrants.

Rose married Jean Poitevin dit Laviolette on 29 Oct 1696 in Beauport, Québec. Jean (son of Jean Poitevin dit Laviolette and Madeleine Guillaudeau) was born on 14 Sep 1672; was christened on 14 Sep 1672 in Québec City, Québec; died on 3 Feb 1752; was buried on 4 Feb 1752 in Charlesbourg, Québec. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate birth: Abt 1694, Wakefield, Westmoreland, Virginia

Notes:

He was a partner in the Accakeek Fire Furnace.

Augustine married Jane Butler on 20 Apr 1715. Jane was born on 24 Dec 1699; died on 24 Nov 1729. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Augustine married Mary Ball on 6 Mar 1731. Mary (daughter of Col. Joseph Ball and Mary) was born about 1707 in Lancaster County, Virginia; died on 25 Aug 1789 in Fredericksburg, Virginia. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Bef 18 Aug 1735

Family/Spouse: Elizabeth Chapman. Elizabeth (daughter of John Chapman and Elizabeth) was born on 28 Dec 1709; died between 2 Aug 1780 and 17 Jun 1782. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Patience married Welcome Arnold on 11 Feb 1773. Welcome (son of Jonathan Arnold and Abigail Smith) was born on 24 Mar 1745; died on 29 Sep 1798. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Joanna married Rev. John Brown in 1719 in Sandwich, Barnstable, Massachusetts. John (son of Ichabod Brown and Martha Woodbury) was born on 1 Nov 1696 in Cambridge, Middlesex, Massachusetts; died on 2 Dec 1742 in Haverhill, Essex, Massachusetts. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: John Grout, Jr.. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

His wife's name is not known but is said to have been Mary.

From The Hazen Family in America (citation details below):

There is no doubt that he is the Samuel Hazen of Woodbury who sold a dwelling house standing a little west of the Eight-mile Brook, 16 Nov. 1781, but there is no evidence as to how long he had been in Woodbury. He bought six acres at Kettletown, Southbury Parish, in 1787, and sold it 31 May 1790. The census of 1790 gives in the family of Samuel Hazen of Southbury, separated from Woodbury in 1787, four boys under sixteen and three females, one doubtless his wife.

There is a tradition that he was a soldier under Washington in the Revolution, that he spelled his name with two z's, and that he was too lazy to write the two z's and only used one commonly.

He moved from Connecticut to Sussex County, New Jersey, it is said, when his son Ithamar was twelve years old or about 1794.

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Lemuel Dickinson. Lemuel (son of Col. John Dickinson and Mary Coleman) was born in 1753 in Hatfield, Hampshire, Massachusetts; died in 1835 in Denmark, Lewis, New York. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

John Wingate Thornton calls her merely "a dau." of "Rev. J. Brown, of Haverhill" and his wife Joanna Cotton, but he is specific that she was the wife of "Rev. Edw. Brooks of North Yarmouth, Me."

Abigail married Rev. Edward Brooks in Sep 1764. Edward (son of Samuel Brooks and Mary Boutwell) was born on 31 Oct 1733 in Medford, Middlesex, Massachusetts; was christened on 4 Nov 1733; died on 6 May 1781 in Medford, Middlesex, Massachusetts; was buried in Oak Grove Cemetery, Medford, Middlesex, Massachusetts. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Fitzwilliam Sargent. Fitzwilliam (son of Winthrop Sargent and Judith Sanders) was born on 14 Aug 1768 in Gloucester, Essex, Massachusetts; died on 6 Oct 1822 in Newton, Middlesex, Massachusetts. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

"[A]n Ohio judge and Democratic politician who served in the Ohio State Senate and the United States Senate. He was an early settler of the Connecticut Western Reserve in northeastern Ohio and was one of the first settlers in Portage County and the founder of the city of Ravenna, Ohio." [Wikipedia]

"TAPPAN, Benjamin, a Senator from Ohio; born in Northampton, Mass., May 25, 1773; attended the public schools; apprenticed as printer and engraver; traveled to the West Indies; studied painting with Gilbert Stuart; studied law; admitted to the bar in Hartford, Conn., and commenced practice in Ravenna, Ohio, in 1799; member, State senate 1803-1805; moved to Steubenville, Ohio, in 1809 and continued the practice of law; served in the War of 1812; held several local offices; county judge; judge of the fifth Ohio Circuit Court of Common Pleas 1816-1823; presidential elector on the Democratic ticket in 1832; United States district judge of Ohio 1833; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1839, to March 3, 1845; chairman, Committee to Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses (Twenty-seventh and Twenty-eighth Congresses), Committee on the Library (Twenty-seventh Congress); censured by the Senate in 1844 for breach of confidence for passing copies of a proposed treaty with Texas to the press; died in Steubenville, Jefferson County, Ohio, April 20, 1857; interment in Union Cemetery." [Biographical Dictionary of the United States Congress]

An Ohio state historical marker placed in the year 2000 at Ravenna reads: "BENJAMIN TAPPAN, JR. (1773-1857) - The founder of Ravenna Township in 1799, Benjamin Tappan, Jr. led a distinguished life of public service. An aggressive force in local politics, he served in the Ohio Senate from 1803 to 1805, as judge of the fifth court of common pleas from 1816 to 1823, and as a Federal district judge from 1826 to 1833. Tappan served as aid-de-camp to Major General Elijah Wadsworth following the surrender of Detroit in the War of 1812, provisioning and arming local militia units defending the northwest frontier against a possible British invasion."

After his retirement from electoral politics, in 1838 Benjamin Tappan formed a law partnership with Edwin M. Stanton, who would later be Secretary of War throughout the Civil War, under both Lincoln and Johnson. It was Johnson's attempt to fire Stanton that led to his impeachment. Tappan's son Benjamin Stanton, M.D. (1812-1884) married, as his first wife, in May 1838, Oella Stanton, sister of Edwin M. Stanton.

Benjamin married Elizabeth "Betsy" Lord in 1823. Elizabeth (daughter of Abner Lord and Mary Selden) was born on 16 Jul 1784 in Lyme, New London, Connecticut; died on 14 Jun 1840. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

"Arthur Tappan was a New York drygoods merchant, and an abolitionist. He was widely known as a patron of religious and patriotic organizations, endowed Lane Seminary at Cincinnati, a professorship at Auburn Theological Seminary, and built Tappan Hall at Oberlin College, Ohio; he assisted in founding the Journal of Commerce and the Emancipator, and was first president of the Anti-Slavery Society. He aided in sustaining the Liberator, and by paying an enormous fine, freed William Lloyd Garrison from the Baltimore jail. One of the most notable of his benefactions was his paying the tuition of one hundred divinity students for four years at Yale College." [Tappan-Toppan Genealogy, citation details below]

From Wikipedia (accessed 9 May 2021):

In 1826, a year after the Erie Canal was completed, Arthur and his brother Lewis moved to New York City, the new national center of business and retail trade, where they established a silk importing business. With Samuel Morse, in 1827 the brothers founded the New York Journal of Commerce.

Arthur and Lewis Tappan were successful businessmen, but commerce was never their foremost interest. They viewed making money as less important than saving souls. They made the Journal of Commerce a publication free of "immoral advertisements." Arthur Tappan's summer home in New Haven, Connecticut, was destroyed by a mob in 1831 (along with a black hotel and a black home) after his support for a surprisingly unpopular (New Haven Excitement) proposal of a college for African Americans in that city.

Both men suffered in the anti-abolitionist riots of 1834, in which mobs attacked their property. Arthur Tappan was one of two signatories who issued a disclaimer on behalf of the American Anti-Slavery Society, of which he was president, in the aftermath of the riots, emphasising its dedication to abolishing slavery within the existing laws of the United States.

"In the great commercial crisis of 1837 he suffered immense losses; and not long after turned his attention to other and more retired occupations, by which he obtained a comfortable subsistence for his family, and the ability still to contribute, though on a greatly diminished scale, throughout his protracted life." [The Life of Arthur Tappan by Lewis Tappan, 1870, page 405.] Their philanthropic efforts crippled and pledges not met, the Tappans were forced to close their silk-importing business, and almost their paper, but the brothers persevered. In the 1840s, they founded another lucrative business enterprise when they opened the first commercial credit-rating service, the Mercantile Agency, a predecessor of Dun and Bradstreet.

The Tappan brothers made their mark in commerce and in abolitionism. Throughout their careers, the Tappans devoted time and money to philanthropic causes as diverse as temperance, the abolition of slavery, and their support of new colleges in what was then the west of the country: successively, the Oneida Institute, Lane Theological Seminary, the Lane Rebels at Cumminsville, Ohio, and Oberlin Collegiate Institute. Their beliefs about observing Sabbath extended to campaigns against providing stagecoach service and mail deliveries on Sundays.

In 1833, while a principal owner of the Journal of Commerce, Arthur Tappan allied with William Lloyd Garrison and co-founded the American Anti-Slavery Society. Arthur served as its first president, and there was in 1835 a reward of $20,000 (equivalent to $495,677 in 2019) for his capture and delivery to New Orleans.

He resigned in 1840 because of his opposition to the society's new support of women's suffrage and feminism. Their early support for Oberlin College, a center of abolitionist activity, included $10,000 to build Tappan Hall. Oberlin's green Tappan Square now occupies the site.

Continuing their support for abolition, Arthur and his brother founded the American and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society in 1840 and the American Missionary Association in 1846. After the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 was passed, Tappan refused to comply with the new law and donated money to the Underground Railroad. The brothers' positions on the slavery issue were not universally popular. In early July 1834, Lewis Tappan's New York home was sacked by a mob, who threw his furniture into the street and burned it.

The Tappans and the Journal of Commerce attracted bitter criticism for their campaign to free the Africans who had taken over the slave ship Amistad in 1839. James Gordon Bennett, Sr.'s rival New York Morning Herald denounced "the humbug doctrines of the abolitionists and the miserable fanatics who propagate them," particularly Lewis Tappan and the Journal of Commerce.

Arthur Tappan died in 1865, Lewis in 1873. Both men lived long enough to see the Emancipation Proclamation and the 13th Amendment eliminate slavery in the United States, granting freedom to millions of African Americans. Arthur is buried in the Grove Street Cemetery, New Haven.

Arthur married Frances Antill on 18 Sep 1810. Frances was born on 4 May 1785 in Montréal, Québec; died on 21 Jul 1863 in New Haven, New Haven, Connecticut; was buried in Grove Street Cemetery, New Haven, New Haven, Connecticut. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Buried at Green-Wood, section E, lot 19728.

"He was a drygoods merchant in New York City, a philanthropist and anti-slavery advocate, the partner in business of his brother, Arthur Tappan. He was a leading founder of the American Missionary Association." [Tappan-Toppan Genealogy, citation details below]

His many books and tracts include Address to the Non-Slaveholders of the South: On the Social and Political Evils of Slavery (1843); The Fugitive Slave Bill: Its History and Unconstitutionality (1850); American Slavery (1852); The War: Its Causes and Remedy (1861); Is It Right To Be Rich? (1869); and The Life of Arthur Tappan (1870).

From Wikipedia (accessed 9 May 2021):

Lewis Tappan [...] was a New York abolitionist who worked to achieve freedom for the enslaved Africans aboard the Amistad. Tappan was also among the founders of the American Missionary Association in 1846, which began more than 100 anti-slavery Congregational churches throughout the Midwest, and after the American Civil War, founded numerous schools and colleges to aid in the education of freedmen.

Contacted by Connecticut abolitionists soon after the Amistad arrived in port, Tappan focused extensively on the captive Africans. He ensured the acquisition of high-quality lawyers for the captives, which led to their being set free after the case went to the United States Supreme Court. With his brother Arthur, Tappan not only gained legal help and acquittal for the Africans, but also managed to increase public support and fundraising. Finally, he organized the return trip home to Africa for surviving members of the group.

Lewis Tappan was the brother of Senator Benjamin Tappan and abolitionist Arthur Tappan. His middle-class parents were strict Congregationalists. Once Lewis was old enough to work, he helped his father in a dry goods store. On his sixteenth birthday, he ventured into other areas of commerce, and ultimately started The Mercantile Agency in 1841 in New York City. The Mercantile Agency was the precursor to Dun & Bradstreet (D&B) and modern credit-reporting services. (D&B is still in existence today.)

Convinced by Arthur to read a biography of William Wilberforce, who led the cause for abolition in Great Britain, Tappan started his quest for abolition in the United States. [...]

Despite his Congregationalist upbringing, Lewis Tappan became attracted to Unitarianism for intellectual and social reasons. William Ellery Channing, a Unitarian minister, became Tappan's pastor. As a peace advocate, Channing played an influential role in Tappan's decision to join the Massachusetts Peace Society. In 1827 his brother Arthur convinced him to return to a Trinitarian denomination. Tappan joined Arthur in the Congregational church. Lewis Tappan initially supported the American Colonization Society (ACS), which promoted sending freed blacks from the United States to Africa, based on the assumption that this was their homeland, regardless of where they were born.

Frustrated by the slow progress of the ACS, Tappan and a sizable nucleus of men, including his brother Arthur, Theodore Dwight Weld, Gerrit Smith, Amos A. Phelps, and James Gillespie Birney, left the ACS to join what was to become known as the "immediatist" camp, who wanted to end slavery in the United States. Weld gained considerable influence following the move of the Tappan brothers to this group. In December 1833, at Philadelphia, Lewis Tappan joined activists such as William Lloyd Garrison to form the American Anti-Slavery Society.

The departure of the Tappans from the ACS is partially explained by the death of an African whom they repatriated. Captured in Africa and enslaved in Mississippi, Abdulrahman Ibrahim Ibn Sori was a Fulani prince. He would have had potentially lucrative trade contacts in Africa. Partly for business reasons, the Tappans focused on Ibrahim's repatriation, which was finally achieved. Shortly after reaching his homeland, however, Ibrahim died in 1829. This ended the Tappans' hopes of easily establishing significant African trade.

The Tappan brothers were Congregationalists and uncompromising moralists; even within the abolitionist movement, other members found their views extreme. Lewis Tappan advocated intermarriage (at the time called "amalgamation") as the long-range solution to racial issues, as all people would eventually be mixed race. He dreamed of a "copper-skinned" America where race would not define any man, woman, or child. Tappan characterized the arrival of the Amistad and its Africans on American shores as a "providential occurrence" that might allow "the heart of the nation" to be "touched by the power of sympathy."

The Tappan brothers created chapters of the American Anti-Slavery Society (AAS) throughout New York state and in other sympathetic areas. Although Tappan was popular among many, opponents of abolition attacked his homes and churches by arson and vandalism.

Lewis began a nationwide mailing of abolitionist material, which resulted in violent outrage in the South and denunciation by Democratic politicians, who accused him of trying to divide the Union. In the North, the mailings generated widespread sympathy and financial support for the American Anti-Slavery Society. By 1840, however, the anti-slavery program had expanded and the movement splintered.

After 1840, church-oriented abolitionism became dominant. That year Tappan formed the American and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society in disagreement with the AAS. The latter allowed a woman, Abby Kelley, to be elected to serve on the AAS business committee. Because of his strict religious beliefs, Tappan opposed the participation of women in an official capacity in the public society.

Tappan founded the abolitionist Human Rights journal and a children's anti-slavery magazine, The Slave's Friend.

"In July, 1831, Lewis Tappan, Gale, and others founded the Society for Promoting Manual Labor in Literary Institutions ['literary institutions' being schools], and later in the same year persuaded Theodore Weld, a living, breathing, and eloquently-speaking exhibit of the results of manual-labor-with-study, to accept the general agency." [A History of Oberlin College by Robert Samuel Fletcher, 1943] Manual labor--most commonly agricultural, or in a print shop--was supposed to bring students the physical and moral (psychological) benefits of exercise, while providing a type of financial aid to needy students. Among the charges to Weld, who in 1832 traveled over 4,500 miles (7,200 km) and gave over 200 lectures on manual labor and temperance, was "to find a site for a great national manual labor institution where training for the western ministry could be provided for poor but earnest young men." [Ibid.] At the recommendation of Weld, the Tappans supported the new Lane Theological Seminary in Cincinnati. When Weld led a mass exodus to Oberlin, it then received their support.

In 1841, the Amistad case went to trial. Tappan attended each day of the trials and wrote daily accounts of the proceedings for The Emancipator, a New England abolitionist paper. He was a frequent contributor. Throughout the trials in New Haven, Connecticut, Tappan arranged for several Yale University students to tutor the imprisoned Africans in English. The lessons included their learning to read New Testament scriptures and to sing Christian hymns. The Africans later drew from these skills to raise funds to return to Africa.

After achieving legal victory in the US Supreme Court, Tappan planned to use the Amistad Africans as the foundation for his dream to Christianize Africa. The village of Mo Tappan, site of a mission to the Mende people, in modern Sierra Leone, is named for him.

In 1846, Tappan was among the founders of the American Missionary Association (AMA), led by Congregational and Presbyterian ministers, both white and black. It linked anti-slavery activists of the East with Ohio and other Midwestern activists. In addition, it took over managing numerous disparate missions: an Oberlin, Ohio mission to the Red Lake-area Ojibwe, a mission to Jamaica, a Mende mission to the Amistad Africans, and a mission to escaped blacks living in Canada. As the AMA grew in influence, it expanded its enterprises. Among these, it began 115 anti-slavery Congregational churches in Illinois, aided by anti-slavery ministers such as Owen Lovejoy there.

In 1858, Tappan was the Treasurer of the AMA. Under the leadership of President Lawrence Brainerd, Tappan, Foreign Corresponding Secretary Rev. George Whipple, and Home Missions Corresponding Secretary Rev. S.S. Jocelyn, the AMA opposed the long-established and powerful American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions and American Home Missionary Society because of what the AMA alleged was their complicity with slavery. During and after the American Civil War, Tappan and his brother Arthur worked from New York with the AMA on behalf of freedmen in the South. In postwar efforts, it led the founding of numerous schools and colleges for freedmen, the historically black colleges and universities (HBCU).

Unwilling to reduce his commitment to U.S. government action against slavery in the southern states, Tappan and other radical political abolitionists denounced the Democratic Party as essentially pro-slavery. Though mistrustful of politicians, Tappan supported various antislavery parties that culminated in formation of the Republican Party. In both 1860 and 1864, Tappan voted for Abraham Lincoln.

Tappan supported the Emancipation Proclamation but believed that additional liberties were necessary. He wrote to Charles Sumner: "When will the poor negro have his rights? Not, I believe, until he has a musket in one hand and a ballot in the other."

Lewis married Susanna Aspinwall on 7 Sep 1813. Susanna was born on 17 Jul 1790 in Brookline, Norfolk, Massachusetts; died on 24 Mar 1853 in Brooklyn, Kings, New York; was buried in Walnut Street Cemetery, Brookline, Norfolk, Massachusetts. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Lewis married Sarah Jackson in 1854. Sarah was born on 14 Oct 1807 in Newton, Middlesex, Massachusetts; died on 19 Jul 1884 in Brooklyn, Kings, New York; was buried in East Parish Burying Ground, Newton, Middlesex, Massachusetts. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Michel married Marie Françoise Tremblay on 14 Nov 1735 in Petite-Rivière-Saint-François, Québec. Marie (daughter of Louis Tremblay and Françoise Morel) was born in 1710; died on 29 May 1778; was buried on 30 May 1778 in Baie Saint-Paul, Charlevoix, Québec. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

George married Martha Dandridge on 6 Jan 1759 in New Kent County, Virginia. Martha was born on 2 Jun 1731; died on 22 May 1802 in Mount Vernon, Fairfax, Virginia; was buried in Mount Vernon, Fairfax, Virginia. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alternate death: Bef 20 Jun 1803

John married Mary Buckner in 1763. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

She was the twin sister of Richard James Arnold, subject of the book North by South: The Two Lives of Richard James Arnold by Charles Hoffman and Tess Hoffman (Athens, Georgia: The University of Georgia Press, 1988). The publisher's descriptive copy follows:

In 1823, Richard James Arnold, descendant of a Quaker family involved in the movement to abolish slavery in Rhode Island, married Louisa Gindrat of Bryan County, Georgia, and acquired a plantation called White Hall--thirteen hundred acres of rice and cotton land and sixty-eight slaves. Over the next fifty years, Arnold led two distinct, if never entirely separate lives, building through successive Georgia winters a profitable southern "paradise" rooted in human bondage, then returning each spring to his business interests and extended family in Rhode Island.

Organized around a surviving plantation journal kept during two winters and one spring, North by South encompasses Arnold's career as a rice and cotton planter as it uncovers the increasingly difficult social and moral disguises that enabled him to move freely through two worlds.

Eliza married Zachariah Allen on 1 May 1817. Zachariah (son of Zachariah Allen and Anne Crawford) was born on 15 Sep 1795 in Providence, Providence, Rhode Island; died on 17 Mar 1882 in Providence, Providence, Rhode Island; was buried in North Burial Ground, Providence, Providence, Rhode Island. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

John Wingate Thornton calls her merely "a dau." of "Rev. J. Brown, of Haverhill" and his wife Joanna Cotton, but he is specific that she was the wife of "Rev. Edw. Brooks of North Yarmouth, Me."

Abigail married Rev. Edward Brooks in Sep 1764. Edward (son of Samuel Brooks and Mary Boutwell) was born on 31 Oct 1733 in Medford, Middlesex, Massachusetts; was christened on 4 Nov 1733; died on 6 May 1781 in Medford, Middlesex, Massachusetts; was buried in Oak Grove Cemetery, Medford, Middlesex, Massachusetts. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Jacob Winn, III. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

"They lived near Branchville, Sussex Co., N. J. Samuel Hazen, Jr., and his wife Elizabeth sold land there 5 Oct. 1812. Soon after, they moved to Owl Creek, Knox Co., Ohio, but finally settled at Gilead, Marion Co. He removed to Kosciusco Co., Ind., where his son Ziba was living. He was a gunsmith by trade and a great hunter." [The Hazen Family in America, citation details below]

Samuel married Elizabeth DeWitt on 3 Apr 1802 in Frankford, Sussex, New Jersey. Elizabeth (daughter of Isaac DeWitt and Jerusha Price) was born on 18 Mar 1775 in Frankford, Sussex, New Jersey; died on 26 Aug 1850 in Mt. Gilead, Morrow, Ohio; was buried in Rivercliff Cemetery, Mt. Gilead, Morrow, Ohio. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]